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Experimental INVESTIGATION OF influence WEDM PARAMETERS ON SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND FLATNESS DEVIATION 电火花加工参数对表面粗糙度和平面度偏差影响的实验研究
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.37904/metal.2020.3567
Dorota Oniszczuk-Świercz, R. Świercz, T. Chmielewski, T. Sałaciński
Wire electrical discharge machining (EDM) is a modern technology that is widely used in the production of difficult to cut conductive materials. Stochastic nature of electrical discharges causing to difficult to identify the influence WEDM parameters on surface roughness and dimensional accuracy of machining parts. Predicting favorable machining conditions for the required surface finish and dimensional accuracy plays a key role in the process. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to build empirical models on the influence of the discharge voltage VB , pulse interval SB , and workpiece height on the surface roughness ( Ra ) and the flatness deviation during the machining of tool steel X153CrMoV12. The conducted analysis of the material removal physics in relation to investigated parameters indicated potential sources of shape errors of cutting parts.
线切割加工是一种广泛应用于难切削导电材料生产的现代加工技术。电火花放电的随机性导致电火花加工参数对加工零件表面粗糙度和尺寸精度的影响难以识别。预测所需的表面光洁度和尺寸精度的有利加工条件在加工过程中起着关键作用。采用响应面法(RSM)建立了X153CrMoV12刀具加工过程中放电电压VB、脉冲间隔SB和工件高度对表面粗糙度Ra和平整度偏差影响的经验模型。对材料去除物理特性与所研究参数的关系进行了分析,指出了切削零件形状误差的潜在来源。
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引用次数: 14
Proposal for Integrating an EDI Cloud Solution into the Information System Structure at a Metallurgical Enterprise 某冶金企业EDI云解决方案与信息系统结构集成的建议
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.37904/metal.2020.3658
Martin Lampa, Pavla Konfrštová, Andrea Samolejová
Electronic information transfer has existed for decades, and the many advantages of this type of communication are employed by large companies where quick, flawless and secure data transfer is essential. Many companies use advanced information systems internally, hence most of their documents are created in electronic format. It could therefore be said that for companies to exchange documents in hardcopy or via e-mail and manually file these documents is an anachronism. If a company decides to take advantage of more modern data transfer technology, this is often more a necessity rather than a competitive advantage if the enterprise wants to remain relevant to key customers or suppliers. The aim of the article was to identify the suppliers and customers who would be ideal to implement joint EDI communications with, predict the efficiency and speed of purchasing and sales processes, recommend the broader use of EDI communication integration, evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of implementing EDI, and subsequently propose a suitable EDI cloud solution to integrate with the information system at a metallurgical enterprise.
电子信息传输已经存在了几十年,这种通信方式的许多优点被大公司所采用,在这些公司中,快速、完美和安全的数据传输是必不可少的。许多公司在内部使用先进的信息系统,因此他们的大多数文件都是以电子格式创建的。因此,可以说,对于公司来说,通过硬拷贝或电子邮件交换文件并手动归档这些文件是不合时宜的。如果一家公司决定利用更现代的数据传输技术,那么如果企业希望与关键客户或供应商保持联系,这通常是一种必要,而不是一种竞争优势。本文的目的是确定最适合实施联合EDI通信的供应商和客户,预测采购和销售过程的效率和速度,建议更广泛地使用EDI通信集成,评估实施EDI的优点和缺点,并随后提出一个合适的EDI云解决方案来与冶金企业的信息系统集成。
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引用次数: 0
Structure and magnetic properties IN the mixture of Fe and BN powders after high-energy ball milling and annealing 高能球磨和退火后Fe和BN混合粉末的结构和磁性能
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.37904/metal.2020.3585
V. Menushenkov, I. Minkova, A. Savchenko, I. Shchetinin, D. Zhukov, Sandra Mecala
The effect of high-energy ball milling a mixture of Fe and h-BN with weight ratio of Fe:BN = 15, 4, 1, 0.36 on the phase composition and magnetic properties of the synthesized material has been investigated. Highenergy ball milling demonstrated a significant change in the phase content, structure, and magnetic characteristics upon MA and followed annealing at 600 0C, in particular upon annealing, and the coercivity of the MA powder reached HC = 43 kA/m (540 Oe).
研究了Fe:BN质量比分别为15,4,1,0.36的Fe与h-BN混合物高能球磨对合成材料相组成和磁性能的影响。经高能球磨处理后,MA粉末的相含量、结构和磁性都发生了显著变化,特别是退火后,MA粉末的矫顽力达到了HC = 43 kA/m (540 Oe)。
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引用次数: 0
EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THUNGSTEN HEAVY ALLOYS AFTER HOT ROTARY SWAGING AND ANNEALING 热旋锻退火后重合金力学性能的实验验证
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.37904/metal.2020.3483
Ludmila Krátká
This study deals with the experimental processing of a tungsten heavy alloy prepared by powder metallurgy using the technology of rotary swaging. Rotary swaging took place at a temperature of 900 ° C. After processing by rotary swaging, the material was further subjected to annealing. Emphasis was placed on the mechanical properties of the material before processing, after processing and after annealing. In the study we also deal with the influence of forming and annealing on the structural arrangement of tungsten heavy alloy.
本文研究了用旋转锻压技术制备钨重合金的粉末冶金试验工艺。旋转锻压在900℃的温度下进行,经过旋转锻压处理后,材料进一步退火。重点研究了材料加工前、加工后和退火后的力学性能。研究了成形和退火对重钨合金组织排列的影响。
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引用次数: 0
selected properties OF hybrid PTA-MAG welded joints of thermomechanically rolled s700MC steel s700MC钢热轧PTA-MAG复合焊接接头的选择性能
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.37904/metal.2020.3506
Beata Skowrońska, T. Chmielewski, T. Sałaciński, J. Szulc, R. Świercz
The aim of this paper is to describe the selected mechanical properties and microstructure of butt welded joints obtained by the hybrid Plasma+MAG method of S700 MC steel (high strength Re=700 MPa). The results of metallographic research of welded joints, microstructure of the weld and heat affected zone, hardness distribution and impact toughness are presented. The tensile test shown that strength of welded joints was slightly reduced and the bending test revealed no crack formation in the weld. The impact toughness of measured welded samples with V-notch in HAZ (heat affected zone) reached high values that are higher comparing to samples with notch placed in the weld area. The investigation results show that the use of hybrid plasma + MAG welding arc does not significantly change the structure and deteriorate properties of welded S700MC thermomechanically treated high strength steel. the of The on samples both from the and root The show no failure up to the loading force, plastic properties of the joint. The Charpy impact test was performed the of according to PN-EN on welded samples with v-notch located in the weld HAZ. The VEB Werkstoffprüfmachinen toughness
介绍了高强度Re=700 MPa的S700 MC钢采用等离子体+MAG复合焊法制备的对接焊接接头的力学性能和显微组织。介绍了焊接接头金相组织、焊缝及热影响区的显微组织、硬度分布和冲击韧性的研究结果。拉伸试验表明焊接接头的强度略有降低,弯曲试验表明焊缝未形成裂纹。在热影响区放置v形缺口的焊接试样的冲击韧性达到了很高的值,比在焊缝区放置缺口的试样的冲击韧性更高。研究结果表明,等离子体+ MAG复合电弧对S700MC高强度钢焊接后的组织和性能没有明显的改变。结果表明,在荷载作用下,接头的受力、塑性性能均未发生破坏。根据PN-EN标准,对焊缝热影响区内有v形缺口的焊接试样进行了夏比冲击试验。机械韧性的VEB werkstofpref
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引用次数: 1
The Impact of Carbon Neutrality on Human Resources in the Metallurgy Industry 碳中和对冶金行业人力资源的影响
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.37904/metal.2020.3640
Dominika Hrubá, Andrea Samolejová
The greatest challenge for the metallurgy industry today is to adapt to the EU’s stricter climate policy. The European Commission’s aim to achieve neutral CO2 emissions by 2050 will have a huge impact on the sector. The methods of achieving this aim will determine the fate of steel production in Europe. If European policy further weakens the competitive position of European smelters by giving preference to producers in China, Russia or the USA, the vast majority of production will move from Europe to third world countries. Steel companies in the Czech Republic are still attempting to limit the impact of their activities on the environment. Billions of crowns invested into reducing emissions from operations in the Moravian-Silesian Region led to a significant decrease in harmful emissions into the air. Although the industry is still a major source of pollution, its proportion of dust emissions, for example, has declined. The objective of carbon neutrality by 2050 will have a major impact on employment and the prosperity of industrial regions. The transformation to carbon-free industry entails the need for higher skills and sometimes even complete retraining of employees. The article analyzes the present impact of carbon footprint reduction on employment in the industry. The authors also predict further development in relation to human resources. The work takes into account external influences such as competition, the labor market and labor productivity.
冶金行业目前面临的最大挑战是适应欧盟更严格的气候政策。欧盟委员会的目标是到2050年实现二氧化碳中性排放,这将对该行业产生巨大影响。实现这一目标的方法将决定欧洲钢铁生产的命运。如果欧洲政策通过给予中国、俄罗斯或美国生产商优先权,进一步削弱欧洲冶炼厂的竞争地位,那么绝大多数生产将从欧洲转移到第三世界国家。捷克共和国的钢铁公司仍在努力限制其活动对环境的影响。为减少摩拉维亚-西里西亚地区的业务排放投入了数十亿克朗,导致空气中的有害排放物大幅减少。虽然该行业仍然是一个主要的污染源,但其粉尘排放的比例已经下降。到2050年实现碳中和的目标将对就业和工业地区的繁荣产生重大影响。向无碳工业的转型需要更高的技能,有时甚至需要对员工进行彻底的再培训。本文分析了目前碳足迹减少对该行业就业的影响。作者还预测了人力资源方面的进一步发展。这项工作考虑了竞争、劳动力市场和劳动生产率等外部影响。
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引用次数: 0
STUDY OF THE EFFICIENCY OF ELECTROFLOTATION PROCESS ON A MIXTURE OF HEAVY HYDROXIDES AND NONFERROUS METALS IN VARIOUS ELECTROLYTES 不同电解液中重氢氧化物与有色金属混合物的电浮选效率研究
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.37904/metal.2020.3600
T. A. Hein, P. Aung, Z. H. Than, A. Kolesnikov
The features of electroflotation extraction of a mixture of heavy hydroxides and non-ferrous metals (Fe 2+ , Ni 2+ , Zn 2+ , Co 2+ , Cu 2+ ) from a five-component system in the presence of various background electrolytes were studied. The influence of the nature of various background electrolytes on the kinetics of electroflotation extraction of the mixture of the studied hydroxides at pH=10 was established. It is shown that the addition of NaCl electrolyte can increase the efficiency and stabilize the electroflotation process of extraction of hard-to-dissolve heavy and non-ferrous metal compounds as part of multi-component systems from the wastewater of various electroplating plants, the recovery rate can reach to 99%. The conducted research shows the principal possibility and high efficiency of the process of electroflotation extraction of a mixture of insoluble compounds of copper, zinc and cobalt in the form of hydroxides. after electroflotation recovery
研究了在不同背景电解质存在下,电浮选从五组分体系中萃取重氢氧化物和有色金属(Fe 2+、Ni 2+、Zn 2+、Co 2+、Cu 2+)的特性。在pH=10的条件下,考察了不同背景电解质的性质对氢氧化物混合物电浮选萃取动力学的影响。结果表明,NaCl电解质的加入可以提高电浮选工艺的效率,稳定多组分体系中难溶重金属和有色金属化合物的萃取,回收率可达99%。所进行的研究表明,电浮选提取以氢氧化物形式存在的铜、锌和钴的不溶性化合物混合物的主要可能性和高效率。电浮选回收后
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引用次数: 0
Effect of aditive production on aisi 316l material properties 添加剂生产对aisi 316l材料性能的影响
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.37904/metal.2020.3499
Šárka Hermanová, P. Čížek, G. Rožnovská, J. Kosňovská
This work is focused on the study of influence of additives manufacturing on material properties of AISI 316L steel. Comparison of the material properties of the plate produced by the selective laser melting (SLM) technology and the hot-rolled plate was performed not only on the results of tensile tests, but also on small punch tests, which is an evolving and promising testing method and will be implemented into standardized testing methods within EU soon. The determination of the yield point and the tensile strength from the results of small punch tests is based on the simple correlation among them. For wrought steels this correlation was verified but no such a relation is known for additive steels. Therefore, we tried to use this correlation to additive manufactured material and to compare the obtained results with the results of conventional tensile tests. The results of mechanical testing are complemented by microstructural investigation of both technologies, including fractographic analysis of fracture surfaces.
本文主要研究了添加剂制造对aisi316l钢材料性能的影响。对选择性激光熔化(SLM)技术生产的板材与热轧板材的材料性能进行了对比,不仅进行了拉伸试验,还进行了小冲孔试验,这是一种不断发展和有前途的测试方法,很快将在欧盟标准化测试方法中实施。从小冲孔试验结果中确定屈服点和抗拉强度是基于它们之间的简单相关性。对于锻造钢,这种相关性得到了证实,但对于添加剂钢,没有这种关系。因此,我们试图将这种相关性用于添加剂制造的材料,并将获得的结果与常规拉伸试验的结果进行比较。力学测试结果与两种技术的显微组织研究相辅相成,包括断口表面的断口分析。
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引用次数: 0
PROTECTION OF LEAD STORED IN MUSEUM STORAGE CABINETS AGAINST CORROSION BY MEANS OF VAPOUR PHASE CORROSION INHIBITORS 用气相缓蚀剂保护博物馆储存柜中的铅免受腐蚀
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.37904/metal.2020.3576
K. C. Strachotová, M. Kouřil
High sensitivity of lead to organic compounds leads to degradation of lead artifacts stored in the museums or archives together with organic materials (wood, glue, leather, paper, plastic, etc.). Protection of the lead stored under adverse conditions (environment polluted by organic compound, mainly acetic acid) is based on the use of corrosion inhibitors. The aim of this work was to test compounds with high tendency to sublime under atmospheric conditions and good ability to form a protective polymeric layer on the lead surface. The effect of volatile corrosion inhibitors mentioned in the literature (benzotriazole, cyclohexylamine carbonate, dicyclohexylamine nitrite, urotropine and sodium benzoate) was tested directly by weight loss measurement and by the resistometric method in humid atmosphere with various acetic acid vapour concentrations. The damage of lead was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The greatest inhibition efficiency in all corrosive atmospheres and for non-treated and corroded lead samples was achieved by cyclohexylamine carbonate.
铅对有机化合物的高度敏感性导致铅制品与有机材料(木材,胶水,皮革,纸张,塑料等)一起存放在博物馆或档案馆。在恶劣条件下(受有机化合物污染的环境,主要是乙酸)储存的铅的保护是基于使用缓蚀剂。这项工作的目的是测试在大气条件下高度升华的化合物,以及在铅表面形成保护聚合物层的良好能力。采用失重法和电阻法,在不同醋酸蒸汽浓度的潮湿气氛中,直接测试了文献中提到的挥发性缓蚀剂(苯并三唑、碳酸环己胺、亚硝酸盐二环己胺、乌洛托品和苯甲酸钠)的腐蚀效果。采用x射线衍射分析和扫描电镜对铅的损伤进行了表征。碳酸环己胺在所有腐蚀性气氛中以及对未处理和腐蚀的铅样品的缓蚀效率最高。
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引用次数: 0
Laser cladding of TIN based coatings for industrial bearings application 工业轴承用TIN基涂层的激光熔覆
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.37904/metal.2020.3573
M. Vostřák, Š. Houdková, J. Duliškovič, M. Hruška, Jiří Halml
The quality and friction properties of sliding surfaces in industrial bearing are fundamental to their performance. Tin-based coatings applied by centrifugal and static casting are commonly used for bearing lining. Due to limitations of this technology, alternatives for applying the tin-based lining are sought. This study focuses on one possible alternative to applying tin-based coatings – laser cladding. The influence of laser cladding processing parameters on the properties and applicability of tin-based coating is analyzed. The goal of the process optimization is to achieve high productivity with the well-bonded coating without defects. The microstructural of cladded coating as well as the adhesion properties and presented and discussed. The processing parameters which lead to coatings fulfilling manufacturer requirements are selected.
工业轴承滑动表面的质量和摩擦性能是其性能的基础。离心铸造和静态铸造锡基涂层常用于轴承衬层。由于该技术的局限性,人们正在寻找应用锡基衬里的替代方法。本研究的重点是应用锡基涂层的一种可能的替代方案-激光熔覆。分析了激光熔覆工艺参数对锡基涂层性能和适用性的影响。工艺优化的目标是在涂层粘合良好、无缺陷的情况下实现高生产率。介绍并讨论了包覆层的显微组织和附着力。选择使涂层满足制造商要求的工艺参数。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
METAL 2020 Conference Proeedings
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