Pub Date : 2024-04-23DOI: 10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i41439
Ouattara S, Yao K. L., Thes P. M. Épse Soumahoro, Yapo A. F, Yapi A, Zirihi G. N, Djaman A. J.
Introduction: Many modern antifungal drugs have limits in terms of germ resistance, and to remedy this, plant compounds are being explored to find new more effective principles. Aim: With the aim of complementing the efforts of modern medicine against viral, bacterial, parasitic and fungal diseases, the plant extract of 80% hydroalcoholic grapefruit seed extract of Citrus paradisi was tested on the in vitro growth of Trichophyton rubrum. Methods: Antifungal tests were carried out on Sabouraud medium, to which the plant extracts were incorporated using the double dilution method in inclined tubes. A 10 µL volume of the Trichophyton rubrum suspension was inoculated on the culture medium contained in the test tubes. Results: Results showed that Trichophyton rubrum was sensitive to the 80% hydroethanolic extract of Citrus paradisi in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: The hydroethanolic extract may be a source for the development of Traditional Improved Medicines (TIM) against skin mycosis.
{"title":"In vitro Growth of Trichophyton Rubrum in the Presence of 80% Ethanolic Extract of Grapefruit Pepins as Antifungal Agent","authors":"Ouattara S, Yao K. L., Thes P. M. Épse Soumahoro, Yapo A. F, Yapi A, Zirihi G. N, Djaman A. J.","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i41439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i41439","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Many modern antifungal drugs have limits in terms of germ resistance, and to remedy this, plant compounds are being explored to find new more effective principles.\u0000Aim: With the aim of complementing the efforts of modern medicine against viral, bacterial, parasitic and fungal diseases, the plant extract of 80% hydroalcoholic grapefruit seed extract of Citrus paradisi was tested on the in vitro growth of Trichophyton rubrum.\u0000Methods: Antifungal tests were carried out on Sabouraud medium, to which the plant extracts were incorporated using the double dilution method in inclined tubes. A 10 µL volume of the Trichophyton rubrum suspension was inoculated on the culture medium contained in the test tubes.\u0000Results: Results showed that Trichophyton rubrum was sensitive to the 80% hydroethanolic extract of Citrus paradisi in a dose-dependent manner.\u0000Conclusion: The hydroethanolic extract may be a source for the development of Traditional Improved Medicines (TIM) against skin mycosis.","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"38 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140667327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-19DOI: 10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i41438
S. Dossim, L. Bawe, K. M. Dossouvi, D. Maba, Abdoul-Aziz Lawani, A. M. Godonou, Essokedi Tchedie, M. Salou, Anoumou Y. Dagnra, Mireille Prince-David
Aims: Bacteria isolated from hospitalized patients are often responsible for healthcare-associated infections (HAI), particularly in developing countries. Thus, this study aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance profiles of bacteria isolated from patients hospitalized at the Sylvanus Olympio University Teaching Hospital (CHUSO) in Lomé, Togo. Study Design: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out on laboratory data collected from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2019. Methodology: The Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was used for antibiotic susceptibility testing and the results were interpreted according to the guidelines of the Antibiogram Committee of the French Society of Microbiology (CA-SFM, 2018). Results: A total of 639 samples were collected, including mainly pus (n = 339; 53.1%) and urine (n = 260; 40.7%). The samples were mainly from pediatrics (n=107; 16.7%), intensive care units (n=73; 11.4%) and surgical emergencies (n=72; 11.3%). A total of 698 bacteria were isolated, including mainly Escherichia coli (n=247, 35.4%), Staphylococcus aureus (n=123, 17.6%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=114, 16.3%). Enterobacteriaceae strains were resistant to almost all antibiotics tested, except amikacin and ertapenem, which had respective resistance rates of 2.8% and 8.4%. None of the P. aeruginosa strains were resistant to piperacillin-tazobactam. whereas 37.9% were resistant to imipenem. Among A. baumannii strains, 4.2% and 22.9% were respectively resistant to amikacin and imipenem, whereas 56.3% were resistant to levofloxacin. Almost all S. aureus strains (99.2%) were resistant to penicillin, whereas only 2.4% were resistant to rifampicin. Of the 698 bacteria isolated, the prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR) was 41.3% (n = 288), whereas the prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae was 51.3% (201/392). Conclusion: We reported various resistance profiles of bacterial species isolated from hospitalized patients at the CHU Sylvanus Olympio, Lomé, Togo. The study of bacterial ecology and resistance in every prefectural, regional, and university teaching hospital would be of great importance to reduce mortality associated with hospital-acquired infections throughout the Togolese territory.
{"title":"Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Bacteria Isolated from Patients Hospitalized at the Sylvanus Olympio University Teaching Hospital in Lomé, Togo","authors":"S. Dossim, L. Bawe, K. M. Dossouvi, D. Maba, Abdoul-Aziz Lawani, A. M. Godonou, Essokedi Tchedie, M. Salou, Anoumou Y. Dagnra, Mireille Prince-David","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i41438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i41438","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Bacteria isolated from hospitalized patients are often responsible for healthcare-associated infections (HAI), particularly in developing countries. Thus, this study aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance profiles of bacteria isolated from patients hospitalized at the Sylvanus Olympio University Teaching Hospital (CHUSO) in Lomé, Togo. \u0000Study Design: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out on laboratory data collected from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2019. \u0000Methodology: The Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was used for antibiotic susceptibility testing and the results were interpreted according to the guidelines of the Antibiogram Committee of the French Society of Microbiology (CA-SFM, 2018). \u0000Results: A total of 639 samples were collected, including mainly pus (n = 339; 53.1%) and urine (n = 260; 40.7%). The samples were mainly from pediatrics (n=107; 16.7%), intensive care units (n=73; 11.4%) and surgical emergencies (n=72; 11.3%). A total of 698 bacteria were isolated, including mainly Escherichia coli (n=247, 35.4%), Staphylococcus aureus (n=123, 17.6%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=114, 16.3%). Enterobacteriaceae strains were resistant to almost all antibiotics tested, except amikacin and ertapenem, which had respective resistance rates of 2.8% and 8.4%. None of the P. aeruginosa strains were resistant to piperacillin-tazobactam. whereas 37.9% were resistant to imipenem. Among A. baumannii strains, 4.2% and 22.9% were respectively resistant to amikacin and imipenem, whereas 56.3% were resistant to levofloxacin. Almost all S. aureus strains (99.2%) were resistant to penicillin, whereas only 2.4% were resistant to rifampicin. Of the 698 bacteria isolated, the prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR) was 41.3% (n = 288), whereas the prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae was 51.3% (201/392). \u0000Conclusion: We reported various resistance profiles of bacterial species isolated from hospitalized patients at the CHU Sylvanus Olympio, Lomé, Togo. The study of bacterial ecology and resistance in every prefectural, regional, and university teaching hospital would be of great importance to reduce mortality associated with hospital-acquired infections throughout the Togolese territory.","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140684093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-12DOI: 10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i41437
J. Manoj, Rajesh Chhabra, Mahavir Singh, Manoj Kumar Singh
Mastitis affects dairy animal’s productivity and causes financial losses for dairy farmers in India and across the world. In this study, a total of 52,494 quarter milk samples from 14,381 bovines were screened for the primary microorganisms causing mastitis in Hisar and adjoining districts of Haryana and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns were analyzed. The cultural positivity from subclinical form of mastitis was observed as 86.32% and 87.73% from cows and buffaloes, respectively while that from clinical mastitis was 87.36% and 87.57%. The major Gram positive bacterial pathogens associated with mastitis in the entire study period were found as Staphylococcus species with an average incidence rate of 45.53% and 44.1% from cows and buffaloes, respectively. The Streptococcus species were found to be 33.76% and 29.94% of total isolates. Escherichia coli were the most predominant Gram negative bacteria isolated (17.37% and 13.85%), thereafter Klebsiella spp. (5.54% and 5.19%) from both cows and buffaloes. A significant proportion of clinical cases of mastitis were chronic in nature from both the species of bovines. The incidence of mastitis with respect to different lactation number and lactation months was found as significant. The highest incidences of mastitis was observed in the first lactation among buffaloes (20.69%), while the maximum incidences were observed in second and third lactation in cows with 16.59% and 16.99%, respectively. However, in both the species maximum occurrence of mastitis was observed during the first lactational month. The antibiotic sensitivity patterns of most of the isolates had shown higher sensitivity towards enrofloxacin and gentamicin, while the penicillin had shown least sensitivity. The knowledge regarding the mastitis causing pathogens and their sensitivity pattern in Hisar and adjoining districts of Haryana enables the veterinarians to adopt for the proper treatment protocols and dairy farmers to assure optimal health, welfare and productivity of bovines in the State, in turn reducing antimicrobial resistance.
{"title":"A Temporal Study on Incidence of Bovine Mastitis in Haryana, India","authors":"J. Manoj, Rajesh Chhabra, Mahavir Singh, Manoj Kumar Singh","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i41437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i41437","url":null,"abstract":"Mastitis affects dairy animal’s productivity and causes financial losses for dairy farmers in India and across the world. In this study, a total of 52,494 quarter milk samples from 14,381 bovines were screened for the primary microorganisms causing mastitis in Hisar and adjoining districts of Haryana and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns were analyzed. The cultural positivity from subclinical form of mastitis was observed as 86.32% and 87.73% from cows and buffaloes, respectively while that from clinical mastitis was 87.36% and 87.57%. The major Gram positive bacterial pathogens associated with mastitis in the entire study period were found as Staphylococcus species with an average incidence rate of 45.53% and 44.1% from cows and buffaloes, respectively. The Streptococcus species were found to be 33.76% and 29.94% of total isolates. Escherichia coli were the most predominant Gram negative bacteria isolated (17.37% and 13.85%), thereafter Klebsiella spp. (5.54% and 5.19%) from both cows and buffaloes. A significant proportion of clinical cases of mastitis were chronic in nature from both the species of bovines. The incidence of mastitis with respect to different lactation number and lactation months was found as significant. The highest incidences of mastitis was observed in the first lactation among buffaloes (20.69%), while the maximum incidences were observed in second and third lactation in cows with 16.59% and 16.99%, respectively. However, in both the species maximum occurrence of mastitis was observed during the first lactational month. The antibiotic sensitivity patterns of most of the isolates had shown higher sensitivity towards enrofloxacin and gentamicin, while the penicillin had shown least sensitivity. The knowledge regarding the mastitis causing pathogens and their sensitivity pattern in Hisar and adjoining districts of Haryana enables the veterinarians to adopt for the proper treatment protocols and dairy farmers to assure optimal health, welfare and productivity of bovines in the State, in turn reducing antimicrobial resistance.","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"41 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140709923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-10DOI: 10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i31436
Arinze Anthony Onwuegbuna, A. Apakama, U. Eze, Emeka Akujuobi Chianakwalam, C. Ezeude, B. C. Ochiogu, C. Chigbo, G. Eleje
Background: The hepatitis C virus causes serious morbidity and mortality and is a global public health concern. Aim: To ascertain adult patients’ awareness of hepatitis C in a specialist eye clinic in Anambra State, Nigeria. Methods: A pretested, semi-structured questionnaire administered by interviewers and also self-administered by participants was used in this prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study to ascertain the awareness of hepatitis C among adults visiting a specialist eye clinic in Anambra State, Nigeria. Descriptive variables and tests of significance were used in the analysis of data on socio demographics, awareness, and knowledge of hepatitis C. The COUTH Ethics committee granted ethical approval. Results: Because they met the inclusion criteria, 264 people in total took part in this survey. With an age range of 20–87 years, there were 110 (41.7%) males and 154 (58.3%) females, with a ratio of 1:1.4. The average age was 60.6 +/- 14.8 years. The majority of the 149(56.4%) participants were unaware of HCV infection while 258 (97.8%) were unaware of the method by which HCV is spread. Conclusion: In Nigeria, adult patients who visit eye clinics have low knowledge of hepatitis C.
{"title":"Limited Awareness of HCV among Ophthalmic Patients in Nigeria","authors":"Arinze Anthony Onwuegbuna, A. Apakama, U. Eze, Emeka Akujuobi Chianakwalam, C. Ezeude, B. C. Ochiogu, C. Chigbo, G. Eleje","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i31436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i31436","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The hepatitis C virus causes serious morbidity and mortality and is a global public health concern. \u0000Aim: To ascertain adult patients’ awareness of hepatitis C in a specialist eye clinic in Anambra State, Nigeria. \u0000Methods: A pretested, semi-structured questionnaire administered by interviewers and also self-administered by participants was used in this prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study to ascertain the awareness of hepatitis C among adults visiting a specialist eye clinic in Anambra State, Nigeria. Descriptive variables and tests of significance were used in the analysis of data on socio demographics, awareness, and knowledge of hepatitis C. The COUTH Ethics committee granted ethical approval. \u0000Results: Because they met the inclusion criteria, 264 people in total took part in this survey. With an age range of 20–87 years, there were 110 (41.7%) males and 154 (58.3%) females, with a ratio of 1:1.4. The average age was 60.6 +/- 14.8 years. The majority of the 149(56.4%) participants were unaware of HCV infection while 258 (97.8%) were unaware of the method by which HCV is spread. \u0000Conclusion: In Nigeria, adult patients who visit eye clinics have low knowledge of hepatitis C.","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140720926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i31434
Nitesh Kumar Singh, A. Rai
Soil microbiome diversity plays a pivotal role in shaping terrestrial ecosystems and the myriad functions. This comprehensive review delves into the intricate dynamics of soil microbial communities, exploring their composition, interactions, and responses to environmental factors. By synthesizing findings from cutting-edge research, we aim to elucidate the complex interplay between soil microbiome diversity and ecosystem functioning. We discuss the application of advanced techniques, such as high-throughput sequencing and metagenomic analysis, which have revolutionized our understanding of soil microbial diversity. The review highlights the influence of biotic and abiotic factors, including plant diversity, soil properties, climate, and land-use practices, on the structure and diversity of soil microbial communities. We examine the mechanisms through which soil microbes drive critical ecosystem processes, such as nutrient cycling, carbon sequestration, and plant productivity. The review also explores the resilience and adaptability of soil microbial communities in the face of global change pressures, such as climate change, land-use intensification, and biodiversity loss. We discuss the potential implications of altered soil microbiome diversity for ecosystem functioning and the provision of essential ecosystem services. Furthermore, we identify knowledge gaps and propose future research directions to advance our understanding of soil microbiome diversity and its role in maintaining healthy and productive ecosystems. This review provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the complex dynamics of soil microbiome diversity and underscores its critical importance in shaping the functioning and sustainability of terrestrial ecosystems in a changing world.
{"title":"Unraveling the Complex Dynamics of Soil Microbiome Diversity and Its Implications for Ecosystem Functioning: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"Nitesh Kumar Singh, A. Rai","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i31434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i31434","url":null,"abstract":"Soil microbiome diversity plays a pivotal role in shaping terrestrial ecosystems and the myriad functions. This comprehensive review delves into the intricate dynamics of soil microbial communities, exploring their composition, interactions, and responses to environmental factors. By synthesizing findings from cutting-edge research, we aim to elucidate the complex interplay between soil microbiome diversity and ecosystem functioning. We discuss the application of advanced techniques, such as high-throughput sequencing and metagenomic analysis, which have revolutionized our understanding of soil microbial diversity. The review highlights the influence of biotic and abiotic factors, including plant diversity, soil properties, climate, and land-use practices, on the structure and diversity of soil microbial communities. We examine the mechanisms through which soil microbes drive critical ecosystem processes, such as nutrient cycling, carbon sequestration, and plant productivity. The review also explores the resilience and adaptability of soil microbial communities in the face of global change pressures, such as climate change, land-use intensification, and biodiversity loss. We discuss the potential implications of altered soil microbiome diversity for ecosystem functioning and the provision of essential ecosystem services. Furthermore, we identify knowledge gaps and propose future research directions to advance our understanding of soil microbiome diversity and its role in maintaining healthy and productive ecosystems. This review provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the complex dynamics of soil microbiome diversity and underscores its critical importance in shaping the functioning and sustainability of terrestrial ecosystems in a changing world.","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"23 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140754824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i31433
Richa Singh, Seema Sonkar
The study was carried out for determining of the shelf life of the instant soup mix powder prepared using dried Malabar spinach leaves powder, tomato powder, moong dal powder and other main ingredients. Malabar spinach Instant soup mix powder formulated with 4 g of Malabar spinach leaves powder (MSLP), 20 g of moong dal powder (MDP), and 11 g of tomato powder (TP) along with other ingredients was liked extremely by 26.66 per cent of panel members, 60 per cent panellist liked it very much, and 13.33 per cent of panel members was liked it moderately after control treatment T0 (TP: MDP, 13:22g and 0g MSLP). The samples of instant soup mixes were packed into low density polyethylene (LDPE) and were analyzed periodically for change in quality. During 90 days of storage, there was a slight increase in the moisture content of the instant soup mix powder. In control instant soup mix powder (TP: MDP, 13:22g and 0g MSLP), moisture was initially 3.37 per cent which gradually increased to 3.46 per cent at the end of the period. The moisture content of the Malabar spinach instant soup mix powder for treatments T1, T2, T3, and T4 increased incrementally, following the same pattern. This finding was consistent across all treatments, indicating a clear trend. Total plate count indicates absence of microbial load during the storage period. The results of this investigation suggested that instant soup mixes could be kept in LDPE pouches at refrigerated temperature for ninety days without experiencing any quality deterioration.
{"title":"An Exploratory Analysis of the Stability and Quality of Instant Soup Mix Powder Incorporated with Malabar Spinach Leaves Powder under Refrigerated Conditions","authors":"Richa Singh, Seema Sonkar","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i31433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i31433","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out for determining of the shelf life of the instant soup mix powder prepared using dried Malabar spinach leaves powder, tomato powder, moong dal powder and other main ingredients. Malabar spinach Instant soup mix powder formulated with 4 g of Malabar spinach leaves powder (MSLP), 20 g of moong dal powder (MDP), and 11 g of tomato powder (TP) along with other ingredients was liked extremely by 26.66 per cent of panel members, 60 per cent panellist liked it very much, and 13.33 per cent of panel members was liked it moderately after control treatment T0 (TP: MDP, 13:22g and 0g MSLP). The samples of instant soup mixes were packed into low density polyethylene (LDPE) and were analyzed periodically for change in quality. During 90 days of storage, there was a slight increase in the moisture content of the instant soup mix powder. In control instant soup mix powder (TP: MDP, 13:22g and 0g MSLP), moisture was initially 3.37 per cent which gradually increased to 3.46 per cent at the end of the period. The moisture content of the Malabar spinach instant soup mix powder for treatments T1, T2, T3, and T4 increased incrementally, following the same pattern. This finding was consistent across all treatments, indicating a clear trend. Total plate count indicates absence of microbial load during the storage period. The results of this investigation suggested that instant soup mixes could be kept in LDPE pouches at refrigerated temperature for ninety days without experiencing any quality deterioration.","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"26 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140766617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-30DOI: 10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i31432
Shendge V. S., Sunita J. Magar, S. D. Somwanshi
Present investigation on Mycosynthesis of silver nanoparticles and antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici in tomato was carried out at department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Latur to find out antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici in tomato. Mycosynthesis of silver nanoparticles produced from the fungus Trichoderma harzianum. Characterization of silver nanoparticles were carried out by UV-Vis spectroscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) which revealed that synthesized nanoparticles were having the UV absorption peak at 420 nm and nanoprticle size was 50 nm. Silver nanoparticles demonstrated significant antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici in tomato by using Agar well diffusion method and Poisoned food technique. In Agar well diffusion method, the highest zone of inhibition 18.66 mm was recorded at 100 ppm concentration than other treatments. In poisoned food technique, the suspension of silver nanoparticles at 100 ppm concentration recorded highest (75.19%) inhibition. This was followed by 50 ppm, 30 ppm, 10 ppm conc. and Trichoderma culture filtrate which recorded 66.67%, 58.89%, 54.45% and 51.45% inhibition, respectively. Growth of the Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici in tomato decreased drastically with increase in the concentration of the silver nanoparticles.
拉图尔农学院植物病理学系对纳米银颗粒的菌体合成和纳米银颗粒对番茄中的镰孢菌（Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici）的抗真菌活性进行了调查，以找出纳米银颗粒对番茄中的镰孢菌（Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici）的抗真菌活性。利用紫外可见光谱和透射电子显微镜（TEM）对纳米银粒子进行了表征，结果表明合成的纳米粒子在 420 纳米处有紫外吸收峰，纳米粒子大小为 50 纳米。采用琼脂井扩散法和有毒食品技术，纳米银粒子对番茄中的镰孢菌（Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici）具有显著的抗真菌活性。在毒食技术中，100 ppm 浓度的纳米银悬浮液的抑制率最高（75.19%）。随着纳米银颗粒浓度的增加，番茄中的 Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici 的生长急剧下降。
{"title":"In vitro Antifungal Efficacy of Silver Nanoparticles against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici in Tomato","authors":"Shendge V. S., Sunita J. Magar, S. D. Somwanshi","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i31432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i31432","url":null,"abstract":"Present investigation on Mycosynthesis of silver nanoparticles and antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici in tomato was carried out at department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Latur to find out antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici in tomato.\u0000Mycosynthesis of silver nanoparticles produced from the fungus Trichoderma harzianum. Characterization of silver nanoparticles were carried out by UV-Vis spectroscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) which revealed that synthesized nanoparticles were having the UV absorption peak at 420 nm and nanoprticle size was 50 nm. Silver nanoparticles demonstrated significant antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici in tomato by using Agar well diffusion method and Poisoned food technique.\u0000In Agar well diffusion method, the highest zone of inhibition 18.66 mm was recorded at 100 ppm concentration than other treatments. In poisoned food technique, the suspension of silver nanoparticles at 100 ppm concentration recorded highest (75.19%) inhibition. This was followed by 50 ppm, 30 ppm, 10 ppm conc. and Trichoderma culture filtrate which recorded 66.67%, 58.89%, 54.45% and 51.45% inhibition, respectively.\u0000Growth of the Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici in tomato decreased drastically with increase in the concentration of the silver nanoparticles.","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"48 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140361706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aims: The present work investigates the hypoglycemic effect of fermented seeds of Parkia biglobosa (PB, African locust beans) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Its effect was compared with that of unfermented Parkia biglobosa. Methodology: In order to assess the hypoglycemic effects of the fermented seeds on experimental animals, fasting blood sugar (FBS), total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were determined. The microbiota analysis of the fecal sample was also determined. Result: Alloxan administered to the rats significantly increased the FBS of the test animals. However, dietary supplementation with fermented PB for three weeks ameliorated the FBS of the rats like that of the unfermented group. The animals fed with fermented Parkia biglobosa gained weight like those fed with unfermented Parkia biglobosa. High levels of HDL and low levels of LDL were observed in animals treated with fermented Parkia biglobosa compared with low levels of HDL and high levels of LDL observed in animals treated with unfermented Parkia biglobosa. Conclusion: The results of this present study demonstrate that both fermented and unfermented seeds of Parkia biglobosa exert a hypoglycemic effect. Hence, Parkia biglobosa has an anti-diabetic property with fermented form seemingly better.
{"title":"Comparative Effects of Fermented and Unfermented Parkia biglobosa Bean Seeds in Diabetic Induced Experimental Rats","authors":"Omodara, Tolani Rachael, Awoyinka, Olayinka Anthony, Omojokun, Ayomide Olubunmi","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i21431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i21431","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The present work investigates the hypoglycemic effect of fermented seeds of Parkia biglobosa (PB, African locust beans) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Its effect was compared with that of unfermented Parkia biglobosa. \u0000Methodology: In order to assess the hypoglycemic effects of the fermented seeds on experimental animals, fasting blood sugar (FBS), total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were determined. The microbiota analysis of the fecal sample was also determined. \u0000Result: Alloxan administered to the rats significantly increased the FBS of the test animals. However, dietary supplementation with fermented PB for three weeks ameliorated the FBS of the rats like that of the unfermented group. The animals fed with fermented Parkia biglobosa gained weight like those fed with unfermented Parkia biglobosa. High levels of HDL and low levels of LDL were observed in animals treated with fermented Parkia biglobosa compared with low levels of HDL and high levels of LDL observed in animals treated with unfermented Parkia biglobosa. \u0000Conclusion: The results of this present study demonstrate that both fermented and unfermented seeds of Parkia biglobosa exert a hypoglycemic effect. Hence, Parkia biglobosa has an anti-diabetic property with fermented form seemingly better.","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"106 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140379817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i21430
Eze Chinwe N, Owhoeli Ovutor, Goodhead Dakuru A, Nwankwo, FC
Aims: To determine the prevalence and distribution of gastrointestinal parasites, bacteria and fungi in Date, Wet Tiger nut, Dry Tiger nut, Kuli-kuli and kola nuts sold by roadside vendors in nine locations in Rivers State. Study Design: A total of 270 samples were procured randomly from roadside sellers. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Animal and Environmental Biology [parasitology unit), University of Port Harcourt, between March and July 2022. Methodology: The 270 samples were examined for gastrointestinal parasites using direct wet preparation and sedimentation techniques, while 135 of the samples selected based on type and location were examined for bacteria and fungi using standard microbial techniques. Results: Out of the 270 samples examined, 124(49.9%) were positive for gastrointestinal parasites as follows; Ascaris lumbricoides 52(19.3%), Ancylostoma spp 39(14.4%), Trichuris trichiura 19(7.0%) and Giardia lamblia 14(5.2%). dry Tiger nut recorded the highest prevalence 39(72.2%) and Kola nut 11(20.4%) had the least prevalence. Aluu had the highest prevalence 21(70.0%) while Rumuokoro recorded the least 3(10.0%) p=05. Of the 135 samples, 96(71.1%) was positive for bacteria while 19(14.1%) was positive for Candida species (fungi). The bacteria isolated were Escherichia coli 48(35.5%), Klebsiella species 32(23.7%) and Staphylococcus aureus 16(11.9%). Kola nut recorded the highest bacterial contamination 26(96.3%) and Date the lowest 10 (37.0). Samples from Choba had the highest bacterial contamination 12(80%) while Alakahia had the least bacterial contamination 7(46.7%) p=05. Dry Tiger nut 12(44.4%) and Wet Tiger nut 7(25.9%) were the only sample types with fungal contamination. Conclusion: Vendors and consumers should be educated on the possible health implications of poorly handled RTE foods, and government should implement and enforce sanitary rules to preserve the environmental quality of areas where RTE foods are being processed and sold.
{"title":"Parasitological, Bacterial and Fungal Evaluation of Some Ready-to-Eat Foods Sold by Vendors in Port Harcourt, Rivers State","authors":"Eze Chinwe N, Owhoeli Ovutor, Goodhead Dakuru A, Nwankwo, FC","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i21430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i21430","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To determine the prevalence and distribution of gastrointestinal parasites, bacteria and fungi in Date, Wet Tiger nut, Dry Tiger nut, Kuli-kuli and kola nuts sold by roadside vendors in nine locations in Rivers State.\u0000Study Design: A total of 270 samples were procured randomly from roadside sellers.\u0000Place and Duration of Study: Department of Animal and Environmental Biology [parasitology unit), University of Port Harcourt, between March and July 2022.\u0000Methodology: The 270 samples were examined for gastrointestinal parasites using direct wet preparation and sedimentation techniques, while 135 of the samples selected based on type and location were examined for bacteria and fungi using standard microbial techniques.\u0000Results: Out of the 270 samples examined, 124(49.9%) were positive for gastrointestinal parasites as follows; Ascaris lumbricoides 52(19.3%), Ancylostoma spp 39(14.4%), Trichuris trichiura 19(7.0%) and Giardia lamblia 14(5.2%). dry Tiger nut recorded the highest prevalence 39(72.2%) and Kola nut 11(20.4%) had the least prevalence. Aluu had the highest prevalence 21(70.0%) while Rumuokoro recorded the least 3(10.0%) p=05. Of the 135 samples, 96(71.1%) was positive for bacteria while 19(14.1%) was positive for Candida species (fungi). The bacteria isolated were Escherichia coli 48(35.5%), Klebsiella species 32(23.7%) and Staphylococcus aureus 16(11.9%). Kola nut recorded the highest bacterial contamination 26(96.3%) and Date the lowest 10 (37.0). Samples from Choba had the highest bacterial contamination 12(80%) while Alakahia had the least bacterial contamination 7(46.7%) p=05. Dry Tiger nut 12(44.4%) and Wet Tiger nut 7(25.9%) were the only sample types with fungal contamination.\u0000Conclusion: Vendors and consumers should be educated on the possible health implications of poorly handled RTE foods, and government should implement and enforce sanitary rules to preserve the environmental quality of areas where RTE foods are being processed and sold.","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"119 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140238095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-14DOI: 10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i21429
S. R. Darshitha, Lakshmeesha, R, Chaithrashree, B. N., Harish, J., Manoj Kumar H. B., K. M. H. Kumar, Shymalamma, S.
Plant extracts constitutes versatile phytochemicals which can be substituted with commercial synthetic chemicals to inhibit the growth of pathogens. In this study, the methanol and aqueous extracts of guava, jackfruit, tulsi, peppermint and eucalyptus leaves were evaluated in-vitro against Aspergillus niger and Fusarium solani isolated from Pomegranate and Guava respectively. Plant extracts were prepared using Soxhlet apparatus and condensed the extract by rotary evaporation. Highest yield was obtained in methanol plant extracts compared to aqueous extract, as it causes differences in the polarity of the extraction which leads to wide variation in the level of bioactive compounds in the extract. Poison food technique was used to test the antifungal activity of plant extracts. Jackfruit leaves methanol extract at 7000ppm showed maximum inhibition of 88.89% and guava leaves aqueous extract at 3000ppm showed minimum inhibition of 48.15% against Aspergillus niger. In case of Fusarium solani maximum inhibition was observed in jackfruit leaves methanol extract at 7000ppm of 87.89% and minimum inhibition was recorded in eucalyptus leaves aqueous extract of 57.41% at 3000ppm.The qualitative phytochemical screening of selected plant extracts showed various phytochemicals in plant extracts like tannins, phenols, flavonoids, terpenoid, saponin and alkaloid. GC-MS analysis of jackfruit methanol extract showed the presence of 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, 2-hydroxy-1, Octadecanoic acid and Benzene, 1, 2-dimethoxy-4-(1-propenyl). All these findings implied the availability of various phytochemicals might be a source of antifungal agent for inhibition of pathogens and to improve the postharvest quality of fruits.
{"title":"Phytochemical Analysis of Different Plant Extracts and their Inhibitory Effects on Aspergillus niger and Fusarium solani","authors":"S. R. Darshitha, Lakshmeesha, R, Chaithrashree, B. N., Harish, J., Manoj Kumar H. B., K. M. H. Kumar, Shymalamma, S.","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i21429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i21429","url":null,"abstract":"Plant extracts constitutes versatile phytochemicals which can be substituted with commercial synthetic chemicals to inhibit the growth of pathogens. In this study, the methanol and aqueous extracts of guava, jackfruit, tulsi, peppermint and eucalyptus leaves were evaluated in-vitro against Aspergillus niger and Fusarium solani isolated from Pomegranate and Guava respectively. Plant extracts were prepared using Soxhlet apparatus and condensed the extract by rotary evaporation. Highest yield was obtained in methanol plant extracts compared to aqueous extract, as it causes differences in the polarity of the extraction which leads to wide variation in the level of bioactive compounds in the extract. Poison food technique was used to test the antifungal activity of plant extracts. Jackfruit leaves methanol extract at 7000ppm showed maximum inhibition of 88.89% and guava leaves aqueous extract at 3000ppm showed minimum inhibition of 48.15% against Aspergillus niger. In case of Fusarium solani maximum inhibition was observed in jackfruit leaves methanol extract at 7000ppm of 87.89% and minimum inhibition was recorded in eucalyptus leaves aqueous extract of 57.41% at 3000ppm.The qualitative phytochemical screening of selected plant extracts showed various phytochemicals in plant extracts like tannins, phenols, flavonoids, terpenoid, saponin and alkaloid. GC-MS analysis of jackfruit methanol extract showed the presence of 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, 2-hydroxy-1, Octadecanoic acid and Benzene, 1, 2-dimethoxy-4-(1-propenyl). All these findings implied the availability of various phytochemicals might be a source of antifungal agent for inhibition of pathogens and to improve the postharvest quality of fruits.","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140241386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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