Pub Date : 2024-03-13DOI: 10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i21427
Vanessa Ornella Alactio Tangueu, O’Neal Dorsel Youté, B. P. T. Kweyang, Vanessa Flora Yomi Nana, Pierre René Fotsing Kwetche
Background: Reliable pieces of information concerning bacterial-antibiotic interactions are key assets for therapeutic management of bacterial diseases. Objective: The present study aimed at detecting phenotypic characteristics of bacterial resistance in multidrug-resistant isolates recovered from clinical specimens at the “Université des Montagnes” Teaching Hospital. Methods: The total of 226 isolates (142 Gram-negative rods and 84 Gram-positive cocci) were subjected to phenotypic screening of resistance mechanisms. All procedural steps were conducted according to standard protocols on bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics. Results: Primary pieces of information revealed high rates of resistant isolates, especially with beta-lactams and Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole while Nitrofurantoin and Imipenem were most effective. Amongst Gram-negative rods, 56% expressed one enzymatic resistance mechanism and 12% expressed two against beta-lactams. Also, with extended spectrum beta-lactamases, high level cephalosporinases and inducible cephalosporinases most commonly observed. About 62% and 14% of Gram-positive cocci expressed constitutive and Clindamycin-inducible resistance, respectively. Decreased susceptibility to Ceftriaxone and Penicillin G was also recorded in suspect mutant isolates selected by these antibiotics. Potential synergetic and other antagonistic interactions were evenly detected. Conclusion: Overall, the data could represent reliable clue for advocacy about personalized combination therapy, then capacity building for routine affordable susceptibility tests in caretaking.
{"title":"Trends of Antibacterial Interactions in Multidrug – Resistant Isolates: Exploring Resistance Phenotypes in the Ndé Division, West-Cameroon","authors":"Vanessa Ornella Alactio Tangueu, O’Neal Dorsel Youté, B. P. T. Kweyang, Vanessa Flora Yomi Nana, Pierre René Fotsing Kwetche","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i21427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i21427","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Reliable pieces of information concerning bacterial-antibiotic interactions are key assets for therapeutic management of bacterial diseases. \u0000Objective: The present study aimed at detecting phenotypic characteristics of bacterial resistance in multidrug-resistant isolates recovered from clinical specimens at the “Université des Montagnes” Teaching Hospital. \u0000Methods: The total of 226 isolates (142 Gram-negative rods and 84 Gram-positive cocci) were subjected to phenotypic screening of resistance mechanisms. All procedural steps were conducted according to standard protocols on bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics. \u0000Results: Primary pieces of information revealed high rates of resistant isolates, especially with beta-lactams and Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole while Nitrofurantoin and Imipenem were most effective. Amongst Gram-negative rods, 56% expressed one enzymatic resistance mechanism and 12% expressed two against beta-lactams. Also, with extended spectrum beta-lactamases, high level cephalosporinases and inducible cephalosporinases most commonly observed. About 62% and 14% of Gram-positive cocci expressed constitutive and Clindamycin-inducible resistance, respectively. Decreased susceptibility to Ceftriaxone and Penicillin G was also recorded in suspect mutant isolates selected by these antibiotics. Potential synergetic and other antagonistic interactions were evenly detected. \u0000Conclusion: Overall, the data could represent reliable clue for advocacy about personalized combination therapy, then capacity building for routine affordable susceptibility tests in caretaking.","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"2003 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140246507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-02DOI: 10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i11424
J. Essindi, Jacky Njiki Bikoï, Carol Sake, D. S. Mbaga, Arnaud Franck Elang, C. Mikangue, Aicha Ngoutane, Alexandra Emmanuelle Membangbi, Sabine Aimée Touangnou-Chamda, S. R. Essama
Background: To investigate the risks factors associated to the non-response of hepatitis B (HB) immunization in participants over the age of 15 years. Methods: From October 2020 to December 2021, data were collected from individuals aged over 15 years who receive at least one dose of vaccine. An algorithm consisted of three (03) tests researching anti-HBs whose detectability threshold was 10 IU/L and anti-HBc. Results: A total of 330 participants were included in this study, among which 158 received three doses of vaccine, of these 83.59% and 6,6% were found positive respectively to anti HBs and anti-HBc. We noted that, age [30 – 40] years [OR= 2.41; CI at 95% (1.24 – 4.80)]; single status [OR=10.80; CI at 95% (1.78 – 114.8)], obesity [OR=2.99; CI at 95% (1.13 – 7.27)], alcohol [OR=10.80; CI at 95% (1.78 – 114.8)]; HEPATITIS vaccine [OR=3.40; CI at 95% (1.24 – 9.10)] were associated with non-response to hepatitis B vaccines. Conclusion: Non-response to hepatitis B vaccination has been influenced by several risk factors that should be considered during the vaccination process.
{"title":"Evaluation of Non-response to Hepatitis B Vaccines in Individuals Over 15 Years in the Centre Region of Cameroon: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"J. Essindi, Jacky Njiki Bikoï, Carol Sake, D. S. Mbaga, Arnaud Franck Elang, C. Mikangue, Aicha Ngoutane, Alexandra Emmanuelle Membangbi, Sabine Aimée Touangnou-Chamda, S. R. Essama","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i11424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i11424","url":null,"abstract":"Background: To investigate the risks factors associated to the non-response of hepatitis B (HB) immunization in participants over the age of 15 years. \u0000Methods: From October 2020 to December 2021, data were collected from individuals aged over 15 years who receive at least one dose of vaccine. An algorithm consisted of three (03) tests researching anti-HBs whose detectability threshold was 10 IU/L and anti-HBc. \u0000Results: A total of 330 participants were included in this study, among which 158 received three doses of vaccine, of these 83.59% and 6,6% were found positive respectively to anti HBs and anti-HBc. We noted that, age [30 – 40] years [OR= 2.41; CI at 95% (1.24 – 4.80)]; single status [OR=10.80; CI at 95% (1.78 – 114.8)], obesity [OR=2.99; CI at 95% (1.13 – 7.27)], alcohol [OR=10.80; CI at 95% (1.78 – 114.8)]; HEPATITIS vaccine [OR=3.40; CI at 95% (1.24 – 9.10)] were associated with non-response to hepatitis B vaccines. \u0000Conclusion: Non-response to hepatitis B vaccination has been influenced by several risk factors that should be considered during the vaccination process.","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"19 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140082239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-02DOI: 10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i11423
S. Anusha, D. H. Patil, P. Rathod, K. Basavaraj, B. Dodamani
An investigation was carried out at Zonal Agricultural Research Station, Kalaburagi, India, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, India during kharif 2021-22 to study the effect of pre and post emergent application of weedicides on seed yield, weed dynamics, microbial population and nutrient uptake by weeds in blackgram. The results revealed that, significantly lower weed density (grassy weeds, sedges and broad leaf weeds (0.71) and weed dry weight (0.71) was observed with hand weeding at 25-30 DAS and intercultivation at 45 DAS (control) followed by sodium acifluorfen 16.5% + clodinafop propargyl 8% EC @ 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 at 20-25 DAS [grassy weeds (1.08, 1.26 and 1.83) sedges (1.03, 1.57 and 1.47) and broad leaf weeds (1.72, 2.06 and 2.11 at 25, 50 DAS and at harvest respectively]. Weed control efficiency was significantly higher with sodium acifluorfen 16.5% + clodinafop propargyl 8% EC @ 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 at 20-25 DAS (89.52, 90.31 and 91.17 at 25, 50 DAS and at harvest respectively) that was on par with hand weeding. Hand weeding at 25-30 DAS and intercultivation at 45 DAS recorded significantly higher population of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes (13.82, 12.49 and 5.25 cfu x 106 g-1 soil respectively). All chemical weedicides applied either pre-emergent or post-emergent significantly reduced population of total bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes. Significantly higher nutrient uptake by weeds was recorded with weedy check (71.03, 32.00 and 56.67 kg ha-1 nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium respectively). Where as, higher nutrient uptake by blackgram was with hand weeding at 25-30 DAS and intercultivation at 45 DAS (126.25, 28.20 and 109.30 kg ha-1 nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium respectively). After the harvest, soil available nutrients status was higher with hand weeding at 25-30 DAS and intercultivation at 45 DAS (141.38, 42.10 and 298.53 kg ha-1 nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium respectively) and significantly lower nutrients were observed with weedy check (122.93, 30.17 and 220.10 kg ha-1 nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium respectively).
2021-22 年印度卡纳塔克邦莱丘尔农业科学大学卡拉布拉吉分区农业研究站在印度卡纳塔克邦莱丘尔农业科学大学卡拉布拉吉分区农业研究站开展了一项调查，研究出苗前和出苗后施用除草剂对黑稗种子产量、杂草动态、微生物数量和杂草养分吸收的影响。结果表明，在 25-30 DAS 期人工除草和 45 DAS 期间作（对照），杂草密度（禾本科杂草、莎草和阔叶杂草）（0.71）和杂草干重（0.71）明显降低，其次是炔草酯钠 16.禾本科杂草（1.08、1.26 和 1.83）、莎草（1.03、1.57 和 1.47）和阔叶杂草（1.72、2.06 和 2.11，分别在 25、50 DAS 和收获期）。在 20-25 DAS 期，使用 16.5% 烯氟草酯钠 + 8%氯丁酰草胺乳油 @ 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 的除草效率明显更高（在 25、50 DAS 期和收获期分别为 89.52、90.31 和 91.17），与人工除草相当。在 25-30 DAS 进行人工除草和在 45 DAS 进行间作栽培时，细菌、真菌和放线菌的数量明显较高（分别为 13.82、12.49 和 5.25 cfu x 106 g-1 土壤）。萌芽前或萌芽后施用的所有化学除草剂都能明显减少细菌、真菌和放线菌的数量。杂草对养分的吸收量明显高于杂草对照（氮、磷和钾的吸收量分别为 71.03、32.00 和 56.67 千克/公顷-1）。而在 25-30 DAS 期进行人工除草和 45 DAS 期进行间作时，黑鲩对养分的吸收率较高（氮、磷和钾的吸收率分别为 126.25、28.20 和 109.30 千克/公顷）。收获后，25-30 DAS 期人工除草和 45 DAS 期间作的土壤可利用养分较高（氮、磷和钾分别为 141.38、42.10 和 298.53 kg ha-1），而杂草对照的土壤可利用养分明显较低（氮、磷和钾分别为 122.93、30.17 和 220.10 kg ha-1）。
{"title":"Effect of Chemical Weed Management Practices on Weed Dynamics, Soil Microorganism and Nutrient Uptake in Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.)]","authors":"S. Anusha, D. H. Patil, P. Rathod, K. Basavaraj, B. Dodamani","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i11423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i11423","url":null,"abstract":"An investigation was carried out at Zonal Agricultural Research Station, Kalaburagi, India, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, India during kharif 2021-22 to study the effect of pre and post emergent application of weedicides on seed yield, weed dynamics, microbial population and nutrient uptake by weeds in blackgram. The results revealed that, significantly lower weed density (grassy weeds, sedges and broad leaf weeds (0.71) and weed dry weight (0.71) was observed with hand weeding at 25-30 DAS and intercultivation at 45 DAS (control) followed by sodium acifluorfen 16.5% + clodinafop propargyl 8% EC @ 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 at 20-25 DAS [grassy weeds (1.08, 1.26 and 1.83) sedges (1.03, 1.57 and 1.47) and broad leaf weeds (1.72, 2.06 and 2.11 at 25, 50 DAS and at harvest respectively]. Weed control efficiency was significantly higher with sodium acifluorfen 16.5% + clodinafop propargyl 8% EC @ 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 at 20-25 DAS (89.52, 90.31 and 91.17 at 25, 50 DAS and at harvest respectively) that was on par with hand weeding. Hand weeding at 25-30 DAS and intercultivation at 45 DAS recorded significantly higher population of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes (13.82, 12.49 and 5.25 cfu x 106 g-1 soil respectively). All chemical weedicides applied either pre-emergent or post-emergent significantly reduced population of total bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes. Significantly higher nutrient uptake by weeds was recorded with weedy check (71.03, 32.00 and 56.67 kg ha-1 nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium respectively). Where as, higher nutrient uptake by blackgram was with hand weeding at 25-30 DAS and intercultivation at 45 DAS (126.25, 28.20 and 109.30 kg ha-1 nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium respectively). After the harvest, soil available nutrients status was higher with hand weeding at 25-30 DAS and intercultivation at 45 DAS (141.38, 42.10 and 298.53 kg ha-1 nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium respectively) and significantly lower nutrients were observed with weedy check (122.93, 30.17 and 220.10 kg ha-1 nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium respectively).","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"18 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140081853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-24DOI: 10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i11422
Mst Elina Akhter Zenat, Natasha Nafisa Haque, Md. Razibul Hasan, M. Begum, John Liton Munshi, Md. Zamilur Rahman, Md. Ashraful Alam
This investigation aims to examine the antimicrobial properties of a few types of medicinal plants on fungi transmitted by leather. In the soxhlet method, the antifungal agents were successfully extracted from the leaves of Azadirachta indica, Lantana camara, Wedelia chinensis, Moringa oleifera and Coccinia grandis using methanolic solvent. The fungus isolates from leather bags, shoes and wallets were cultured in Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) plates. The two leather-borne fungi Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. were the targets of the antifungal assay. Here plant extracts were applied in concentrations of 5.0%, 10.0% and 15.0%. Azadirachta indica, Moringa oleifera and Lantana camara extract were the most successful treatments for inhibiting the controlled growth of the fungi under this investigation. Furthermore, it is stated that the pathogenic fungi's capacity to proliferate increases with the concentration of plant extracts in the culture. This two-plant showed promising results in treating two cases of fungus, suggesting that it may be used to treat fungi carried by leather.
{"title":"Antifungal Activity of Various Plant Extracts against Aspergillus and Penicillium Species Isolated from Leather-Borne Fungus","authors":"Mst Elina Akhter Zenat, Natasha Nafisa Haque, Md. Razibul Hasan, M. Begum, John Liton Munshi, Md. Zamilur Rahman, Md. Ashraful Alam","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i11422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2024/v34i11422","url":null,"abstract":"This investigation aims to examine the antimicrobial properties of a few types of medicinal plants on fungi transmitted by leather. In the soxhlet method, the antifungal agents were successfully extracted from the leaves of Azadirachta indica, Lantana camara, Wedelia chinensis, Moringa oleifera and Coccinia grandis using methanolic solvent. The fungus isolates from leather bags, shoes and wallets were cultured in Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) plates. The two leather-borne fungi Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. were the targets of the antifungal assay. Here plant extracts were applied in concentrations of 5.0%, 10.0% and 15.0%. Azadirachta indica, Moringa oleifera and Lantana camara extract were the most successful treatments for inhibiting the controlled growth of the fungi under this investigation. Furthermore, it is stated that the pathogenic fungi's capacity to proliferate increases with the concentration of plant extracts in the culture. This two-plant showed promising results in treating two cases of fungus, suggesting that it may be used to treat fungi carried by leather.","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"1 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140435100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Green tea can influence the gut bacteria by either stimulating or hindering the growth of specific species. This experimental study was carried out in Rivers State, Nigeria to molecularly characterize gut bacteria in Wista rats after green tea consumption. Twenty-five (25) rats divided into five groups were used; each group had five (5) rats having an average weight range of 70g – 130g. After acclimatization of 2 weeks, groups (2, 3, 4 & 5) were feed with green tea extract based on standard method using oral gavage with rat feed pellet and water for seven (7) days and fourteen (14) days respectively based on their body weights and group 1 (control) was fed with rat feed pellet and water only for same duration and their weights recorded. Stool samples were collected aseptically by pulling from each group into sterile stool sample bottles and sent to the laboratory for immediate analysis. Conventional microbiological methods of culturing and molecular methods were utilized for identification of isolates, total heterotrophic plate count and antibiotic susceptibility were also done. The data from this study were analysed using SPSS version 23, to survey difference in gut bacterial count of wista rats after fed with green tea, rat weight across the study groups, and the values were expressed as mean ± SD at a 5% alpha level. The study reported a statistical difference in bacterial plate count at (P≤0.05) in Groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 after 14 Days of Acclimatization, after 7 days of Treatment and after further 14 Days of Treatment. Group 1 showed no statistical significance at P=0.212. Furthermore, there was significant difference in weight comparison at (P≤0.05) in rats contained in all groups after 7 days and after further 14 days of treatment, rats in group 1 showed weight gain. There was weight loss in all the treatment groups (2 ,3, 4, and 5). Antibiotic-resistant assay pattern of the isolates showed multiple drugs resistance to all the antibiotics used with Bacillus and Enterobacter being the most resistant isolates. The molecular characterization and identification of the isolates revealed close relatedness to Staphylococcus arlettae, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter cancerogenus, Acinetobacter nosocomialis, Comamonas testosterone, Klebsiella veriicola, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus cereus, it showed that the molecular technique proved to be more specific and accurate than the convectional technique in the identification and characterization of the isolates. Also, the gut bacterial count of the rats that were treated with the tea were significantly raised indicating that the tea has the potential to influence the abundance and diversity of gut bacteria. As seen in this study, molecular characterisation of gut bacteria identifies bacteria upto their specie level and they are influenced by diet.
{"title":"Molecular Characterisation of Gut Bacteria in Wista Rat After Green Tea Consumption","authors":"Joyce Uweh Emmanuel, Agi Vivian Nkemkanma, Aleru Prisca Constancy","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i101410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i101410","url":null,"abstract":"Green tea can influence the gut bacteria by either stimulating or hindering the growth of specific species. This experimental study was carried out in Rivers State, Nigeria to molecularly characterize gut bacteria in Wista rats after green tea consumption. Twenty-five (25) rats divided into five groups were used; each group had five (5) rats having an average weight range of 70g – 130g. After acclimatization of 2 weeks, groups (2, 3, 4 & 5) were feed with green tea extract based on standard method using oral gavage with rat feed pellet and water for seven (7) days and fourteen (14) days respectively based on their body weights and group 1 (control) was fed with rat feed pellet and water only for same duration and their weights recorded. Stool samples were collected aseptically by pulling from each group into sterile stool sample bottles and sent to the laboratory for immediate analysis. Conventional microbiological methods of culturing and molecular methods were utilized for identification of isolates, total heterotrophic plate count and antibiotic susceptibility were also done. The data from this study were analysed using SPSS version 23, to survey difference in gut bacterial count of wista rats after fed with green tea, rat weight across the study groups, and the values were expressed as mean ± SD at a 5% alpha level. The study reported a statistical difference in bacterial plate count at (P≤0.05) in Groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 after 14 Days of Acclimatization, after 7 days of Treatment and after further 14 Days of Treatment. Group 1 showed no statistical significance at P=0.212. Furthermore, there was significant difference in weight comparison at (P≤0.05) in rats contained in all groups after 7 days and after further 14 days of treatment, rats in group 1 showed weight gain. There was weight loss in all the treatment groups (2 ,3, 4, and 5). Antibiotic-resistant assay pattern of the isolates showed multiple drugs resistance to all the antibiotics used with Bacillus and Enterobacter being the most resistant isolates. The molecular characterization and identification of the isolates revealed close relatedness to Staphylococcus arlettae, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter cancerogenus, Acinetobacter nosocomialis, Comamonas testosterone, Klebsiella veriicola, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus cereus, it showed that the molecular technique proved to be more specific and accurate than the convectional technique in the identification and characterization of the isolates. Also, the gut bacterial count of the rats that were treated with the tea were significantly raised indicating that the tea has the potential to influence the abundance and diversity of gut bacteria. As seen in this study, molecular characterisation of gut bacteria identifies bacteria upto their specie level and they are influenced by diet.","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138949185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-20DOI: 10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i101409
Nyenke, C. U., Onosakponome, E. O., Ikpeama R. A., Nathaniel C. D., Ezenwaka. C. O.
Historically, the presence of T. vaginalis has been viewed to be associated with certain risk factors. This study is focused on assessing the association between selected risk factors and trichomoniasis. The cross-sectional study was composed of 650 women, 450 of them were tested for trichomonas infection using urine samples while the remaining 200 were tested for trichomonas infection using a high vagina swab (HVS). These women were randomly selected among pregnant women, women with HIV, Out-patient, and healthy volunteers. After consenting to participate in the study, data concerning their exposure to selected risk factors were gathered through a filled questionnaire. The results revealed that there was an association between “engaging in unprotected sex” and trichomoniasis (p<0.05). Similarly, there were associations between the prevalence of trichomoniasis and “wearing air-tight underwear” (p<0.05), “repeating underwear” (p<0.05), “knowledge of trichomoniasis” (p<0.05) and “source of information” (p<0.05). This study has shown that engaging in unprotected sex, wearing air-tight underwear, repeating underwear, knowledge of trichomoniasis and source of infection are significant risk factors of trichomoniasis among women in Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH).
{"title":"Association between Risk Factors and Trichomoniasis among Women in Port Harcourt Rivers State, Nigeria","authors":"Nyenke, C. U., Onosakponome, E. O., Ikpeama R. A., Nathaniel C. D., Ezenwaka. C. O.","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i101409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i101409","url":null,"abstract":"Historically, the presence of T. vaginalis has been viewed to be associated with certain risk factors. This study is focused on assessing the association between selected risk factors and trichomoniasis. The cross-sectional study was composed of 650 women, 450 of them were tested for trichomonas infection using urine samples while the remaining 200 were tested for trichomonas infection using a high vagina swab (HVS). These women were randomly selected among pregnant women, women with HIV, Out-patient, and healthy volunteers. After consenting to participate in the study, data concerning their exposure to selected risk factors were gathered through a filled questionnaire. The results revealed that there was an association between “engaging in unprotected sex” and trichomoniasis (p<0.05). Similarly, there were associations between the prevalence of trichomoniasis and “wearing air-tight underwear” (p<0.05), “repeating underwear” (p<0.05), “knowledge of trichomoniasis” (p<0.05) and “source of information” (p<0.05). This study has shown that engaging in unprotected sex, wearing air-tight underwear, repeating underwear, knowledge of trichomoniasis and source of infection are significant risk factors of trichomoniasis among women in Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH).","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"35 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138957466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Biosurfactants are a variety of groups of active compounds produced by various types of microorganisms. Bacterial surfactants are suitable for a range of applications in the oil industry, food, agriculture, pharmaceutical, cosmetics and bioremediation. Therefore, the search for sustainable alternatives to production of chemical biosurfactant is widely being encouraged. Aim: The present study aimed to isolate and screen bacterial species for biosurfactant production. Methodology: Two hundred soil samples collected from hydrocarbon contaminated soils in Awka, Nigeria, were cultured on casein starch agar. The isolates were screened for biosurfactant production stability and antimicrobial activity. Results: Primary screening on the 87 recovered isolates using drop collapse, oil spreading, haemolysis tests showed that 16 isolates (18.39%) were biosurfactant producers. Secondary screening resulted in 9 isolates with good emulsification index (E24) ranging from 42.18% to 74.07%. The culture supernatant of the isolates containing biosurfactants were stable at varying pH (2 – 12), temperature (4 - 121˚C) and salinity (2 – 20%). Most isolates have antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Based on oil spreading, emulsification index and antimicrobial activity, four of the isolates, ASP, AS1, DS4, DS8, were selected as most efficient in biosurfactant production. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA genes classified ASP as Streptomyces sp, AS1 as Actinomyces sp, DS4 and DS 8 as species of Alcaligenes faecalis. Conclusion: All the species investigated were observed to be active biosurfactant producers. The stability of the biosurfactants, and their antimicrobial nature, make them suitable candidates for use in various industrial sectors.
{"title":"Isolation and Screening of Biosurfactant-Producing Bacteria from Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Soils in Awka, Southeast, Nigeria","authors":"Nnabugwu Chidmma Stella, Ekwealor Chito Clare, Anaukwu Chikodili Gladys, Anakwenze Vivian Nonyelum, Mba, Anthonia Nkiru, Ekwealor, Ikechukwu Amaechi","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i101407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i101407","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Biosurfactants are a variety of groups of active compounds produced by various types of microorganisms. Bacterial surfactants are suitable for a range of applications in the oil industry, food, agriculture, pharmaceutical, cosmetics and bioremediation. Therefore, the search for sustainable alternatives to production of chemical biosurfactant is widely being encouraged. \u0000Aim: The present study aimed to isolate and screen bacterial species for biosurfactant production. \u0000Methodology: Two hundred soil samples collected from hydrocarbon contaminated soils in Awka, Nigeria, were cultured on casein starch agar. The isolates were screened for biosurfactant production stability and antimicrobial activity. \u0000Results: Primary screening on the 87 recovered isolates using drop collapse, oil spreading, haemolysis tests showed that 16 isolates (18.39%) were biosurfactant producers. Secondary screening resulted in 9 isolates with good emulsification index (E24) ranging from 42.18% to 74.07%. The culture supernatant of the isolates containing biosurfactants were stable at varying pH (2 – 12), temperature (4 - 121˚C) and salinity (2 – 20%). Most isolates have antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Based on oil spreading, emulsification index and antimicrobial activity, four of the isolates, ASP, AS1, DS4, DS8, were selected as most efficient in biosurfactant production. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA genes classified ASP as Streptomyces sp, AS1 as Actinomyces sp, DS4 and DS 8 as species of Alcaligenes faecalis. \u0000Conclusion: All the species investigated were observed to be active biosurfactant producers. The stability of the biosurfactants, and their antimicrobial nature, make them suitable candidates for use in various industrial sectors.","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138595029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i101406
Farma Thiam, Abdoulaye Diop, B. Ndiaye, Ndeye Maguette Bèye, Issa Ndiaye, Ousmane Sow, Magatte Ndiaye, T. Diallo, Abdoulaye Seck
Background: Multi-resistant bacteria have emerged as a global threat to human health. In Africa, there are few data on AMR. The objective of this study was to determine antibiotic resistance profile of enterobacteria strains and prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated in a university hospital in the suburbs of Dakar. Methods: Enterobacterales were isolated from a wide range of clinical specimens (urine, pus, blood, catheter tip and bronchoalveolar fluid) from inpatients and outpatients at Medical Biology Laboratory of National University Hospital Center of Pikine from November 2019 to October 2020. Enterobacterales were identified using API 20E. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed with ATB G-EU (08) (bio Mérieuxs®) on all enterobacterales in accordance with CA-SFM/EUCAST 2020 guidelines. Results: Of the 3422 different clinical specimens tested, 623 (17.1%) were culture positive. Enterobacteriaceae accounted for 57.6% (n=359) of the strains; Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were predominant isolates with 53.5% and 20.6% respectively. Seventy-four(%) strains of enterobacterales were ESBL. Antibiotic resistance patterns showed a prevalence of multidrug resistant strains of 32.6%. The most active antibiotics on isolates were imipenem (25%), followed by amikacin (15%), fosfomycin (12%) and piperacillin-tazobactam (10%). Conclusion: High rates of ESBL and multidrug-resistant strains were found in both outpatients and inpatients. These results indicate need for an active surveillance system for antimicrobial resistance. Also, the application of good hospital hygiene practices and antibiotic therapy adapted to local data must be adopted.
背景：多重耐药细菌已成为人类健康的全球性威胁。在非洲，有关 AMR 的数据很少。本研究旨在确定达喀尔郊区一所大学医院中分离出的肠杆菌菌株的抗生素耐药性概况和多重耐药菌的流行率。 研究方法：从2019年11月至2020年10月，在皮金国立大学医院中心医学生物学实验室从住院和门诊患者的各种临床标本（尿液、脓液、血液、导管尖端和支气管肺泡液）中分离出肠杆菌。使用 API 20E 鉴定肠杆菌。根据 CA-SFM/EUCAST 2020 指南，使用 ATB G-EU (08) (bio Mérieuxs®) 对所有肠杆菌进行抗菌药敏感性检测。 结果：在检测的 3422 份不同临床标本中，有 623 份（17.1%）培养呈阳性。肠杆菌科细菌占菌株总数的 57.6%（n=359）；大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌是主要分离菌株，分别占 53.5%和 20.6%。74%的肠杆菌属菌株具有 ESBL。抗生素耐药性模式显示，耐多药菌株的流行率为 32.6%。对分离菌株最有效的抗生素是亚胺培南（25%），其次是阿米卡星（15%）、磷霉素（12%）和哌拉西林-他唑巴坦（10%）。 结论在门诊和住院患者中均发现了高比例的ESBL和耐多药菌株。这些结果表明，有必要建立积极的抗菌药耐药性监测系统。此外，还必须根据当地数据采用良好的医院卫生规范和抗生素疗法。
{"title":"Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacterales Isolated from 2019 to 2020 in a Tertiary Hospital in Dakar-Senegal","authors":"Farma Thiam, Abdoulaye Diop, B. Ndiaye, Ndeye Maguette Bèye, Issa Ndiaye, Ousmane Sow, Magatte Ndiaye, T. Diallo, Abdoulaye Seck","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i101406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i101406","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Multi-resistant bacteria have emerged as a global threat to human health. In Africa, there are few data on AMR. The objective of this study was to determine antibiotic resistance profile of enterobacteria strains and prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated in a university hospital in the suburbs of Dakar. Methods: Enterobacterales were isolated from a wide range of clinical specimens (urine, pus, blood, catheter tip and bronchoalveolar fluid) from inpatients and outpatients at Medical Biology Laboratory of National University Hospital Center of Pikine from November 2019 to October 2020. Enterobacterales were identified using API 20E. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed with ATB G-EU (08) (bio Mérieuxs®) on all enterobacterales in accordance with CA-SFM/EUCAST 2020 guidelines. Results: Of the 3422 different clinical specimens tested, 623 (17.1%) were culture positive. Enterobacteriaceae accounted for 57.6% (n=359) of the strains; Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were predominant isolates with 53.5% and 20.6% respectively. Seventy-four(%) strains of enterobacterales were ESBL. Antibiotic resistance patterns showed a prevalence of multidrug resistant strains of 32.6%. The most active antibiotics on isolates were imipenem (25%), followed by amikacin (15%), fosfomycin (12%) and piperacillin-tazobactam (10%). Conclusion: High rates of ESBL and multidrug-resistant strains were found in both outpatients and inpatients. These results indicate need for an active surveillance system for antimicrobial resistance. Also, the application of good hospital hygiene practices and antibiotic therapy adapted to local data must be adopted.","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"434 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139204318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-24DOI: 10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i91405
H. B. L. Feudjio, Michel Noubom, M. Goka, J. Djenguemtar, E. Konack, G. T. Kamsu, J. B. Sokoudjou, N. Kodjio, L. N. Famen, D. Gatsing
Background: In Cameroon, typhoid fever is after malaria, the disease with which health workers are most confronted because its incidence is constantly increasing. Salmonella has become over time multiresistant to antibiotics available on the market, for this reason, it becomes imperative to use drugs made from extracts of parts of medicinal plants consisting of several secondary metabolites at the origin of their good efficacity. Objective: Determine whether the aqueous and hydroethanolics leaf extract of Dracaena deisteliana have in vitro antisalmonellal activities, and to determine the site of action of the most active extract on Salmonella Typhi strain (ATCC6539). Methods: To do this, the in vitro antisalmonellal activity of aqueous and hydroethanolics leaf extracts of Dracaena deisteliana was evaluated by the liquid microdilution method. The modes of action of the 55% hydroethanolic leaf extract of Dracaena deisteliana was also done in order to verify the sites of action of this extract. Results: The in vitro antisalmonellal activity revealed that the decocted and 55% hydroethanolic leaf extract of Dracaena deisteliana presented MICs of 256 and 128 μg/ml respectively on the Salmonella Typhi (ATCC6539) strain on which they were tested. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of steroids, terpenoids, tannins, phenols, and saponins in aqueous and hydroethanolics leaf extracts of Dracaena deisteliana. The modes by which the 55% hydroethanolic leaf extract of Dracaena deisteliana inhibits the growth of Salmonella, were studied by following bacterial decay, bacteriolysis, inhibition of biofilms, inhibition of ATPASES-H+ proton pumps, protein synthesis and biofilm formation. The study of growth kinetics on the Salmonella Typhi strain (ATCC6539) showed that at all concentrations (2MIC, MIC and 1/2MIC), the 55% hydroethanolic leaf extract of Dracaena deisteliana induced the inhibition of bacterial ATPASES-H+ proton pumps. This extract also inhibits the formation of biofilms from 28 to 72% and prevents the synthesis of Salmonella Typhi strain (ATCC6539) proteins. Conclusion: Aqueous and Hydroethanolics leaf extracts of Dracaena deisteliana possess in vitro antisalmonellal activities.
{"title":"Antisamonellal Property and Modes of Action of Leaf Extracts of Dracaena deisteliana Engl. (Dracaenaceae)","authors":"H. B. L. Feudjio, Michel Noubom, M. Goka, J. Djenguemtar, E. Konack, G. T. Kamsu, J. B. Sokoudjou, N. Kodjio, L. N. Famen, D. Gatsing","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i91405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i91405","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In Cameroon, typhoid fever is after malaria, the disease with which health workers are most confronted because its incidence is constantly increasing. Salmonella has become over time multiresistant to antibiotics available on the market, for this reason, it becomes imperative to use drugs made from extracts of parts of medicinal plants consisting of several secondary metabolites at the origin of their good efficacity. Objective: Determine whether the aqueous and hydroethanolics leaf extract of Dracaena deisteliana have in vitro antisalmonellal activities, and to determine the site of action of the most active extract on Salmonella Typhi strain (ATCC6539). Methods: To do this, the in vitro antisalmonellal activity of aqueous and hydroethanolics leaf extracts of Dracaena deisteliana was evaluated by the liquid microdilution method. The modes of action of the 55% hydroethanolic leaf extract of Dracaena deisteliana was also done in order to verify the sites of action of this extract. Results: The in vitro antisalmonellal activity revealed that the decocted and 55% hydroethanolic leaf extract of Dracaena deisteliana presented MICs of 256 and 128 μg/ml respectively on the Salmonella Typhi (ATCC6539) strain on which they were tested. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of steroids, terpenoids, tannins, phenols, and saponins in aqueous and hydroethanolics leaf extracts of Dracaena deisteliana. The modes by which the 55% hydroethanolic leaf extract of Dracaena deisteliana inhibits the growth of Salmonella, were studied by following bacterial decay, bacteriolysis, inhibition of biofilms, inhibition of ATPASES-H+ proton pumps, protein synthesis and biofilm formation. The study of growth kinetics on the Salmonella Typhi strain (ATCC6539) showed that at all concentrations (2MIC, MIC and 1/2MIC), the 55% hydroethanolic leaf extract of Dracaena deisteliana induced the inhibition of bacterial ATPASES-H+ proton pumps. This extract also inhibits the formation of biofilms from 28 to 72% and prevents the synthesis of Salmonella Typhi strain (ATCC6539) proteins. Conclusion: Aqueous and Hydroethanolics leaf extracts of Dracaena deisteliana possess in vitro antisalmonellal activities.","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"2007 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139239327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-03DOI: 10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i91404
Adama Sawadogo, Hama Cissé, Ganamé Abasse Ouédraogo, Kassoum Sawadogo, Samiratou Tapsoba, Cheikna Zongo, Aly Savadogo
Artisanal food production has been developing in recent years in African cities. However, the promoters of the artisanal food production structures do not always apply good hygiene practices (GHP) during their activities, which can lead to the production of food of unsatisfactory quality. Thus, this study was initiated to assess the quality and production conditions of local beverages produced in Ouagadougou. Twelve samples of four beverages (tamarind and pineapple juice, bissap, and toedo) were collected during different productions and then sent to the laboratory. Microbiological and physico-chemical analyzes were done using standard microbiological methods and Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) methods respectively. The evaluation of the application of GHP was carried out using a checklist. The results obtained show that for all the beverage samples, the pH varies from 2.44±0.02 to 3.55±0.00, The titratable acidity from 0.29±0.02% to 0.75±0.02% and the brix degree from 11.00±0.00% to 16.50±0.11%. Total mesophilic aerobic flora (TMAF) and yeast and mold loads were respectively from 1.00x103 colony forming unit per milliliter (CFU/mL) to 7.30x104 CFU/mL and from <10 CFU/mL to 9.00x102 CFU/mL. All samples had a coliform load less than 10 CFU/mL. Salmonella and Shigella were absent in all samples. This study shows that most of the beverage samples studied have a compliant pH and Brix level. Referring to all the germs studied, 8.33% of local beverage samples are of satisfactory quality, 41.66% of acceptable quality and 50.00% of unsatisfactory quality. GHP assessment showed compliance rates of 100% (raw material), 66.66% (labour), 66.66% (methods), 55.55% (environment) and 25% (equipment). The results of this study indicate the need for the establishment of a quality assurance system followed within local beverage production structures.
{"title":"Assessment of Quality and Production Conditions of Local Beverages Produced in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso","authors":"Adama Sawadogo, Hama Cissé, Ganamé Abasse Ouédraogo, Kassoum Sawadogo, Samiratou Tapsoba, Cheikna Zongo, Aly Savadogo","doi":"10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i91404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2023/v33i91404","url":null,"abstract":"Artisanal food production has been developing in recent years in African cities. However, the promoters of the artisanal food production structures do not always apply good hygiene practices (GHP) during their activities, which can lead to the production of food of unsatisfactory quality. Thus, this study was initiated to assess the quality and production conditions of local beverages produced in Ouagadougou. Twelve samples of four beverages (tamarind and pineapple juice, bissap, and toedo) were collected during different productions and then sent to the laboratory. Microbiological and physico-chemical analyzes were done using standard microbiological methods and Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) methods respectively. The evaluation of the application of GHP was carried out using a checklist. The results obtained show that for all the beverage samples, the pH varies from 2.44±0.02 to 3.55±0.00, The titratable acidity from 0.29±0.02% to 0.75±0.02% and the brix degree from 11.00±0.00% to 16.50±0.11%. Total mesophilic aerobic flora (TMAF) and yeast and mold loads were respectively from 1.00x103 colony forming unit per milliliter (CFU/mL) to 7.30x104 CFU/mL and from <10 CFU/mL to 9.00x102 CFU/mL. All samples had a coliform load less than 10 CFU/mL. Salmonella and Shigella were absent in all samples. This study shows that most of the beverage samples studied have a compliant pH and Brix level. Referring to all the germs studied, 8.33% of local beverage samples are of satisfactory quality, 41.66% of acceptable quality and 50.00% of unsatisfactory quality. GHP assessment showed compliance rates of 100% (raw material), 66.66% (labour), 66.66% (methods), 55.55% (environment) and 25% (equipment). The results of this study indicate the need for the establishment of a quality assurance system followed within local beverage production structures.","PeriodicalId":18450,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research Journal International","volume":"28 21","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135873730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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