Introduction: Hepatitis C is an inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis C virus; its spread in humans has been boosted by the emergence of parenteral use for medical purposes or drug injections, as well as its asymptomatic nature in the acute phase.
The global prevalence of hepatitis C is estimated at 1%, with a variable distribution in different regions of the world, sometimes even within the same country.
General objective: To help improve the biological diagnosis and prevention of HCV infections in the urban commune of Kindia.
Methodology: The urban commune of Kindia was used as the study area. This prospective and descriptive study was carried out at the Institut de Recherche en Biologie Appliquée de Guinée (IRBAG) from June to December 2022. The biomaterial consists of 3,000 blood samples taken from patients attending consultations at health facilities. The Immuno-Enzymatic technique (ELISA) was used to test for anti-HCV antibodies.
Results: In the course of our work, out of 3,000 samples taken from patients admitted to health facilities, 78 cases tested positive for the anti-HCV antibody, representing a carriage rate of 2.6%. Females were the most affected, with 50 positive cases (1.67%). The 31-40 age group had the highest anti-HCV antibody carriage rate, at 0.70%.
Conclusion: All socio-professional groups are affected by this infection, but to varying degrees. Despite our efforts, hepatitis C virus infection remains a major concern, as there is currently no vaccine and existing treatments are expensive and inaccessible to middle-income countries.
{"title":"Seroprevalence of Hepatitis C Virus in the Urban Commune of Kindia-Republic of Guinea","authors":"Aissatou Boiro, Mamadou Gando Diallo, Bonaventure Kolie, Souleymane Diallo, Abdoulaye Djibril Diallo, Pévé Guilavogui, Mamadou Boundoukhoura Bah, Thierno Amadou Labé Balde, Sanaba Boumbaly, Mamadou Yéro Boiro","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i91403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i91403","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Hepatitis C is an inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis C virus; its spread in humans has been boosted by the emergence of parenteral use for medical purposes or drug injections, as well as its asymptomatic nature in the acute phase.
 The global prevalence of hepatitis C is estimated at 1%, with a variable distribution in different regions of the world, sometimes even within the same country.
 General objective: To help improve the biological diagnosis and prevention of HCV infections in the urban commune of Kindia.
 Methodology: The urban commune of Kindia was used as the study area. This prospective and descriptive study was carried out at the Institut de Recherche en Biologie Appliquée de Guinée (IRBAG) from June to December 2022. The biomaterial consists of 3,000 blood samples taken from patients attending consultations at health facilities. The Immuno-Enzymatic technique (ELISA) was used to test for anti-HCV antibodies.
 Results: In the course of our work, out of 3,000 samples taken from patients admitted to health facilities, 78 cases tested positive for the anti-HCV antibody, representing a carriage rate of 2.6%. Females were the most affected, with 50 positive cases (1.67%). The 31-40 age group had the highest anti-HCV antibody carriage rate, at 0.70%.
 Conclusion: All socio-professional groups are affected by this infection, but to varying degrees. Despite our efforts, hepatitis C virus infection remains a major concern, as there is currently no vaccine and existing treatments are expensive and inaccessible to middle-income countries.","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"22 S1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135934655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study was to map the distribution of agents carrying the Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (arbovirus-tica) in the natural region of Upper Guinea. The prefectures of Kankan, Dabola and Faranah were used as collection areas. Random sampling of different types of animals was used to collect the biomaterial. Two types of analysis methods (RT-PCR and ELISA) were used. Out of a total of 578 ticks collected and divided into 254 pools, the genus Amblyomma was the most frequently encountered with 83 tick pools. Molecular analysis (RT-PCR) for the detection of virus RNA revealed 2 positive cases (0.8%). Direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for the detection of Ag yielded only one positive case (0.4%). We found that the species Rhipicephalus geigyi was the main vector and reservoir of the pathogen in Upper Guinea.
{"title":"Circulation of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever Virus in Ticks in Upper Guinea-Republic of Guinea","authors":"Mamadou Gando Diallo, Aissatou Boiro, Bonaventure Kolie, Ekaterina Naydenova, Abdoulaye Djibril Diallo, Souleymane Diallo, Thierno Amadou Labé Balde","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i91402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i91402","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to map the distribution of agents carrying the Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (arbovirus-tica) in the natural region of Upper Guinea. The prefectures of Kankan, Dabola and Faranah were used as collection areas. Random sampling of different types of animals was used to collect the biomaterial. Two types of analysis methods (RT-PCR and ELISA) were used. Out of a total of 578 ticks collected and divided into 254 pools, the genus Amblyomma was the most frequently encountered with 83 tick pools. Molecular analysis (RT-PCR) for the detection of virus RNA revealed 2 positive cases (0.8%). Direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for the detection of Ag yielded only one positive case (0.4%). We found that the species Rhipicephalus geigyi was the main vector and reservoir of the pathogen in Upper Guinea.","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"210 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135870944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Due to its frequency, complications and socio-economic consequences, hepatitis B constitutes an international public health problem comparable to that posed by other communicable diseases such as HIV, tuberculosis and malaria. Sub-Saharan Africa, with a prevalence rate between 8 and 18%, is a highly endemic region.
Objective: To help protect the health of students through awareness and screening for the hepatitis B virus.
Methods: This is a prospective and descriptive longitudinal study which lasted one month, from February 15 to March 15, 2023.
Results: Among the 200 students screened for the hepatitis B virus, men were more represented (80.50%) than women (19.50%), with a m/f sex ratio of 4.12 in favor of men. The 17-25 age group was the largest (77%), followed by the 26-33 age group (19.5%), the 34-41 age group (3%) and the 42+ age group (0.5%). 32% of students say they have good knowledge of the hepatitis B virus, compared to 68% who say they have little knowledge. The majority reported television as a source (75.5%), followed by radio (16%), school (4%), newspapers (2.5%) and social media (2%). The vast majority identified sexual transmission (89%), followed by blood (9.5%) and saliva (1.5%). In terms of risky practices, the majority of students identify prostitution (82.5%), followed by tattooing (9%), piercing (5%) and acupuncture (3.5%). Concerning knowledge of the hepatitis B vaccine, the majority of students (67.5%) say they do not know the vaccine against the hepatitis B virus, compared to 32.5% who say they know the vaccine. The HBV prevalence test showed 11% carriage compared to 89% negative tests. Transaminase tests on positive cases gave 63.63% normal ALT versus 36.36% elevated ALT; 72.72% normal AST versus 27.27% high AST. Carriage was higher in men (86.36%) than in women (13.63%). Single students were the most represented with 95.45%, compared to 4.55% for married students. Students from the Technical Laboratory and Mechanical Design and Manufacturing Departments were the most represented with 27.27% each. They were followed by those of the Biomedical Equipment Technology and Computer Engineering Departments with 18.18% each. Finally, the Energy Department was the least represented in this series with 9.09%.
Conclusion: This study showed that the hepatitis B virus is present at the Mamou Higher Institute of Technology. It is therefore important to introduce it into secondary school programs to improve knowledge of the hepatitis B virus in Guinea.
{"title":"Epidemiology and Prevalence of HBsAg in the Student Population of the Higher Institute of Technology of Mamou, Republic of Guinea","authors":"Alpha Arsida Barry, Mamadou Lamarana Souare, Taliby Dos Camara, Oumar Keita, Oumar Faye, Siba Sagno, Tamadjan Koulibaly, Magan Camara","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i91401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i91401","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Due to its frequency, complications and socio-economic consequences, hepatitis B constitutes an international public health problem comparable to that posed by other communicable diseases such as HIV, tuberculosis and malaria. Sub-Saharan Africa, with a prevalence rate between 8 and 18%, is a highly endemic region.
 Objective: To help protect the health of students through awareness and screening for the hepatitis B virus.
 Methods: This is a prospective and descriptive longitudinal study which lasted one month, from February 15 to March 15, 2023.
 Results: Among the 200 students screened for the hepatitis B virus, men were more represented (80.50%) than women (19.50%), with a m/f sex ratio of 4.12 in favor of men. The 17-25 age group was the largest (77%), followed by the 26-33 age group (19.5%), the 34-41 age group (3%) and the 42+ age group (0.5%). 32% of students say they have good knowledge of the hepatitis B virus, compared to 68% who say they have little knowledge. The majority reported television as a source (75.5%), followed by radio (16%), school (4%), newspapers (2.5%) and social media (2%). The vast majority identified sexual transmission (89%), followed by blood (9.5%) and saliva (1.5%). In terms of risky practices, the majority of students identify prostitution (82.5%), followed by tattooing (9%), piercing (5%) and acupuncture (3.5%). Concerning knowledge of the hepatitis B vaccine, the majority of students (67.5%) say they do not know the vaccine against the hepatitis B virus, compared to 32.5% who say they know the vaccine. The HBV prevalence test showed 11% carriage compared to 89% negative tests. Transaminase tests on positive cases gave 63.63% normal ALT versus 36.36% elevated ALT; 72.72% normal AST versus 27.27% high AST. Carriage was higher in men (86.36%) than in women (13.63%). Single students were the most represented with 95.45%, compared to 4.55% for married students. Students from the Technical Laboratory and Mechanical Design and Manufacturing Departments were the most represented with 27.27% each. They were followed by those of the Biomedical Equipment Technology and Computer Engineering Departments with 18.18% each. Finally, the Energy Department was the least represented in this series with 9.09%.
 Conclusion: This study showed that the hepatitis B virus is present at the Mamou Higher Institute of Technology. It is therefore important to introduce it into secondary school programs to improve knowledge of the hepatitis B virus in Guinea.","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136381630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-12DOI: 10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i81400
John R. Jungck, Hajae Ko
Aims: Detection of superspreading events by phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences from a population of individuals collected from a narrow time interval.
Study Design: Retrieve nucleic acid sequences, construct multiple sequence alignments, and build phylogenetic networks to determine sources of infection.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was performed at the Delaware Biotechnology Institute of the University of Delaware over the period: June-August, 2022. The data used were from the GIS AID database.
Methodology: Sequences for analysis were sampled from the GISAID initiative’s open-access SARS-CoV-2 genome database. We selected high-quality nucleotide sequences submitted by Delaware labs between March 18 and April 14, 2021, an important period of 4 weeks which saw the Alpha variant spread rapidly in the Delaware population.
Results: Four sources accounted for 215 of the 401 sequences. In other words, 54% of all cases were rooted in just five sources.
Conclusion: Thus, superspreading seems to have a major impact on the proportion of individuals in a population affected with COVID.
{"title":"Phylogenetic Analysis to Detect COVID Superspreaders","authors":"John R. Jungck, Hajae Ko","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i81400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i81400","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Detection of superspreading events by phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences from a population of individuals collected from a narrow time interval.
 Study Design: Retrieve nucleic acid sequences, construct multiple sequence alignments, and build phylogenetic networks to determine sources of infection.
 Place and Duration of Study: This study was performed at the Delaware Biotechnology Institute of the University of Delaware over the period: June-August, 2022. The data used were from the GIS AID database.
 Methodology: Sequences for analysis were sampled from the GISAID initiative’s open-access SARS-CoV-2 genome database. We selected high-quality nucleotide sequences submitted by Delaware labs between March 18 and April 14, 2021, an important period of 4 weeks which saw the Alpha variant spread rapidly in the Delaware population.
 Results: Four sources accounted for 215 of the 401 sequences. In other words, 54% of all cases were rooted in just five sources.
 Conclusion: Thus, superspreading seems to have a major impact on the proportion of individuals in a population affected with COVID.","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135968964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-11DOI: 10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i81399
Staël Audrey Menteng Tchuenté, O’Neal Dorsel Youté, Blandine Pulcherie Tamatcho Kweyang, Esther Guladys Kougang, Pascal Blaise Well à Well à Koul, Pierre René Fotsing Kwetche
Background: In health facilities, mothers and their children are amongst the most vulnerable groups likely to contract healthcare-associated infections.
Aim: The present investigation aimed at characterizing bacterial groups (profile, load, antibiotic susceptibility) in maternity premises of Bangangté District Hospital (BDH) and “Université des Montagnes” Teaching Hospital (UdMTH), Ndé Division – West Cameroon.
Methods: From September 2nd through November 2nd, 2019, the work was focused on surfaces and airborne bacteria. Specimen collection was conducted by wet surface swabbing and passive adhesion of airborne bacteria, respectively. Isolation, enumeration, identification and susceptibility tests were carried out according to standard bacteriological protocols.
Results: Out of 126 specimens collected and screened, 98.4% resulted in positive cultures. A total of 168 isolates were then recovered, consisted of Staphylococcus spp. (68% and 51%), Gram-positive rods (30% and 35%) and Gram-negative rods (2% and 14%), in UdMTH and BDH, respectively. Bacterial profile recorded were almost similar in all specimens subjected. Bacterial loads varied greatly (as low as < 10 CFU/cm² on surfaces or < 283 CFU/60 mm diameter Petri dish for airborne bacteria and as high as > 30 CFU/cm² on surfaces or > 848 CFU/60 mm diameter Petri dish for airborne bacteria). Bacterial loads appeared to be likely in connection with local activity density. Susceptibility tests revealed high resistance rates while Imipenem was most potent.
Conclusion: Overall findings are reliable clue that could guide advocacy for infections prevention through mitigation of contamination risks in health facilities.
{"title":"Strengthening Environmental Hygiene for Healthcare-associated Infections Prevention in Maternity Ward: Outstanding Findings from a Multisite Survey in the Ndé Division, West Cameroon","authors":"Staël Audrey Menteng Tchuenté, O’Neal Dorsel Youté, Blandine Pulcherie Tamatcho Kweyang, Esther Guladys Kougang, Pascal Blaise Well à Well à Koul, Pierre René Fotsing Kwetche","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i81399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i81399","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In health facilities, mothers and their children are amongst the most vulnerable groups likely to contract healthcare-associated infections.
 Aim: The present investigation aimed at characterizing bacterial groups (profile, load, antibiotic susceptibility) in maternity premises of Bangangté District Hospital (BDH) and “Université des Montagnes” Teaching Hospital (UdMTH), Ndé Division – West Cameroon.
 Methods: From September 2nd through November 2nd, 2019, the work was focused on surfaces and airborne bacteria. Specimen collection was conducted by wet surface swabbing and passive adhesion of airborne bacteria, respectively. Isolation, enumeration, identification and susceptibility tests were carried out according to standard bacteriological protocols.
 Results: Out of 126 specimens collected and screened, 98.4% resulted in positive cultures. A total of 168 isolates were then recovered, consisted of Staphylococcus spp. (68% and 51%), Gram-positive rods (30% and 35%) and Gram-negative rods (2% and 14%), in UdMTH and BDH, respectively. Bacterial profile recorded were almost similar in all specimens subjected. Bacterial loads varied greatly (as low as < 10 CFU/cm² on surfaces or < 283 CFU/60 mm diameter Petri dish for airborne bacteria and as high as > 30 CFU/cm² on surfaces or > 848 CFU/60 mm diameter Petri dish for airborne bacteria). Bacterial loads appeared to be likely in connection with local activity density. Susceptibility tests revealed high resistance rates while Imipenem was most potent.
 Conclusion: Overall findings are reliable clue that could guide advocacy for infections prevention through mitigation of contamination risks in health facilities.","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136210485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-07DOI: 10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i81398
None Olaide Z., None Patricia O. N., None Esther C. A., None Obiefoka S. O., None Temitope S., None Mustapha S., None Adeyemi A. K., None Yahaya R. A.
Context: The growing presence of environmental plastic has garnered escalating attention and worry in recent decades. While ease of production, durability, cost-effectiveness, and resistance to corrosion are valued attributes for consumer goods, they contribute to the persistent environmental presence, leading to a widespread surge in plastic pollution.
Aim: To find out various microbial- mediated biodegradation pathway of polymers (black nylon and white nylon).
Settings and Design: The research was carried out by obtaining dump soil from a mechanic dump site and a hospital dump site in Ibadan, Oyo state.
Materials and Methodology: Dump soil were obtained, diluted(serial) and Cultered and morphological and microscopic observation were carried out while polythene bags which are black nylon and white nylon were also degraded at Day 5, 10 ,15 and 20.
Results: Biodegradation of polymers is influenced by both polymer characteristics and the presence of specific microorganisms in the environment. Fungi, with species like A. niger, A. flavus, and C. fungus were identified in a dump site. Weight analysis of polythene bags (black nylon and white nylon) over days revealed slight changes, indicating some degradation. PCR analysis confirmed genetic material from fungal isolates, highlighting the specificity and sensitivity of the chosen primers.
Conclusion: The presence of Aspergillus species in the dump site suggests their potential for bioremediation efforts in challenging environments
{"title":"Exploring Fungi-mediated Biodegradation Pathway of Polymers in Environmental Systems(Dump Sites)","authors":"None Olaide Z., None Patricia O. N., None Esther C. A., None Obiefoka S. O., None Temitope S., None Mustapha S., None Adeyemi A. K., None Yahaya R. A.","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i81398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i81398","url":null,"abstract":"Context: The growing presence of environmental plastic has garnered escalating attention and worry in recent decades. While ease of production, durability, cost-effectiveness, and resistance to corrosion are valued attributes for consumer goods, they contribute to the persistent environmental presence, leading to a widespread surge in plastic pollution.
 Aim: To find out various microbial- mediated biodegradation pathway of polymers (black nylon and white nylon).
 Settings and Design: The research was carried out by obtaining dump soil from a mechanic dump site and a hospital dump site in Ibadan, Oyo state.
 Materials and Methodology: Dump soil were obtained, diluted(serial) and Cultered and morphological and microscopic observation were carried out while polythene bags which are black nylon and white nylon were also degraded at Day 5, 10 ,15 and 20.
 Results: Biodegradation of polymers is influenced by both polymer characteristics and the presence of specific microorganisms in the environment. Fungi, with species like A. niger, A. flavus, and C. fungus were identified in a dump site. Weight analysis of polythene bags (black nylon and white nylon) over days revealed slight changes, indicating some degradation. PCR analysis confirmed genetic material from fungal isolates, highlighting the specificity and sensitivity of the chosen primers.
 Conclusion: The presence of Aspergillus species in the dump site suggests their potential for bioremediation efforts in challenging environments","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135253145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-26DOI: 10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i81397
Shradha R. Gaonkar, Rajeshwar V. Naik, Sushanta Kalekar, Alka Sagar
This is a case study on epidemiological factor clinical spectrum and drug susceptibility of a rare zoonotic infection caused by Streptococcus sui in a 60 year female patient. Presented with fever and altered sensorium. Blood culture analysis revealed the causative agent to be Streptococcus sui. Antibiotic sensitivity screening of the culture was also performed. So while recording the case history it was noted that the patient was in close contact with pigs on regular basis. The patient was treated with ceftriaxone antibiotic and responded favorably to the therapy. We represent the first human case of Streptococcus sui from Goa.
{"title":"Case Study of a Zoonotic Infection Caused by Streptococcus suis Reported for the First Time in Goa Region, India","authors":"Shradha R. Gaonkar, Rajeshwar V. Naik, Sushanta Kalekar, Alka Sagar","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i81397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i81397","url":null,"abstract":"This is a case study on epidemiological factor clinical spectrum and drug susceptibility of a rare zoonotic infection caused by Streptococcus sui in a 60 year female patient. Presented with fever and altered sensorium. Blood culture analysis revealed the causative agent to be Streptococcus sui. Antibiotic sensitivity screening of the culture was also performed. So while recording the case history it was noted that the patient was in close contact with pigs on regular basis. The patient was treated with ceftriaxone antibiotic and responded favorably to the therapy. We represent the first human case of Streptococcus sui from Goa.","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134961176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antimicrobial resistance is a global problem, and efforts to replace failing antibiotics are crucial. We investigated the impact of the diameter of inhibition (mm) in crowded plates of potential antibiotic-producing bacteria on their in-vitro inhibitory strength. Our previous research identified 12 potential antibiotic-producing bacteria from natural habitats and obtained their diameters of inhibition in preliminary crowded plates. The potential candidates were further challenged with some pathogenic microbes by the Agar-well diffusion technique to test their strength. The results showed that the diameter of inhibition of the potential antibiotic-producing isolates obtained at the crowded plate technique level was not a predictor of the potency of potential antibiotic-producing bacteria (rs = 0.52, P = 0.08). In summary, the selection of potent candidate microbes for the development of new antimicrobial compounds against multidrug-resistant pathogens cannot be determined based on the diameter of inhibition in a preliminary investigation using the crowded plate technique. Further studies involving complementary techniques are necessary to determine the best potential candidate organisms for the development of novel antimicrobial compounds.
抗菌素耐药性是一个全球性问题，替代失效抗生素的努力至关重要。我们研究了可能产生抗生素的细菌在拥挤板中的抑制直径(mm)对其体外抑制强度的影响。我们之前的研究从自然生境中鉴定了12种可能产生抗生素的细菌，并在初步拥挤板中获得了它们的抑制直径。通过琼脂孔扩散技术进一步用病原微生物挑战潜在候选物以测试其强度。结果表明，在拥挤平板技术水平上获得的潜在产抗生素分离株的抑制直径不是潜在产抗生素细菌效力的预测因子(rs = 0.52, P = 0.08)。综上所述，在拥挤平板技术的初步研究中，不能根据抑制直径来确定开发新的抗多药耐药病原菌的有效候选微生物。为了确定开发新型抗菌化合物的最佳潜在候选生物，有必要进一步开展涉及互补技术的研究。
{"title":"Impact of Diameter of Inhibition in Crowded Plates on the in vitro Inhibitory Strength of Potential Antibiotic-Producing Bacteria Isolated from Some Natural Habitats","authors":"Olasinbo Olumuyiwa Balogun, Sylvanus Chukwudi Ugoh, Olabisi Peter Abioye, Peters Oluwale Oladosu","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i81395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i81395","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobial resistance is a global problem, and efforts to replace failing antibiotics are crucial. We investigated the impact of the diameter of inhibition (mm) in crowded plates of potential antibiotic-producing bacteria on their in-vitro inhibitory strength. Our previous research identified 12 potential antibiotic-producing bacteria from natural habitats and obtained their diameters of inhibition in preliminary crowded plates. The potential candidates were further challenged with some pathogenic microbes by the Agar-well diffusion technique to test their strength. The results showed that the diameter of inhibition of the potential antibiotic-producing isolates obtained at the crowded plate technique level was not a predictor of the potency of potential antibiotic-producing bacteria (rs = 0.52, P = 0.08). In summary, the selection of potent candidate microbes for the development of new antimicrobial compounds against multidrug-resistant pathogens cannot be determined based on the diameter of inhibition in a preliminary investigation using the crowded plate technique. Further studies involving complementary techniques are necessary to determine the best potential candidate organisms for the development of novel antimicrobial compounds.","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135864613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Poultry products have quickly become one of the most consumed sources of protein in the world. However, poultry farmers face enormous economic losses caused by the emergence of multi-resistant bacteria. In addition, the consumption of eggs and poultry meat also causes several infectious diseases within populations as well as poisonings and therefore a public health problem.
Aims: The objective of our study was to evaluate in vitro the antibacterial properties of aqueous and 70% hydroethanolic extracts of the leaves of Anogeissus leiocarpus on two strains of multiresistant Salmonella typhimurium isolated from the faeces of broilers chickens.
Methodology: The agar well method was used to test the susceptibility of bacterial strains while the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by the liquid dilution method.
Results: On the two multiresistant Salmonella typhimurium germs, the aqueous and 70% hydroethanolic extracts of Anogeissus leiocarpus gave zones of inhibition diameter between 13-22 mm while the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were ranged between 12.5 mg/ml and 25 mg/ml. The results of the phytochemical analysis of the extracts studied reveal the presence of several families of secondary metabolites including phenolic compounds, cardiac glycosides, saponins, alkaloids and then sterols and terpenes. However, these secondary metabolites are distributed differently within the aqueous and 70% hydroethanolic extracts.
Conclusion: In view of the results obtained in the present work, this plant could be used as a phytomedicine to combat pathologies linked to Salmonella typhimurium in broiler chickens and as an antibacterial agent in food products that may harbor strains of Salmonella typhimurium.
{"title":"Antibacterial Activities of Aqueous and Hydroethanolic Extracts of Anogeissus leiocarpus on the In vitro Growth of two Multiresistant Strains of Salmonella typhimurium Isolated from Broilers Chickens","authors":"Anzoumana Lassinan Ouattara, Ouattara Abou, Ouattara Karamoko, Golly Koffi Julien, Coulibaly Adama","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i71394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i71394","url":null,"abstract":"Poultry products have quickly become one of the most consumed sources of protein in the world. However, poultry farmers face enormous economic losses caused by the emergence of multi-resistant bacteria. In addition, the consumption of eggs and poultry meat also causes several infectious diseases within populations as well as poisonings and therefore a public health problem.
 Aims: The objective of our study was to evaluate in vitro the antibacterial properties of aqueous and 70% hydroethanolic extracts of the leaves of Anogeissus leiocarpus on two strains of multiresistant Salmonella typhimurium isolated from the faeces of broilers chickens.
 Methodology: The agar well method was used to test the susceptibility of bacterial strains while the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by the liquid dilution method.
 Results: On the two multiresistant Salmonella typhimurium germs, the aqueous and 70% hydroethanolic extracts of Anogeissus leiocarpus gave zones of inhibition diameter between 13-22 mm while the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were ranged between 12.5 mg/ml and 25 mg/ml. The results of the phytochemical analysis of the extracts studied reveal the presence of several families of secondary metabolites including phenolic compounds, cardiac glycosides, saponins, alkaloids and then sterols and terpenes. However, these secondary metabolites are distributed differently within the aqueous and 70% hydroethanolic extracts.
 Conclusion: In view of the results obtained in the present work, this plant could be used as a phytomedicine to combat pathologies linked to Salmonella typhimurium in broiler chickens and as an antibacterial agent in food products that may harbor strains of Salmonella typhimurium.","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135958402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-07DOI: 10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i71393
Ouattara Mohamed Baguy, Affou Séraphin Wognin, T. Anatole, Gbonon M’bengue Valérie Carole, Kouassi Koffi Gédeon, Guédé Kipré Bertin, T. Bertin, K. Fernique, Kouadio Kouamé Innocent, D. S. Kpoda, Abraham Ayayi, Konate Ali, Guessennd Nathalie Kouadio, Kamenan Alphonse, Dosso Mireille
Overuse of β-lactam antibiotics in communities in developing countries has transformed healthy human intestinal flora into a reservoir of antibiotic-resistant organisms. The prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in community settings remains undetermined. In order to obtain data on ESBL enterobacteria, 265 stool samples were collected from August 2019 to February 2020 from individuals residing in the urban districts of Abidjan and attending medical consultations at the Institut Pasteur de Côte d'Ivoire. Isolates belonging to family Enterobacteriaceae were isolated on MacConkey and identified using the API 20E galerie and antibiotic susceptibility was determined using Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute disc diffusion method. Detection of extended spectrum β-lactamases (TEM, SHV, GES, PER, VEB, CTXM 1, CTXM 2, CTXM 8 and CTXM 9) was done by simplex and multiplex PCR. The human stools strains consisted of 513 species of Enterobacteria multidrug resistants. Among the 513 strains, 75 (14.6%) of the enterobacterial strains produced ESBLs, while 438 (85.4%) produced high-level cephalosporinases. Enterobacteria producing extended-spectrum β-lactamase we dominated by the species Escherichia coli (46.7%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (17.3%), Enterobacter cloacae (13.3%), Enterobacter aerogenes (6.7%), Proteus mirabilis (6.7%), Klebsiella oxytoca (4%), Proteus vulgaris (2.7%), Citrobacter koseri (1.3%), and Citrobacter freundii (1.3%). Strains were resistant (100%) to antibiotics from beta-lactam family (penicillin with inhibitor, monobactam, cephalosporin) but low level resistant (1,3%) was observed to carbapenem (imipénème, méropénème, Ertapenem). The rate of resistance to quinolones and aminoglycosides were respectively between 22.9% - 43.3% and 7.9-35.1%. The resistance genes TEM, SHV, CTXM 1, CTXM 2, CTXM 8 and CTXM 9 were detected. No GES and PER genes were not detected. The high fecal carriage rate of ESBL-PE associated with genes in community settings of Ivory Coast highlights the risk for transmission and dissemination because healthy people are potential patients on borrowed time.
{"title":"Role of Healthy Human Gut Microbiota in the Emergence and Dissemination of Extended-Spectrum (beta)-lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae and Genes Associated with (beta)-lactam Resistance in Community Settings in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire","authors":"Ouattara Mohamed Baguy, Affou Séraphin Wognin, T. Anatole, Gbonon M’bengue Valérie Carole, Kouassi Koffi Gédeon, Guédé Kipré Bertin, T. Bertin, K. Fernique, Kouadio Kouamé Innocent, D. S. Kpoda, Abraham Ayayi, Konate Ali, Guessennd Nathalie Kouadio, Kamenan Alphonse, Dosso Mireille","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i71393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i71393","url":null,"abstract":"Overuse of β-lactam antibiotics in communities in developing countries has transformed healthy human intestinal flora into a reservoir of antibiotic-resistant organisms. The prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in community settings remains undetermined. In order to obtain data on ESBL enterobacteria, 265 stool samples were collected from August 2019 to February 2020 from individuals residing in the urban districts of Abidjan and attending medical consultations at the Institut Pasteur de Côte d'Ivoire. Isolates belonging to family Enterobacteriaceae were isolated on MacConkey and identified using the API 20E galerie and antibiotic susceptibility was determined using Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute disc diffusion method. Detection of extended spectrum β-lactamases (TEM, SHV, GES, PER, VEB, CTXM 1, CTXM 2, CTXM 8 and CTXM 9) was done by simplex and multiplex PCR. The human stools strains consisted of 513 species of Enterobacteria multidrug resistants. Among the 513 strains, 75 (14.6%) of the enterobacterial strains produced ESBLs, while 438 (85.4%) produced high-level cephalosporinases. Enterobacteria producing extended-spectrum β-lactamase we dominated by the species Escherichia coli (46.7%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (17.3%), Enterobacter cloacae (13.3%), Enterobacter aerogenes (6.7%), Proteus mirabilis (6.7%), Klebsiella oxytoca (4%), Proteus vulgaris (2.7%), Citrobacter koseri (1.3%), and Citrobacter freundii (1.3%). Strains were resistant (100%) to antibiotics from beta-lactam family (penicillin with inhibitor, monobactam, cephalosporin) but low level resistant (1,3%) was observed to carbapenem (imipénème, méropénème, Ertapenem). The rate of resistance to quinolones and aminoglycosides were respectively between 22.9% - 43.3% and 7.9-35.1%. The resistance genes TEM, SHV, CTXM 1, CTXM 2, CTXM 8 and CTXM 9 were detected. No GES and PER genes were not detected. The high fecal carriage rate of ESBL-PE associated with genes in community settings of Ivory Coast highlights the risk for transmission and dissemination because healthy people are potential patients on borrowed time.","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84095789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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