Adam Lacman, Matěj Křístek, Patricie Karol, Martin Klempa
CO2 emissions are considered to be partly responsible for climate change. One of the available methods to reduce CO2 emissions is its storage in favorable rock structures, such as mined hydrocarbon deposits. Natural hermeticity is guaranteed with this reservoir structure. An increase in pressure conditions in the deposit, induced by long-term CO2 storage, can lead to the splitting of exposed rocks. It is therefore necessary to carry out geomechanical tests on available drill core samples. The presented article presents the results of laboratory research aimed at determining the mechanical-elastic parameters of reservoir rocks of a hydrocarbon deposit using non-destructive testing. The advantage of this method is the possibility of testing the given samples before and after exposure to CO2. The laboratory research carried out revealed significant differences in the measured mechanical-elastic parameters of the tested samples. Taking into account that samples of the consistent reservoir structure of the same deposit were tested, the necessity of detailed testing of geomechanical parameters arises. It was interpreted that the differences in mechanical-elastic parameters found by the research may be caused by differences in the lithological composition (for these purposes, XRD powder diffraction was implemented), or by mechanical disturbance given, for example, by fracture predisposed by structural-tectonic processes. Different humidity can also have an effect, or degree of saturation of the tested samples.
{"title":"Study of Mechanical-Elastic Parameters of Reservoir Rocks with Respect to the Purpose of Permanent CO2 Storage","authors":"Adam Lacman, Matěj Křístek, Patricie Karol, Martin Klempa","doi":"10.56801/mme1013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56801/mme1013","url":null,"abstract":"CO2 emissions are considered to be partly responsible for climate change. One of the available methods to reduce CO2 emissions is its storage in favorable rock structures, such as mined hydrocarbon deposits. Natural hermeticity is guaranteed with this reservoir structure. An increase in pressure conditions in the deposit, induced by long-term CO2 storage, can lead to the splitting of exposed rocks. It is therefore necessary to carry out geomechanical tests on available drill core samples. The presented article presents the results of laboratory research aimed at determining the mechanical-elastic parameters of reservoir rocks of a hydrocarbon deposit using non-destructive testing. The advantage of this method is the possibility of testing the given samples before and after exposure to CO2. The laboratory research carried out revealed significant differences in the measured mechanical-elastic parameters of the tested samples. Taking into account that samples of the consistent reservoir structure of the same deposit were tested, the necessity of detailed testing of geomechanical parameters arises. It was interpreted that the differences in mechanical-elastic parameters found by the research may be caused by differences in the lithological composition (for these purposes, XRD powder diffraction was implemented), or by mechanical disturbance given, for example, by fracture predisposed by structural-tectonic processes. Different humidity can also have an effect, or degree of saturation of the tested samples.","PeriodicalId":18466,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical and Materials Engineering","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135787168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
None Ahmed J. Mohammed, None Einas A. Abood, None Mahir A. Jalal, None Ibrahim K. Ibrahim
The aim of the article is to study the influence of environmentally friendly palm frond ash on the mechanical and thermal properties of polyurethane used as filler. Various weight filler ratios with particle sizes around (125 μm) were examined and characterized using elongation, tensile strength, Young's modulus, compressive strength, average burning time, and infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that the addition of 20 wt.% palm frond ash powder significantly improved the hardness mixture by about 2.83 MPa. In addition to that, the highest value of the compressive strength of the polymer with the additive was recorded at 10 wt.%. Also, the most excellent value of Young’s modulus was 2 MPa at a ratio of 50 wt. %, as was the average burning time of about 33 sec. The mechanical properties of polyurethane were affected by adding palm frond ash, which increases the tensile and compressive strengths, making it suitable for use in many applications. Moreover, the environmentally friendly material reflects the benefits of waste recycling. The addition of filler affects the morphology and strengthens the brittleness. Additionally, the use of fly ash from palm frond combustion in the technology of polyurethane materials complies. Partial replacement of petrochemical components with waste filler also reduces the total energy consumption in producing PU composites.
{"title":"Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polyurethane-Palm Fronds Ash Composites","authors":"None Ahmed J. Mohammed, None Einas A. Abood, None Mahir A. Jalal, None Ibrahim K. Ibrahim","doi":"10.56801/mme1003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56801/mme1003","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to study the influence of environmentally friendly palm frond ash on the mechanical and thermal properties of polyurethane used as filler. Various weight filler ratios with particle sizes around (125 μm) were examined and characterized using elongation, tensile strength, Young's modulus, compressive strength, average burning time, and infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that the addition of 20 wt.% palm frond ash powder significantly improved the hardness mixture by about 2.83 MPa. In addition to that, the highest value of the compressive strength of the polymer with the additive was recorded at 10 wt.%. Also, the most excellent value of Young’s modulus was 2 MPa at a ratio of 50 wt. %, as was the average burning time of about 33 sec. The mechanical properties of polyurethane were affected by adding palm frond ash, which increases the tensile and compressive strengths, making it suitable for use in many applications. Moreover, the environmentally friendly material reflects the benefits of waste recycling. The addition of filler affects the morphology and strengthens the brittleness. Additionally, the use of fly ash from palm frond combustion in the technology of polyurethane materials complies. Partial replacement of petrochemical components with waste filler also reduces the total energy consumption in producing PU composites.
","PeriodicalId":18466,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical and Materials Engineering","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135364190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
FSP is a relatively new technique that changes the microstructure on the surface of the material to improve mechanical properties in the desired zone. This study aimed to investigate the surface quality of AA2098 sheets after being subjected to friction stir processing under different conditions of feed rate and rotational speed. A DoE analysis was developed with two factors, feed rate and rotational speed, and three different levels of 75, 100, 125 mm/min and 1000, 1250, 1500 rpm respectively, in order to assess the processed surface quality. The Sa parameter was used to represent the surface quality in different zones of the process, near entrance tool, middle and near exit tool, and ANOVA analysis was conducted. The results indicated that only the position and feed rate have a statistical influence on surface roughness. Additionally, the surface quality is strongly affected by the position relative to the entrance of the tool and the side (retreating or advancing sides). The roughness was found to be significantly lower on the advancing side rather than on the retreating side.
{"title":"Analysis of Friction stir processed surface quality of AA2098 aluminum alloy for aeronautical applications","authors":"None Mauro Carta, None Pasquale Buonadonna, None Gianluca Marongiu, None Mohamad El Mehtedi","doi":"10.56801/mme1000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56801/mme1000","url":null,"abstract":"FSP is a relatively new technique that changes the microstructure on the surface of the material to improve mechanical properties in the desired zone. This study aimed to investigate the surface quality of AA2098 sheets after being subjected to friction stir processing under different conditions of feed rate and rotational speed. A DoE analysis was developed with two factors, feed rate and rotational speed, and three different levels of 75, 100, 125 mm/min and 1000, 1250, 1500 rpm respectively, in order to assess the processed surface quality. The Sa parameter was used to represent the surface quality in different zones of the process, near entrance tool, middle and near exit tool, and ANOVA analysis was conducted. The results indicated that only the position and feed rate have a statistical influence on surface roughness. Additionally, the surface quality is strongly affected by the position relative to the entrance of the tool and the side (retreating or advancing sides). The roughness was found to be significantly lower on the advancing side rather than on the retreating side.","PeriodicalId":18466,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical and Materials Engineering","volume":"188 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135022601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Badiâ AIT EL HAJ, Abederrazak Hamadellah, Aboubakr BOUAYAD, Charaf El Akili
Improving the utilization of aluminum grain refinement in industrial settings is a continual point of focus for research. Grain refinement serves the dual purpose of not only achieving a fine grain size, but also enhancing the mechanical properties of materials. Numerous researchers have dedicated significant efforts over the last decades to explore the grain refinement of aluminium alloys. There have been a number of studies relating to the mechanisms that explains the observed phenomena associated with grain refinement. The most commonly employed are grain refiners based on Al–Ti–B system. However, a limited efficiency of these grain refiners on aluminium silicon alloys with excessive Si and the effect of alloying elements have been noticed. The review examines the impact of the factors influencing grain refining behaviour of master alloys, including the effects of poisoning elements such as Si, Mg, Zr, and Sr. A large grain refiners used for enhancing the properties of aluminium silicon alloys are reviewed. An overview of new refiners has been given. Also, procedures for assessment of grain refinement have been examined.
{"title":"Review Of Grain Refinement Performance Of Aluminium Cast Alloys","authors":"Badiâ AIT EL HAJ, Abederrazak Hamadellah, Aboubakr BOUAYAD, Charaf El Akili","doi":"10.56801/mme997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56801/mme997","url":null,"abstract":"Improving the utilization of aluminum grain refinement in industrial settings is a continual point of focus for research. Grain refinement serves the dual purpose of not only achieving a fine grain size, but also enhancing the mechanical properties of materials. Numerous researchers have dedicated significant efforts over the last decades to explore the grain refinement of aluminium alloys. There have been a number of studies relating to the mechanisms that explains the observed phenomena associated with grain refinement. The most commonly employed are grain refiners based on Al–Ti–B system. However, a limited efficiency of these grain refiners on aluminium silicon alloys with excessive Si and the effect of alloying elements have been noticed. The review examines the impact of the factors influencing grain refining behaviour of master alloys, including the effects of poisoning elements such as Si, Mg, Zr, and Sr. A large grain refiners used for enhancing the properties of aluminium silicon alloys are reviewed. An overview of new refiners has been given. Also, procedures for assessment of grain refinement have been examined.","PeriodicalId":18466,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical and Materials Engineering","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135999474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, we aim to investigate the effect of zinc interstitials (Zni) and oxygen vacancies (VO) on the ZnO electrical conductivity. ZnO films were synthesized via DC magnetron sputtering process using pure Zn target in gases mixture of Ar/O2 = 80/17.5 (sccm). In order to improve the optical and electrical prosperities, the obtained films were subjected to air and vacuum annealing treatment. Several techniques such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction (GIXRD), Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) and UV-visible were used to study the influence of heat treatment on structural and physical properties of ZnO films. Electrical conductivity of ZnO thin films was determined by measuring the sheet resistance and thickness of the films. XRD results confirm the synthesis of annealed ZnO films of the hexagonal structure with a preferential orientation along the (002) plane. The average crystallite size is altered between 22.6 to 28.4 nm dependent on the plan orientation of the ZnO film. Morphology and crystallinity of the ZnO structure could efficiently control the transmittance, electrical resistivity and optical band gap. As deposited ZnO film showed a lower electrical resistivity of 2.72×10-3 Ωcm due to the Zn-rich conditions. Under vacuum annealing, a combination of low resistivity (1.17×10-2 Ωcm) and better optical transmittance (87 %) are obtained. ZnO films developed in this study with high transmittance and low resistivity and good electro-optical quality supports their use in transparent and conductive electrode applications. The plan presentation was visualized using Vesta, with the lattice parameter set as follows: a = b = 3.249 Å; c = 5.207 Å; α = β = 90°; γ = 120°. Based on the construction and optimization of primitive cells, the supercells were constructed and then optimized. Finally, (002) and (103) planes were cut and the planar supercell structure was constructed. In order to make a plane representation for the solid bulk with 10 Å of thickness.
{"title":"Air and Vacuum Annealing Effect on the Highly Conducting and Transparent Properties of the Undoped Zinc Oxide Thin Films Prepared by DC Magnetron Sputtering","authors":"Lamia Radjehi, Linda Aissani, Abdelkader Djelloul, Abdenour Saoudi, Salim Lamri, Komla Nomenyo, Gilles Lerondel, Frédéric Sanchette","doi":"10.56801/mme889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56801/mme889","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we aim to investigate the effect of zinc interstitials (Zni) and oxygen vacancies (VO) on the ZnO electrical conductivity. ZnO films were synthesized via DC magnetron sputtering process using pure Zn target in gases mixture of Ar/O2 = 80/17.5 (sccm). In order to improve the optical and electrical prosperities, the obtained films were subjected to air and vacuum annealing treatment. Several techniques such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction (GIXRD), Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) and UV-visible were used to study the influence of heat treatment on structural and physical properties of ZnO films. Electrical conductivity of ZnO thin films was determined by measuring the sheet resistance and thickness of the films. XRD results confirm the synthesis of annealed ZnO films of the hexagonal structure with a preferential orientation along the (002) plane. The average crystallite size is altered between 22.6 to 28.4 nm dependent on the plan orientation of the ZnO film. Morphology and crystallinity of the ZnO structure could efficiently control the transmittance, electrical resistivity and optical band gap. As deposited ZnO film showed a lower electrical resistivity of 2.72×10-3 Ωcm due to the Zn-rich conditions. Under vacuum annealing, a combination of low resistivity (1.17×10-2 Ωcm) and better optical transmittance (87 %) are obtained. ZnO films developed in this study with high transmittance and low resistivity and good electro-optical quality supports their use in transparent and conductive electrode applications. The plan presentation was visualized using Vesta, with the lattice parameter set as follows: a = b = 3.249 Å; c = 5.207 Å; α = β = 90°; γ = 120°. Based on the construction and optimization of primitive cells, the supercells were constructed and then optimized. Finally, (002) and (103) planes were cut and the planar supercell structure was constructed. In order to make a plane representation for the solid bulk with 10 Å of thickness.","PeriodicalId":18466,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical and Materials Engineering","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135822135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
None S. Maksymova, None V. Voronov, None P. Kovalchuk, None A. Larionov
The paper presents the results of X-ray microspectral studies of dissimilar brazed joints of molybdenum with graphite. It is shown that during active brazing of graphite with molybdenum, mutual diffusion processes occur, and the adhesion-active brazing filler metals penetrates into graphite, and interacts with it, which leads to the formation of carbide phases. When using the Ti-Cr-V and Cu-Ti-Ni systems brazing filler metals, titanium carbides are formed. The zirconium carbides are formed, when using the brazing filler metals based on the Zr-Pd(Mo) systems and the CxMey(Mo, Cr) carbides are formed using the brazing filler metals of the Pd-Ni-Cr-Ge system. The results of tests for three-point bending showed that the using of Pd-Ni-Cr-Ge brazing filler metals provides stable strength at the level of 34-37 MPa, destruction occurs along graphite.
{"title":"Structure and Properties of Graphite-Molybdenum Brazed Joints","authors":"None S. Maksymova, None V. Voronov, None P. Kovalchuk, None A. Larionov","doi":"10.56801/mme989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56801/mme989","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of X-ray microspectral studies of dissimilar brazed joints of molybdenum with graphite. It is shown that during active brazing of graphite with molybdenum, mutual diffusion processes occur, and the adhesion-active brazing filler metals penetrates into graphite, and interacts with it, which leads to the formation of carbide phases. When using the Ti-Cr-V and Cu-Ti-Ni systems brazing filler metals, titanium carbides are formed. The zirconium carbides are formed, when using the brazing filler metals based on the Zr-Pd(Mo) systems and the CxMey(Mo, Cr) carbides are formed using the brazing filler metals of the Pd-Ni-Cr-Ge system. The results of tests for three-point bending showed that the using of Pd-Ni-Cr-Ge brazing filler metals provides stable strength at the level of 34-37 MPa, destruction occurs along graphite.","PeriodicalId":18466,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical and Materials Engineering","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135951272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main objective of this paper is to experimentally and numerically detect the surface cracks in the round bar for Ni-Al- 315 steel superalloy and calculate the crack depth which induces the sintering of these alloys. Several factors have contributed to surface defects, such as metallurgical defects and notches. The surface crack orientation can be estimated at the observed crack increase by using displacement. Various crack aspect ratios, a/b, ranging from 0.0 to 1.0, and relative crack depth, a/D, ranging from 0.2 to 0.4, are considered. The superalloy (Ni, Al and 315 steel) has been successfully modified utilizing the powder metallurgical process. The specimens are typically made up of Six layers, starting with (Al, Ni) across one side and ending with (Ni-Al- 315 steel) on another. Transmission electron microscopy (SEM) Instrument analysis has been used to detect the surface cracks and analyze the microstructure of superalloy used in detail using the X-pert analytical program.
{"title":"Surface cracks growth for superalloy in a round bar under different loading","authors":"None M. Abdulrazzaq, None Mahmoud. A. Hassan","doi":"10.56801/mme986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56801/mme986","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this paper is to experimentally and numerically detect the surface cracks in the round bar for Ni-Al- 315 steel superalloy and calculate the crack depth which induces the sintering of these alloys. Several factors have contributed to surface defects, such as metallurgical defects and notches. The surface crack orientation can be estimated at the observed crack increase by using displacement. Various crack aspect ratios, a/b, ranging from 0.0 to 1.0, and relative crack depth, a/D, ranging from 0.2 to 0.4, are considered. The superalloy (Ni, Al and 315 steel) has been successfully modified utilizing the powder metallurgical process. The specimens are typically made up of Six layers, starting with (Al, Ni) across one side and ending with (Ni-Al- 315 steel) on another. Transmission electron microscopy (SEM) Instrument analysis has been used to detect the surface cracks and analyze the microstructure of superalloy used in detail using the X-pert analytical program.","PeriodicalId":18466,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical and Materials Engineering","volume":"485 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135822887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Olta Çakaj, None Nikolla Civici, None Gert Schmidt
This study combines several analytical techniques to preliminary investigate two Illyrian helmets (V-IV century B.C.) excavated in Nënshat (Shkodra, northwest Albania) and in Krumë (Has, northeast Albania). They were stored in the Center of Albanian Studies, after excavation in 1963 in damaged conditions but have never been studied until now. The aims of this paper are the investigation of the helmets’ alloy and production technique; hence SEM-EDS, OM and Vickers microhardness tester were used to study the elements content, microstructure inclusions and its characteristics due to the production process. The Illyrian helmets alloy resulted Cu-Sn with less than 1% of Fe and As. The microstructure was composed by straight and bended twins, with 160.5 and 169.6 mean Vickers microhardness values, suggesting that these objects’ alloys were casted, annealed and cold worked to obtain the final distinctive shape. Elements such as S, Si, Fe can originate from the copper mineral used for the alloy production. This paper is part of a campaign in Albania to better understand the past with the use of physical analytical techniques.
{"title":"Preliminary study of two antique Illyrian helmets (V-IV B.C.) excavated in northwest and northeast of Albania","authors":"Olta Çakaj, None Nikolla Civici, None Gert Schmidt","doi":"10.56801/mme929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56801/mme929","url":null,"abstract":"This study combines several analytical techniques to preliminary investigate two Illyrian helmets (V-IV century B.C.) excavated in Nënshat (Shkodra, northwest Albania) and in Krumë (Has, northeast Albania). They were stored in the Center of Albanian Studies, after excavation in 1963 in damaged conditions but have never been studied until now. The aims of this paper are the investigation of the helmets’ alloy and production technique; hence SEM-EDS, OM and Vickers microhardness tester were used to study the elements content, microstructure inclusions and its characteristics due to the production process. The Illyrian helmets alloy resulted Cu-Sn with less than 1% of Fe and As. The microstructure was composed by straight and bended twins, with 160.5 and 169.6 mean Vickers microhardness values, suggesting that these objects’ alloys were casted, annealed and cold worked to obtain the final distinctive shape. Elements such as S, Si, Fe can originate from the copper mineral used for the alloy production. This paper is part of a campaign in Albania to better understand the past with the use of physical analytical techniques.","PeriodicalId":18466,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical and Materials Engineering","volume":"167 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135951270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A simple and cost effective technique to obtain locally hardened composite layer on cast alloy was previously developed based on advantages of liquid-sintering theory. This methodology provides an opportunity to produce final product with hardened composite layer with good wear resistance during casting process. The current study investigated the effect of combined B4C and FeV substrates on the composite layer properties during in situ cast sintering technique for low carbon steel. Microstructure inspection, XRD phase analysis, chemical composition, thickness measurement and the hardness test on the produced composite layer were conducted. The technique produced up to 640 (±300) µm thick composite layer with maximum hardness of 481 (± 14.6) HV. The hardness of the reinforced surface layer is 3-4 times higher than the base alloy. The increased hardness of composite zone is directly attributed to the presence of the iron boron (FeB), boron vanadium (V2B3) and iron carbide (Fe3C). There were no significant effect of substrate composition on the produced thickness of the composite layer. However, an increase of FeV proportion in the powder mixture leads increased the hardness. The current study is a first attempt to produce locally hardened surface layer on the low carbon steel using simple and cost effective in situ technique with use of relatively inexpensive substrates.
{"title":"In Situ Production of B4C and FeV Enriched Composite Surface on Low Carbon Steel by Cast Sintering Technique","authors":"Javkhlan Bat-Ulzii, Galaa Omoontsoo, Buryal Dondokovich Lygdenov, Tserenchimed Purevsuren","doi":"10.56801/mme913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56801/mme913","url":null,"abstract":"A simple and cost effective technique to obtain locally hardened composite layer on cast alloy was previously developed based on advantages of liquid-sintering theory. This methodology provides an opportunity to produce final product with hardened composite layer with good wear resistance during casting process. The current study investigated the effect of combined B4C and FeV substrates on the composite layer properties during in situ cast sintering technique for low carbon steel. Microstructure inspection, XRD phase analysis, chemical composition, thickness measurement and the hardness test on the produced composite layer were conducted. The technique produced up to 640 (±300) µm thick composite layer with maximum hardness of 481 (± 14.6) HV. The hardness of the reinforced surface layer is 3-4 times higher than the base alloy. The increased hardness of composite zone is directly attributed to the presence of the iron boron (FeB), boron vanadium (V2B3) and iron carbide (Fe3C). There were no significant effect of substrate composition on the produced thickness of the composite layer. However, an increase of FeV proportion in the powder mixture leads increased the hardness. The current study is a first attempt to produce locally hardened surface layer on the low carbon steel using simple and cost effective in situ technique with use of relatively inexpensive substrates.","PeriodicalId":18466,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical and Materials Engineering","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135821814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
None Dhyai Hassan jawad Aljashaami, None Mohammed A Al-Shujairi, None Ameen M. Al Juboori, None Salwan Obaid Waheed Khafaji, None Mohammed Jawad Aubad
In this work, dynamic analyses of a functionally graded beam are presented. The governing equations of the beam is found based on the displacement field defined by Timoshenko beam theory, then solved by using finite element method based on Hamilton’s principle. The beam is assumed to be free-clambed boundary condition (F-C). The PL index is used for describing the distribution of the beam properties in both transverse and longitudinal directions. A parametric study is accomplished to investigate effect of several parameters on the natural frequency, mode shapes and transient response of the beam., such as the PL indexes (nx and nz) for x and z axis, respectively, and the elasticity modulus ratio (Eratio). To valid the present results and current mathematical formulation, some of the findings are compared with another research. A good agreement is noticed. It is noted that the response of the beam is more sensitive to the variations of the PI in the longitudinal axes than that corresponding in the transverse one. For specific design requirements, the dynamic response of the beam can be adjusted by chose a proposal indexes and modulus ratios.
{"title":"Dynamic Analyses of Two-Dimensional Functionally Graded Timoshenko Beam using Finite element Method","authors":"None Dhyai Hassan jawad Aljashaami, None Mohammed A Al-Shujairi, None Ameen M. Al Juboori, None Salwan Obaid Waheed Khafaji, None Mohammed Jawad Aubad","doi":"10.56801/mme985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56801/mme985","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, dynamic analyses of a functionally graded beam are presented. The governing equations of the beam is found based on the displacement field defined by Timoshenko beam theory, then solved by using finite element method based on Hamilton’s principle. The beam is assumed to be free-clambed boundary condition (F-C). The PL index is used for describing the distribution of the beam properties in both transverse and longitudinal directions. A parametric study is accomplished to investigate effect of several parameters on the natural frequency, mode shapes and transient response of the beam., such as the PL indexes (nx and nz) for x and z axis, respectively, and the elasticity modulus ratio (Eratio). To valid the present results and current mathematical formulation, some of the findings are compared with another research. A good agreement is noticed. It is noted that the response of the beam is more sensitive to the variations of the PI in the longitudinal axes than that corresponding in the transverse one. For specific design requirements, the dynamic response of the beam can be adjusted by chose a proposal indexes and modulus ratios.","PeriodicalId":18466,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical and Materials Engineering","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135951271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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