Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i81474
N. R. Onwukwe, C. D. Onwukwe, B. U. Fajoyomi, H. O. Stanley
Background and Aim: Bed linens, often overlooked as potential reservoirs of pathogens, may harbor a diverse array of microorganisms with implications for human health. This study investigated the microbial contamination of bed linens in female student hostels at the University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four bed linens (bedspreads and pillowcases) from six randomly selected hostels were swabbed and cultured for bacterial and fungal isolates. The samples were collected aseptically using sterile swap sticks and taken to the research laboratory where a serial dilution test was carried out to isolate and enumerate microorganisms present on the bed linen swaps taken. Furthermore, Biochemical tests of which some included; the indole test, catalase test, gram staining, motility test were conducted to ascertain the specific bacterial strains and comparing with literature, a morphological test was conducted to also determine the specific fungi strain. Disk Diffusion method was used following the McFarland standard to carry out an Antibiotic susceptibility test to determine the bacteria strains susceptible, intermediate or resistant to the different antibiotics on the disk. Results: The research led us to these findings; Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most prevalent bacterium (38%), followed by Bacillus spp. (29%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19%). Isolated fungi included Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium spp., Cladosporium spp., Aspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium spp., Trichoderma spp., Aspergillus niger, and Mucor spp. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed high susceptibility of Gram-positive isolates to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, and erythromycin. Gram-negative isolates showed high susceptibility to pefloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, and spiramycin but resistance to chloramphenicol (67%), amoxicillin (33%), and gentamicin (33%). Conclusion: The findings highlight the potential health risks associated with contaminated bed linens and underscore the need for improved hygiene practices in hostel environments.
{"title":"Assessing the Microbial Burden on Hostel Bed Linens: A Threat to Student Health","authors":"N. R. Onwukwe, C. D. Onwukwe, B. U. Fajoyomi, H. O. Stanley","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i81474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i81474","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Bed linens, often overlooked as potential reservoirs of pathogens, may harbor a diverse array of microorganisms with implications for human health. This study investigated the microbial contamination of bed linens in female student hostels at the University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. \u0000Materials and Methods: Twenty-four bed linens (bedspreads and pillowcases) from six randomly selected hostels were swabbed and cultured for bacterial and fungal isolates. The samples were collected aseptically using sterile swap sticks and taken to the research laboratory where a serial dilution test was carried out to isolate and enumerate microorganisms present on the bed linen swaps taken. Furthermore, Biochemical tests of which some included; the indole test, catalase test, gram staining, motility test were conducted to ascertain the specific bacterial strains and comparing with literature, a morphological test was conducted to also determine the specific fungi strain. Disk Diffusion method was used following the McFarland standard to carry out an Antibiotic susceptibility test to determine the bacteria strains susceptible, intermediate or resistant to the different antibiotics on the disk. \u0000Results: The research led us to these findings; Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most prevalent bacterium (38%), followed by Bacillus spp. (29%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19%). Isolated fungi included Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium spp., Cladosporium spp., Aspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium spp., Trichoderma spp., Aspergillus niger, and Mucor spp. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed high susceptibility of Gram-positive isolates to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, and erythromycin. Gram-negative isolates showed high susceptibility to pefloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, and spiramycin but resistance to chloramphenicol (67%), amoxicillin (33%), and gentamicin (33%). \u0000Conclusion: The findings highlight the potential health risks associated with contaminated bed linens and underscore the need for improved hygiene practices in hostel environments.","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"30 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141925892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-27DOI: 10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i81469
Leones Fernandes Evangelista, Ana Leilania Freitas Vasconcelos, Marcus Vinícius Saldanha Ribeiro, Ana Sarah Aguiar Vieira, Amanda Costa Lobo, Igor Moreira de Almeida, Maria do Carmo Soares de Azevedo Tavares, Gleiciane Moreira Dantas, Mariana Souza Bezerra Holanda, André Jhonathan Dantas, Glairta de Souza Costa, Lidia Gomes Ribeiro, Livia Soares dos Santos Silveira, I. F. Lima, Giovana Riello Barbosa Correia, Paulo César Pereira de Sousa
Aims: Determine the clinical characteristics of patients and the microbiological characteristics of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in respiratory samples from Adult Intensive Care Unity (ICU) of a University Hospital from Fortaleza, Brazil; Analyze the resistance profile of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates; Determine the phenotypic prevalence of Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA); Relate the prevalence to resistent Pseudomonas aeruginosa with patients’ death rate. Study Design: This is a epidemiological, descriptive and retrospective study, carried out between January and December 2022 at a university hospital in Fortaleza, Brazil. Place and Duration of Study: Microbiology Sector of the Central Laboratory of the Walter Cantídio University Hospital between January 2022 and December 2022. Methodology: All tracheal aspirate and bronchoalveolar lavage samples that showed a positive culture for Pseudomonas aeruginosa from patients admitted to the Adult Intensive Care Unit at the Walter Cantídio University Hospital were included in the study. Their identification (ID) and the Antibiotic Sensitivity Test (TSA) were carried out using the automated system VITEK® 2 (BioMérieux®, Marcyl’Etoile, France), which uses the OBSERVA system for data archiving. The detection of carbapenemases production was performed using the immunochromatographic test NG-Test Carba 5 (Laborclin - Centerlab). The data was collected by the Microbiology Sector of the hospital's Central Clinical Analysis Laboratory through patient reports issued by the hospital management system, REDCap. The reports were reviewed by a microbiologist pharmacist from the microbiology service. The data were analyzed and audited in the Excel® program for statistical validation using the SPSS Statistics® program, version 17.0. Results: After applying exclusion criteria, 25 bacterial isolates from respiratory samples of patients admitted to the Adult ICU of the hospital tested positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 80% (n=20) of these isolates originated from tracheal aspirate samples and 20% (n=5) from bronchoalveolar lavage. Of these 25 isolates, 72% (n=18) were identified as Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA), of which NG-Test Carba 5 identified 33% (n=6) as producers of serine carbapenemase, 28% (n=5) as producers of enzyme not identified by the test, 22% (n=4) as producers of metallo-beta-lactamase, and 17% (n=3) as non-enzymatic. Considering only isolates producing serine carbapenemases, 50% showed resistance to ceftazidime/avibactam, 83.3% to amikacin, and 100% to tigecycline and ciprofloxacin. NG-Test Carba 5 identified all isolated serine carbapenemases as KPC producers and all isolated metallo-beta-lactamases as IMP producers. It was found that patients admitted to the Adult ICU with isolates of CRPA with enzymatic resistance mechanism in respiratory samples are related to patient mortality (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The study highlights high mortality rates and
{"title":"Detection of Carbapenemases in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates: An Emerging Challenge","authors":"Leones Fernandes Evangelista, Ana Leilania Freitas Vasconcelos, Marcus Vinícius Saldanha Ribeiro, Ana Sarah Aguiar Vieira, Amanda Costa Lobo, Igor Moreira de Almeida, Maria do Carmo Soares de Azevedo Tavares, Gleiciane Moreira Dantas, Mariana Souza Bezerra Holanda, André Jhonathan Dantas, Glairta de Souza Costa, Lidia Gomes Ribeiro, Livia Soares dos Santos Silveira, I. F. Lima, Giovana Riello Barbosa Correia, Paulo César Pereira de Sousa","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i81469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i81469","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Determine the clinical characteristics of patients and the microbiological characteristics of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in respiratory samples from Adult Intensive Care Unity (ICU) of a University Hospital from Fortaleza, Brazil; Analyze the resistance profile of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates; Determine the phenotypic prevalence of Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA); Relate the prevalence to resistent Pseudomonas aeruginosa with patients’ death rate. \u0000Study Design: This is a epidemiological, descriptive and retrospective study, carried out between January and December 2022 at a university hospital in Fortaleza, Brazil. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Microbiology Sector of the Central Laboratory of the Walter Cantídio University Hospital between January 2022 and December 2022. \u0000Methodology: All tracheal aspirate and bronchoalveolar lavage samples that showed a positive culture for Pseudomonas aeruginosa from patients admitted to the Adult Intensive Care Unit at the Walter Cantídio University Hospital were included in the study. Their identification (ID) and the Antibiotic Sensitivity Test (TSA) were carried out using the automated system VITEK® 2 (BioMérieux®, Marcyl’Etoile, France), which uses the OBSERVA system for data archiving. The detection of carbapenemases production was performed using the immunochromatographic test NG-Test Carba 5 (Laborclin - Centerlab). The data was collected by the Microbiology Sector of the hospital's Central Clinical Analysis Laboratory through patient reports issued by the hospital management system, REDCap. The reports were reviewed by a microbiologist pharmacist from the microbiology service. The data were analyzed and audited in the Excel® program for statistical validation using the SPSS Statistics® program, version 17.0. \u0000Results: After applying exclusion criteria, 25 bacterial isolates from respiratory samples of patients admitted to the Adult ICU of the hospital tested positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 80% (n=20) of these isolates originated from tracheal aspirate samples and 20% (n=5) from bronchoalveolar lavage. Of these 25 isolates, 72% (n=18) were identified as Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA), of which NG-Test Carba 5 identified 33% (n=6) as producers of serine carbapenemase, 28% (n=5) as producers of enzyme not identified by the test, 22% (n=4) as producers of metallo-beta-lactamase, and 17% (n=3) as non-enzymatic. Considering only isolates producing serine carbapenemases, 50% showed resistance to ceftazidime/avibactam, 83.3% to amikacin, and 100% to tigecycline and ciprofloxacin. NG-Test Carba 5 identified all isolated serine carbapenemases as KPC producers and all isolated metallo-beta-lactamases as IMP producers. It was found that patients admitted to the Adult ICU with isolates of CRPA with enzymatic resistance mechanism in respiratory samples are related to patient mortality (p < 0.05). \u0000Conclusion: The study highlights high mortality rates and","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"93 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141797979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Textile dyes are an important class of synthetic organic compounds and are, therefore, common industrial pollutants. They are produced in large scale and may enter the environment during production or later on during fiber dying. Thus, there is a need for developing treatment methods that were more effective in eliminating dyes from textile waste soil as its source. Staphylococcus saprophyticus was isolated from soil of a textile plant and selected as the most active dye degrader of 11 isolates. The important parameters including temperature, pH, carbon and nitrogen source on crystal violet decolorization were investigated. Under the optimum conditions, dye decolorization (92.35%) was successfully achieved within 120 h. at 30°C, pH 8 with sucrose and beef extract as the energy source.
{"title":"Isolation and Characterization of Staphylococcus saprophyticus from Textile Industry Soil for Decolorization of Crystal Violet Dye","authors":"Krishna Ash, Sushma Ahalawat, Shailendra Kumar Srivastava, Sarvesh Kumar Mishra","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i81468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i81468","url":null,"abstract":"Textile dyes are an important class of synthetic organic compounds and are, therefore, common industrial pollutants. They are produced in large scale and may enter the environment during production or later on during fiber dying. Thus, there is a need for developing treatment methods that were more effective in eliminating dyes from textile waste soil as its source. Staphylococcus saprophyticus was isolated from soil of a textile plant and selected as the most active dye degrader of 11 isolates. The important parameters including temperature, pH, carbon and nitrogen source on crystal violet decolorization were investigated. Under the optimum conditions, dye decolorization (92.35%) was successfully achieved within 120 h. at 30°C, pH 8 with sucrose and beef extract as the energy source.","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"7 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141640646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-12DOI: 10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i81467
Priya John, K. Addangadi, Anjali Suansia, Megha Vyas
Xylaria is a large and first described genus of Xylariaceae which is generally recognized as one of the most diverse and relatively well-known largest family of Ascomycota. The fruiting bodies of Xylaria species were collected from Navsari, Gujarat during rainy season. All the specimens were examined for their morphological characters based on shape, size and colour of stromata followed by detailed microscopic examination of perithecia and ascospores with light microscope and were identified. From the total collection seven species were designated based on detailed macro- and micro-morphological characteristics. Among the different collected samples five were identified upto species level and two upto genus level. These were Xylariahypoxylon, X. longipes, X. polymorpha, X. filiformis and X. carpophila. The diversity of Xylaria species in this region invokes and unveils opportunities for exploring rich source of bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, terpenoids, cytochalasins, cell-degrading enzymes, exopolysaccharides, xylaramide, xylarinxyloketals, xylaranic acids and helvonic acid which exhibited antifungal and antibacterial activities. So, exploitation of Xylaria fungi creates new opportunities to develop bio-based commercial products to combat global crop and human pathogens.
{"title":"Morphological Exploration of Lignicolous Macrofungi: Xylaria","authors":"Priya John, K. Addangadi, Anjali Suansia, Megha Vyas","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i81467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i81467","url":null,"abstract":"Xylaria is a large and first described genus of Xylariaceae which is generally recognized as one of the most diverse and relatively well-known largest family of Ascomycota. The fruiting bodies of Xylaria species were collected from Navsari, Gujarat during rainy season. All the specimens were examined for their morphological characters based on shape, size and colour of stromata followed by detailed microscopic examination of perithecia and ascospores with light microscope and were identified. From the total collection seven species were designated based on detailed macro- and micro-morphological characteristics. Among the different collected samples five were identified upto species level and two upto genus level. These were Xylariahypoxylon, X. longipes, X. polymorpha, X. filiformis and X. carpophila. The diversity of Xylaria species in this region invokes and unveils opportunities for exploring rich source of bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, terpenoids, cytochalasins, cell-degrading enzymes, exopolysaccharides, xylaramide, xylarinxyloketals, xylaranic acids and helvonic acid which exhibited antifungal and antibacterial activities. So, exploitation of Xylaria fungi creates new opportunities to develop bio-based commercial products to combat global crop and human pathogens.","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"93 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141652618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-11DOI: 10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i81465
Gnahore Djeda Franck, M’bengue Gbonon Valérie, Sekongo Yassongui Mamadou, A. Stanislas, A. Aristide, Diplo Tchépe Flore Bernadette, Coulibaly Safiatou, Osseni Akandji, Afran Sidjè Arlette, N’guessan Jean David, Dosso Mireille
The gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem of microorganisms that maintains a symbiotic relationship with its host, contributing to digestion, metabolism, and immunity. Studies suggest that the microbiota may play a role in several non-communicable diseases, including certain cancers. It may also influence circulating estrogen levels through enzymes like β-glucuronidase, which affects estrogen reabsorption and thus increases the risk of breast cancer, especially in postmenopausal women. This study aimed to characterize the microbiota of breast cancer patients in Côte d'Ivoire to identify bacterial markers potentially associated with increased plasma estradiol concentrations. A case-control study was conducted at the Oncology Department of the CHU of Treichville, the National Blood Transfusion Center, and the Institut Pasteur de Côte d'Ivoire, recruiting 85 participants, including 39 patients and 46 controls, both premenopausal and postmenopausal. Characterization of the gut microbiota revealed a significant difference in microbiota diversity between breast cancer patients and controls. Quantification of plasma hormones and the use of the LEfSe algorithm identified eight bacterial genera potentially associated with increased plasma estradiol concentrations. These results open research avenues on the gut microbiota and estrogen levels, which could have significant implications for the prevention, diagnosis, and targeted treatment of breast cancer.
{"title":"Gut Microbiota and Estrogen Levels in Women Breast Cancer in Côte d'Ivoire","authors":"Gnahore Djeda Franck, M’bengue Gbonon Valérie, Sekongo Yassongui Mamadou, A. Stanislas, A. Aristide, Diplo Tchépe Flore Bernadette, Coulibaly Safiatou, Osseni Akandji, Afran Sidjè Arlette, N’guessan Jean David, Dosso Mireille","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i81465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i81465","url":null,"abstract":"The gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem of microorganisms that maintains a symbiotic relationship with its host, contributing to digestion, metabolism, and immunity. Studies suggest that the microbiota may play a role in several non-communicable diseases, including certain cancers. It may also influence circulating estrogen levels through enzymes like β-glucuronidase, which affects estrogen reabsorption and thus increases the risk of breast cancer, especially in postmenopausal women. This study aimed to characterize the microbiota of breast cancer patients in Côte d'Ivoire to identify bacterial markers potentially associated with increased plasma estradiol concentrations. A case-control study was conducted at the Oncology Department of the CHU of Treichville, the National Blood Transfusion Center, and the Institut Pasteur de Côte d'Ivoire, recruiting 85 participants, including 39 patients and 46 controls, both premenopausal and postmenopausal. Characterization of the gut microbiota revealed a significant difference in microbiota diversity between breast cancer patients and controls. Quantification of plasma hormones and the use of the LEfSe algorithm identified eight bacterial genera potentially associated with increased plasma estradiol concentrations. These results open research avenues on the gut microbiota and estrogen levels, which could have significant implications for the prevention, diagnosis, and targeted treatment of breast cancer.","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"132 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141656290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-11DOI: 10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i81466
Ashutosh Singh, Amit Kumar Pandey, Basavaraj A Dodmani, Swati, Ridhi Joshi, R. Wongamthing, Shubham Mishra, Rajshree Karanwal
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) play a crucial role in enhancing plant growth and nutrient acquisition. The impacts of pressures on crop yield have been made worse by climate change and agricultural practices such as overuse of pesticides and fertilizers, which have also damaged the environment. AMF are one environmentally friendly management strategy that is desperately needed to increase agricultural output. More importantly, it's widely acknowledged that the AMF inoculation confers resistance in host plants to a range of stressful environments, such as heat, salt, drought, metals, and abnormally high or low temperatures. This review paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the current understanding of AMF efficiency on various aspects of plant physiology, including nutrient uptake and overall plant development. The paper synthesizes information from recent studies to present a nuanced perspective on the multifaceted interactions between AMF and plants. Furthermore, challenges and future directions in AMF research are discussed, highlighting the need for a more integrated and holistic approach to harness the full potential of these fungi for enhancing plant productivity and nutrient acquisition.
{"title":"Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Efficiency on Plant Growth and Nutrient Acquisition: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"Ashutosh Singh, Amit Kumar Pandey, Basavaraj A Dodmani, Swati, Ridhi Joshi, R. Wongamthing, Shubham Mishra, Rajshree Karanwal","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i81466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i81466","url":null,"abstract":"Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) play a crucial role in enhancing plant growth and nutrient acquisition. The impacts of pressures on crop yield have been made worse by climate change and agricultural practices such as overuse of pesticides and fertilizers, which have also damaged the environment. AMF are one environmentally friendly management strategy that is desperately needed to increase agricultural output. More importantly, it's widely acknowledged that the AMF inoculation confers resistance in host plants to a range of stressful environments, such as heat, salt, drought, metals, and abnormally high or low temperatures. This review paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the current understanding of AMF efficiency on various aspects of plant physiology, including nutrient uptake and overall plant development. The paper synthesizes information from recent studies to present a nuanced perspective on the multifaceted interactions between AMF and plants. Furthermore, challenges and future directions in AMF research are discussed, highlighting the need for a more integrated and holistic approach to harness the full potential of these fungi for enhancing plant productivity and nutrient acquisition.","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"31 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141658680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i71464
T. Ozoude, Florence O. Onaburekhan, Evangeline Ukachi Amachree, Maryrose Ogechi Echeta
Aim: This study evaluated the microorganisms that cause spoilage of four different fruits sold in selected markets in Bwari Area Council, Abuja. Study Design: Factorial experimental design was employed for this study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Veritas University Abuja between July to September, 2020. Methodology: Twenty-four samples (6 samples each) of four different fruits were obtained from Zuma, Kubwa and Bwari market, in Bwari Area Council. Standard microbiological method was used for the isolation, enumeration and identification of the bacteria and fungi species. Percentages were used to determine the distribution of the isolates in the different locations. Data collected were also subjected to Chi square test at P=0.05 level of probability to check significance difference between the fruit’s location, abundance and occurrence of the isolates Results: After microbiological analysis of the twenty-four samples, it was observed that the bacterial isolates include; Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp while the fungal spp were of the genus Aspergillus, Fusarium and Mucor. The bacterial count ranged from 1.2 x 106 to 6.1 x106 Cfu/ml and that of fungi ranged from 3.1 x106 to 5.4 x 106 Cfu/ml while the most occurring bacterial species was Staphylococcus aureus and Aspergillus spp occurred most for the fungi isolates. The Statistical analysis showed that there was no significance difference between the occurrence and abundance of fungi and location. Conclusion: Bacteria and fungi are associated with the spoilage of the selected fruits in Bwari Area Council and contamination rates are relatively high. The most common fungi associated with pawpaw, mango, banana and watermelon spoilage were mainly Aspergillus flavus, Mucor species, Fusarium species and Aspergillus niger while bacteria associated with these fruits were Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella species, and Escherichia coli. However, the most abundant species of bacteria and fungi associated with spoilage of fruits in Bwari Area Council were Aspergillus species and Staphylococcus aureus respectively.
目的：本研究评估了阿布贾布瓦里区议会选定市场上出售的四种不同水果中导致变质的微生物。研究设计： 本研究采用因子实验设计。研究地点和时间：阿布贾维里塔斯大学微生物学系，2020 年 7 月至 9 月。研究方法从 Bwari 地区委员会的 Zuma、Kubwa 和 Bwari 市场获得了 24 份四种不同水果的样本（每份 6 个样本）。采用标准微生物学方法对细菌和真菌进行分离、计数和鉴定。百分比用于确定不同地点的分离物分布情况。还对收集的数据进行了 P=0.05 的概率水平的卡方检验，以检查水果的位置、丰度和分离物发生率之间的显著差异：对 24 个样本进行微生物分析后发现，细菌分离物包括金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和克雷伯氏菌，真菌分离物包括曲霉属、镰刀菌属和粘菌属。细菌计数范围为 1.2 x 106 到 6.1 x 106 Cfu/ml，真菌计数范围为 3.1 x 106 到 5.4 x 106 Cfu/ml，细菌中出现最多的是金黄色葡萄球菌，真菌中出现最多的是曲霉菌属。统计分析显示，真菌的发生率和丰度与地点之间没有显著差异。结论细菌和真菌与布瓦里地区委员会所选水果的腐败有关，污染率相对较高。与巴掌、芒果、香蕉和西瓜变质有关的最常见真菌主要是黄曲霉、粘菌、镰刀菌和黑曲霉，而与这些水果有关的细菌主要是金黄色葡萄球菌、克雷伯氏菌和大肠杆菌。然而，在布瓦里地区委员会，与水果变质有关的细菌和真菌种类最多的分别是曲霉菌和金黄色葡萄球菌。
{"title":"Investigating the Occurrence of Fungi and Bacteria in Fruits Spoilage in Selected Markets in Bwari Area Council Abuja, Nigeria","authors":"T. Ozoude, Florence O. Onaburekhan, Evangeline Ukachi Amachree, Maryrose Ogechi Echeta","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i71464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i71464","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study evaluated the microorganisms that cause spoilage of four different fruits sold in selected markets in Bwari Area Council, Abuja. \u0000Study Design: Factorial experimental design was employed for this study. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Veritas University Abuja between July to September, 2020. \u0000Methodology: Twenty-four samples (6 samples each) of four different fruits were obtained from Zuma, Kubwa and Bwari market, in Bwari Area Council. Standard microbiological method was used for the isolation, enumeration and identification of the bacteria and fungi species. Percentages were used to determine the distribution of the isolates in the different locations. Data collected were also subjected to Chi square test at P=0.05 level of probability to check significance difference between the fruit’s location, abundance and occurrence of the isolates \u0000Results: After microbiological analysis of the twenty-four samples, it was observed that the bacterial isolates include; Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp while the fungal spp were of the genus Aspergillus, Fusarium and Mucor. The bacterial count ranged from 1.2 x 106 to 6.1 x106 Cfu/ml and that of fungi ranged from 3.1 x106 to 5.4 x 106 Cfu/ml while the most occurring bacterial species was Staphylococcus aureus and Aspergillus spp occurred most for the fungi isolates. The Statistical analysis showed that there was no significance difference between the occurrence and abundance of fungi and location. \u0000Conclusion: Bacteria and fungi are associated with the spoilage of the selected fruits in Bwari Area Council and contamination rates are relatively high. The most common fungi associated with pawpaw, mango, banana and watermelon spoilage were mainly Aspergillus flavus, Mucor species, Fusarium species and Aspergillus niger while bacteria associated with these fruits were Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella species, and Escherichia coli. However, the most abundant species of bacteria and fungi associated with spoilage of fruits in Bwari Area Council were Aspergillus species and Staphylococcus aureus respectively.","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"48 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141683036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i71463
Kamagaté Tidiane, Gboko Abiba Ouattara, K. Dosso, Touré Abdoulaye, Boni Ahoussi Pascal, Kablan Ahmont Landry Claude
Urinary infections constitute a public health problem today and the responsible germs increasingly express their strong resistance to common antimicrobials. The use of plants or plant products in fight against these pathologies are considered to be a goood alternative. The objective of this study is to determine in vitro antioxidant power and antibacterial activity of aqueous and hydro-ethanolic extracts 70% of stem bark of Kaya senegalensis (Meliaceae) on clinical strains of E.coli and Staphylococcus spp. urinary infections and on two reference strains. The antioxidant activity was demonstrated by the ABTS radical cation trapping method using trolox as a reference. Sensitivity of strains to the two extracts and antibacterial parameters which are minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined respectively by punch well method in Mueller Hinton agar and liquid dilution method. Both extracts expressed a strong antioxidant power around 50 μmol TE/L of extract. The MICs varied from 6.25 mg/mL to 12.5 mg/mL for aqueous extract and from 6.25 mg/mL to 25 mg/mL for hydro-ethanolic extract. For all the strains MBC was identical to the MIC indicating that the two extracts have bactericidal power on the strains excluding the reference strain of S.aureus. These results suggest that K. senegalensis could be an alternative in the fight against urinary infections.
泌尿系统感染是当今的一个公共卫生问题，致病菌对普通抗菌药的抗药性越来越强。使用植物或植物产品来对抗这些病症被认为是一种不错的选择。本研究的目的是确定 70% 的卡亚塞内加尔茎皮水提取物和水乙醇提取物的体外抗氧化能力和抗菌活性，这些提取物对大肠杆菌和葡萄球菌属泌尿系统感染的临床菌株以及两种参考菌株具有抗菌活性。抗氧化活性是通过 ABTS 自由基阳离子捕获法（以三氯氧磷为参照物）证明的。采用穆勒欣顿琼脂冲孔法和液体稀释法分别测定了菌株对两种提取物的敏感性和抗菌参数，即最低抑菌浓度（MIC）和最低杀菌浓度（MBC）。两种提取物的抗氧化能力都在 50 μmol TE/L 左右。水提取物的 MIC 从 6.25 毫克/毫升到 12.5 毫克/毫升不等，水乙醇提取物的 MIC 从 6.25 毫克/毫升到 25 毫克/毫升不等。所有菌株的 MBC 与 MIC 相同，表明这两种提取物对除金黄色葡萄球菌参照菌株以外的菌株都有杀菌能力。这些结果表明，K. senegalensis 可以作为防治泌尿系统感染的一种替代药物。
{"title":"Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Aqueous and Alcoholic Stem Bark Extracts of Kaya Senegalensis (Desv) A. Juss., in Human Urinary Infections","authors":"Kamagaté Tidiane, Gboko Abiba Ouattara, K. Dosso, Touré Abdoulaye, Boni Ahoussi Pascal, Kablan Ahmont Landry Claude","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i71463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i71463","url":null,"abstract":"Urinary infections constitute a public health problem today and the responsible germs increasingly express their strong resistance to common antimicrobials. The use of plants or plant products in fight against these pathologies are considered to be a goood alternative. The objective of this study is to determine in vitro antioxidant power and antibacterial activity of aqueous and hydro-ethanolic extracts 70% of stem bark of Kaya senegalensis (Meliaceae) on clinical strains of E.coli and Staphylococcus spp. urinary infections and on two reference strains. The antioxidant activity was demonstrated by the ABTS radical cation trapping method using trolox as a reference. Sensitivity of strains to the two extracts and antibacterial parameters which are minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined respectively by punch well method in Mueller Hinton agar and liquid dilution method. Both extracts expressed a strong antioxidant power around 50 μmol TE/L of extract. The MICs varied from 6.25 mg/mL to 12.5 mg/mL for aqueous extract and from 6.25 mg/mL to 25 mg/mL for hydro-ethanolic extract. For all the strains MBC was identical to the MIC indicating that the two extracts have bactericidal power on the strains excluding the reference strain of S.aureus. These results suggest that K. senegalensis could be an alternative in the fight against urinary infections.","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141687959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i71462
Anas Abdullah Hamad
Giardia lamblia is a prevalent intestinal parasite that cause diarrhea among human beings and the life cycle is complicated and contains two stages for trophozoites and cysts. These stages are hardly eradicated by using prescribed drugs such as metronidazole. Aim: The purpose of this study was to identify the intestinal parasite Giardia lamblia in patients suffering from diarrhea and primary enteritis, then determine the antiparasitic activity of five plant extracts included (Zumeria majda, Thymus migricus, Artemisia santolina, Sargassum and Proskia) compared with available drug of metronidazole (MTZ) as an effective and first-time treatment against Giardia lamblia. Place and Duration of Study: It was performed between January 2023 to February 2024 at the laboratory of parasitology of three hospitals included Ramadi Teaching Hospital, Fallujah Teaching Hospital and Ramadi Teaching Hospital for Maternity and Children in Al-Anbar governorate of Iraq. A total of 1200 stool samples of patients were collected from both genders and ranged in age from 6 months to 65 years. Methodology: The stool samples were examined directly by formalin-ether test using a light microscope to confirm the presence of G. lamblia infection. Test tubes contained 1 mL of every extract at concentrations of 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 µg/mL before 10,000 cysts or trophozoites were added and then the tubes were incubated at 37°C for a period of 30, 120, and 360 minutes. A light microscope set to 400x magnification, smears made from residual cyst and trophozoite material were arranged individually on glass slides. The mean number of the extracted cysts and trophozoites were assessed using vital 0.1% eosin staining. Results: G. lamblia parasite infections accounted for 47.8% of all infections; males had a greater prevalence of the parasite (49.6%) than females (45.7%). In relation to other age groups, the incidences of G. lamblia infection were higher in the age groups of 6 months to 10 years and (11-20) years, at 55.17% and 47.6%, respectively. At the lowest concentrations of 75μg/mL and 100μg/mL following exposure times of 240 min and 360 min, all five plant extracts examined in this study included Zumeria majda, Thymus migricus, Artemisia santolina, Sargassum and Proskia had a significant effect and killed 100.0% of the cysts and trophozoites of G. lamblia in contrast to the MTZ, which showed the highest reduction rates 68.4% against cysts and 75.4% against trophozoites. Conclusion: To conclude, the study findings indicate that G. lamblia infections are more common in AL-Anbar province particularly in younger people. This can be attributed to a number of factors such as improper eating and drinking habits and an absence of respect for hygiene and public health standards. Plant-based extracts showed promising in vitro activity at low doses and short times of exposure, according to the results on G. lamblia. These findings could lead to the development of a novel therapeutic alt
{"title":"An Assessment of the Epidemiology and In vitro Susceptibility of Giardia lamblia Trophozoites and Cysts to a Variety of Plant Extracts","authors":"Anas Abdullah Hamad","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i71462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i71462","url":null,"abstract":"Giardia lamblia is a prevalent intestinal parasite that cause diarrhea among human beings and the life cycle is complicated and contains two stages for trophozoites and cysts. These stages are hardly eradicated by using prescribed drugs such as metronidazole. \u0000Aim: The purpose of this study was to identify the intestinal parasite Giardia lamblia in patients suffering from diarrhea and primary enteritis, then determine the antiparasitic activity of five plant extracts included (Zumeria majda, Thymus migricus, Artemisia santolina, Sargassum and Proskia) compared with available drug of metronidazole (MTZ) as an effective and first-time treatment against Giardia lamblia. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: It was performed between January 2023 to February 2024 at the laboratory of parasitology of three hospitals included Ramadi Teaching Hospital, Fallujah Teaching Hospital and Ramadi Teaching Hospital for Maternity and Children in Al-Anbar governorate of Iraq. A total of 1200 stool samples of patients were collected from both genders and ranged in age from 6 months to 65 years. \u0000Methodology: The stool samples were examined directly by formalin-ether test using a light microscope to confirm the presence of G. lamblia infection. Test tubes contained 1 mL of every extract at concentrations of 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 µg/mL before 10,000 cysts or trophozoites were added and then the tubes were incubated at 37°C for a period of 30, 120, and 360 minutes. A light microscope set to 400x magnification, smears made from residual cyst and trophozoite material were arranged individually on glass slides. The mean number of the extracted cysts and trophozoites were assessed using vital 0.1% eosin staining. \u0000Results: G. lamblia parasite infections accounted for 47.8% of all infections; males had a greater prevalence of the parasite (49.6%) than females (45.7%). In relation to other age groups, the incidences of G. lamblia infection were higher in the age groups of 6 months to 10 years and (11-20) years, at 55.17% and 47.6%, respectively. At the lowest concentrations of 75μg/mL and 100μg/mL following exposure times of 240 min and 360 min, all five plant extracts examined in this study included Zumeria majda, Thymus migricus, Artemisia santolina, Sargassum and Proskia had a significant effect and killed 100.0% of the cysts and trophozoites of G. lamblia in contrast to the MTZ, which showed the highest reduction rates 68.4% against cysts and 75.4% against trophozoites. \u0000Conclusion: To conclude, the study findings indicate that G. lamblia infections are more common in AL-Anbar province particularly in younger people. This can be attributed to a number of factors such as improper eating and drinking habits and an absence of respect for hygiene and public health standards. Plant-based extracts showed promising in vitro activity at low doses and short times of exposure, according to the results on G. lamblia. These findings could lead to the development of a novel therapeutic alt","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"36 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141716775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-12DOI: 10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i71457
Marie-Paule Aboueuh Atse, M. F. D. P. N’gbesso, Allepo Innocent Abe, Noupé Diakaria Coulibaly, Katiénapariga Tayourou Yéo, Louis Butare, Ibrahim Konaté
Phaseolus vulgaris L. (common bean) is an agriculturally important legume that benefits from a symbiosis with bacteria belonging to the genus Rhizobium. Growing interest in the use of rhizobia as biofertilizers has led to the identification of a large number of rhizobia strains and studies of their diversity. Although much research has been carried out on rhizobia, there is little data on the diversity of rhizobia associated with common bean in Côte d'Ivoire. This study assessed the species diversity of common bean nodulating bacteria in ivorian soils. This diversity was assessed based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Ten high-performance bacterial isolates extracted from common bean nodules were used for genetic analysis. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the native isolates were closely affiliated with members of the genera Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, Allorhizobium and Sinorhizobium demonstrating the presence of a diversity of native bean nodule bacteria. This study also reports for the first time the presence of Allorhizobium taibaishanense in common bean nodules. These results constitute an important step in the development of an effective microbial inoculum and sustainable food production.
{"title":"Diversity and Phylogeny of Symbiotic Bacteria Nodulating Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Côte d’Ivoire","authors":"Marie-Paule Aboueuh Atse, M. F. D. P. N’gbesso, Allepo Innocent Abe, Noupé Diakaria Coulibaly, Katiénapariga Tayourou Yéo, Louis Butare, Ibrahim Konaté","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i71457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i71457","url":null,"abstract":"Phaseolus vulgaris L. (common bean) is an agriculturally important legume that benefits from a symbiosis with bacteria belonging to the genus Rhizobium. Growing interest in the use of rhizobia as biofertilizers has led to the identification of a large number of rhizobia strains and studies of their diversity. Although much research has been carried out on rhizobia, there is little data on the diversity of rhizobia associated with common bean in Côte d'Ivoire. This study assessed the species diversity of common bean nodulating bacteria in ivorian soils. This diversity was assessed based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Ten high-performance bacterial isolates extracted from common bean nodules were used for genetic analysis. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the native isolates were closely affiliated with members of the genera Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, Allorhizobium and Sinorhizobium demonstrating the presence of a diversity of native bean nodule bacteria. This study also reports for the first time the presence of Allorhizobium taibaishanense in common bean nodules. These results constitute an important step in the development of an effective microbial inoculum and sustainable food production.","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"18 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141350657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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