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study of secondary phases in trip steel by advanced SEM and AFM Techniques 先进的扫描电镜和原子力显微镜技术对trip钢中二次相的研究
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.37904/metal.2020.3516
Š. Mikmeková, O. Ambrož, Veronika Hegrová, T. Aoyama
The paper aims to demonstrate a modern scanning electron microscope (SEM) as a powerful tool for visualization of the secondary phases in TRIP steel. The TRIP steel specimens prepared by various metallographic techniques were imaged by the SEM and the secondary phases presence was confirmed by an electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) technique. The chemical polishing by 5 % HF in H 2 O 2 for 10 seconds results in selective etching for each individual phase, as confirmed by an atomic force microscopy (AFM) and hybrid AFM-in-SEM techniques. The phases are easily distinguishable in the SEM micrographs created by the low energy high take-off angle signal electrons. The proposed sample preparation technique together with special SEM imaging conditions enables us accurate analysis of distribution of secondary phases within the TRIP steel matrix and moreover, the retained austenite is distinguishable from the martensite phase.
本文旨在展示现代扫描电子显微镜(SEM)作为TRIP钢中二次相可视化的有力工具。采用不同金相技术制备的TRIP钢试样进行了扫描电镜(SEM)成像,并通过电子背散射衍射(EBSD)技术证实了二次相的存在。原子力显微镜(AFM)和混合AFM-in- sem技术证实,在h2o2中用5% HF进行10秒的化学抛光可以对每个单独的相进行选择性蚀刻。在低能高发射角信号电子产生的SEM显微图中,相位很容易区分。所提出的样品制备技术和特殊的SEM成像条件使我们能够准确地分析TRIP钢基体中二次相的分布,并且可以区分残余的奥氏体和马氏体相。
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引用次数: 0
PHYSICAL MODELING OF HOT PLASTIC DEFORMATION PROCESS OF POWDER HIGH-SPEED STEEL ON THE GLEEBLE 3800 COMPLEX 粉末高速钢在3800复合体上热塑性变形过程的物理建模
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.37904/metal.2020.3504
M. Zamozdra, S. Ganin, V. Tsemenko
In the present work, obtained billets from powder high-speed steel by the HIP method. Samples were tested at various speeds and degrees of hot plastic deformation, which are modeled on the Gleeble-3800 complex. The total number of samples is 8. The generalized experimental results cover almost the entire range of high-speed deformation modes of hot rolling mills and can be used to develop technological processes for metal forming when producing blanks for cutting tools in a wide size range.
在本工作中,采用热液相法对粉末高速钢进行了钢坯的制备。样品在不同的速度和热塑性变形程度下进行了测试,这是在Gleeble-3800复合体上建模的。样本总数为8。推广的实验结果几乎涵盖了热轧机高速变形模式的全部范围,可用于开发大尺寸范围内刀具毛坯的金属成形工艺。
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引用次数: 0
ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT OF chosen rolling mill IN POLAND 波兰选定轧钢厂生产设备评价
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.37904/metal.2020.3647
M. Ingaldi, M. Mazur
Appropriate maintenance of machinery and production equipment allows for smooth production, eliminates downtime related to failures, improves work safety and improves the productivity of an enterprise. Well-functioning machines allow for production of high-quality products. This is an important topic especially in enterprises of the metallurgical industry due to the specificity. They usually work in system 24/7, what is more, machines and devices are used in the most effective way possible. In addition, an important factor is the ability to produce products with appropriate quality parameters, because many of these products are used, e.g. in various machines, vehicles, constructions or buildings. The purpose of the paper was to assess the production devices of one of the rolling mills in Poland in terms of its condition and use. Chosen technical and technological indicators typical of metallurgical enterprises were used for this assessment. This research covered 5 consecutive years. Slight fluctuations in the values of the research indicators were noted, which is why the machine breaks were additionally examined.
对机器和生产设备进行适当的维护,可以使生产顺利进行,消除与故障有关的停机时间,提高工作安全性,提高企业的生产率。运转良好的机器可以生产出高质量的产品。由于其特殊性,这是一个重要的课题,特别是在冶金行业的企业中。他们通常24/7全天候工作,更重要的是,机器和设备以最有效的方式使用。此外,一个重要的因素是生产具有适当质量参数的产品的能力,因为这些产品中的许多产品用于各种机器,车辆,建筑物或建筑物。本文的目的是评估生产设备的条件和使用方面的波兰轧机之一。选取具有代表性的冶金企业技术指标进行评价。这项研究连续进行了5年。注意到研究指标的值有轻微波动,这就是为什么对机器断裂进行额外检查的原因。
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引用次数: 0
The topography change of electrode tips at resistance welding of deep drawn steel DC05+ZE 深拉钢DC05+ZE电阻焊时电极尖端形貌的变化
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.37904/metal.2020.3529
M. Kolaříková, L. Kolařík, V. Králík, Jan Sova
During resistance welding, the electrode tips are significantly worn. The amount of wear is strongly dependent on the welded material, the surface treatment of the welded sheet, the thickness of the surface treatment, the welding parameters and, last but not least, especially on the number of performed welds. The paper describes the change in topography (RedLux optical profilometer) and roughness (Mitutoyo roughness tester) of the contact surface of the electrode tip during the wear process (thus depending on the number of welds performed). It also deals with the change of welding parameters due to the change in the size of the actual contact area. Deep drawing steel DC05 + ZE (EN 10152) electrolytically coated with Zn (with a total thickness h = 0.7 mm and a zinc coating thickness of 4.5 μm) was used as the experimental material. The roughness of the contact surface increases evenly. It reaches a maximum after about 100 welds and then decreases. The welding current also increases evenly. It is kept constant between 200 and 350 welds and then grows again.
在电阻焊过程中,电极尖端磨损明显。磨损量在很大程度上取决于焊接材料、焊接板的表面处理、表面处理的厚度、焊接参数,最后但并非最不重要的是,特别是与进行的焊接次数有关。本文描述了在磨损过程中电极尖端接触面的形貌(RedLux光学轮廓仪)和粗糙度(Mitutoyo粗糙度测试仪)的变化(因此取决于所进行的焊接数量)。同时还处理了由于实际接触面积大小的变化而引起的焊接参数的变化。实验材料选用电镀锌深冲钢DC05 + ZE (EN 10152)(总厚度h = 0.7 mm,镀锌层厚度为4.5 μm)。接触面粗糙度均匀增加。在约100次焊接后达到最大值,然后减小。焊接电流也均匀增大。它在200到350个焊缝之间保持恒定,然后再次增长。
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引用次数: 0
EFFECT OF COBALT AND TITANIUM ADDITIONS ON CORROSION AND WEAR RESISTANCE OF NICKEL CONTAINING ALUMINUM BRONZES 钴和钛对含镍铝青铜耐蚀性和耐磨性的影响
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.37904/metal.2020.3616
Aleattin Kulakli, F. E. Şeşen, Talip Çitrak, Tuba Özeren
CuAl10Ni5Fe4 aluminum bronzes have better corrosion resistance and higher wear resistance at high temperatures compared to other copper alloys. In this study, the effect of cobalt (Co) and titanium (Ti), which were added in the amount of 0.5 % as a grain refiner, on the properties of nickel-containing aluminum bronze (CuAl10Ni5Fe4 alloy) was investigated in cast and forged conditions. The alloys were produced by melting scrap in a metal induction furnace, pouring molten metal into a mould made of steel and hot forging processes. In order to examine the effect of grain refiners on the phase structure of the alloys, microstructural examination was also conducted. Microhardness and mechanical properties were measured using the relevant test devices. Potentiodynamic corrosion tests were performed in a neutral NaCl solution to determine the corrosion rates of the forged alloys. Furthermore, wear behaviour of alloys under a 40 N load was investigated. It has emerged from the general results that cobalt and titanium elements are highly effective in grain size reduction, leading to an improvement in the mechanical properties, corrosion and wear resistance of the CuAl10Ni5Fe4 alloy.
与其他铜合金相比,CuAl10Ni5Fe4铝青铜具有更好的耐蚀性和高温耐磨性。本文研究了在铸造和锻造条件下,以0.5%的晶粒细化剂添加钴(Co)和钛(Ti)对含镍铝青铜(CuAl10Ni5Fe4合金)性能的影响。这些合金是通过在金属感应炉中熔化废料,将熔融金属倒入钢制模具和热锻工艺生产的。为了研究晶粒细化剂对合金相组织的影响,还进行了显微组织检查。采用相应的测试装置测量了显微硬度和力学性能。在中性NaCl溶液中进行动电位腐蚀试验,以确定锻造合金的腐蚀速率。此外,还研究了合金在40n载荷下的磨损行为。从总体结果可以看出,钴和钛元素对CuAl10Ni5Fe4合金的晶粒尺寸减小非常有效,从而提高了CuAl10Ni5Fe4合金的力学性能、耐蚀性和耐磨性。
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引用次数: 0
STUDYING THE SELF-ORGANIZATION OF MACROMOLECULES ON THE SURFACE OF TEXTURED POLYMER COATING OF METAL SHEET 研究了金属薄板结构聚合物涂层表面大分子的自组织
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.37904/metal.2020.3566
O. Maksimova, V. Smirnov, S. Osipov, E. Menshikov, A. Maksimov, V. I. Egorov, A. Trifanova, Aleksander Baidzhanov, N. Osipova
To describe a surface morphology of textured polymer coatings, the model of polymer chains attached to spherical granules was developed. By means of the model, we revealed the influence of coating density on its surface morphology. Diffuse reflection coefficient was calculated for polymer coatings with different morphologies.
为了描述聚合物涂层的表面形貌,建立了聚合物链附着在球形颗粒上的模型。通过该模型揭示了涂层密度对其表面形貌的影响。计算了不同形貌聚合物涂层的漫反射系数。
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引用次数: 0
Advantages and limitations of using the QFD method in the production of copper PRODUCTS – CASE study 在铜产品生产中使用QFD方法的优点和局限性-案例研究
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.37904/metal.2020.3655
M. Jagusiak-Kocik
In the paper customer preferences regarding copper wires were determined, special attention to the technical characteristics of wires were focused, that would meet customer expectations. To build a quality house, information from direct production employees as well as technologists and constructors were used. The application of the QFD method allowed of rendition of consumer requirements (customer voice) into technological parameters.
在论文中,确定了客户对铜线的偏好,特别注意电线的技术特性,这将满足客户的期望。为了建造一个高质量的房子,我们使用了直接生产员工以及技术人员和施工人员的信息。QFD方法的应用允许将消费者需求(顾客声音)转化为技术参数。
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引用次数: 0
INVESTIGATION OF THE PROCESS WINDOW FOR DEFORMATION INDUCED FERRITE TO IMPROVE THE JOINABILITY OF PRESS-HARDENED COMPONENTS 形变诱导铁素体提高冲压硬化件焊接性能的工艺窗口研究
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.37904/metal.2020.3523
B. Behrens, K. Brunotte, H. Wester, E. Stockburger
Due to their high tensile strengths increasing the crashworthiness of the vehicles, ultra-high strength steels are increasingly used in the automotive industry, for example in components like B-pillars or tunnel. 22MnB5 is a premier candidate for this cause, since it can be press-hardened and phase-transformed into the martensitic phase, resulting in high hardness and tensile strength. However, complications can arise in the assembly of press-hardened components since conventional mechanical joining processes have their limitations due to high forces required for joining press-hardened steels, especially in multi-sheet layers. Therefore, this study focuses on the determination of an optimum process window to influence the 22MnB5 microstructure thermo-mechanically during press hardening, causing a local softening. This so-called deformation-induced ferrite improves ductility at the desired locations to ease the mechanical joining operation in the assembly. Investigations are performed on a forming dilatometer varying the cooling rate, the introduced amount of plastic strain and the forming temperature along with metallographic as well as microhardness measurements. Based on the laboratory tests, a process window of the deformation induced ferrite is derived for an application in a forming press.
由于超高强度钢的高抗拉强度增加了车辆的耐撞性,超高强度钢越来越多地用于汽车工业,例如b柱或隧道等部件。22MnB5是这一原因的首要候选者,因为它可以被压硬化并相转变为马氏体相,从而获得高硬度和抗拉强度。然而,由于传统的机械连接工艺在连接压硬化钢时需要很高的力,特别是在多层板材中,因此在装配压硬化部件时可能会出现并发症。因此,本研究的重点是确定最佳工艺窗口,以影响22MnB5在压力硬化过程中的热机械微观结构,导致局部软化。这种所谓的变形诱导铁素体提高了所需位置的延展性,从而简化了装配中的机械连接操作。在成形膨胀仪上进行了研究,改变了冷却速度、引入的塑性应变量和成形温度,以及金相和显微硬度测量。在室内试验的基础上,导出了在成形压力机中应用的变形诱导铁氧体的过程窗口。
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引用次数: 2
AUTOMATION OF THE SHIPPING PROCESS OF METALLURGICAL PRODUCTS 冶金产品运输过程的自动化
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.37904/metal.2020.3639
Tomáš Kutáč, Josef Kutáč, E. Švecová
This article explores the options for automating the process involved in shipping metallurgical products. The shipping process usually begins with the logistics team entering a request for shipping into the information system after production is complete. The team then searches for a contracted transport company, selects the least expensive from the available options, creates an order in the system, contacts the selected company, and before commencing with shipment, enters the vehicle and driver information into the system. Under the desired solution, this entire process would be automated with a web application, with only the driver and vehicle information being entered by the transport company.
本文探讨了运输冶金产品所涉及的自动化过程的选项。运输过程通常从物流团队在生产完成后向信息系统输入运输请求开始。然后,团队搜索签约的运输公司,从可用选项中选择最便宜的运输公司,在系统中创建订单,联系选定的公司,在开始运输之前,将车辆和驾驶员信息输入系统。在理想的解决方案下,整个过程将通过web应用程序实现自动化,运输公司只需要输入驾驶员和车辆信息。
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引用次数: 0
DEVELOPMENT OF CHROMATE-FREE PASSIVATION PROCESSES FOR MAGNESIUM ALLOY AZ31B az31b镁合金无铬钝化工艺的发展
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.37904/metal.2020.3550
M. Šimonová, A. Abrashov, N. Grigoryan, T. Vagramyan, V. Men'shikov
The disadvantage of magnesium alloys is their low corrosion resistance due to high electronegativity. One of the most effective methods to improve the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys is to form a conversion adhesive coating on their surface, followed by applying paintwork materials. Chromatic coatings are widely used as adhesion layers under the paintwork before staining magnesium and its alloys. In recent years, in world practice, as an alternative to chromate layers on magnesium and its alloys, nanoscale conversion titanand/or zirconiumcontaining, and cerium-containing adhesive coatings have been used. The present work is devoted to the development of the technology for producing these coatings. It has been established that the developed passivating coatings based on the AZ31B magnesium alloy are comparable with chromate coatings in terms of corrosion resistance and protective ability. It has been established that coatings with developed adhesive sublayers have a higher adhesion strength to the base compared to coatings with chromate adhesive sublayer.
镁合金的缺点是电负性高,耐腐蚀性低。提高镁合金耐腐蚀性能最有效的方法之一是在镁合金表面形成转化胶粘剂涂层,然后再涂漆材料。在对镁及其合金进行染色之前,彩色涂料被广泛用作油漆表面的附着层。近年来,在世界各国的实践中,作为镁及其合金表面铬酸盐层的替代品,纳米级转化钛和/或含锆和含铈的粘接涂层已被广泛应用。本文的工作是致力于开发生产这些涂层的技术。结果表明,制备的AZ31B镁合金钝化涂层在耐蚀性能和防护性能上可与铬酸盐涂层相媲美。研究结果表明,与含铬酸盐的涂层相比,含铬酸盐的涂层对基体的粘附强度更高。
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引用次数: 0
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METAL 2020 Conference Proeedings
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