Pub Date : 2024-06-11DOI: 10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i71456
Vinuthana V H, Yallappa M, Mahadevaswamy, Pampanagouda, Savita A S
Plant-associated microbes affect growth, nutrient acquisition, tolerance to different stress conditions and etc. by the plant. However, beneficial microbes influencing weeds biosynthesis remain largely unexplored and unexploited. Phosphorus is one of essential macro-minerals for the growth and development of chilli plants. The main objective of this study was to isolate characterize and evaluation of the PGPR characters of PSB from weed rhizosphere of the chilli ecosystem. Totally 40 PSB isolates were isolated from different weeds in the chilli ecosystem and were subjected to biochemical characterization where 13 isolates were found positive for starch hydrolysis, 35 isolates were positive for acid production, 12isolates were positive for gas production, 40 isolates were positive for catalase production, 5 isolates were positive for H2S production, 13 isolates were positive for urease production and remaining all isolated were negative for the respective tests. Based on morphological and biochemical characterization, the isolates were tentatively identified as Bacillus sp and Pseudomonas sp.
{"title":"Exploring the Hidden Treasures: Isolation, Characterization and Screening of Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) for Plant Growth-Promoting Traits from Chilli Field Weeds Rhizosphere","authors":"Vinuthana V H, Yallappa M, Mahadevaswamy, Pampanagouda, Savita A S","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i71456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i71456","url":null,"abstract":"Plant-associated microbes affect growth, nutrient acquisition, tolerance to different stress conditions and etc. by the plant. However, beneficial microbes influencing weeds biosynthesis remain largely unexplored and unexploited. Phosphorus is one of essential macro-minerals for the growth and development of chilli plants. The main objective of this study was to isolate characterize and evaluation of the PGPR characters of PSB from weed rhizosphere of the chilli ecosystem. Totally 40 PSB isolates were isolated from different weeds in the chilli ecosystem and were subjected to biochemical characterization where 13 isolates were found positive for starch hydrolysis, 35 isolates were positive for acid production, 12isolates were positive for gas production, 40 isolates were positive for catalase production, 5 isolates were positive for H2S production, 13 isolates were positive for urease production and remaining all isolated were negative for the respective tests. Based on morphological and biochemical characterization, the isolates were tentatively identified as Bacillus sp and Pseudomonas sp.","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141357582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-08DOI: 10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i71455
Zébré Arthur Constant, T. Bertin, C. Bakary, Coulibali Sioménan, N’dri N’Guessan Alexandre, Konaté Ibrahim, Koffi-Nevry Rose, Connil Nathalie
Bacteria are a real public health problem because of their involvement in many diseases. Their resistance to antibiotics has become one of the most important problems in the fight against infectious diseases worldwide. The objective of this work was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of hydrazide-hydrazone derivatives against pathogenic strains isolated from food using the agar diffusion method in cups and the macro-dilution method in liquid medium. In this work, a survey was conducted among food vendors on the four security corridors of the city of Daloa. A structured questionnaire was administered to 127 vendors and a total of 60 food samples were collected from the four corridors and analysed. The results indicate that the majority of food sales at these security corridors are carried out by women (88.12%). The vendors were mostly adults (59.84%) aged between 15 and 35, with no formal education (50.39%). Microbiological analysis of the 2 types of food showed the presence of enterobacteria above the recommended thresholds. Concerning the antimicrobial effectiveness explored, four substances (AEV5, AB2, AB3 and AB5) revealed antibacterial activity. The MBC/MIC ratio of all these substances being less than 4 indicates that these synthesised substances all have bactericidal activity. As a result, substances derived from S-alkylation and Mannich bases can be used to combat bacterial infections.
{"title":"Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Hydrazide-Hydrazone Derivatives against Food Borne Pathogens","authors":"Zébré Arthur Constant, T. Bertin, C. Bakary, Coulibali Sioménan, N’dri N’Guessan Alexandre, Konaté Ibrahim, Koffi-Nevry Rose, Connil Nathalie","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i71455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i71455","url":null,"abstract":"Bacteria are a real public health problem because of their involvement in many diseases. Their resistance to antibiotics has become one of the most important problems in the fight against infectious diseases worldwide. The objective of this work was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of hydrazide-hydrazone derivatives against pathogenic strains isolated from food using the agar diffusion method in cups and the macro-dilution method in liquid medium. \u0000In this work, a survey was conducted among food vendors on the four security corridors of the city of Daloa. A structured questionnaire was administered to 127 vendors and a total of 60 food samples were collected from the four corridors and analysed. \u0000The results indicate that the majority of food sales at these security corridors are carried out by women (88.12%). The vendors were mostly adults (59.84%) aged between 15 and 35, with no formal education (50.39%). Microbiological analysis of the 2 types of food showed the presence of enterobacteria above the recommended thresholds. Concerning the antimicrobial effectiveness explored, four substances (AEV5, AB2, AB3 and AB5) revealed antibacterial activity. The MBC/MIC ratio of all these substances being less than 4 indicates that these synthesised substances all have bactericidal activity. As a result, substances derived from S-alkylation and Mannich bases can be used to combat bacterial infections.","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141368629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-04DOI: 10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i71454
Basma. M. Doro, Nour Abdulraziq Alsousaa, Raja Momen
Aims: This study to investigate the most prevalent pathogens that cause corneal ulcer in Tripoli-Libya, and to recognize the antibiogram of the isolated pathogens Study Design: This study was a prospective study performed in eye hospital (Zawyet-Aldahmany eye hospital). Place and Duration of Study: It was conducted at the microbiology laboratory of the hospital over a year from December 2018 to January 2020, The overall size of the sample enrolled in this study was 50 inpatients in the admission department, which was taken according to the incidence of the corneal ulceration cases admitted to the hospital. Methodology: The corneal scrapings and swabs were collected and subjected to microbiological examination. Demographic data and risk factors were collected for each patient. The antibiotic susceptibility of the bacterial microorganisms was determined by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, to identify the most appropriate antibiotic for each bacterial isolate. Results: 60% of the patients were males, the mean age of the patients was 46.5 years, unilateral right eye keratitis was involved in (54%) of cases, trauma was the major risk factor (24%), followed by systemic disease (14%). Concerning the seasonal distribution of the cases between months, our study revealed that summer and winter seasons in Libya (January, July, August, and September) involved most of the cases, and interestingly, fungal keratitis (Aspergillus) was higher in (July, August), which is the summer season in Libya. The culture positive rate was (80%), of which (36%) were bacterial, and (22%) were fungal pathogens, and the other (22%) were mixed fungal and bacterial cultures. The most common bacterial isolate was (26%) P.aeruginosa and (16%) staphylococcus aureus, while Aspergillus (40%) was the most common fungal isolate, followed by Penicillium and fusarium species. Our results showed that P.aeruginosa was the responsible microorganism for rapid keratitis progression in three cases who were using cosmetic lenses promptly. Concerning antibiotic sensitivity, all gram-negative bacteria and positive isolates were susceptible to old-generation fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, while ceftazidime showed resistance to penicillins. Conclusion: In conclusion, with early suspicion and microbiological diagnostic procedures, appropriate therapy can only reduce the incidence of this threatening ocular case.
{"title":"Phenotypic Screening and Antibiogram of Infectious Ulcerative Keratitis Cases in Tripoli Eye Hospital, Libya","authors":"Basma. M. Doro, Nour Abdulraziq Alsousaa, Raja Momen","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i71454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i71454","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study to investigate the most prevalent pathogens that cause corneal ulcer in Tripoli-Libya, and to recognize the antibiogram of the isolated pathogens \u0000Study Design: This study was a prospective study performed in eye hospital (Zawyet-Aldahmany eye hospital). \u0000Place and Duration of Study: It was conducted at the microbiology laboratory of the hospital over a year from December 2018 to January 2020, The overall size of the sample enrolled in this study was 50 inpatients in the admission department, which was taken according to the incidence of the corneal ulceration cases admitted to the hospital. \u0000Methodology: The corneal scrapings and swabs were collected and subjected to microbiological examination. Demographic data and risk factors were collected for each patient. The antibiotic susceptibility of the bacterial microorganisms was determined by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, to identify the most appropriate antibiotic for each bacterial isolate. \u0000Results: 60% of the patients were males, the mean age of the patients was 46.5 years, unilateral right eye keratitis was involved in (54%) of cases, trauma was the major risk factor (24%), followed by systemic disease (14%). Concerning the seasonal distribution of the cases between months, our study revealed that summer and winter seasons in Libya (January, July, August, and September) involved most of the cases, and interestingly, fungal keratitis (Aspergillus) was higher in (July, August), which is the summer season in Libya. The culture positive rate was (80%), of which (36%) were bacterial, and (22%) were fungal pathogens, and the other (22%) were mixed fungal and bacterial cultures. The most common bacterial isolate was (26%) P.aeruginosa and (16%) staphylococcus aureus, while Aspergillus (40%) was the most common fungal isolate, followed by Penicillium and fusarium species. Our results showed that P.aeruginosa was the responsible microorganism for rapid keratitis progression in three cases who were using cosmetic lenses promptly. Concerning antibiotic sensitivity, all gram-negative bacteria and positive isolates were susceptible to old-generation fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, while ceftazidime showed resistance to penicillins. \u0000Conclusion: In conclusion, with early suspicion and microbiological diagnostic procedures, appropriate therapy can only reduce the incidence of this threatening ocular case.","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"1 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141266512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-22DOI: 10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i61448
Harshali N. Shende, Varsha Satankar, V. Mageshwaran
Aims: The present work is aimed to prepare microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) powder from cotton linters by an eco-friendly bio-chemical process and to evaluate the prepared MCC as tablet excipients. Study Design: Randomized Complete Block Design. Place and Duration of Study: Ginning Training Center, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India during June to December, 2019. Methodology: The MCC was prepared from cotton linters by enzymatic and chemical methods and compared with commercial grade MCC (Avicel® PH101). The crude enzyme extract of Aspergillus sp. VM-1 was obtained by solid-state fermentation and used for hydrolysis of cotton linters at 60℃ for 60 min. In the chemical process, 10% alkali was used for hydrolysis at boiling temperature for 60 min. In both the processes, the hydrolyzed cotton linters were bleached with hydrogen peroxide. The MCC powders were characterized for physico-chemical and tableting properties based on Indian Pharmacopeia (IP) and Untied States Pharmacopeia (USP) specifications. Results: The α-cellulose content (%) in the synthesized MCC by enzymatic process was 98.1 while the commercial grade MCC, Avicel® PH101 had 98.5. The physico-chemical properties of synthesized MCC by enzymatic process were comparable with Avicel PH101 and meet the IP standards. The degree of polymerization (DP) of prepared MCC and Avicel PH101 were 215 and 157, respectively. The FT-IR spectrum of synthesized MCC had similarity to that of Avicel® PH101. The tableting properties of prepared MCC met USP standards. The MCC prepared from cotton linters by enzymatic was found to be superior to chemical process with respect to cellulose yield, degree of polymerization and tablet dissolution property. Conclusion: The results showed MCC synthesized from cotton linters through enzymatic route is a promising candidate for direct compressible excipient of tablet. The present study highlights that the enzymatic process significantly reduces the alkali usage and heating temperature and thus saves the chemicals and energy in the process.
{"title":"Bio-chemical Preparation of Microcrystalline Cellulose Powder from Cotton Linters for Utilization as Tablet Excipients","authors":"Harshali N. Shende, Varsha Satankar, V. Mageshwaran","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i61448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i61448","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The present work is aimed to prepare microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) powder from cotton linters by an eco-friendly bio-chemical process and to evaluate the prepared MCC as tablet excipients. \u0000Study Design: Randomized Complete Block Design. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Ginning Training Center, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India during June to December, 2019. \u0000Methodology: The MCC was prepared from cotton linters by enzymatic and chemical methods and compared with commercial grade MCC (Avicel® PH101). The crude enzyme extract of Aspergillus sp. VM-1 was obtained by solid-state fermentation and used for hydrolysis of cotton linters at 60℃ for 60 min. In the chemical process, 10% alkali was used for hydrolysis at boiling temperature for 60 min. In both the processes, the hydrolyzed cotton linters were bleached with hydrogen peroxide. The MCC powders were characterized for physico-chemical and tableting properties based on Indian Pharmacopeia (IP) and Untied States Pharmacopeia (USP) specifications. \u0000Results: The α-cellulose content (%) in the synthesized MCC by enzymatic process was 98.1 while the commercial grade MCC, Avicel® PH101 had 98.5. The physico-chemical properties of synthesized MCC by enzymatic process were comparable with Avicel PH101 and meet the IP standards. The degree of polymerization (DP) of prepared MCC and Avicel PH101 were 215 and 157, respectively. The FT-IR spectrum of synthesized MCC had similarity to that of Avicel® PH101. The tableting properties of prepared MCC met USP standards. The MCC prepared from cotton linters by enzymatic was found to be superior to chemical process with respect to cellulose yield, degree of polymerization and tablet dissolution property. \u0000Conclusion: The results showed MCC synthesized from cotton linters through enzymatic route is a promising candidate for direct compressible excipient of tablet. The present study highlights that the enzymatic process significantly reduces the alkali usage and heating temperature and thus saves the chemicals and energy in the process. ","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141111046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-17DOI: 10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i61447
Irfan Ahmad, Mujeebur Rahman Khan
Green grams are the most valuable pulse crops in terms of plant-based protein, dietary fiber, and various phytochemicals. Although green gram is found susceptible to the soil-borne fungus Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid, it leads to severe root-rot disease and causes a significant reduction in crop yield. Thus, the study aims to determine the bioefficacy of indigenous isolates of biocontrol fungi and bacteria viz., T. asperelloides AMUTASPD-51, T. asperellum AMUTASPM-51, T. asperellum AMUTASPM-52, T. asperellum AMUTASPM-53, T. atroviride AMUTATROV-31, T. harzianum AMUTHZ-71, T. harzianum AMUTHZ-72, T. harzianum AMUTHZ-73, T. harzianum AMUTHZ-74, T. hamatum AMUTHM-31, T. viride AMUTVR-61, T. viride AMUTVR-62, T. virens AMUTVNS-41, T. longibrachiatum AMUTLONB-41, Pochonia chlamydosporia AMUPC-31, Purpureocillium lilacinum AMUPL-31, Aspergillus niger AMUAN-41, Bacillus subtilis AMUBS-80 and Pseudomonas fluorescens AMUPF-80 against Macrophomina phaseolina AMUMP-2 by using dual inoculation technique for seven days incubation at a temperature under in-vitro condition. All species of Trichoderma fungus showed high biocontrol potential to suppress the radial growth of M. phaseolina AMUMP-2 over control. Among the biocontrol fungi and bacteria, T. viride AMUTVR-61 resulted in the highest radial inhibition of M. phaseolina AMUMP-2 by 95.0% over control. The T. harzianum AMUTHZ-72 was second most effective in decreasing the radial growth by 94.2% of the pathogens, followed by T. harzianum AMUTHZ-71 (92.8%), T. asperellum AMUTASPM-53 (86.1%), and T. harzianum AMUTHZ-74 (83.7%) over control. However, B. subtilis AMUBS-80 was found to be the least effective, suppressing radial inhibition of M. phaseolina AMUMP-2 by 21.7% over control. The present study indicates that T. viride AMUTVR-61 and T. harzianum AMUTHZ-72 were the most significant indigenous biocontrol fungi against M. phaseolina AMUMP-2. Furthermore, its application led to a substantial decrease in the soil-borne pathogen population that affects plant health, especially green gram, and adverse environmental and human effects.
{"title":"Bioefficacy of Indigenous Isolates of Biocontrol Fungi and Bacteria against Macrophomina Phaseolina Causing Root Rot Disease in Green Gram","authors":"Irfan Ahmad, Mujeebur Rahman Khan","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i61447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i61447","url":null,"abstract":"Green grams are the most valuable pulse crops in terms of plant-based protein, dietary fiber, and various phytochemicals. Although green gram is found susceptible to the soil-borne fungus Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid, it leads to severe root-rot disease and causes a significant reduction in crop yield. Thus, the study aims to determine the bioefficacy of indigenous isolates of biocontrol fungi and bacteria viz., T. asperelloides AMUTASPD-51, T. asperellum AMUTASPM-51, T. asperellum AMUTASPM-52, T. asperellum AMUTASPM-53, T. atroviride AMUTATROV-31, T. harzianum AMUTHZ-71, T. harzianum AMUTHZ-72, T. harzianum AMUTHZ-73, T. harzianum AMUTHZ-74, T. hamatum AMUTHM-31, T. viride AMUTVR-61, T. viride AMUTVR-62, T. virens AMUTVNS-41, T. longibrachiatum AMUTLONB-41, Pochonia chlamydosporia AMUPC-31, Purpureocillium lilacinum AMUPL-31, Aspergillus niger AMUAN-41, Bacillus subtilis AMUBS-80 and Pseudomonas fluorescens AMUPF-80 against Macrophomina phaseolina AMUMP-2 by using dual inoculation technique for seven days incubation at a temperature under in-vitro condition. All species of Trichoderma fungus showed high biocontrol potential to suppress the radial growth of M. phaseolina AMUMP-2 over control. Among the biocontrol fungi and bacteria, T. viride AMUTVR-61 resulted in the highest radial inhibition of M. phaseolina AMUMP-2 by 95.0% over control. The T. harzianum AMUTHZ-72 was second most effective in decreasing the radial growth by 94.2% of the pathogens, followed by T. harzianum AMUTHZ-71 (92.8%), T. asperellum AMUTASPM-53 (86.1%), and T. harzianum AMUTHZ-74 (83.7%) over control. However, B. subtilis AMUBS-80 was found to be the least effective, suppressing radial inhibition of M. phaseolina AMUMP-2 by 21.7% over control. The present study indicates that T. viride AMUTVR-61 and T. harzianum AMUTHZ-72 were the most significant indigenous biocontrol fungi against M. phaseolina AMUMP-2. Furthermore, its application led to a substantial decrease in the soil-borne pathogen population that affects plant health, especially green gram, and adverse environmental and human effects.","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140964908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-16DOI: 10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i51446
Echendu M. N., Ekuma U. O., Ihenetu F. C., Chikwendu C. I., Nwabueze R. N.
Background: Pregnancy induces so many changes in the woman’s body that likely predisposes them to Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii which causes Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs). Aims: To determine the prevalence of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii in urine samples of pregnant women attending ante-natal clinics at three health institutions within the study area. Study Design: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology Federal University Teaching Hospital, Owerri, Teaching Hospital Orlu and General Hospital Okigwe, Imo State between October 2021 and February 2022. Methodology: Urine samples were collected aseptically from 408 pregnant women between 18-45 years and analyzed by culturing onto the surface of freshly prepared MacConkey and Chromogenic agar plates for the isolation of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii respectively and confirmed by appropriate biochemical tests. Results: From the results, there was a prevalence rate of 145/408 (35.54%) for both isolates with Klebsiella pneumoniae being more dominant with a prevalence rate of 96/408 (23.53%) as against Acinetobacter baumannii that was 49/408 (12.01%). The highest prevalence of the isolates was seen in the Owerri zone with a prevalence rate of 37 (9.07%) for Klebsiella pneumoniae and 23 (5.64%) for Acinetobacter baumannii, respectively. The highest age-specific prevalence of the isolates within the three zones was observed in the 24–29-year-olds with a prevalence rate of 42 (10.29%) in the Owerri zone. In contrast, the prevalence of both organisms was higher in pregnant women in their third trimester of pregnancy with a prevalence rate of 72 (17.65%) and in multigravida women with a prevalence rate of 217 (53.2%). Conclusion: The results from this study showed that these isolates are becoming more predominant in causing both symptomatic and asymptomatic urinary tract infections in pregnant women, hence regular check-ups and proper treatments of urinary tract infections in pregnant women should be encouraged.
{"title":"Prevalence of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii in Urine Samples of Pregnant Women in South-East, Nigeria","authors":"Echendu M. N., Ekuma U. O., Ihenetu F. C., Chikwendu C. I., Nwabueze R. N.","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i51446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i51446","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pregnancy induces so many changes in the woman’s body that likely predisposes them to Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii which causes Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs).\u0000Aims: To determine the prevalence of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii in urine samples of pregnant women attending ante-natal clinics at three health institutions within the study area.\u0000Study Design: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study.\u0000Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology Federal University Teaching Hospital, Owerri, Teaching Hospital Orlu and General Hospital Okigwe, Imo State between October 2021 and February 2022.\u0000Methodology: Urine samples were collected aseptically from 408 pregnant women between 18-45 years and analyzed by culturing onto the surface of freshly prepared MacConkey and Chromogenic agar plates for the isolation of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii respectively and confirmed by appropriate biochemical tests.\u0000Results: From the results, there was a prevalence rate of 145/408 (35.54%) for both isolates with Klebsiella pneumoniae being more dominant with a prevalence rate of 96/408 (23.53%) as against Acinetobacter baumannii that was 49/408 (12.01%). The highest prevalence of the isolates was seen in the Owerri zone with a prevalence rate of 37 (9.07%) for Klebsiella pneumoniae and 23 (5.64%) for Acinetobacter baumannii, respectively. The highest age-specific prevalence of the isolates within the three zones was observed in the 24–29-year-olds with a prevalence rate of 42 (10.29%) in the Owerri zone. In contrast, the prevalence of both organisms was higher in pregnant women in their third trimester of pregnancy with a prevalence rate of 72 (17.65%) and in multigravida women with a prevalence rate of 217 (53.2%).\u0000Conclusion: The results from this study showed that these isolates are becoming more predominant in causing both symptomatic and asymptomatic urinary tract infections in pregnant women, hence regular check-ups and proper treatments of urinary tract infections in pregnant women should be encouraged.","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"15 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140968879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-14DOI: 10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i51445
Pratibha Gavel, N. Swaroop, T. Thomas, V. Sehra, Ashima Thomas
An experiment was conducted “to determine the influence of different level of NPK and Rhizobium on physico-chemical properties of soil, growth and yield attribute to black gram (Vigna mungo L. var. Shekhar-2) during Zaid season 2023-2024 at the Research farm Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Naini Agriculture Institute , SHUATS, Prayagraj The design applied was 3x3 factorial randomized complete block design having three levels of NPK @ 0, 50 and 100% ha-1 and three levels of Rhizobium @ 0, 50 and 100% ha-1 respectively. The soil samples from experimental site before conducting research operation, revealed that, soil is of sandy loam texture with neutral to alkaline in reaction and significantly highest in treatment T1. The result shows that application of different levels combination of inorganic fertilizers and improved soil chemical properties of black gram.
为确定不同水平的氮磷钾和根瘤菌对土壤理化性质、黑禾（Vigna mungo L. var. Shekhar-2）的生长和产量属性的影响，于 2023-2024 年的扎伊德季节在普拉亚杰（Prayagraj）奈尼农业研究所土壤科学和农业化学研究室的研究农场进行了一项实验。采用的设计是 3x3 因式随机完全区组设计，氮磷钾水平分别为 0、50 和 100% ha-1，根瘤菌水平分别为 0、50 和 100% ha-1。研究工作开始前从试验地采集的土壤样本显示，土壤质地为沙壤土，呈中性至碱性反应，处理 T1 的土壤酸碱度明显最高。结果表明，施用不同水平的无机肥料组合改善了黑穗醋栗的土壤化学性质。
{"title":"Influence of Different Level of NPK and Rhizobium on Physico Chemical Properties of Soil, Growth and Yield Attribute of Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) Var: Shekhar-2","authors":"Pratibha Gavel, N. Swaroop, T. Thomas, V. Sehra, Ashima Thomas","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i51445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i51445","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted “to determine the influence of different level of NPK and Rhizobium on physico-chemical properties of soil, growth and yield attribute to black gram (Vigna mungo L. var. Shekhar-2) during Zaid season 2023-2024 at the Research farm Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Naini Agriculture Institute , SHUATS, Prayagraj The design applied was 3x3 factorial randomized complete block design having three levels of NPK @ 0, 50 and 100% ha-1 and three levels of Rhizobium @ 0, 50 and 100% ha-1 respectively. The soil samples from experimental site before conducting research operation, revealed that, soil is of sandy loam texture with neutral to alkaline in reaction and significantly highest in treatment T1. The result shows that application of different levels combination of inorganic fertilizers and improved soil chemical properties of black gram.","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"95 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140978564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-13DOI: 10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i51444
Ashok Vikey, Astha Pusame
Background: Candida is opportunistic microorganisms in oral cavity, causes oral candidiasis. The presence of candida and subspecies in oral premalignant lesions may intensify the infection and transform pre malignant lesions into cancer. Objective: To isolate various types of candida species, among Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and Oral lichen Planus (OLP) patients. Methodology: Total 60 individuals included and grouped as; OSMF (n=20) group A, Lichen Planus (n=10); group B and Controls (n=30) group C. Results: The higher candida carriage revealed in OSMF+ OLP groups (23.3%) as compared to controls (10%). The species level findings showed 13.3% of candida albicans in OSMF+ OLP and 6.7% in controls, candida krusei 6.7% in OSMF+ OLP and 3.3% in controls and non candida albicans were 10% in OSMF+ OLP and 6.7% in control group respectively. Conclusion: This basic understanding of candida species and their association with potentially malignant disorders will help in better interventions, so as to restrict the lesion before it transform in to malignancy.
背景：念珠菌是口腔中的机会性微生物，可引起口腔念珠菌病。口腔恶性前病变中念珠菌及其亚种的存在可能会加剧感染，并将恶性前病变转化为癌症：在口腔黏膜下纤维化（OSMF）和口腔扁平苔藓（OLP）患者中分离各种类型的念珠菌：方法：共纳入 60 名患者，分为 A 组（OSMF，n=20）、B 组（扁平苔藓，n=10）和 C 组（对照组，n=30）：结果：与对照组（10%）相比，OSMF+ OLP 组的念珠菌携带率更高（23.3%）。物种水平的研究结果显示，OSMF+ OLP组的白色念珠菌携带率为13.3%，对照组为6.7%；OSMF+ OLP组的克鲁赛念珠菌携带率为6.7%，对照组为3.3%；OSMF+ OLP组的非白色念珠菌携带率为10%，对照组为6.7%：对念珠菌种类及其与潜在恶性疾病的关系的基本了解将有助于更好地进行干预，从而在病变转化为恶性疾病之前将其控制住。
{"title":"Evaluation of Candidal Species in Oral Submucous Fibrosis and Oral Lichen Planus: A Microbiological Study","authors":"Ashok Vikey, Astha Pusame","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i51444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i51444","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Candida is opportunistic microorganisms in oral cavity, causes oral candidiasis. The presence of candida and subspecies in oral premalignant lesions may intensify the infection and transform pre malignant lesions into cancer.\u0000Objective: To isolate various types of candida species, among Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and Oral lichen Planus (OLP) patients.\u0000Methodology: Total 60 individuals included and grouped as; OSMF (n=20) group A, Lichen Planus (n=10); group B and Controls (n=30) group C.\u0000Results: The higher candida carriage revealed in OSMF+ OLP groups (23.3%) as compared to controls (10%). The species level findings showed 13.3% of candida albicans in OSMF+ OLP and 6.7% in controls, candida krusei 6.7% in OSMF+ OLP and 3.3% in controls and non candida albicans were 10% in OSMF+ OLP and 6.7% in control group respectively.\u0000Conclusion: This basic understanding of candida species and their association with potentially malignant disorders will help in better interventions, so as to restrict the lesion before it transform in to malignancy.","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"46 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140983882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-07DOI: 10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i51443
M. Muthukumaran, A. A. Narayana, A. D. Babu, Amogha K.R, Wankasaki Lytand, G. Gomadhi, S. J. Prabhavathi, G. Malathi, Abhijit Debnath
Plastic pollution, particularly from polythene (polyethylene), has emerged as a significant environmental concern worldwide. In response to this challenge, microbial perspectives on polythene biodegradation have garnered attention as potential solutions to mitigate plastic pollution. This article provides an overview of the mechanisms underlying microbial polythene biodegradation, including surface erosion, biofilm formation, metabolic pathways, synergistic interactions, and adaptation. Furthermore, it explores the diversity of polythene-degrading microorganisms and their roles in plastic degradation across different environments. Environmental factors influencing polythene biodegradation, such as temperature, pH, moisture, and nutrient availability, are discussed, along with strategies to optimize degradation rates. Biotechnological approaches, including microbial consortia development and genetic engineering, are highlighted as promising avenues to enhance polythene degradation efficiency. The article concludes with a discussion on the potential of microbial perspectives to address plastic pollution and outlines future research directions in this field.
{"title":"Microbial Perspectives on Polythene Biodegradation: Exploring the Role of Microorganisms in Addressing Plastic Pollution","authors":"M. Muthukumaran, A. A. Narayana, A. D. Babu, Amogha K.R, Wankasaki Lytand, G. Gomadhi, S. J. Prabhavathi, G. Malathi, Abhijit Debnath","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i51443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i51443","url":null,"abstract":"Plastic pollution, particularly from polythene (polyethylene), has emerged as a significant environmental concern worldwide. In response to this challenge, microbial perspectives on polythene biodegradation have garnered attention as potential solutions to mitigate plastic pollution. This article provides an overview of the mechanisms underlying microbial polythene biodegradation, including surface erosion, biofilm formation, metabolic pathways, synergistic interactions, and adaptation. Furthermore, it explores the diversity of polythene-degrading microorganisms and their roles in plastic degradation across different environments. Environmental factors influencing polythene biodegradation, such as temperature, pH, moisture, and nutrient availability, are discussed, along with strategies to optimize degradation rates. Biotechnological approaches, including microbial consortia development and genetic engineering, are highlighted as promising avenues to enhance polythene degradation efficiency. The article concludes with a discussion on the potential of microbial perspectives to address plastic pollution and outlines future research directions in this field.","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"83 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141004112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-02DOI: 10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i51442
Santhoshinii Elango, Yumkhaibam Sonia Shahni, R. Padamini, Sanjay Hazarika, R. Wongamthing, Sourav Oraon, Chandan Kumar Panigrahi, Anil Kumar, R. Thangaraj
Reducing agricultural production inputs while maintaining a lucrative yield of high-quality goods is becoming more and more necessary as a result of the global sustainability agenda. Plant diseases pose a significant threat to productivity and product quality, yet many times there are no adequate measures available to control them. Consequently, research on substitute methods of crop protection has been mandated and has garnered significant interest from scholars around. A number of biological control agents (BCAs), including Bacillus, Pantoea, Streptomyces, Trichoderma, Clonostachys, Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, and specific yeasts, have been screened. Of these alternatives, biological controls through beneficial microorganisms have gained significant importance. BCAs, at the very least, support other sustainable disease management strategies like disease resistance and offer chances to control illnesses for whom alternative strategies are unfeasible or unobtainable. It is reasonable to anticipate that BCAs will be used more often to manage agricultural diseases in environmentally friendly ways.
{"title":"Harnessing Microbial Antagonists for Biological Control of Plant Pathogens: A Global Perspective","authors":"Santhoshinii Elango, Yumkhaibam Sonia Shahni, R. Padamini, Sanjay Hazarika, R. Wongamthing, Sourav Oraon, Chandan Kumar Panigrahi, Anil Kumar, R. Thangaraj","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i51442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i51442","url":null,"abstract":"Reducing agricultural production inputs while maintaining a lucrative yield of high-quality goods is becoming more and more necessary as a result of the global sustainability agenda. Plant diseases pose a significant threat to productivity and product quality, yet many times there are no adequate measures available to control them. Consequently, research on substitute methods of crop protection has been mandated and has garnered significant interest from scholars around. A number of biological control agents (BCAs), including Bacillus, Pantoea, Streptomyces, Trichoderma, Clonostachys, Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, and specific yeasts, have been screened. Of these alternatives, biological controls through beneficial microorganisms have gained significant importance. BCAs, at the very least, support other sustainable disease management strategies like disease resistance and offer chances to control illnesses for whom alternative strategies are unfeasible or unobtainable. It is reasonable to anticipate that BCAs will be used more often to manage agricultural diseases in environmentally friendly ways.","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"25 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141022697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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