Ederson Bitencourt das Neves, Edilson Nunes Pollnow, Alice Goní§alves Osorio
Microwave heating has emerged as an alternative to traditional sintering methods because it consumes less energy and requires shorter processing times. The use of microwave energy in the processing of austenitic stainless steel AISI 316L reinforced with dispersed boron carbide particles was investigated in this study. Different processing parameters were used to investigate the effect of sintering time and temperature, as well as the weight percentage of the ceramic added to the steel matrix, on the final material properties. The compressibility curve, elastic relaxation, and geometric density of green compacts were used to investigate their physical properties. The Archimedes method was used to determine density, and the statistical treatment of analysis of variance was used to determine porosity. Images obtained using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed the formation of a second phase in different volumes. The results showed that 1100 °C and a 15-minute plateau were sufficient to sinter the material. AISI 316L samples containing 3 wt.% boron carbide demonstrated greater volumetric formation of secondary phases, resulting in a significant increase in the hardness of the austenitic composite developed.
{"title":"The effect of microwave energy on sintering of an austenitic stainless steel reinforced with boron carbide","authors":"Ederson Bitencourt das Neves, Edilson Nunes Pollnow, Alice Goní§alves Osorio","doi":"10.30544/766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30544/766","url":null,"abstract":"Microwave heating has emerged as an alternative to traditional sintering methods because it consumes less energy and requires shorter processing times. The use of microwave energy in the processing of austenitic stainless steel AISI 316L reinforced with dispersed boron carbide particles was investigated in this study. Different processing parameters were used to investigate the effect of sintering time and temperature, as well as the weight percentage of the ceramic added to the steel matrix, on the final material properties. The compressibility curve, elastic relaxation, and geometric density of green compacts were used to investigate their physical properties. The Archimedes method was used to determine density, and the statistical treatment of analysis of variance was used to determine porosity. Images obtained using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed the formation of a second phase in different volumes. The results showed that 1100 °C and a 15-minute plateau were sufficient to sinter the material. AISI 316L samples containing 3 wt.% boron carbide demonstrated greater volumetric formation of secondary phases, resulting in a significant increase in the hardness of the austenitic composite developed.","PeriodicalId":18466,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical and Materials Engineering","volume":"229 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74471189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Riddhisha Chitwadgi, B. Siddesh, B. Shankar, R. Suresh, N. G. Siddeshkumar
The effect of heat treatment on nano-size B4C particle reinforced hybrid composites is discussed in this paper. For this, hybrid reinforced AA2219 composites with 2% by weight nano B4C and 2% by weight MoS2 particulates were fabricated using a two-stage stir casting process, and the specimens were heat treated to assess their influence on wear behavior. Experiments were carried out to study the wear behavior by varying important factors such as aging temperature, load, and sliding distance. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) designed by Box-Behnken was used to identify the critical variables influencing wear rate and optimize wear behavior. To comprehend the wear mechanisms involved, an analysis of the worn surface was presented. Based on the analysis, a regression equation with a predictability of 97.2% was developed for the response to obtain the optimum wear rate. The following order effectively captures the relative importance of the various factors determining the alloy's wear resistance: sliding distance, load, and aging temperature. When compared to load and sliding distance, heat treatments via artificial aging in the temperature range of 200-240 °C have no significant effect on the wear resistance of hybrid AA2219 composites reinforced with n-B4C and MoS2 particulates. However, when a temperature range of 200-240 °C is considered, composites exhibit better wear resistance at the aging temperature of 240 °C with ice quenching.
{"title":"Optimization and analysis of dry sliding wear behaviour of N-B4C/MOS2 unreinforced AA2219 nano hybrid composites using response surface methodology","authors":"Riddhisha Chitwadgi, B. Siddesh, B. Shankar, R. Suresh, N. G. Siddeshkumar","doi":"10.30544/840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30544/840","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of heat treatment on nano-size B4C particle reinforced hybrid composites is discussed in this paper. For this, hybrid reinforced AA2219 composites with 2% by weight nano B4C and 2% by weight MoS2 particulates were fabricated using a two-stage stir casting process, and the specimens were heat treated to assess their influence on wear behavior. Experiments were carried out to study the wear behavior by varying important factors such as aging temperature, load, and sliding distance. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) designed by Box-Behnken was used to identify the critical variables influencing wear rate and optimize wear behavior. To comprehend the wear mechanisms involved, an analysis of the worn surface was presented. Based on the analysis, a regression equation with a predictability of 97.2% was developed for the response to obtain the optimum wear rate. The following order effectively captures the relative importance of the various factors determining the alloy's wear resistance: sliding distance, load, and aging temperature. When compared to load and sliding distance, heat treatments via artificial aging in the temperature range of 200-240 °C have no significant effect on the wear resistance of hybrid AA2219 composites reinforced with n-B4C and MoS2 particulates. However, when a temperature range of 200-240 °C is considered, composites exhibit better wear resistance at the aging temperature of 240 °C with ice quenching.","PeriodicalId":18466,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical and Materials Engineering","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81008653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The success and predictability of titanium implants over long periods of time are well established, and there has been a tremendous increase in implant popularity among patients and clinicians over the last four decades. However, complications can occur, resulting in the loss of both the implant and the prosthesis. Dental implant fracture is uncommon; however, implants or abutment screws can fracture and cause significant problems for both the clinician and the patient. Improper design, overload, fatigue, and corrosion are all potential causes of implant fracture. Six retrieved fractured dental implants of varying diameter and thread design were collected on a regular basis to characterize their fracture behavior by SEM and assess the fracture mechanism. The majority of the implants were fractured as a result of fatigue crack initiation and propagation from the thread roots.
{"title":"Failure analysis of fractured dental implants","authors":"R. Bansal, Amit R Sharma, Vakil Singh Singh","doi":"10.30544/827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30544/827","url":null,"abstract":"The success and predictability of titanium implants over long periods of time are well established, and there has been a tremendous increase in implant popularity among patients and clinicians over the last four decades. However, complications can occur, resulting in the loss of both the implant and the prosthesis. Dental implant fracture is uncommon; however, implants or abutment screws can fracture and cause significant problems for both the clinician and the patient. Improper design, overload, fatigue, and corrosion are all potential causes of implant fracture. Six retrieved fractured dental implants of varying diameter and thread design were collected on a regular basis to characterize their fracture behavior by SEM and assess the fracture mechanism. The majority of the implants were fractured as a result of fatigue crack initiation and propagation from the thread roots.","PeriodicalId":18466,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical and Materials Engineering","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75965253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effect of hot compression temperatures and strain rates on deformation behavior and resultant microstructure of ATI 425 alloy with initial lamellar microstructure was investigated in this study. The temperature and strain rate of the hot compression test were chosen to be in the 700-1100 °C and 0.001-1 s-1 ranges, respectively. The stress-strain curve and microstructure evaluation show that the alloy's flow softening is associated with globularization and dynamic recrystallization mechanisms. The constitutive equation calculates the activation energy for the α/β and β regions to be 348 kJ/mol and 201 kJ/mol, respectively. Dynamic recovery and partial recrystallization are the dominant structure modification mechanisms in the beta single-phase region. Bending and fragmentation of alpha plates is the dominant mechanism of microstructure promotion in the α/β region at low temperatures and low strain rates, less than 0.1s-1. Local shear and alpha plate break-up are the main factors in structural modification at high strain rates, greater than 0.1s-1. The extracted process map at 0.5 strain revealed three zones: instability, safe zone, and peak zone, with power dissipation efficiencies of 0 -0.25%, 30-40%, and above 40%.
{"title":"Deformation behavior and processing map of ATI 425 with initial lamellar microstructure","authors":"R. Mahdavi, E. Emadoddin, S. M. Abbasi","doi":"10.30544/832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30544/832","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of hot compression temperatures and strain rates on deformation behavior and resultant microstructure of ATI 425 alloy with initial lamellar microstructure was investigated in this study. The temperature and strain rate of the hot compression test were chosen to be in the 700-1100 °C and 0.001-1 s-1 ranges, respectively. The stress-strain curve and microstructure evaluation show that the alloy's flow softening is associated with globularization and dynamic recrystallization mechanisms. The constitutive equation calculates the activation energy for the α/β and β regions to be 348 kJ/mol and 201 kJ/mol, respectively. Dynamic recovery and partial recrystallization are the dominant structure modification mechanisms in the beta single-phase region. Bending and fragmentation of alpha plates is the dominant mechanism of microstructure promotion in the α/β region at low temperatures and low strain rates, less than 0.1s-1. Local shear and alpha plate break-up are the main factors in structural modification at high strain rates, greater than 0.1s-1. The extracted process map at 0.5 strain revealed three zones: instability, safe zone, and peak zone, with power dissipation efficiencies of 0 -0.25%, 30-40%, and above 40%.","PeriodicalId":18466,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical and Materials Engineering","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83294895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Manasijević, Ljubiša Balanović, I. Marković, V. Ćosović, M. Gorgievski, Uroš Stamenković, Kristina Božinović
Thermal transport properties of solid Bi-Cu alloys have been investigated over a wide composition range and temperature range ranging from 25 to 250 °C. The flash method was used to determine thermal diffusivity. Thermal diffusivity was discovered to decrease continuously with increasing temperature and bismuth content. The indirect Archimedean method was used to determine the density of the Bi-Cu alloys at 25 °C. The obtained results show that the density of the studied alloys decreases slightly as the copper content increases. Thermal conductivity of the alloys was calculated using measured diffusivity, density, and a calculated specific heat capacity. The thermal conductivity of the studied Bi-Cu alloys decreases with increasing temperature and bismuth content, similar to thermal diffusivity. SEM with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to examine the microstructure and melting behavior of Bi-Cu alloys, respectively. The eutectic temperature was measured to be 269.9±0.1 °C, and the measured phase transition temperatures and heat effects were compared to thermodynamic calculations using the CALPHAD method.
{"title":"Thermal transport properties and microstructure of the solid Bi-Cu alloys","authors":"D. Manasijević, Ljubiša Balanović, I. Marković, V. Ćosović, M. Gorgievski, Uroš Stamenković, Kristina Božinović","doi":"10.30544/841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30544/841","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal transport properties of solid Bi-Cu alloys have been investigated over a wide composition range and temperature range ranging from 25 to 250 °C. The flash method was used to determine thermal diffusivity. Thermal diffusivity was discovered to decrease continuously with increasing temperature and bismuth content. The indirect Archimedean method was used to determine the density of the Bi-Cu alloys at 25 °C. The obtained results show that the density of the studied alloys decreases slightly as the copper content increases. Thermal conductivity of the alloys was calculated using measured diffusivity, density, and a calculated specific heat capacity. The thermal conductivity of the studied Bi-Cu alloys decreases with increasing temperature and bismuth content, similar to thermal diffusivity. SEM with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to examine the microstructure and melting behavior of Bi-Cu alloys, respectively. The eutectic temperature was measured to be 269.9±0.1 °C, and the measured phase transition temperatures and heat effects were compared to thermodynamic calculations using the CALPHAD method.","PeriodicalId":18466,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical and Materials Engineering","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72608295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thermal aging of standard samples of rigid PVC (u-PVC) taken from plastic tubes near and above the glass transition temperature (Tg) was used to investigate the effect of elevated temperatures on the mechanical properties of rigid (u-PVC) tubes used in industrial areas. Three aging protocols were used, each lasting 90 days at 80 °C, 100 °C, and 120 °C. Crosslinking and chain scission reactions changed the tensile properties, either increasing them or decreasing them. For all three aging protocols, it was discovered that Young's modulus increased with aging time. Furthermore, the rate of increase of the modulus was observed to increase with aging temperature. The Yield stress showed the same pattern. Their increase in both cases is due to material stiffening caused by a crosslinking process. This last one was revealed by DSC, where Tg increased as a result of the chemical process. The decrease in elongation at break, which occurred progressively in all aging protocols and more precisely at temperatures above Tg, on the other hand, demonstrated the relationship between chain scissions and temperature. The material becomes more brittle as the temperature rises. Brittleness is caused by a high activity of chain scissions on the surface sample, which allows micro-cracks to form. When subjected to tensile forces, cracks propagate from the surface toward the sample's thickness.
{"title":"Effect of thermal aging above the glass transition temperature on the mechanical properties of rigid PVC tube","authors":"Zineb Hadj amar, S. Chabira, M. Sebaa","doi":"10.30544/815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30544/815","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal aging of standard samples of rigid PVC (u-PVC) taken from plastic tubes near and above the glass transition temperature (Tg) was used to investigate the effect of elevated temperatures on the mechanical properties of rigid (u-PVC) tubes used in industrial areas. Three aging protocols were used, each lasting 90 days at 80 °C, 100 °C, and 120 °C. Crosslinking and chain scission reactions changed the tensile properties, either increasing them or decreasing them. For all three aging protocols, it was discovered that Young's modulus increased with aging time. Furthermore, the rate of increase of the modulus was observed to increase with aging temperature. The Yield stress showed the same pattern. Their increase in both cases is due to material stiffening caused by a crosslinking process. This last one was revealed by DSC, where Tg increased as a result of the chemical process. The decrease in elongation at break, which occurred progressively in all aging protocols and more precisely at temperatures above Tg, on the other hand, demonstrated the relationship between chain scissions and temperature. The material becomes more brittle as the temperature rises. Brittleness is caused by a high activity of chain scissions on the surface sample, which allows micro-cracks to form. When subjected to tensile forces, cracks propagate from the surface toward the sample's thickness.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":18466,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical and Materials Engineering","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80984575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amel Samia Chabira, C. Bouremel, A. Sakri, A. Boutarfaia
The current work aims to develop environmentally friendly plastic materials by preparing a composite polypropylene/thermoplastic starch (PP/TPS) using a melt-compounding process. In order to improve the compatibility of the two naturally incompatible polymers, natural Stipa tenacissima fibers treated on their surfaces and polypropylene (PP) pellets grafted with Maleic Anhydride (MA) were added to the mixture (PP and TPS). The mixture was then prepared using the melt-mixing method in various concentrations. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)/Differential thermal analysis (DTA), and mechanical tensile tests were then used to characterize the various formulations. SEM images revealed that the addition of (PP-g-MA) and natural fibers resulted in good starch plasticization and higher thermoplastic starch dispersion in the polypropylene matrix. It was also discovered that increasing the TPS concentration over the PP concentration tends to reduce the mechanical tensile properties. However, the composite with 15% TPS had the best mechanical properties. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results revealed that the organic filler used acted as a reinforcing agent, increasing the thermal stability of the polypropylene/thermoplastic starch (PP/TPS) compound.
{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of biocomposites based polypropylene/thermoplastic starch- reinforced with natural STIPA TENACISSIMA fibers and PP-g-MA","authors":"Amel Samia Chabira, C. Bouremel, A. Sakri, A. Boutarfaia","doi":"10.30544/858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30544/858","url":null,"abstract":"The current work aims to develop environmentally friendly plastic materials by preparing a composite polypropylene/thermoplastic starch (PP/TPS) using a melt-compounding process. In order to improve the compatibility of the two naturally incompatible polymers, natural Stipa tenacissima fibers treated on their surfaces and polypropylene (PP) pellets grafted with Maleic Anhydride (MA) were added to the mixture (PP and TPS). The mixture was then prepared using the melt-mixing method in various concentrations. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)/Differential thermal analysis (DTA), and mechanical tensile tests were then used to characterize the various formulations. SEM images revealed that the addition of (PP-g-MA) and natural fibers resulted in good starch plasticization and higher thermoplastic starch dispersion in the polypropylene matrix. It was also discovered that increasing the TPS concentration over the PP concentration tends to reduce the mechanical tensile properties. However, the composite with 15% TPS had the best mechanical properties. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results revealed that the organic filler used acted as a reinforcing agent, increasing the thermal stability of the polypropylene/thermoplastic starch (PP/TPS) compound.","PeriodicalId":18466,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical and Materials Engineering","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78291894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper investigates the effect of boronizing treatment on the corrosion resistance of API X52 steel. Borides were grown on API X52 steel in a powder mixture containing 5% B4C as a boron source, 5% NaBF4 as an activator, and 90% SiC as diluents for 4 hours at 950 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the sample's boride layer contains only Fe2B phases. The corrosion behavior of borided and unborided specimens was investigated using the Tafel extrapolation method in 1M HCl and H2SO4 solutions. The results show that borided specimens have better corrosion resistance than unboronized specimens. The formation of layers of protective iron borides reduces the corrodability of the steel in the borided specimens. Boronizing increased the corrosion resistances of X52 steel in HCl and H2SO4 by 23 and 77-fold, respectively.
{"title":"Comparative study on electrochemical corrosion behavior of boronized X52 steel in 1 M HCl and H2SO4 solutions","authors":"Gougue Sliman, Zidelmel Sami, Rouibeh Abdelkader, Hossine Tassi","doi":"10.30544/829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30544/829","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the effect of boronizing treatment on the corrosion resistance of API X52 steel. Borides were grown on API X52 steel in a powder mixture containing 5% B4C as a boron source, 5% NaBF4 as an activator, and 90% SiC as diluents for 4 hours at 950 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the sample's boride layer contains only Fe2B phases. The corrosion behavior of borided and unborided specimens was investigated using the Tafel extrapolation method in 1M HCl and H2SO4 solutions. The results show that borided specimens have better corrosion resistance than unboronized specimens. The formation of layers of protective iron borides reduces the corrodability of the steel in the borided specimens. Boronizing increased the corrosion resistances of X52 steel in HCl and H2SO4 by 23 and 77-fold, respectively.","PeriodicalId":18466,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical and Materials Engineering","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80632251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current study reports on wear properties of aluminum 6061-T6 reinforced with titanium carbide and graphite hybrid metal matrix composite using principal component analysis based grey relational analysis. Experiments were carried out using Taguchi's L9 orthogonal array. The dry sliding wear properties of composite samples are evaluated using a Pin-on-Disc apparatus. The effects of wear parameter input variables such as load, sliding speed, and sliding distance on different output responses, namely wear rate, friction force, and coefficient of friction, were investigated in this work. Using grey relational analysis in conjunction with principal component analysis, three output responses from each experiment were normalized into a weighted grey relational grade. According to the analysis of variance, the most influential parameter is sliding velocity (45.51%), followed by load (26.75%) and sliding distance (2.94%), all of which contribute to the quality characteristics. Additional experiments have confirmed optimal results. Finally, a scanning electron microscopic analysis was performed to investigate the wear mechanism.
{"title":"An investigation on dry sliding wear behavior of aluminum based metal matrix composites using grey relational analysis coupled with principle component analysis","authors":"M. P","doi":"10.30544/874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30544/874","url":null,"abstract":" The current study reports on wear properties of aluminum 6061-T6 reinforced with titanium carbide and graphite hybrid metal matrix composite using principal component analysis based grey relational analysis. Experiments were carried out using Taguchi's L9 orthogonal array. The dry sliding wear properties of composite samples are evaluated using a Pin-on-Disc apparatus. The effects of wear parameter input variables such as load, sliding speed, and sliding distance on different output responses, namely wear rate, friction force, and coefficient of friction, were investigated in this work. Using grey relational analysis in conjunction with principal component analysis, three output responses from each experiment were normalized into a weighted grey relational grade. According to the analysis of variance, the most influential parameter is sliding velocity (45.51%), followed by load (26.75%) and sliding distance (2.94%), all of which contribute to the quality characteristics. Additional experiments have confirmed optimal results. Finally, a scanning electron microscopic analysis was performed to investigate the wear mechanism.","PeriodicalId":18466,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical and Materials Engineering","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88854996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Metal matrix composites (MMCs) play a crucial role in the aerospace, automotive and mineral processing industries. The properties of aluminum matrix composites (AMC) that are renowned for their high strength, good stiffness and excellent thermal conductivity can be enhanced by incorporating various reinforcements. In this investigation, Al7075 alloy with TiC (3, 6, and 9 wt.%) reinforcements was processed via stir casting. Optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were utilized to study the microstructural changes. The chemical composition and phases were analyzed using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) respectively. Evaluations were conducted on properties such as hardness, tensile strength, corrosion and wear behavior. On increasing the wt.% of TiC from 3 to 9 wt.%, it was observed that the hardness increased by 11%, the tensile strength increased by 200%, and the wear rate decreased by 50%. The composite containing 9 wt.% TiC had the lowest corrosion resistance.
{"title":"Investigation on corrosion and wear properties of Al-7075/TiC composites fabricated by stir casting route","authors":"Manoj Velishala, Mahesh Pandiripalli, Vanitha Chilamban","doi":"10.30544/816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30544/816","url":null,"abstract":"Metal matrix composites (MMCs) play a crucial role in the aerospace, automotive and mineral processing industries. The properties of aluminum matrix composites (AMC) that are renowned for their high strength, good stiffness and excellent thermal conductivity can be enhanced by incorporating various reinforcements. In this investigation, Al7075 alloy with TiC (3, 6, and 9 wt.%) reinforcements was processed via stir casting. Optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were utilized to study the microstructural changes. The chemical composition and phases were analyzed using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) respectively. Evaluations were conducted on properties such as hardness, tensile strength, corrosion and wear behavior. On increasing the wt.% of TiC from 3 to 9 wt.%, it was observed that the hardness increased by 11%, the tensile strength increased by 200%, and the wear rate decreased by 50%. The composite containing 9 wt.% TiC had the lowest corrosion resistance.","PeriodicalId":18466,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical and Materials Engineering","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74507231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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