Pub Date : 2024-07-30DOI: 10.1088/0026-1394/61/1a/06010
C Kessler, B J Jansen, J A de Pooter, P Aviles Lucas
Main textA new key comparison of the standards for reference air kerma rate for 192Ir high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy sources of the Dutch Metrology Institute (VSL), The Netherlands, and the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) was carried out at the VSL in May 2019. The comparison result, based on the calibration coefficients for a transfer standard and expressed as a ratio of the VSL and the BIPM standards for reference air kerma rate, is 0.9926 with a combined standard uncertainty of 0.0055.To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
{"title":"Key comparison BIPM.RI(I)-K8 of high dose-rate 192Ir brachytherapy standards for reference air kerma rate of the VSL and the BIPM","authors":"C Kessler, B J Jansen, J A de Pooter, P Aviles Lucas","doi":"10.1088/0026-1394/61/1a/06010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/61/1a/06010","url":null,"abstract":"<title>Main text</title>A new key comparison of the standards for reference air kerma rate for <sup>192</sup>Ir high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy sources of the Dutch Metrology Institute (VSL), The Netherlands, and the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) was carried out at the VSL in May 2019. The comparison result, based on the calibration coefficients for a transfer standard and expressed as a ratio of the VSL and the BIPM standards for reference air kerma rate, is 0.9926 with a combined standard uncertainty of 0.0055.To reach the main text of this paper, click on <ext-link xlink:href=\"https://www.bipm.org/documents/d/guest/bipm-ri-i-k8_vsl_2019\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Final Report</ext-link>. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database <ext-link xlink:href=\"https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/</ext-link>.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).","PeriodicalId":18444,"journal":{"name":"Metrologia","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141865635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-29DOI: 10.1088/0026-1394/61/1a/01006
A A Akhmeev, E V Voronskay, V N Kikalo, E V Melkumyan, O Dzhasinbekov, G Gantumur, D M Volozhinskii
Main textThe purpose of conducting comparison COOMET.EM-S22 of reference measuring systems of the AC current ratio of national metrological institutes (NMIs) is to determine the degree of consistency of national standards among themselves in the participating countries.Six NMIs participated in the supplementary comparison COOMET.EM-S22. Affiliated Branch of D I Mendeleev Institute for Metrology (VNIIM-UNIIM), Russian Federation, acted as the coordinating laboratory of the comparison.The comparisons were carried out by comparing the measurement results of the characteristics of measuring current transformers (CTs), namely, the units of the coefficient and the angle of the scale conversion of the sinusoidal current at a frequency of 50 Hz.To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCEM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
正文进行国家计量机构（NMIs）交流电流比参考测量系统 COOMET.EM-S22 比对的目的是确定参与国国家标准之间的一致程度。俄罗斯联邦 D I 门捷列夫计量研究院附属分院 (VNIIM-UNIIM) 是此次比对的协调实验室。比对通过比较测量电流互感器 (CT) 特性的测量结果进行，即频率为 50 Hz 的正弦电流的系数单位和刻度转换角度。请注意，此文本为 BIPM 关键比较数据库附录 B 中的文本 https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.The 根据 CIPM 互认安排 (CIPM MRA) 的规定，最终报告已通过同行评审，并获准由 CCEM 出版。
{"title":"Supplementary comparison of the measurement of current transformers (CTs)","authors":"A A Akhmeev, E V Voronskay, V N Kikalo, E V Melkumyan, O Dzhasinbekov, G Gantumur, D M Volozhinskii","doi":"10.1088/0026-1394/61/1a/01006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/61/1a/01006","url":null,"abstract":"<title>Main text</title>The purpose of conducting comparison COOMET.EM-S22 of reference measuring systems of the AC current ratio of national metrological institutes (NMIs) is to determine the degree of consistency of national standards among themselves in the participating countries.Six NMIs participated in the supplementary comparison COOMET.EM-S22. Affiliated Branch of D I Mendeleev Institute for Metrology (VNIIM-UNIIM), Russian Federation, acted as the coordinating laboratory of the comparison.The comparisons were carried out by comparing the measurement results of the characteristics of measuring current transformers (CTs), namely, the units of the coefficient and the angle of the scale conversion of the sinusoidal current at a frequency of 50 Hz.To reach the main text of this paper, click on <ext-link xlink:href=\"https://www.bipm.org/documents/d/guest/coomet-em-s22\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Final Report</ext-link>. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database <ext-link xlink:href=\"https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/</ext-link>.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCEM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).","PeriodicalId":18444,"journal":{"name":"Metrologia","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141865491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.1088/1681-7575/ad61ea
Seungjin Yoon, Yu Sung Choi, Mark Tame, Jae Woong Yoon, Sergey V Polyakov and Changhyoup Lee
We propose a quantum plasmonic sensor using Hong–Ou–Mandel (HOM) interferometry that measures the refractive index of an analyte, embedded in a plasmonic beam splitter composed of a dual-Kretschmann configuration, which serves as a frustrated total internal reflection beamsplitter (BS). The sensing performance of the HOM interferometry, combined with single-photon detectors, is evaluated through Fisher information for estimation of the refractive index of the analyte. This is subsequently compared with the classical benchmark that considers the injection of a coherent state of light into the plasmonic BS. By varying the wavelength of the single photons and the refractive index of the analyte, we identify a wide range where a 50% quantum enhancement is achieved and discuss the observed behaviors in comparison with the classical benchmark. We expect this study to provide a useful insight into the advancement of quantum-enhanced sensing technologies, with direct implications for a wide range of nanophotonic BS structures.
{"title":"Quantum plasmonic sensing by Hong–Ou–Mandel interferometry","authors":"Seungjin Yoon, Yu Sung Choi, Mark Tame, Jae Woong Yoon, Sergey V Polyakov and Changhyoup Lee","doi":"10.1088/1681-7575/ad61ea","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1681-7575/ad61ea","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a quantum plasmonic sensor using Hong–Ou–Mandel (HOM) interferometry that measures the refractive index of an analyte, embedded in a plasmonic beam splitter composed of a dual-Kretschmann configuration, which serves as a frustrated total internal reflection beamsplitter (BS). The sensing performance of the HOM interferometry, combined with single-photon detectors, is evaluated through Fisher information for estimation of the refractive index of the analyte. This is subsequently compared with the classical benchmark that considers the injection of a coherent state of light into the plasmonic BS. By varying the wavelength of the single photons and the refractive index of the analyte, we identify a wide range where a 50% quantum enhancement is achieved and discuss the observed behaviors in comparison with the classical benchmark. We expect this study to provide a useful insight into the advancement of quantum-enhanced sensing technologies, with direct implications for a wide range of nanophotonic BS structures.","PeriodicalId":18444,"journal":{"name":"Metrologia","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141774243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.1088/1681-7575/ad6324
Richard J C Brown
This letter considers the potential for confusion in the presentation and interpretation of measurement results caused by the existence of upper- and lower-case letter pairs for SI prefix symbols, an example of this being the newest prefix symbols Q & q and R & r, adopted at the 27th Meeting of the General Conference on Weights and Measures in November 2022. The requirements of digitalisation and machine readability, when making choices for new unit and prefix symbols, are also examined.
本信探讨了由于国际单位制前缀符号存在大小写字母对而可能造成的测量结果表述和解释混乱的问题，2022 年 11 月举行的第 27 届计量大会通过的最新前缀符号 Q & q 和 R & r 就是一个例子。在选择新的单位和前缀符号时，还研究了数字化和机器可读性的要求。
{"title":"Letter case pairs for SI prefix symbols","authors":"Richard J C Brown","doi":"10.1088/1681-7575/ad6324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1681-7575/ad6324","url":null,"abstract":"This letter considers the potential for confusion in the presentation and interpretation of measurement results caused by the existence of upper- and lower-case letter pairs for SI prefix symbols, an example of this being the newest prefix symbols Q & q and R & r, adopted at the 27th Meeting of the General Conference on Weights and Measures in November 2022. The requirements of digitalisation and machine readability, when making choices for new unit and prefix symbols, are also examined.","PeriodicalId":18444,"journal":{"name":"Metrologia","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141774244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.1088/1681-7575/ad58e6
Tobias Dietl, Ahmed El Hawary, Roberto M Gavioso, Robert Hellmann and Karsten Meier
We report comprehensive and accurate measurements of the speed of sound in neon. These measurements were carried out by a double-path-length pulse-echo technique and cover the temperature range between 200 K and 420 K with pressures up to 100 MPa. The standard uncertainties are 1.9 mK in temperature, 22 parts in 106 in pressure and 35 parts in 106 in speed of sound. The third and fourth acoustic virial coefficients of neon were derived from the speed of sound data in the temperature range of the measurements by fitting a fourth-order acoustic virial expansion in pressure with the second acoustic virial coefficient constrained from first-principles calculations. To support our claimed uncertainty, we determined the ratio between the molar mass M and the ideal-gas heat capacity ratio of the neon sample with a relative standard uncertainty of 7.7 parts in 106 by additional speed of sound measurements using a spherical resonator at 273.16 K.
我们报告了对氖中声速的全面而精确的测量。这些测量是通过双路径长度脉冲回波技术进行的，温度范围在 200 K 到 420 K 之间，压力高达 100 兆帕。温度的标准不确定度为 1.9 mK，压力的标准不确定度为 22 分之 106，声速的标准不确定度为 35 分之 106。氖的三阶和四阶声学病毒系数是根据测量温度范围内的声速数据得出的，方法是将压力下的四阶声学病毒膨胀与一阶原理计算得出的二阶声学病毒系数进行拟合。为了支持我们所声称的不确定性，我们通过在 273.16 K 温度下使用球形共振器进行额外的声速测量，确定了氖样品的摩尔质量 M 与理想气体热容比之间的比率，其相对标准不确定性为 106 分之 7.7。
{"title":"Speed of sound measurements and derived third and fourth acoustic virial coefficients of supercritical neon","authors":"Tobias Dietl, Ahmed El Hawary, Roberto M Gavioso, Robert Hellmann and Karsten Meier","doi":"10.1088/1681-7575/ad58e6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1681-7575/ad58e6","url":null,"abstract":"We report comprehensive and accurate measurements of the speed of sound in neon. These measurements were carried out by a double-path-length pulse-echo technique and cover the temperature range between 200 K and 420 K with pressures up to 100 MPa. The standard uncertainties are 1.9 mK in temperature, 22 parts in 106 in pressure and 35 parts in 106 in speed of sound. The third and fourth acoustic virial coefficients of neon were derived from the speed of sound data in the temperature range of the measurements by fitting a fourth-order acoustic virial expansion in pressure with the second acoustic virial coefficient constrained from first-principles calculations. To support our claimed uncertainty, we determined the ratio between the molar mass M and the ideal-gas heat capacity ratio of the neon sample with a relative standard uncertainty of 7.7 parts in 106 by additional speed of sound measurements using a spherical resonator at 273.16 K.","PeriodicalId":18444,"journal":{"name":"Metrologia","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141585367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-30DOI: 10.1088/1681-7575/ad59ac
G Petit and G Panfilo
Coordinated universal Time UTC is the reference timescale generated by the BIPM and is made available through the published values [UTC–UTC(k)]. In a previous paper, Panfilo et al (2020 Metrologia57 065011) we examined the calculation of the uncertainties of [UTC–UTC(k)] and proposed some evolution to the current procedure. We here complete and clarify two main issues related to this calculation that have appeared in discussions and publications following our previous paper. We state (i) that the systematic uncertainty for a specific laboratory UTC(k) is not affected by biases from other laboratories and (ii) that the uncertainties of [UTC–UTC(k)] only depend on the input covariance of the epoch. We highlight the role of UTC and of the uncertainties of [UTC–UTC(k)]. Based on the present computation algorithm ALGOS, we detail internal procedures of the BIPM Time Department implementing the algorithm to ensure the continuity of UTC when changes occur e.g. a new laboratory entering UTC or a new calibration introduced in a specific receiver/time link.
{"title":"Discussion on the calculation of the uncertainties of [UTC-UTC(k)]","authors":"G Petit and G Panfilo","doi":"10.1088/1681-7575/ad59ac","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1681-7575/ad59ac","url":null,"abstract":"Coordinated universal Time UTC is the reference timescale generated by the BIPM and is made available through the published values [UTC–UTC(k)]. In a previous paper, Panfilo et al (2020 Metrologia57 065011) we examined the calculation of the uncertainties of [UTC–UTC(k)] and proposed some evolution to the current procedure. We here complete and clarify two main issues related to this calculation that have appeared in discussions and publications following our previous paper. We state (i) that the systematic uncertainty for a specific laboratory UTC(k) is not affected by biases from other laboratories and (ii) that the uncertainties of [UTC–UTC(k)] only depend on the input covariance of the epoch. We highlight the role of UTC and of the uncertainties of [UTC–UTC(k)]. Based on the present computation algorithm ALGOS, we detail internal procedures of the BIPM Time Department implementing the algorithm to ensure the continuity of UTC when changes occur e.g. a new laboratory entering UTC or a new calibration introduced in a specific receiver/time link.","PeriodicalId":18444,"journal":{"name":"Metrologia","volume":"2012 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141522301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-30DOI: 10.1088/1681-7575/ad57cb
Lorenz Keck, Stephan Schlamminger, René Theska, Frank Seifert and Darine Haddad
We studied the anelastic aftereffect of a flexure being used in a Kibble balance, where the flexure is subjected to a large excursion in velocity mode after which a high-precision force comparison is performed. We investigated the effect of a constant and a sinusoidal excursion on the force comparison. We explored theoretically and experimentally a simple erasing procedure, i.e. bending the flexure in the opposite direction for a given amplitude and time. We found that the erasing procedure reduced the time-dependent force by about 30%. The investigation was performed with an analytical model and verified experimentally with our new Kibble balance at the National Institute of Standards and Technology employing flexures made from precipitation-hardened Copper Beryllium alloy C17200. Our experimental determination of the modulus defect of the flexure yields . This result is about a factor of two higher than previously reported from experiments. We additionally found a static shift of the flexure’s internal equilibrium after a change in the stress and strain state. These static shifts, although measurable, are small and deemed uncritical for our Kibble balance application at present. During this investigation, we discovered magic flexures that promise to have very little anelastic relaxation. In these magic flexures, the mechanism causing anelastic relaxation is compensated for by properly shaping and loading a flexure with a non-constant cross-section in the region of bending.
{"title":"Flexures for Kibble balances: minimizing the effects of anelastic relaxation","authors":"Lorenz Keck, Stephan Schlamminger, René Theska, Frank Seifert and Darine Haddad","doi":"10.1088/1681-7575/ad57cb","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1681-7575/ad57cb","url":null,"abstract":"We studied the anelastic aftereffect of a flexure being used in a Kibble balance, where the flexure is subjected to a large excursion in velocity mode after which a high-precision force comparison is performed. We investigated the effect of a constant and a sinusoidal excursion on the force comparison. We explored theoretically and experimentally a simple erasing procedure, i.e. bending the flexure in the opposite direction for a given amplitude and time. We found that the erasing procedure reduced the time-dependent force by about 30%. The investigation was performed with an analytical model and verified experimentally with our new Kibble balance at the National Institute of Standards and Technology employing flexures made from precipitation-hardened Copper Beryllium alloy C17200. Our experimental determination of the modulus defect of the flexure yields . This result is about a factor of two higher than previously reported from experiments. We additionally found a static shift of the flexure’s internal equilibrium after a change in the stress and strain state. These static shifts, although measurable, are small and deemed uncritical for our Kibble balance application at present. During this investigation, we discovered magic flexures that promise to have very little anelastic relaxation. In these magic flexures, the mechanism causing anelastic relaxation is compensated for by properly shaping and loading a flexure with a non-constant cross-section in the region of bending.","PeriodicalId":18444,"journal":{"name":"Metrologia","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141549490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-26DOI: 10.1088/1681-7575/ad5846
Tamar Gadrich, Yariv N Marmor, Francesca R Pennecchi, D Brynn Hibbert, Anastasia A Semenova and Ilya Kuselman
A concept of the consensus among different laboratories participating in an interlaboratory comparison, classifying a substance, material, or object according to its nominal and ordinal (i.e. categorical) characteristics, is devised using decomposition of the total variation of the laboratory responses. One of the components of the total variation is caused by the between-laboratory differences, and the second—by conditions associated with the applied experimental design (for example, temperature of test items, technician experience, etc). This decomposition is based on the recently developed two-way CATANOVA for nominal variables and two-way ORDANOVA for ordinal variables. The consensus is tested as hypotheses about homogeneity, i.e. insignificance of the corresponding components of the total variation. The consensus power is taken to be the power of the homogeneity test. A methodology for evaluation of the consensus power and corresponding risks of false decisions versus the dataset size of categorical characteristics obtained in an interlaboratory comparison is detailed. Examples of evaluation of the power and risks are discussed using previously-published datasets of an interlaboratory comparison of identification of weld imperfections, and an examination of the intensity of the odor of drinking water. An example of computer code in the R programming environment is presented for the power calculations in the case of nominal variables, using a chi-square distribution. A newly developed tool for ordinal variables, an Excel spreadsheet with macros, which is based on Monte Carlo draws from a multinomial distribution, is also available.
参与实验室间比对的不同实验室根据物质、材料或物体的名义和序数（即分类）特征对其进行分类，通过对实验室反应的总变化进行分解，得出实验室间共识的概念。总变异的一个组成部分是由实验室之间的差异造成的，第二个组成部分是由与应用实验设计相关的条件（如测试项目的温度、技术人员的经验等）造成的。这种分解是基于最近开发的用于名义变量的双向 CATANOVA 和用于顺序变量的双向 ORDANOVA。共识是作为同质性假设进行检验的，即总变异中相应成分的不显著性。共识的力量被认为是同质性检验的力量。本文详细介绍了一种方法，用于评估实验室间比较中获得的分类特征的共识力和相应的错误判定风险与数据集大小的关系。此外，还讨论了利用以前公布的焊接缺陷鉴定实验室间比对数据集和饮用水气味强度检测数据集来评估功率和风险的示例。在 R 编程环境中提供了一个计算机代码示例，用于在名义变量的情况下使用卡方分布计算幂值。此外，还提供了一个新开发的序数变量工具，即一个带有宏的 Excel 电子表格，该工具基于从多叉分布中进行蒙特卡罗抽样。
{"title":"Power of a test for assessing interlaboratory consensus of nominal and ordinal characteristics of a substance, material, or object","authors":"Tamar Gadrich, Yariv N Marmor, Francesca R Pennecchi, D Brynn Hibbert, Anastasia A Semenova and Ilya Kuselman","doi":"10.1088/1681-7575/ad5846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1681-7575/ad5846","url":null,"abstract":"A concept of the consensus among different laboratories participating in an interlaboratory comparison, classifying a substance, material, or object according to its nominal and ordinal (i.e. categorical) characteristics, is devised using decomposition of the total variation of the laboratory responses. One of the components of the total variation is caused by the between-laboratory differences, and the second—by conditions associated with the applied experimental design (for example, temperature of test items, technician experience, etc). This decomposition is based on the recently developed two-way CATANOVA for nominal variables and two-way ORDANOVA for ordinal variables. The consensus is tested as hypotheses about homogeneity, i.e. insignificance of the corresponding components of the total variation. The consensus power is taken to be the power of the homogeneity test. A methodology for evaluation of the consensus power and corresponding risks of false decisions versus the dataset size of categorical characteristics obtained in an interlaboratory comparison is detailed. Examples of evaluation of the power and risks are discussed using previously-published datasets of an interlaboratory comparison of identification of weld imperfections, and an examination of the intensity of the odor of drinking water. An example of computer code in the R programming environment is presented for the power calculations in the case of nominal variables, using a chi-square distribution. A newly developed tool for ordinal variables, an Excel spreadsheet with macros, which is based on Monte Carlo draws from a multinomial distribution, is also available.","PeriodicalId":18444,"journal":{"name":"Metrologia","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141552877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-23DOI: 10.1088/0026-1394/61/1a/04003
M Matus, M del Mar Pérez, E Prieto, A Germak, D Czułek, P Sosinowski, A Duță, E Dugheanu, S Zelenika, M Äremann, B Ozgur, M Asar, P Greeff, K Manana, S Sun, J Buajarern, D A Brasil, B Gastaldi and G Zechner
The results of the EURAMET supplementary comparison on the calibration of a 1 mm stage micrometer are reported. 13 NMIs from 4 RMOs participated in the comparison. Originally, the comparison was planned to use a single artefact. Because it was destroyed during the duration of the comparison, it was necessary to carry out the test in two loops using a new artefact. Artefact circulation started in August 2020 and was completed in September 2022. Both artefacts were the same make and kind. The two artefacts are standard stage micrometers as used in optical microscopy on a transparent, low thermal expansion substrate. The scale length is 1 mm divided in 100 parts. The distances of all 100 scale marks from the zero mark have been measured by each participant. The results with associated uncertainties of all participating NMIs were in good agreement. All En values were smaller than 1 already from the pre-draft A state on. Therefore, no separate analysis of a largest consistent subset was necessary. With 1400 values without a single outlier, it is tempting to assume that uncertainty contributions are somehow overestimated. To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCL, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
{"title":"Report on EURAMET supplementary comparison on measurement of a 1 mm stage micrometer","authors":"M Matus, M del Mar Pérez, E Prieto, A Germak, D Czułek, P Sosinowski, A Duță, E Dugheanu, S Zelenika, M Äremann, B Ozgur, M Asar, P Greeff, K Manana, S Sun, J Buajarern, D A Brasil, B Gastaldi and G Zechner","doi":"10.1088/0026-1394/61/1a/04003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/61/1a/04003","url":null,"abstract":"The results of the EURAMET supplementary comparison on the calibration of a 1 mm stage micrometer are reported. 13 NMIs from 4 RMOs participated in the comparison. Originally, the comparison was planned to use a single artefact. Because it was destroyed during the duration of the comparison, it was necessary to carry out the test in two loops using a new artefact. Artefact circulation started in August 2020 and was completed in September 2022. Both artefacts were the same make and kind. The two artefacts are standard stage micrometers as used in optical microscopy on a transparent, low thermal expansion substrate. The scale length is 1 mm divided in 100 parts. The distances of all 100 scale marks from the zero mark have been measured by each participant. The results with associated uncertainties of all participating NMIs were in good agreement. All En values were smaller than 1 already from the pre-draft A state on. Therefore, no separate analysis of a largest consistent subset was necessary. With 1400 values without a single outlier, it is tempting to assume that uncertainty contributions are somehow overestimated. To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCL, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).","PeriodicalId":18444,"journal":{"name":"Metrologia","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141522302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-23DOI: 10.1088/1681-7575/ad57cc
John Lehman, Alan Migdall, Julia Scherschligt and Lorne Whitehead
In this corrigendum, we correct several typographical or typesetting errors and small but meaningful errors in tables 1, A.1 and A.3 found in the original manuscript. We emphasize as a correction that the Avogadro constant is not a dimensionless number. The corrections are placed according to the original organization: section 2, references, and appendix.
{"title":"Corrigendum: Corrections to a proposal for three categories of units within the SI (2024 Metrologia 61 033001)","authors":"John Lehman, Alan Migdall, Julia Scherschligt and Lorne Whitehead","doi":"10.1088/1681-7575/ad57cc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1681-7575/ad57cc","url":null,"abstract":"In this corrigendum, we correct several typographical or typesetting errors and small but meaningful errors in tables 1, A.1 and A.3 found in the original manuscript. We emphasize as a correction that the Avogadro constant is not a dimensionless number. The corrections are placed according to the original organization: section 2, references, and appendix.","PeriodicalId":18444,"journal":{"name":"Metrologia","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141531599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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