Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i71392
B. Antipas, G. W. Ossoga, Ndomba Nodjidoumgoto, Gandolo Bongo Nare Richard, B. Kebkiba, Bakarnga-via Issakou
Introduction: Avian colibacillosis and salmonellosis are diseases that have a major economic impact on poultry farming and public health worldwide. This study aims to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of multidrug resistant Salmonellosis and Escherichia coli in Doba commune, Chad Methodology: This is an experimental study that took place in Doba, the survey of which was carried out among 41 poultry farming households in 15 districts. The samples of faeces were taken with an average of 13 samples per district and were cultured at the IRED Laboratory in N'Djamena. The strains of Salmonella spp and E. coli isolated were identified by the Enterosystem 18R gallery. Their antibiotic sensitivities were tested against 12 selected antibiotics. The Epi Info 7 ™ software was used to perform the statistical analyses. Results: For this study, 193 samples of faeces were cultured. However, 24 (12.44%) strains were isolated and identified, including 13 (6.74%) Salmonella spp and 11 (5.70%) Escherichia coli. These strains of Salmonella spp were more sensitive to Imipenem (92.31%). They were more resistant to Clotrimazole (84.62%). For E. coli, the highest sensitivity was observed in Imipenem (76.92%). It was more resistant to Amoxicillin + Clavunalic Acid (AMC) 69.23%. Non-compliance with food hygiene, lack of maintenance of the habitat, non-compliance with prophylactic and sanitary measures were the risk factors most linked to the presence of salmonellosis and E. coli. According to the profile, the resistance of Salmonella spp to antibiotics was more observed in Béraba (23.08%) and that of Escherichia coli in Bédokassa (27.27%). Conclusion: This study allowed the identification of multidrug resistant Salmonella spp and Escherichia coli in poultry farming households. Non-compliance with food hygiene, lack of maintenance of the habitat, non-compliance with prophylactic and sanitary measures were the risk factors most linked to the presence of salmonellosis and E. coli.
导言:禽大肠杆菌病和沙门氏菌病是对全世界家禽养殖和公共卫生产生重大经济影响的疾病。本研究旨在确定乍得Doba公社耐多药沙门氏菌病和大肠杆菌的流行情况及相关危险因素。方法:这是在Doba进行的一项实验性研究，对15个县的41个家禽养殖户进行了调查。每个区平均采集13个粪便样本，并在恩贾梅纳的IRED实验室进行培养。采用Enterosystem 18R gallery对分离的沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌进行鉴定。对12种选定的抗生素进行敏感性试验。使用Epi Info 7™软件进行统计分析。结果:本研究共培养粪便193份。分离鉴定菌株24株(12.44%)，其中沙门氏菌13株(6.74%)，大肠杆菌11株(5.70%)。沙门氏菌对亚胺培南的敏感性最高(92.31%)。对氯霉唑耐药率较高(84.62%)。大肠杆菌对亚胺培南的敏感性最高，为76.92%。对阿莫西林+克拉武酸(AMC)的耐药率为69.23%。不遵守食品卫生、缺乏对栖息地的维护、不遵守预防和卫生措施是与沙门氏菌病和大肠杆菌存在最相关的风险因素。结果显示，bsamuspp和大肠杆菌对抗生素的耐药率分别为23.08%和27.27%。结论:本研究为家禽养殖户多重耐药沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌的鉴定提供了依据。不遵守食品卫生、缺乏对栖息地的维护、不遵守预防和卫生措施是与沙门氏菌病和大肠杆菌存在最相关的风险因素。
{"title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors of Multidrug Resistant Salmonella spp and Escherichia coli in Poultry from Doba Commune, Chad","authors":"B. Antipas, G. W. Ossoga, Ndomba Nodjidoumgoto, Gandolo Bongo Nare Richard, B. Kebkiba, Bakarnga-via Issakou","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i71392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i71392","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Avian colibacillosis and salmonellosis are diseases that have a major economic impact on poultry farming and public health worldwide. This study aims to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of multidrug resistant Salmonellosis and Escherichia coli in Doba commune, Chad \u0000Methodology: This is an experimental study that took place in Doba, the survey of which was carried out among 41 poultry farming households in 15 districts. The samples of faeces were taken with an average of 13 samples per district and were cultured at the IRED Laboratory in N'Djamena. The strains of Salmonella spp and E. coli isolated were identified by the Enterosystem 18R gallery. Their antibiotic sensitivities were tested against 12 selected antibiotics. The Epi Info 7 ™ software was used to perform the statistical analyses. \u0000Results: For this study, 193 samples of faeces were cultured. However, 24 (12.44%) strains were isolated and identified, including 13 (6.74%) Salmonella spp and 11 (5.70%) Escherichia coli. These strains of Salmonella spp were more sensitive to Imipenem (92.31%). They were more resistant to Clotrimazole (84.62%). For E. coli, the highest sensitivity was observed in Imipenem (76.92%). It was more resistant to Amoxicillin + Clavunalic Acid (AMC) 69.23%. Non-compliance with food hygiene, lack of maintenance of the habitat, non-compliance with prophylactic and sanitary measures were the risk factors most linked to the presence of salmonellosis and E. coli. According to the profile, the resistance of Salmonella spp to antibiotics was more observed in Béraba (23.08%) and that of Escherichia coli in Bédokassa (27.27%). \u0000Conclusion: This study allowed the identification of multidrug resistant Salmonella spp and Escherichia coli in poultry farming households. Non-compliance with food hygiene, lack of maintenance of the habitat, non-compliance with prophylactic and sanitary measures were the risk factors most linked to the presence of salmonellosis and E. coli.","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75011005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i71391
M. Kanaan, N. A. Sheriff, Suraida Abdullah
Background and Aim: One of the leading causes of both community- and hospital-acquired infections is the superbug," multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Milk and dairy products seem to be highly vulnerable to a wide range of diseases. Therefore, we require processing procedures that both eliminate pathogens and lengthen the useful life of these products. The purpose of this study was to determine how susceptible MRSA isolates were to pasteurization temperatures after being recovered from dairy products. Materials and Methods: For the purpose of pasteurization, ten MRSA isolates were exposed to both a 63°C LTLT (low temperature, long time) therapy for 30 minutes and a 72°C HTST (high temperature, short time) treatment for 16 seconds. Results: The findings indicated that all isolates were killed by a pasteurization-like treatment at low temperature for a long time (63°C for 30 minutes), but that particular adaptable isolates could survive a pasteurization-like treatment at high temperature for a short time (72°C for 16 seconds), which may point to a time- and temperature-dependent variation in the thermal tolerance mechanism. Conclusion: The results showed that all isolates seemed extremely susceptible to damage from heat using LTLT pasteurization-like treatment (63°C for 30 minutes). Nevertheless, a particular number of these isolates succeeded in establishing colonies because they have quorum sensing structures that survive being handled by using heat damage at 72°C for 16 seconds. Pasteurized milk producers should be alerted to the fact that this microorganism has been found in contaminated milk since it compromises the product's safety and diminishes its value to consumers. As a result, it is strongly advised that manufacturers utilize varied temperatures for milk processing in order to remove the contaminating methicillin- and heat-resistant S. aureus (MHRSA).
{"title":"Analysis of the Responses to Pasteurization Temperatures of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Derived from Milk Items","authors":"M. Kanaan, N. A. Sheriff, Suraida Abdullah","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i71391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i71391","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: One of the leading causes of both community- and hospital-acquired infections is the superbug,\" multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Milk and dairy products seem to be highly vulnerable to a wide range of diseases. Therefore, we require processing procedures that both eliminate pathogens and lengthen the useful life of these products. The purpose of this study was to determine how susceptible MRSA isolates were to pasteurization temperatures after being recovered from dairy products. \u0000Materials and Methods: For the purpose of pasteurization, ten MRSA isolates were exposed to both a 63°C LTLT (low temperature, long time) therapy for 30 minutes and a 72°C HTST (high temperature, short time) treatment for 16 seconds. \u0000Results: The findings indicated that all isolates were killed by a pasteurization-like treatment at low temperature for a long time (63°C for 30 minutes), but that particular adaptable isolates could survive a pasteurization-like treatment at high temperature for a short time (72°C for 16 seconds), which may point to a time- and temperature-dependent variation in the thermal tolerance mechanism. \u0000Conclusion: The results showed that all isolates seemed extremely susceptible to damage from heat using LTLT pasteurization-like treatment (63°C for 30 minutes). Nevertheless, a particular number of these isolates succeeded in establishing colonies because they have quorum sensing structures that survive being handled by using heat damage at 72°C for 16 seconds. Pasteurized milk producers should be alerted to the fact that this microorganism has been found in contaminated milk since it compromises the product's safety and diminishes its value to consumers. As a result, it is strongly advised that manufacturers utilize varied temperatures for milk processing in order to remove the contaminating methicillin- and heat-resistant S. aureus (MHRSA).","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75469247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-24DOI: 10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i71390
Taliby Dos Camara, A. Makanéra, Demba Magassouba, Alpha Ousmane Barry
Introduction: Meningitis represents a major public health problem in the tropical countries Objective: To determine the sensitivity to antibiotics of bacteria associated with meningitis in children at Donka National Hospital in Conakry. Methods: This is a prospective and descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from January 20th to April 20th, 2022. A total of 110 cerebrospinal fluids samples (CSF) from suspected children were cultured on different agar media. Results: The results showed that 13 samples were positive. Three different bacterial species were identified: Streptococcus pneumoniae (54%=7/13), Hemophilus influenzae b (31%=4/13) and Escherichia coli (15%=2/13). Males predominated, with a sex ratio (M/F) of 1.6. The commune of Ratoma was the most represented with 36%. The most clinical manifestations were fever (54%), vomiting (35%), meningeal stiffness (20%), convulsion (24%) and headache (27%). All the Streptococcus pneumoniae strains were susceptible to levofloxacin and ofloxacin (100%), while 57% of these strains were susceptible to amikacin, 43% to tobramycin as well as to nitrofurantoin and 29% to gentamicin. For Hemophilus influenzae, 75% of the strains were susceptible to gentamicin as well as to tobramycin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and ofloxacin, while the susceptibility to amikacin was 50%. Finally, all Escherichia coli strains were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin and nitrofurantoin, while only 50% of these strains were susceptible to amikacin and tobramycin. Conclusion: This study showed that three bacterial species were associated to meningitis in children, of which Streptococcus pneumoniae was mainly encountered. Quinolones and aminoglycosides were the most active antibiotic families on these strains studied. The study populations being made up of children and the fact that quinolones are not recommended in this category of patients, aminoglycosides should be chosen for the empirical treatment of children. However, the treatment of cases of meningitis requires antibiotic treatment whenever possible based on the results of an antibiogram.
{"title":"Epidemiological Aspect and Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Bacteria Responsible for Meningitis in Children in the Pediatrics Department of the CHU Donka National Hospital of Conakry, Guinea","authors":"Taliby Dos Camara, A. Makanéra, Demba Magassouba, Alpha Ousmane Barry","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i71390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i71390","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Meningitis represents a major public health problem in the tropical countries Objective: To determine the sensitivity to antibiotics of bacteria associated with meningitis in children at Donka National Hospital in Conakry. \u0000Methods: This is a prospective and descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from January 20th to April 20th, 2022. A total of 110 cerebrospinal fluids samples (CSF) from suspected children were cultured on different agar media. \u0000Results: The results showed that 13 samples were positive. Three different bacterial species were identified: Streptococcus pneumoniae (54%=7/13), Hemophilus influenzae b (31%=4/13) and Escherichia coli (15%=2/13). Males predominated, with a sex ratio (M/F) of 1.6. The commune of Ratoma was the most represented with 36%. The most clinical manifestations were fever (54%), vomiting (35%), meningeal stiffness (20%), convulsion (24%) and headache (27%). All the Streptococcus pneumoniae strains were susceptible to levofloxacin and ofloxacin (100%), while 57% of these strains were susceptible to amikacin, 43% to tobramycin as well as to nitrofurantoin and 29% to gentamicin. For Hemophilus influenzae, 75% of the strains were susceptible to gentamicin as well as to tobramycin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and ofloxacin, while the susceptibility to amikacin was 50%. Finally, all Escherichia coli strains were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin and nitrofurantoin, while only 50% of these strains were susceptible to amikacin and tobramycin. \u0000Conclusion: This study showed that three bacterial species were associated to meningitis in children, of which Streptococcus pneumoniae was mainly encountered. Quinolones and aminoglycosides were the most active antibiotic families on these strains studied. The study populations being made up of children and the fact that quinolones are not recommended in this category of patients, aminoglycosides should be chosen for the empirical treatment of children. However, the treatment of cases of meningitis requires antibiotic treatment whenever possible based on the results of an antibiogram.","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87257241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-22DOI: 10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i61389
Taliby Dos Camara, A. Makanéra, Mounaida Rachid, Mory Camara
Introduction: Urinary tract infections are caused by the colonisation of the various organs of the urinary tract by microorganisms. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria isolated from urinary tract infections and improve the health care of patients with urinary tract infections. Methods: This is a prospective, cross-sectional descriptive study that took place over three months, from 2 February to 2 May 2022. Results: Bacterial identifications showed a predominance of Escherichia coli (E. coli) with 52%, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) with 13%, Enteroccus spp., with 9%, Enterobacter cloacae complex (E. cloacae) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) with 8% each. and the other germs are weakly represented. The antibiogram showed that certain antibiotics were active on the majority of strains, including imipenem (75%), cefoxitin (65%) and ertapenem (64%), amikacin (61%). All age groups were affected by urinary tract infections with a predominance in the age group of 51 years and over (54%), and 25 to 50 years are the most represented in our study with respectively 54% and 28%. The Marital Status shows that Married people were mostly exposed to urinary tract infections with a prevalence of 78%. The distribution according to socio-professional characteristics showed that Housewives were the most represented (30%). The majority of infected patients came from the Commune of Ratoma (35%). Conclusion: Urinary tract infections are a major public health problem whose health management necessarily involves an antibiogram and possibly the monitoring of hematological parameters.
{"title":"Epidemiology and Sensitivity to Antibiotics of Uropathogenic Bacteria in Patients at the CHU Ignace Deen National Hospital in Conakry, Guinea","authors":"Taliby Dos Camara, A. Makanéra, Mounaida Rachid, Mory Camara","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i61389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i61389","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Urinary tract infections are caused by the colonisation of the various organs of the urinary tract by microorganisms. \u0000Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria isolated from urinary tract infections and improve the health care of patients with urinary tract infections. \u0000Methods: This is a prospective, cross-sectional descriptive study that took place over three months, from 2 February to 2 May 2022. \u0000Results: Bacterial identifications showed a predominance of Escherichia coli (E. coli) with 52%, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) with 13%, Enteroccus spp., with 9%, Enterobacter cloacae complex (E. cloacae) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) with 8% each. and the other germs are weakly represented. The antibiogram showed that certain antibiotics were active on the majority of strains, including imipenem (75%), cefoxitin (65%) and ertapenem (64%), amikacin (61%). All age groups were affected by urinary tract infections with a predominance in the age group of 51 years and over (54%), and 25 to 50 years are the most represented in our study with respectively 54% and 28%. The Marital Status shows that Married people were mostly exposed to urinary tract infections with a prevalence of 78%. The distribution according to socio-professional characteristics showed that Housewives were the most represented (30%). The majority of infected patients came from the Commune of Ratoma (35%). \u0000Conclusion: Urinary tract infections are a major public health problem whose health management necessarily involves an antibiogram and possibly the monitoring of hematological parameters.","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73623263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-21DOI: 10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i61388
Levandowski Rafael
Aims: This study aimed to extract and characterize a biosurfactant produced by Limosilactobacillus reuteri IDCC 3701, assess its emulsifying activity against crude oil, and investigate its antibiofilm properties against major foodborne pathogens. Methodology: The biosurfactant, named I-BS, was extracted from the cell-free supernatant of Limosilactobacillus reuteri IDCC 3701 using acid precipitation. The emulsification index, emulsifying activity, oil spreading test, drop collapse test, and microplate distortion assay were performed to evaluate the surfactant properties of I-BS. The antibiofilm activity of I-BS against foodborne pathogens was assessed using the Calgary Biofilm Device. Finally, the cell-free supernatant of Limosilactobacillus reuteri IDCC 3701 was subjected to GC-MS analysis. Results: I-BS demonstrated an emulsification index of 49.4% and emulsifying activity of 400.67, indicating its potential as an effective emulsifier for oils. Positive results were observed in the oil spreading test and microplate distortion assay, confirming its surfactant properties. Additionally, I-BS exhibited significant antibiofilm activity against foodborne pathogens. GC-MS analysis of the I-BS structure revealed the presence of octanoic acid, a surfactant compound. Conclusion: The biosurfactant I-BS, derived from Limosilactobacillus reuteri IDCC 3701, displayed promising emulsifying activity and demonstrated notable antibiofilm properties against foodborne pathogens. These findings suggest that I-BS holds potential as a lead compound for the development of novel anti-biofilm agents and additives in the food industry.
{"title":"Extraction, Antibiofilm Activity and Characterization of Biosurfactant Produced by Limosilactobacillus reuteri IDCC 3701","authors":"Levandowski Rafael","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i61388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i61388","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study aimed to extract and characterize a biosurfactant produced by Limosilactobacillus reuteri IDCC 3701, assess its emulsifying activity against crude oil, and investigate its antibiofilm properties against major foodborne pathogens. \u0000Methodology: The biosurfactant, named I-BS, was extracted from the cell-free supernatant of Limosilactobacillus reuteri IDCC 3701 using acid precipitation. The emulsification index, emulsifying activity, oil spreading test, drop collapse test, and microplate distortion assay were performed to evaluate the surfactant properties of I-BS. The antibiofilm activity of I-BS against foodborne pathogens was assessed using the Calgary Biofilm Device. Finally, the cell-free supernatant of Limosilactobacillus reuteri IDCC 3701 was subjected to GC-MS analysis. \u0000Results: I-BS demonstrated an emulsification index of 49.4% and emulsifying activity of 400.67, indicating its potential as an effective emulsifier for oils. Positive results were observed in the oil spreading test and microplate distortion assay, confirming its surfactant properties. Additionally, I-BS exhibited significant antibiofilm activity against foodborne pathogens. GC-MS analysis of the I-BS structure revealed the presence of octanoic acid, a surfactant compound. \u0000Conclusion: The biosurfactant I-BS, derived from Limosilactobacillus reuteri IDCC 3701, displayed promising emulsifying activity and demonstrated notable antibiofilm properties against foodborne pathogens. These findings suggest that I-BS holds potential as a lead compound for the development of novel anti-biofilm agents and additives in the food industry.","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83279695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-17DOI: 10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i61387
Jaja, Soba Emmanuel, W. Olufunmilayo, Nrior, Renner Renner
Environmental pollution in the Niger Delta has been a huge concern. Bacteria have proven to be of great benefit in the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons. This research is aimed at enhanced phytoremediation of crude oil polluted soil using Pseudomonas fluorescens. Soil was collected from oil spill polluted site at B-dere, Rivers State. Six (6) treatments consisting of contaminated soil (CS), uncontaminated soil (US), augmenting organisms Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pse), and phytoremediation grasses (Elbow buffalo grass (Panicum subalbidum) (PAN-G) and Sedge plant Schoenoplectus senegalensis (SCH-G)) were evaluated during a period of 28 days. Total Heterotrophic Bacteria (THB) and Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacteria (HUB) were monitored. Physicochemical parameters monitored were pH, Temperature, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium and Total Hydrocarbon Content (THC). Baseline results of physicochemical parameters carried out in the uncontaminated soil were pH, temperature (oC), Moisture content (%), Electrical conductivity (uS/cm), Total Organic Carbon (TOC), Soil Organic Matter, Total Hydrocarbon Content (THC), Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (mg/kg). The amount of hydrocarbon remediated and percentage bioremediation in the soil after 28 days were: CS+PSE+SCH (3454mg/kg; 85.28%) > CS + BAC + SCH-G (3264mg/kg; 80.59%) > CS +PSE + BAC + SCH-G (3210mg/kg; 79.26%) and CS + SCH-G had the lowest (434mg/kg: 62%). This research revealed that Schoenoplectus senegalensis (sedge plant) is a suitable plant species for phytoremediation of crude oil polluted soil than Panicum subalbidum. Moreso, Schoenoplectus senegalensis (sedge plant) has a higher phytoremediation potential when augmented with Psuedomonas. it is therefore recommended that Schoenoplectus senegalensis (sedge plant) in combination with augmenting organism (Psuedomonas) is best option for remediation of crude oil polluted.
{"title":"Enhanced Phytoremediation of Crude Oil Polluted Soil Using Pseudomonas fluorescens","authors":"Jaja, Soba Emmanuel, W. Olufunmilayo, Nrior, Renner Renner","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i61387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i61387","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental pollution in the Niger Delta has been a huge concern. Bacteria have proven to be of great benefit in the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons. This research is aimed at enhanced phytoremediation of crude oil polluted soil using Pseudomonas fluorescens. Soil was collected from oil spill polluted site at B-dere, Rivers State. Six (6) treatments consisting of contaminated soil (CS), uncontaminated soil (US), augmenting organisms Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pse), and phytoremediation grasses (Elbow buffalo grass (Panicum subalbidum) (PAN-G) and Sedge plant Schoenoplectus senegalensis (SCH-G)) were evaluated during a period of 28 days. Total Heterotrophic Bacteria (THB) and Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacteria (HUB) were monitored. Physicochemical parameters monitored were pH, Temperature, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium and Total Hydrocarbon Content (THC). Baseline results of physicochemical parameters carried out in the uncontaminated soil were pH, temperature (oC), Moisture content (%), Electrical conductivity (uS/cm), Total Organic Carbon (TOC), Soil Organic Matter, Total Hydrocarbon Content (THC), Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (mg/kg). The amount of hydrocarbon remediated and percentage bioremediation in the soil after 28 days were: CS+PSE+SCH (3454mg/kg; 85.28%) > CS + BAC + SCH-G (3264mg/kg; 80.59%) > CS +PSE + BAC + SCH-G (3210mg/kg; 79.26%) and CS + SCH-G had the lowest (434mg/kg: 62%). This research revealed that Schoenoplectus senegalensis (sedge plant) is a suitable plant species for phytoremediation of crude oil polluted soil than Panicum subalbidum. Moreso, Schoenoplectus senegalensis (sedge plant) has a higher phytoremediation potential when augmented with Psuedomonas. it is therefore recommended that Schoenoplectus senegalensis (sedge plant) in combination with augmenting organism (Psuedomonas) is best option for remediation of crude oil polluted.","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77144104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-16DOI: 10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i61385
Yousif Elnour Elsharif, Khidir Osman Alfaki, Samah Abdelrahim Elawad, Ahmed Al Siddiq Ebraheem, Mohamed Magzob, A. Mohammed, E. A. Ahmed
Background: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is an increasing global problem and high endemicity is observed in many developing countries. Pregnancy predisposes women to chronic infection and various complications. Objective: This study aimed to investigate sero-positivity of HEV and existent risk factors among pregnant women in Gezira State, Sudan. Methods: A cross-sectional design was followed, and a non–probability convenience sampling technique was used to collect 120 venous blood samples from pregnant women. Separated serum specimens was used for the quantitative detection of specific anti-HEV IgM and IgG by competitive ELISA method (MIKROGEN GmbH - Germany). Results: The frequency of positive results for HEV IgG antibodies in the study population amounted to 44.2 (53/120). Of the 53 HEV IgG positive pregnant participants 47.2% (25/53) were in the third trimester period, 39.6% (21/53) had preterm labor, 39.6% (21/53) had a history of abortion and 24.5% (13/53) with jaundice. Significant association was found between HEV IgG positive women and preterm labor (p-value 0.004), and history of jaundice (p-value 0.009). Conclusion: This preliminary study highlighted the high frequency of sero-positivity of hepatitis E virus in pregnant women in the studied area of Sudan.
{"title":"Frequency of HEV Antibodies in Pregnant Women and Its Association with Existent Risk Factors, Sudan: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Yousif Elnour Elsharif, Khidir Osman Alfaki, Samah Abdelrahim Elawad, Ahmed Al Siddiq Ebraheem, Mohamed Magzob, A. Mohammed, E. A. Ahmed","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i61385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i61385","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is an increasing global problem and high endemicity is observed in many developing countries. Pregnancy predisposes women to chronic infection and various complications. \u0000Objective: This study aimed to investigate sero-positivity of HEV and existent risk factors among pregnant women in Gezira State, Sudan. \u0000Methods: A cross-sectional design was followed, and a non–probability convenience sampling technique was used to collect 120 venous blood samples from pregnant women. Separated serum specimens was used for the quantitative detection of specific anti-HEV IgM and IgG by competitive ELISA method (MIKROGEN GmbH - Germany). \u0000Results: The frequency of positive results for HEV IgG antibodies in the study population amounted to 44.2 (53/120). Of the 53 HEV IgG positive pregnant participants 47.2% (25/53) were in the third trimester period, 39.6% (21/53) had preterm labor, 39.6% (21/53) had a history of abortion and 24.5% (13/53) with jaundice. Significant association was found between HEV IgG positive women and preterm labor (p-value 0.004), and history of jaundice (p-value 0.009). \u0000Conclusion: This preliminary study highlighted the high frequency of sero-positivity of hepatitis E virus in pregnant women in the studied area of Sudan.","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90301607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-16DOI: 10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i61386
Nedie Patience Akani, D. E. Adirimo, T. Sampson
Difficulty in the treatment and eradication of bacterial infections as a result of the development of resistance to antibiotics has in recent time remained a serious problem confronting public health. This study investigated the antibiogram of Staphylococcal isolates and molecular characterisation of Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) obtained from female patients visiting Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH) in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. A total of 103 clinical samples were collected and processed using the standard laboratory procedures. Antibiotic susceptibility test of the isolates was performed using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Molecular characterisation as well as screening for the detection of antibiotics resistance MecA gene was carried out using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) dependent molecular techniques. From the study, 22.3% S. aureus and 1.9% CoNS were recovered. The 16SrRNA gene sequencing revealed two species of CoNS namely S. saprophyticus and S. arlettae. The antibiotics susceptibility test results revealed that all the Staphylococcus aureus isolates were 100% resistant to six of the antibiotics tested: Ampicillin, Augmentin, Ceftazidime, Cefuroxime and Cephalexin (β- lactams), 78.3% resistant to Tetracycline and Cotrimoxazole, 73.9% to Vancomycin, 65.2% to Ciprofloxacin, 56.5% to Gentamicin and 47.8% to Erythromycin but 52.2% sensitive to Erythromycin, followed by Gentamicin (34.8%), Ciprofloxacin (17.4%), Vancomycin and Cotrimoxazole (13%) and Tetracycline (8.7%). All (100%) of the Coagulase negative Staphylococci species were resistant to every antibiotics tested. Data obtained from the study showed all the isolates displayed multidrug resistance, with MAR indices greater than 0.2 and Methicillin (MecA) gene was detected in 66.6% of the isolates. The study has reported the presence of Coagulase Negative Staphylococci showing resistance to all the tested antibiotics, hence indicating alarming public health threats. Strict regulation of antimicrobial usage is therefore vital.
最近，由于对抗生素产生耐药性，在治疗和根除细菌感染方面遇到困难，这仍然是公共卫生面临的一个严重问题。本研究调查了从尼日利亚哈科特港河流州立大学教学医院(RSUTH)就诊的女性患者中分离的葡萄球菌抗生素谱和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(con)的分子特征。共收集103份临床样本，并使用标准实验室程序进行处理。按照临床与实验室标准协会(CLSI)的指南，采用Kirby-Bauer圆盘扩散法进行抗生素敏感性试验。采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)依赖的分子技术对MecA基因进行分子鉴定和筛选。本研究共检出22.3%的金黄色葡萄球菌和1.9%的con。16SrRNA基因测序结果显示，腐生s (S. saprophyticus)和arlettae (S. arlettae)为2种。抗生素药敏试验结果显示，所有金黄色葡萄球菌分离株对6种试验抗生素均100%耐药:氨苄西林、奥格门汀、头孢他啶、头孢呋辛和头孢氨苄(β-内酰胺类)对四环素和复方新诺明耐药78.3%，对万古霉素耐药73.9%，对环丙沙星耐药65.2%，对庆大霉素耐药56.5%，对红霉素耐药47.8%，对红霉素敏感52.2%，其次是庆大霉素(34.8%)、环丙沙星(17.4%)、万古霉素和复方新诺明(13%)、四环素(8.7%)。所有(100%)凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌对所检测的每种抗生素都具有耐药性。研究数据显示，所有分离株均表现出多药耐药，MAR指数均大于0.2,66.6%的分离株检出甲氧西林(MecA)基因。该研究报告了凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌的存在，显示出对所有测试抗生素的耐药性，因此表明了令人震惊的公共卫生威胁。因此，严格管制抗菌药物的使用至关重要。
{"title":"Antibiogram of Staphylococcal Isolates and Molecular Characterisation of Coagulase Negative Staphylococci Obtained from a Hospital in Port Harcourt, Nigeria","authors":"Nedie Patience Akani, D. E. Adirimo, T. Sampson","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i61386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i61386","url":null,"abstract":"Difficulty in the treatment and eradication of bacterial infections as a result of the development of resistance to antibiotics has in recent time remained a serious problem confronting public health. This study investigated the antibiogram of Staphylococcal isolates and molecular characterisation of Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) obtained from female patients visiting Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH) in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. A total of 103 clinical samples were collected and processed using the standard laboratory procedures. Antibiotic susceptibility test of the isolates was performed using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Molecular characterisation as well as screening for the detection of antibiotics resistance MecA gene was carried out using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) dependent molecular techniques. From the study, 22.3% S. aureus and 1.9% CoNS were recovered. The 16SrRNA gene sequencing revealed two species of CoNS namely S. saprophyticus and S. arlettae. The antibiotics susceptibility test results revealed that all the Staphylococcus aureus isolates were 100% resistant to six of the antibiotics tested: Ampicillin, Augmentin, Ceftazidime, Cefuroxime and Cephalexin (β- lactams), 78.3% resistant to Tetracycline and Cotrimoxazole, 73.9% to Vancomycin, 65.2% to Ciprofloxacin, 56.5% to Gentamicin and 47.8% to Erythromycin but 52.2% sensitive to Erythromycin, followed by Gentamicin (34.8%), Ciprofloxacin (17.4%), Vancomycin and Cotrimoxazole (13%) and Tetracycline (8.7%). All (100%) of the Coagulase negative Staphylococci species were resistant to every antibiotics tested. Data obtained from the study showed all the isolates displayed multidrug resistance, with MAR indices greater than 0.2 and Methicillin (MecA) gene was detected in 66.6% of the isolates. The study has reported the presence of Coagulase Negative Staphylococci showing resistance to all the tested antibiotics, hence indicating alarming public health threats. Strict regulation of antimicrobial usage is therefore vital.","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"178 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77542201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-04DOI: 10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i51384
N. B. Muogbo, M. Makut, D. Ishaleku
Borehole water is an alternative source of portable water readily available for domestic and commercial uses in Wuse 1 District of Abuja and Nigeria. The study evaluates the bacteriological quality and heavy metals concentrations of borehole tank water in Wuse 1 District. Sixty-three (63) water samples (27 Residential and 36 Commercial) were aseptically collected and analyzed following standard microbiological methods while analysis of heavy metals water sample was carried out using flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (Model 220AS Autosampler). Out of the total water samples, E. coli, S. typhi, S. dysentriae and S. aerues were more isolated accounting for 3.2%, 11.3%, 5% and 3.8% respectively in which commercial borehole tank water showed in each case, higher occurrence of individual bacteria isolates The Physiochemical assessment showed no indication of industrial pollution. There was no significant difference in COD (P = 0.04). Heavy metals composition of borehole water in the district showed that Cadmium and Lead were scarcely detected. Zones which showed presence of cadmium in commercial water tanks were, Z5 and Z6 with 0.007ppm and 0.001ppm respectively, while those of residential water tanks were, Z1 with 0.001ppm. Overall copper concentration ranged from 0.01ppm to 0.108ppm, iron 0.22ppm to 1.75ppm, and manganese 0.01ppm to 0.11ppm, while that of zinc was 0.248ppm and 0.327ppm respectively. The study therefore recommends that borehole water from storage tanks be pre-treated by boiling before use, and also soil investigation is imperative to ascertain the elemental composition of a choice land before drilling.
{"title":"Assessment of Bacteriological Quality and Heavy Metals Concentrations of Borehole Water Tanks in Wuse 1 District of Abuja, Nigeria","authors":"N. B. Muogbo, M. Makut, D. Ishaleku","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i51384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i51384","url":null,"abstract":"Borehole water is an alternative source of portable water readily available for domestic and commercial uses in Wuse 1 District of Abuja and Nigeria. The study evaluates the bacteriological quality and heavy metals concentrations of borehole tank water in Wuse 1 District. Sixty-three (63) water samples (27 Residential and 36 Commercial) were aseptically collected and analyzed following standard microbiological methods while analysis of heavy metals water sample was carried out using flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (Model 220AS Autosampler). Out of the total water samples, E. coli, S. typhi, S. dysentriae and S. aerues were more isolated accounting for 3.2%, 11.3%, 5% and 3.8% respectively in which commercial borehole tank water showed in each case, higher occurrence of individual bacteria isolates The Physiochemical assessment showed no indication of industrial pollution. There was no significant difference in COD (P = 0.04). Heavy metals composition of borehole water in the district showed that Cadmium and Lead were scarcely detected. Zones which showed presence of cadmium in commercial water tanks were, Z5 and Z6 with 0.007ppm and 0.001ppm respectively, while those of residential water tanks were, Z1 with 0.001ppm. Overall copper concentration ranged from 0.01ppm to 0.108ppm, iron 0.22ppm to 1.75ppm, and manganese 0.01ppm to 0.11ppm, while that of zinc was 0.248ppm and 0.327ppm respectively. The study therefore recommends that borehole water from storage tanks be pre-treated by boiling before use, and also soil investigation is imperative to ascertain the elemental composition of a choice land before drilling.","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"154 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83670802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i51383
P. Singh, T. Kaur
Introduction: Resistance of bacteria to antibiotics poses a serious challenge in managing and treating wound-related complications. Determining the antibiotic resistance patterns is crucial for guiding appropriate antibiotic therapy to avoid their overuse and emergence of deadly superbugs. Aim: The study was aimed to isolate and detect bacterial species responsible for causing infection in different types of traumatic, burns and post-surgical wounds and antibiotic resistance profile of isolated microorganisms. Methodology: The bacterial load and isolation of microbes was determined by plating of samples onto duplicate blood and MacConkey agar plates. The morphologically distinct bacterial isolates were identified by biochemical tests and susceptibility of bacteria against selected antibiotics was determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: The major bacterial strains isolated were Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Klebsiella sp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The most prominent bacterial strain found was Staphylococcus aureus, present in more than 54% of collected samples, followed by E. coli, Klebsiella sp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, present in 17%, 11%, and 10% of collected samples, respectively. The study further explored that Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter spp. showed resistance against various non-identical antibiotics such as Amikacin (aminoglycosides), Azithromycin (macrolides), Levofloxacin & ciprofloxacin (fluoroquinolones) and Cefazolin (cephalosporins). However, Doxycycline (tetracycline) was the only antibiotic that inhibited the growth of all the bacterial species isolated from the infected wounds. levofloxacin was also one of the effective antibiotics in restricting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and Klebsiella spp. Consequently, the study suggests that Doxycycline followed by levofloxacin may be the most suitable antibiotics for controlling wound infection in this specific geographic region.
{"title":"Prevalence of Bacterial Species in Traumatic, Burns and Post-Surgical Wounds: Focus on Emerging Drug Resistance","authors":"P. Singh, T. Kaur","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i51383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i51383","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Resistance of bacteria to antibiotics poses a serious challenge in managing and treating wound-related complications. Determining the antibiotic resistance patterns is crucial for guiding appropriate antibiotic therapy to avoid their overuse and emergence of deadly superbugs. \u0000Aim: The study was aimed to isolate and detect bacterial species responsible for causing infection in different types of traumatic, burns and post-surgical wounds and antibiotic resistance profile of isolated microorganisms. \u0000Methodology: The bacterial load and isolation of microbes was determined by plating of samples onto duplicate blood and MacConkey agar plates. The morphologically distinct bacterial isolates were identified by biochemical tests and susceptibility of bacteria against selected antibiotics was determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. \u0000Results: The major bacterial strains isolated were Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Klebsiella sp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The most prominent bacterial strain found was Staphylococcus aureus, present in more than 54% of collected samples, followed by E. coli, Klebsiella sp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, present in 17%, 11%, and 10% of collected samples, respectively. The study further explored that Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter spp. showed resistance against various non-identical antibiotics such as Amikacin (aminoglycosides), Azithromycin (macrolides), Levofloxacin & ciprofloxacin (fluoroquinolones) and Cefazolin (cephalosporins). However, Doxycycline (tetracycline) was the only antibiotic that inhibited the growth of all the bacterial species isolated from the infected wounds. levofloxacin was also one of the effective antibiotics in restricting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and Klebsiella spp. \u0000Consequently, the study suggests that Doxycycline followed by levofloxacin may be the most suitable antibiotics for controlling wound infection in this specific geographic region.","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74983079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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