Pub Date : 2024-03-22DOI: 10.1134/s0026261723602919
M. A. Kharitonova, F. G. Kupriyanova-Ashina, T. R. Shakirov, M. S. Vafina, O. N. Ilinskaya
Abstract
Halophilic and halotolerant microorganisms have a high biotechnological potential. They are producers of biologically active substances, stress-protective agents, hydrolytic enzymes, and are used for environmental bioremediation. At the same time, the characterization of novel halotolerant bacteria and determination of their salt tolerance strategies are important basic problems. The present work reports the isolation of a new strain, MX2, from the salt well brine of the Yakshinskoe potassium−magnesium salt deposit. The isolate was an aerobic, gram-positive, nonmotile bacterium that did not form spores. The cell morphology varied from cocci to short rods capable of producing V-shaped forms. The colonies on agar were circular, with an entire edge and raised center, glistening and orange. Bacteria of strain MX2 were halotolerant microorganisms capable of growing at NaCl concentrations up to 9%. The genome of strain MX2 was sequenced. Its estimated size was 3 747 717 bp, and the number of protein-coding genes was 3562. Strain MX2 was identified as belonging to the species Dietzia maris based on analysis of the 16S rRNA, gyrB, rpoB, recA, and ppk gene sequences and using time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). D. maris MX2 had complete metabolic pathways for the synthesis of ectoine, hydroxyectoine, and trehalose, as well as the transport systems for ectoine, hydroxyectoine, trehalose, glycerol, glycerol-3-phosphate, L-proline, and glycine-betaine. Thus, to ensure the osmotic balance, D. maris MX2 used the strategy of accumulating compatible organic solutes.
{"title":"Isolation, Identification, and Survival Strategy of the Halotolerant Strain Dietzia maris MX2 from the Yakshinskoe Mineral Salts Deposit","authors":"M. A. Kharitonova, F. G. Kupriyanova-Ashina, T. R. Shakirov, M. S. Vafina, O. N. Ilinskaya","doi":"10.1134/s0026261723602919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0026261723602919","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Halophilic and halotolerant microorganisms have a high biotechnological potential. They are producers of biologically active substances, stress-protective agents, hydrolytic enzymes, and are used for environmental bioremediation. At the same time, the characterization of novel halotolerant bacteria and determination of their salt tolerance strategies are important basic problems. The present work reports the isolation of a new strain, MX2, from the salt well brine of the Yakshinskoe potassium−magnesium salt deposit. The isolate was an aerobic, gram-positive, nonmotile bacterium that did not form spores. The cell morphology varied from cocci to short rods capable of producing V-shaped forms. The colonies on agar were circular, with an entire edge and raised center, glistening and orange. Bacteria of strain MX2 were halotolerant microorganisms capable of growing at NaCl concentrations up to 9%. The genome of strain MX2 was sequenced. Its estimated size was 3 747 717 bp, and the number of protein-coding genes was 3562. Strain MX2 was identified as belonging to the species <i>Dietzia maris</i> based on analysis of the 16S rRNA, <i>gyr</i>B, <i>rpo</i>B, <i>rec</i>A, and <i>ppk</i> gene sequences and using time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). <i>D. maris</i> MX2 had complete metabolic pathways for the synthesis of ectoine, hydroxyectoine, and trehalose, as well as the transport systems for ectoine, hydroxyectoine, trehalose, glycerol, glycerol-3-phosphate, L-proline, and glycine-betaine. Thus, to ensure the osmotic balance, <i>D. maris</i> MX2 used the strategy of accumulating compatible organic solutes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18514,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140203359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-22DOI: 10.1134/s002626172360324x
A. Yu. Fadeev, L. A. Gavirova, M. L. Georgieva, V. V. Kozlovsky, U. V. Simakova, A. I. Shestakov, E. N. Bubnova
Abstract
The effect of hydrocarbon pollution on the fungal communities of littoral sediments of the cold-water White and Barents seas was investigated. The samples were collected at locations with different levels of pollution with oil products, from ports to relatively undisturbed areas. Using the diesel fuel-containing medium resulted in detection of hydrocarbon-degrading fungi in almost all studied samples, although in all cases they were less diverse than sugar-degrading fungi. In this relatively small group, Penicilliumchrysogenum and Penicilliumbrevicompactum were the most common organisms. Fungal communities isolated on a sugar-containing medium exhibited higher diversity and abundance, with being the most common sugar degraders. The major factors affecting the structure of the fungal communities were the percentage of hydrocarbons in the total mass of organic carbon in the samples in the case of hydrocarbon-degrading fungi and location, for sugar degraders. In the experiment, the highest hydrocarbon-degrading activity was shown for Penicilliumchrysogenum (the loss of residual hydrocarbons was 77.4%), Cadophorafastigiata (72%), and Tolypocladiuminflatum (67.2%).
{"title":"Effect of Hydrocarbon Pollution on the Fungal Communities of the Littoral Sediments of the White and Barents Seas","authors":"A. Yu. Fadeev, L. A. Gavirova, M. L. Georgieva, V. V. Kozlovsky, U. V. Simakova, A. I. Shestakov, E. N. Bubnova","doi":"10.1134/s002626172360324x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s002626172360324x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The effect of hydrocarbon pollution on the fungal communities of littoral sediments of the cold-water White and Barents seas was investigated. The samples were collected at locations with different levels of pollution with oil products, from ports to relatively undisturbed areas. Using the diesel fuel-containing medium resulted in detection of hydrocarbon-degrading fungi in almost all studied samples, although in all cases they were less diverse than sugar-degrading fungi. In this relatively small group, <i>Penicillium</i> <i>chrysogenum</i> and <i>Penicillium</i> <i>brevicompactum</i> were the most common organisms. Fungal communities isolated on a sugar-containing medium exhibited higher diversity and abundance, with being the most common sugar degraders. The major factors affecting the structure of the fungal communities were the percentage of hydrocarbons in the total mass of organic carbon in the samples in the case of hydrocarbon-degrading fungi and location, for sugar degraders. In the experiment, the highest hydrocarbon-degrading activity was shown for <i>Penicillium</i> <i>chrysogenum</i> (the loss of residual hydrocarbons was 77.4%), <i>Cadophora</i> <i>fastigiata</i> (72%), and <i>Tolypocladium</i> <i>inflatum</i> (67.2%).</p>","PeriodicalId":18514,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140203440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-22DOI: 10.1134/s0026261723603007
E. M. Tul’skaya, D. Kim, N. V. Potekhina, A. S. Shashkov, S. N. Senchenkova, L. V. Dorofeeva, L. I. Evtushenko
Abstract
Two types of cell wall glycopolymers of different structure were found in the type strains of two species of phytopathogenic bacteria, Clavibacter insidiosus VKM Ac-1402T and Clavibacter nebraskensis VKM Ac-1404T (family Microbacteriaceae, class Actinomycetes). The first type was represented by new, previously undescribed (1→6)-linked β-D-galactofuranans, which in the studied strains differed in the structure of side oligosaccharide chains (the structures are given in the text). The structure of the second glycopolymer, a pyruvate-containing galactomannan, was identical in both strains. The results obtained in this work, together with those published previously, indicate that the presence of the pyruvate-containing galactomannan and galactofuranans (with an identical core structure and different side oligosaccharide substituents) can be considered as a chemotaxonomic trait of the genus Clavibacter, and galactofuranans with di-, tri-, or tetrasaccharide substituents of different composition and structures can serve as chemotaxonomic markers of the species. The data obtained expand our understanding of the structural diversity of natural glycopolymers and structural features of the bacterial cell walls in various taxa and may be of interest for taxonomic studies and the studies aimed at elucidating the molecular mechanisms of interaction between bacteria and plant cells.
{"title":"Cell Wall Galactofuranans and Galactomannan as Chemotaxonomic Characteristics of the Clavibacter Genus and its Species","authors":"E. M. Tul’skaya, D. Kim, N. V. Potekhina, A. S. Shashkov, S. N. Senchenkova, L. V. Dorofeeva, L. I. Evtushenko","doi":"10.1134/s0026261723603007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0026261723603007","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">\u0000<b>Abstract</b>\u0000</h3><p>Two types of cell wall glycopolymers of different structure were found in the type strains of two species of phytopathogenic bacteria, <i>Clavibacter insidiosus</i> VKM Ac-1402<sup>T</sup> and <i>Clavibacter nebraskensis</i> VKM Ac-1404<sup>T</sup> (family <i>Microbacteriaceae</i>, class <i>Actinomycetes</i>). The first type was represented by new, previously undescribed (1→6)-linked β-D-galactofuranans, which in the studied strains differed in the structure of side oligosaccharide chains (the structures are given in the text). The structure of the second glycopolymer, a pyruvate-containing galactomannan, was identical in both strains. The results obtained in this work, together with those published previously, indicate that the presence of the pyruvate-containing galactomannan and galactofuranans (with an identical core structure and different side oligosaccharide substituents) can be considered as a chemotaxonomic trait of the genus <i>Clavibacter</i>, and galactofuranans with di-, tri-, or tetrasaccharide substituents of different composition and structures can serve as chemotaxonomic markers of the species. The data obtained expand our understanding of the structural diversity of natural glycopolymers and structural features of the bacterial cell walls in various taxa and may be of interest for taxonomic studies and the studies aimed at elucidating the molecular mechanisms of interaction between bacteria and plant cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":18514,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140203441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-22DOI: 10.1134/s0026261723603287
T. D. Velikova, E. A. Popikhina, E. S. Trepova, S. S. Khazova
Abstract
The structure of micromycete communities in the library aerial environment was investigated in 57 Russian cities located in seven federal districts (Northwestern, Central, Southern, Volga, Ural, Siberian, and Far Eastern). A total of 107 micromycete species belonging to 41 genera were isolated and identified. Due to mostly similar conditions, the aerial ecosystem of internal spaces of the library storage facilities was relatively stable, with moderate diversity and high evenness, as was confirmed by the relevant indices: the Shannon index varied from 2.7 to 3.4, the McIntosh diversity index, from 22.7 to 140.8, and the Menhinick index, from 2.1 to 3.0. The Simpson’s dominance index and the Berger–Parker index did not exceed 0.11 and 0.24, respectively. The McIntosh and Pielou’s evenness indices were 0.71–0.78 and 0.79–0.85, respectively. High similarity of the taxonomic structures, independent of climatic conditions of the studied regions, was revealed, as was confirmed by the values of the Stugren–Radulescu and Morisita–Horn coefficients: 0.08‒0.77 and 0.04‒0.47, respectively. The typical members of the studied mycobiota were Aspergillus versicolor (7.5‒14.3), Cladosporium cladosporioides (17.5‒40.5), C. herbarum (0.8‒53.6), and Penicillium aurantiogriseum (6.5‒32.4). Most other species were scarce, with frequencies of occurrence not exceeding 7.1%.
{"title":"Ecological Diversity of Micromycetes in Aerial Environments of Russian Libraries","authors":"T. D. Velikova, E. A. Popikhina, E. S. Trepova, S. S. Khazova","doi":"10.1134/s0026261723603287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0026261723603287","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The structure of micromycete communities in the library aerial environment was investigated in 57 Russian cities located in seven federal districts (Northwestern, Central, Southern, Volga, Ural, Siberian, and Far Eastern). A total of 107 micromycete species belonging to 41 genera were isolated and identified. Due to mostly similar conditions, the aerial ecosystem of internal spaces of the library storage facilities was relatively stable, with moderate diversity and high evenness, as was confirmed by the relevant indices: the Shannon index varied from 2.7 to 3.4, the McIntosh diversity index, from 22.7 to 140.8, and the Menhinick index, from 2.1 to 3.0. The Simpson’s dominance index and the Berger–Parker index did not exceed 0.11 and 0.24, respectively. The McIntosh and Pielou’s evenness indices were 0.71–0.78 and 0.79–0.85, respectively. High similarity of the taxonomic structures, independent of climatic conditions of the studied regions, was revealed, as was confirmed by the values of the Stugren–Radulescu and Morisita–Horn coefficients: 0.08‒0.77 and 0.04‒0.47, respectively. The typical members of the studied mycobiota were <i>Aspergillus versicolor</i> (7.5‒14.3), <i>Cladosporium cladosporioides</i> (17.5‒40.5), <i>C. herbarum</i> (0.8‒53.6), and <i>Penicillium aurantiogriseum</i> (6.5‒32.4). Most other species were scarce, with frequencies of occurrence not exceeding 7.1%.</p>","PeriodicalId":18514,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140203373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-22DOI: 10.1134/s0026261723603111
A. M. Dukat, A. M. Kuznetsova, S. D. Klyagin, V. O. Trushin, A. A. Klyukina, A. G. El’cheninov, I. V. Danilova
Abstract
Chitin is one of the most widespread biopolymers on Earth and occurs in high quantities in the exoskeletons of marine invertebrates. Chitinolytic bacteria are therefore typical components of marine ecosystems and play an important part in biodegradation. The Kandalaksha Bay area near the White Sea Biological Station, Moscow State University, which is inhabited by numerous invertebrates, is a promising site for the isolation of such bacteria. The composition of environmental prokaryotic communities and enrichment cultures grown on chitin was determined, and pure cultures of active chitinolytics were isolated and identified as Pseudoalteromonas undina and Vibrio alginolyticus. The chitinolytic potential of the genera predominant in enrichment cultures was assessed; these may include previously unknown chitinolytic microorganisms.
{"title":"Chitin Degradation by Microbial Communities of the Kandalaksha Bay, White Sea","authors":"A. M. Dukat, A. M. Kuznetsova, S. D. Klyagin, V. O. Trushin, A. A. Klyukina, A. G. El’cheninov, I. V. Danilova","doi":"10.1134/s0026261723603111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0026261723603111","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Chitin is one of the most widespread biopolymers on Earth and occurs in high quantities in the exoskeletons of marine invertebrates. Chitinolytic bacteria are therefore typical components of marine ecosystems and play an important part in biodegradation. The Kandalaksha Bay area near the White Sea Biological Station, Moscow State University, which is inhabited by numerous invertebrates, is a promising site for the isolation of such bacteria. The composition of environmental prokaryotic communities and enrichment cultures grown on chitin was determined, and pure cultures of active chitinolytics were isolated and identified as <i>Pseudoalteromonas undina</i> and <i>Vibrio alginolyticus.</i> The chitinolytic potential of the genera predominant in enrichment cultures was assessed; these may include previously unknown chitinolytic microorganisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":18514,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140203242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-22DOI: 10.1134/s0026261723603299
A. A. Tomashevski, T. V. Kulakovskaya
Abstract
One of the functions of inorganic polyphosphates (polyP) as compounds with phosphoester bonds is participation in energy metabolism. While yeast mitochondria contain their own pool of polyphosphates, the ways in which these polymers are involved in the functioning of mitochondria in these microorganisms are not well understood. The goal of the present work was to identify the effect of knockout mutations of the VTC4 gene of polyphosphate synthetase and the PPN1 gene of one of the polyphosphatases on the content of polyphosphates and polyphosphatase activity in mitochondria of S. cerevisiae and on the growth characteristics of the mutant strains on ethanol. Knockout of the VTC4 gene was shown to result in a significant decrease in the polyP content in the mitochondria. Knockout of the PPN1 gene led to the disappearance of polyphosphatase activity, but only to a slight increase in the content of mitochondrial polyphosphates during growth on glucose. When grown on ethanol, the polyP content in the mitochondria of this strain was similar to that of the parental strain, and in both strains it was approximately two times less than when grown on glucose. Both mutants were able to grow with ethanol as the carbon source; however, they exhibited a longer lag phase upon transition from glucose consumption to ethanol consumption. It was suggested that mitochondrial polyphosphates may represent the energy reserve of these organelles, which is necessary for the formation of full-fledged mitochondria during transition from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation.
{"title":"Effect of Knockout of the PPN1 Polyphosphatase and VTC4 Polyphosphate Synthetase Genes on Saccharomyces cerevisiae Growth on Ethanol and Its Mitochondrial Polyphosphates","authors":"A. A. Tomashevski, T. V. Kulakovskaya","doi":"10.1134/s0026261723603299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0026261723603299","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>One of the functions of inorganic polyphosphates (polyP) as compounds with phosphoester bonds is participation in energy metabolism. While yeast mitochondria contain their own pool of polyphosphates, the ways in which these polymers are involved in the functioning of mitochondria in these microorganisms are not well understood. The goal of the present work was to identify the effect of knockout mutations of the <i>VTC4</i> gene of polyphosphate synthetase and the <i>PPN1</i> gene of one of the polyphosphatases on the content of polyphosphates and polyphosphatase activity in mitochondria of <i>S. cerevisiae</i> and on the growth characteristics of the mutant strains on ethanol. Knockout of the <i>VTC4</i> gene was shown to result in a significant decrease in the polyP content in the mitochondria. Knockout of the <i>PPN1</i> gene led to the disappearance of polyphosphatase activity, but only to a slight increase in the content of mitochondrial polyphosphates during growth on glucose. When grown on ethanol, the polyP content in the mitochondria of this strain was similar to that of the parental strain, and in both strains it was approximately two times less than when grown on glucose. Both mutants were able to grow with ethanol as the carbon source; however, they exhibited a longer lag phase upon transition from glucose consumption to ethanol consumption. It was suggested that mitochondrial polyphosphates may represent the energy reserve of these organelles, which is necessary for the formation of full-fledged mitochondria during transition from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18514,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140203358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-22DOI: 10.1134/s0026261723603123
M. A. Kupryashina, E. G. Ponomareva, T. E. Pylaev
Abstract
A significant part of research in environmentally friendly agroindustrial production is aimed at immobilized bacterial preparations with retained capacity for active growth without loss of metabolic activity both during immobilization and after long-term storage and biotechnological use. In the present work, immobilization of members of the genus Azospirillum on natural and synthetic carriers was investigated. Efficiency of immobilization of the cells of A. brasilense strain SR80 in alginate hydrogel and vermiculite was investigated. Proliferative and metabolic activities of immobilized preparations were investigated. The prospects of using vermiculite and calcium alginate as matrices for Azospirillum immobilization are shown.
{"title":"Immobilization of Azospirillum Bacteria on Various Carriers","authors":"M. A. Kupryashina, E. G. Ponomareva, T. E. Pylaev","doi":"10.1134/s0026261723603123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0026261723603123","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>A significant part of research in environmentally friendly agroindustrial production is aimed at immobilized bacterial preparations with retained capacity for active growth without loss of metabolic activity both during immobilization and after long-term storage and biotechnological use. In the present work, immobilization of members of the genus <i>Azospirillum</i> on natural and synthetic carriers was investigated. Efficiency of immobilization of the cells of <i>A. brasilense</i> strain SR80 in alginate hydrogel and vermiculite was investigated. Proliferative and metabolic activities of immobilized preparations were investigated. The prospects of using vermiculite and calcium alginate as matrices for <i>Azospirillum</i> immobilization are shown.</p>","PeriodicalId":18514,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140203383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-22DOI: 10.1134/s0026261723601525
M. M. Housseiny, E. M. Fawzy, M. A. Abu-Tahon, W. E. Abdallah, O. M. El-Mahdy
Abstract
Developing a green effective approach and a suitable applicative process for increasing the efficiency of microbial nanomaterial synthesis is an emerging prospect for future industrial production. This was accomplished by employing exopolysaccharides (EPS) to obtain potent silver nanoparticles using Penicillium citrinum (EPS−AgNPs) as a reducing and stabilizing agent. EPS−AgNPs were analyzed by UV–Vis spectrophotometry, which showed a peak of absorbance at 420 nm. TEM was used to determine the morphology of the EPS−AgNPs and showed that the particles were 14.4 nm in size, well dispersed, and spherical. The stabilization of (EPS−AgNPs) was caused by amides and amines groups, which were confirmed via Fourier transform infrared. Moreover, the EPS−AgNPs showed excellent antibacterial activities against various human pathogenic bacterial strains in comparison to the potent antibiotics. Additionally, EPS−AgNPs were examined for their anticancer properties. Furthermore, EPS−AgNPs had a significant impact on the ochratoxin production. Finally, our findings confirm the benefits of adopting a bio green technique for the synthesis of antibacterial and detoxifying nanoparticles, which are predicted to provide new pathways for various cancers and infectious microbial diseases treatment.
{"title":"Green Approach: Characterization, Antibacterial, Antitumor and Detoxification Potentials of Exopolysaccharides-Mediated Silver Nanoparticles Produced by Penicillium citrinum AUMC 11627","authors":"M. M. Housseiny, E. M. Fawzy, M. A. Abu-Tahon, W. E. Abdallah, O. M. El-Mahdy","doi":"10.1134/s0026261723601525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0026261723601525","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Developing a green effective approach and a suitable applicative process for increasing the efficiency of microbial nanomaterial synthesis is an emerging prospect for future industrial production. This was accomplished by employing exopolysaccharides (EPS) to obtain potent silver nanoparticles using <i>Penicillium citrinum</i> (EPS−AgNPs) as a reducing and stabilizing agent. EPS−AgNPs were analyzed by UV–Vis spectrophotometry, which showed a peak of absorbance at 420 nm. TEM was used to determine the morphology of the EPS−AgNPs and showed that the particles were 14.4 nm in size, well dispersed, and spherical. The stabilization of (EPS−AgNPs) was caused by amides and amines groups, which were confirmed via Fourier transform infrared. Moreover, the EPS−AgNPs showed excellent antibacterial activities against various human pathogenic bacterial strains in comparison to the potent antibiotics. Additionally, EPS−AgNPs were examined for their anticancer properties. Furthermore, EPS−AgNPs had a significant impact on the ochratoxin production. Finally, our findings confirm the benefits of adopting a bio green technique for the synthesis of antibacterial and detoxifying nanoparticles, which are predicted to provide new pathways for various cancers and infectious microbial diseases treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":18514,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140203371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.1134/s0026261723604001
A. A. Burlaka, E. S. Glagoleva, N. D. Kashko, D. A. Knorre
Abstract
We searched for genes whose deletion affects mitochondrial heteroplasmy in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In order to do this, we crossed a yeast knockout collection pool (rho+) with a rho– strain containing a large deletion in its mtDNA. The resulting mixture of cells was plated onto selective media that made it possible to distinguish between diploid cells that had lost and retained wild-type mtDNA as a result of such crossing. From the resulting pools (initial one, cells that lose rho+ mtDNA, and those that retained it), we isolated DNA and determined the proportion of deletion strains using high-throughput sequencing. This made it possible to identify functional groups of genes that reduce the ability of yeast cells to maintain rho+ mtDNA in a state of heteroplasmy with rho– mtDNA.
{"title":"Genetic Screening using High-Throughput Barcode Sequencing of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Knockout Collection: Search for Regulators of mtDNA Intracellular Selection","authors":"A. A. Burlaka, E. S. Glagoleva, N. D. Kashko, D. A. Knorre","doi":"10.1134/s0026261723604001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0026261723604001","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>We searched for genes whose deletion affects mitochondrial heteroplasmy in the yeast <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>. In order to do this, we crossed a yeast knockout collection pool (<i>rho</i><sup><i>+</i></sup>) with a <i>rho</i><sup><i>–</i></sup> strain containing a large deletion in its mtDNA. The resulting mixture of cells was plated onto selective media that made it possible to distinguish between diploid cells that had lost and retained wild-type mtDNA as a result of such crossing. From the resulting pools (initial one, cells that lose <i>rho</i><sup><i>+</i></sup> mtDNA, and those that retained it), we isolated DNA and determined the proportion of deletion strains using high-throughput sequencing. This made it possible to identify functional groups of genes that reduce the ability of yeast cells to maintain <i>rho</i><sup><i>+</i></sup> mtDNA in a state of heteroplasmy with <i>rho</i><sup><i>–</i></sup> mtDNA.</p>","PeriodicalId":18514,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139761273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.1134/s0026261723603603
I. I. Rusanov, V. V. Kadnikov, A. P. Lukina, E. V. Danilova, L. O. Sokolyanskaya, N. V. Ravin, O. V. Karnachuk
Abstract—
Preliminary microbiological investigation of the Barguzin Valley terrestrial hydrotherms did not elucidate the composition of the community of sulfate-reducing prokaryotes (SRP) responsible for high sulfide concentrations in the Kuchiger and Umkhei springs. Measurement of sulfate reduction rate (SRR) with labeled sulfate in the samples collected together with those for determination of community composition by 16S rRNA gene profiling revealed that, while not numerous, the SRP consisting of Desulfobacterota and Thermodesulfovibrio was responsible for a highly active process. SRR in the sediments of the Umkhei and Kuchiger springs was up to 12.7 ± 0.2 and 2.05 ± 0.08 mg S dm–3 day–1, respectively.
{"title":"Low-Abundance Sulfidogenic Bacteria Carry out Intensive Sulfate Reduction in Terrestrial Hydrotherms of the Barguzin Valley","authors":"I. I. Rusanov, V. V. Kadnikov, A. P. Lukina, E. V. Danilova, L. O. Sokolyanskaya, N. V. Ravin, O. V. Karnachuk","doi":"10.1134/s0026261723603603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0026261723603603","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">\u0000<b>Abstract</b>—</h3><p>Preliminary microbiological investigation of the Barguzin Valley terrestrial hydrotherms did not elucidate the composition of the community of sulfate-reducing prokaryotes (SRP) responsible for high sulfide concentrations in the Kuchiger and Umkhei springs. Measurement of sulfate reduction rate (SRR) with labeled sulfate in the samples collected together with those for determination of community composition by 16S rRNA gene profiling revealed that, while not numerous, the SRP consisting of <i>Desulfobacterota</i> and <i>Thermodesulfovibrio</i> was responsible for a highly active process. SRR in the sediments of the Umkhei and Kuchiger springs was up to 12.7 ± 0.2 and 2.05 ± 0.08 mg S dm<sup>–3</sup> day<sup>–1</sup>, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":18514,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139761346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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