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Neuroprotective effect of helium after neonatal hypoxic ischemia: a narrative review. 新生儿缺氧缺血后氦的神经保护作用:叙述性回顾。
IF 2.9 Q2 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.314332
Ru-Ming Deng, Hai-Ying Li, Xiang Li, Hai-Tao Shen, De-Gang Wu, Zhong Wang, Gang Chen

Neonatal hypoxic ischemia is one of the leading causes of permanent morbidity and mortality in newborns, which is caused by difficulty in supplying blood and oxygen to brain tissue and is often associated with epilepsy, cerebral palsy, death, short-term or long-term neurological and cognitive impairment. In recent years, the clinical therapeutic effects of noble gases have been gradually discovered and recognized. Numerous studies have shown that noble gases have unique neuroprotective effects to restore damaged nerve and relieve symptoms in patients. Although research on the neuroprotective mechanisms of xenon and argon has yielded a lot of results, studies on helium have stalled. Helium is a colorless, odorless, monoatomic inert gas. The helium has no hemodynamic or neurocognitive side effects and can be used as an ideal pre-adaptor for future clinical applications. In recent years, studies have shown that heliox (a mixture of helium and oxygen) pretreatment can protect the heart, brain, liver and intestine from damage in several animal models, where a variety of signaling pathways have been proved to be involved. There are numerous studies on it even though the mechanism of helium for protecting newborns has not been fully elucidated. It is urgent to find an effective treatment due to the high death rate and disability rate of neonatal hypoxic ischemia. It is believed that helium will be approved safely and effectively for clinical use in the near future.

新生儿缺氧缺血是新生儿永久性发病和死亡的主要原因之一,这是由于脑组织供血和供氧困难造成的,通常与癫痫、脑瘫、死亡、短期或长期神经和认知障碍有关。近年来,惰性气体的临床治疗作用逐渐被发现和认识。大量研究表明,惰性气体具有独特的神经保护作用,可以恢复受损的神经,缓解患者的症状。尽管对氙和氩的神经保护机制的研究已经取得了很多成果,但对氦的研究却停滞不前。氦是一种无色无味的单原子惰性气体。氦气没有血液动力学或神经认知方面的副作用,可以作为未来临床应用的理想预适应剂。近年来,研究表明,heliox(氦气和氧气的混合物)预处理可以在几种动物模型中保护心脏、大脑、肝脏和肠道免受损伤,其中已证明涉及多种信号通路。尽管氦保护新生儿的机制尚未完全阐明,但关于它的研究很多。新生儿缺氧缺血死亡率和致残率高,迫切需要寻找有效的治疗方法。相信在不久的将来,氦将被安全有效地批准用于临床。
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引用次数: 6
Efficacy of xenon anesthesia in preventing postoperative cognitive dysfunction after cardiac and major non-cardiac surgeries in elderly patients: a topical review. 氙气麻醉预防老年患者心脏和重大非心脏手术后认知功能障碍的疗效:局部综述。
IF 2.9 Q2 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.314330
Abhijit S Nair, Asiel Christopher, Sai Kaushik Pulipaka, Praneeth Suvvari, Praveen Kumar Kodisharapu, Basanth Kumar Rayani

Elderly patients undergoing major cardiac and non-cardiac surgeries have a high propensity (up to 40-60%) of developing postoperative cognitive dysfunction, which are caused by patient's factors, type of surgery, intraoperative and postoperative factors. All these pose a challenge to the clinicians. The noble gas xenon does not undergo metabolism or any kind of biotransformation in the body owing to its inert nature. Xenon confers excellent hemodynamic stability and provides excellent recovery at the end of surgery. This topical review discusses advantages of xenon anesthesia in elderly patients undergoing major cardiac and non-cardiac surgeries and whether it is worth using a costly anesthetic in elderly patients for preventing postoperative cognitive dysfunction.

老年心脏及非心脏大手术患者术后认知功能障碍发生率高(可达40-60%),这与患者自身因素、手术类型、术中及术后因素有关。这些都对临床医生提出了挑战。惰性气体氙由于其惰性性质,在体内不进行新陈代谢或任何形式的生物转化。氙气具有良好的血流动力学稳定性,并在手术结束时提供良好的恢复。这篇专题综述讨论了氙气麻醉在接受重大心脏和非心脏手术的老年患者中的优势,以及是否值得在老年患者中使用昂贵的麻醉剂来预防术后认知功能障碍。
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引用次数: 7
Comparison of vital capacity rapid inhalation and tidal ventilation induction with sevoflurane in adults: a prospective cohort study. 七氟醚对成人肺活量快速吸入和潮汐通气诱导的比较:一项前瞻性队列研究。
IF 2.9 Q2 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.314328
Renjith Viswanath, Raghavan Pulickal, Joe John Chirayath, Kesavan Mullapilly

Vital capacity rapid inhalation induction (VCRII) results in faster achievement of desired minimum alveolar concentration while reducing the incidence of excitatory phenomenon compared to conventional incremental technique. This study aimed to determine whether the VCRII can achieve faster induction of anesthesia in adults compared to the traditional tidal ventilation (TV) technique. Following the approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee, Amala Institute of Medical Sciences, with an approval No. AIMSIEC/07/2017, on July 1, 2017, 51 adults belonging to American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-II, undergoing elective surgery at a tertiary care teaching hospital were prospectively assigned to two groups: 25 in VCRII (38.3 ± 13.3 years old, 20 (80%) females) and 26 in TV inhalation induction (35.2 ± 11.9 years old, 17 (65%) females) using 8% sevoflurane in 66% nitrous oxide. The induction time, such as time (in seconds) to the cessation of voluntary finger tapping, time to loss of eyelash reflex, time to return of regular breathing, the return of conjugate gaze, was measured. The primary outcome was time to induction as defined by time to loss of eyelash reflex. Hemodynamic effects of both methods were compared at baseline and 1, 3, 5, 10, 15-minute intervals from induction. Induction was significantly faster in the VCRII group compared with the TV group in all the measured parameters. Hemodynamic parameters were comparable in both the groups. VCRII resulted in a faster induction time compared to the TV technique in adults.

肺活量快速吸入诱导(VCRII)与传统的增量技术相比,可以更快地达到所需的最小肺泡浓度,同时减少兴奋现象的发生。本研究旨在确定与传统的潮汐通气(TV)技术相比,VCRII是否能更快地诱导成人麻醉。经阿马拉医学科学研究所机构伦理委员会批准,批准号:AIMSIEC/07/2017, 2017年7月1日,属于美国麻醉医师学会身体状况I-II的51名成年人在三级护理教学医院接受择期手术,前瞻性分为两组:VCRII组25名(38.3±13.3岁,20名(80%)女性),电视吸入诱导组26名(35.2±11.9岁,17名(65%)女性),使用8%七氟醚和66%氧化亚氮。测量诱导时间,如停止随意敲击手指的时间(以秒为单位)、睫毛反射丧失的时间、恢复正常呼吸的时间、恢复共轭凝视的时间。主要观察指标为诱导时间,定义为睫毛反射消失的时间。比较两种方法在基线和诱导后1、3、5、10、15分钟的血流动力学效果。在所有测量参数中,VCRII组的诱导速度明显快于TV组。两组的血流动力学参数具有可比性。与成人电视技术相比,VCRII诱导时间更快。
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引用次数: 0
Protective effects of hydrogen gas inhalation on radiation-induced bone marrow damage in cancer patients: a retrospective observational study. 吸入氢气对癌症患者放射性骨髓损伤的保护作用:一项回顾性观察研究。
IF 2.9 Q2 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.314329
Shin-Ichi Hirano, Yukimasa Aoki, Xiao-Kang Li, Naotsugu Ichimaru, Shiro Takahara, Yoshiyasu Takefuji

Although intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) has been developed as an alternative to conventional radiotherapy, reducing bone marrow damage is limited. Thus, a novel technology is needed to further mitigate IMRT-induced bone marrow damage. Molecular hydrogen (H2) was recently reported as a preventive and therapeutic antioxidant that selectively scavenges hydroxyl radical (·OH) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-). This observational study aimed to examine whether H2 gas treatment improves IMRT-induced bone marrow damage in cancer patients. The study was performed at Clinic C4 in Tokyo, Japan between May 2015 and November 2016. During this period, all enrolled patients received IMRT once per day for 1 to 4 weeks. After each time of IMRT, the patients of control group (n = 7, 3 men and 4 women, age range: 26-70 years) received mild hyperbaric oxygen therapy in health care chamber for 30 minutes, and the patients of H2 group (n = 16, 8 men and 8 women, age range: 35-82 years) received 5% H2 gas in health care chamber for 30 minutes once per day. Radiation-induced bone marrow damage was evaluated by hematological examination of peripheral blood obtained before and after IMRT, and the data were expressed by the ratio after to before treatment. The total number of radiation times and total exposure doses of radiation were similar between the control and H2 groups. IMRT with health care chamber therapy significantly reduced white blood cells and platelets, but not red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit. In contrast, H2 gas treatment significantly alleviates the reducing effects of white blood cells and platelets (P = 0.0011 and P = 0.0275, respectively). Tumor responses to IMRT were similar between the two groups. The results obtained demonstrated that H2 gas inhalation therapy alleviated IMRT-induced bone marrow damage without compromising the anti-tumor effects of IMRT. The present study suggests that this novel approach of H2 gas inhalation therapy may be applicable to IMRT-induced bone marrow damage in cancer patients. The study protocol was approved by an Ethics Committee Review of Tokyo Clinic and Research Institute ICVS Incorporated (Tokyo, Japan) on February 1, 2019, and was registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN ID: UMIN000035864) on February 20, 2019.

虽然调强放射治疗(IMRT)已经发展成为传统放射治疗的替代方案,但减少骨髓损伤是有限的。因此,需要一种新的技术来进一步减轻imrt诱导的骨髓损伤。分子氢(H2)最近被报道为一种预防和治疗抗氧化剂,可选择性清除羟基自由基(·OH)和过氧亚硝酸盐(ONOO-)。这项观察性研究旨在研究氢气治疗是否能改善imrt诱导的癌症患者骨髓损伤。该研究于2015年5月至2016年11月在日本东京的C4诊所进行。在此期间,所有入组患者每天接受一次IMRT治疗,持续1至4周。每次IMRT后,对照组患者(n = 7,男3,女4,年龄26-70岁)在保健室接受轻度高压氧治疗30分钟;H2组患者(n = 16,男8,女8,年龄35-82岁)在保健室接受5% H2气体治疗30分钟,每天1次。通过IMRT前后外周血血液学检查评估放射诱导的骨髓损伤,数据用治疗后与治疗前的比值表示。对照组和H2组的总辐照次数和总辐照剂量相似。与保健室治疗相结合的IMRT显着降低了白细胞和血小板,但没有红细胞,血红蛋白和红细胞压积。相比之下,H2气体处理显著缓解了白细胞和血小板的降低作用(P = 0.0011和P = 0.0275)。两组间肿瘤对IMRT的反应相似。结果表明,H2气体吸入治疗减轻了IMRT诱导的骨髓损伤,但不影响IMRT的抗肿瘤作用。本研究提示,这种新的H2气体吸入治疗方法可能适用于imrt诱导的癌症患者骨髓损伤。该研究方案于2019年2月1日获得东京诊所和研究所ICVS Incorporated (Tokyo, Japan)伦理委员会审查批准,并于2019年2月20日在大学医院医疗信息网络(UMIN)临床试验登记处(UMIN ID: UMIN000035864)注册。
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引用次数: 9
A review on the neuroprotective effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy. 高压氧治疗神经保护作用的研究进展。
IF 2.9 Q2 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.311498
Fahimeh Ahmadi, Ali Reza Khalatbary

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy, intermittent breathing of 100% oxygen at a pressure upper than sea level, has been shown to be some of the neuroprotective effects and used therapeutically in a wide range of neurological disorders. This review summarizes current knowledge about the neuroprotective effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy with their molecular mechanisms in different models of neurological disorders.

高压氧疗法,在高于海平面的压力下间歇性呼吸100%氧气,已被证明具有一些神经保护作用,并广泛用于治疗各种神经系统疾病。本文综述了目前关于高压氧治疗在不同神经疾病模型中的神经保护作用及其分子机制的知识。
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引用次数: 11
The role of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in inflammatory bowel disease: a narrative review. 高压氧治疗在炎症性肠病中的作用:一个叙述性的回顾。
IF 2.9 Q2 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.311497
Xin Wu, Tian-Yu Liang, Zhong Wang, Gang Chen

Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic recurrent diseases in the digestive tract, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Over the past few decades, the treatment of IBD has made great progress but there is still a lot of room for improvement. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) was defined as the therapeutic effect of inhaling 100% oxygen higher than one atmosphere and reported to be used in stroke, decompression sickness and wound healing. Since several authors reported the role of HBOT as an adjunct to conventional medical treatment in patients with refractory IBD, the relevant research has shown an increasing trend in recent years. Clinical and experimental studies have revealed that HBOT may exert its therapeutic effect by inhibiting inflammation and strengthening the antioxidant system, promoting the differentiation of colonic stem cells and recruiting cells involved in repair. The purpose of this review is to summarize the past clinical and experimental studies and to understand the impact of HBOT in the treatment of IBD more deeply. In addition, we also hope to provide some ideas for future clinical and research work.

炎症性肠病是一组消化道慢性复发性疾病,包括溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病。在过去的几十年里,IBD的治疗取得了很大的进展,但仍有很大的改进空间。高压氧治疗(HBOT)被定义为吸入高于一个大气压的100%氧气的治疗效果,据报道用于中风,减压病和伤口愈合。自多位作者报道HBOT在难治性IBD患者中辅助常规药物治疗的作用后,近年来相关研究呈增加趋势。临床和实验研究表明,HBOT可能通过抑制炎症和增强抗氧化系统,促进结肠干细胞分化和招募参与修复的细胞来发挥其治疗作用。本文综述的目的是总结以往的临床和实验研究,更深入地了解HBOT在IBD治疗中的作用。此外,我们也希望为今后的临床和研究工作提供一些思路。
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引用次数: 4
Recent advances in the protective role of hydrogen sulfide in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury: a narrative review. 硫化氢对心肌缺血/再灌注损伤保护作用的研究进展
IF 2.9 Q2 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.311499
Meng-Ling Zhang, Wei Peng, Jian-Qiang Ni, Gang Chen

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is recognized to be a novel mediator after carbon monoxide and nitric oxide in the organism. It can be produced in various mammalian tissues and exert many physiological effects in many systems including the cardiovascular system. A great amount of recent studies have demonstrated that endogenous H2S and exogenous H2S-releasing compounds (such as NaHS, Na2S, and GYY4137) provide protection in many cardiovascular diseases, such as ischemia/reperfusion injury, heart failure, cardiac hypertrophy, and atherosclerosis. In recent years, many mechanisms have been proposed and verified the protective role exhibited by H2S against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, and this review is to demonstrate the protective role of exogenous and endogenous H2S on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.

硫化氢(H2S)被认为是继一氧化碳和一氧化氮之后生物体内的一种新的介质。它可以在各种哺乳动物组织中产生,并在包括心血管系统在内的许多系统中发挥许多生理作用。近年来大量研究表明,内源性H2S和外源性H2S释放化合物(如NaHS、Na2S、GYY4137)对许多心血管疾病,如缺血/再灌注损伤、心力衰竭、心脏肥厚、动脉粥样硬化等均有保护作用。近年来,许多机制被提出并验证了H2S对心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用,本文综述了外源性和内源性H2S对心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。
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引用次数: 17
Sevoflurane versus halothane for induction of anesthesia in pediatric and adult patients. 七氟醚与氟烷在儿童和成人患者诱导麻醉中的作用。
IF 2.9 Q2 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.311489
Gouri Kangralkar, Parbati Baburao Jamale

Induction of anesthesia using an inhalation agent remains a fundamental technique due to its rapid induction and emergence. Sevoflurane is preferred over halothane for its faster induction of anesthesia and lesser complications. Studies on sevoflurane in pediatrics have established it as safe and effective. However, its effectiveness in adults is very limited. Hence, this study was conducted to compare the induction and intubating conditions, hemodynamic profiles, and emergence from anesthesia with sevoflurane and halothane in adults and pediatric patients. This randomized clinical study was carried out for a period of 2 years (November 2006-September 2008) in the Anesthesiology Department of a Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed to be) University. Eighty patients of American Society of Anesthesiologists Class I and II were randomly assigned to halothane group and sevoflurane group with 40 patients in each group. Patients were induced and intubated with increasing concentrations of halothane from 0.5% to 5% and sevoflurane 1% to 7% in 50% nitrous oxide and 50% oxygen mixture. Recordings of vitals including induction and intubation time, recovery characteristics, and recovery and discharge time was also recorded. There was a statistically significant difference between sevoflurane and halothane in the induction and intubation time indicating that sevoflurane had faster induction and shorter intubation time compared to that of halothane. Patients in halothane group had more incidence of coughing, intolerance, salivation, breathe holding, rigidity, and movement as compared to sevoflurane group. The mean time to consciousness, response to verbal commands, orientation, and recovery room discharge time was significantly shorter in sevoflurane group as compared to halothane group. Sevoflurane can be a suitable alternative to halothane for induction of anesthesia in patients with a shorter induction and intubation time with better hemodynamic stability. This study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee (KIMSDU/IEC-307/028/14/11/2006).

使用吸入剂诱导麻醉由于其快速诱导和出现,仍然是一项基本技术。七氟醚优于氟烷,因为其诱导麻醉更快,并发症更少。七氟醚在儿科的研究已经证实其安全有效。然而,它对成人的有效性非常有限。因此,本研究旨在比较成人和儿童患者在七氟醚和氟烷麻醉下的诱导和插管条件、血流动力学特征和苏醒情况。这项随机临床研究是在克里希纳医学科学研究所(被认为是)大学麻醉科进行的,为期2年(2006年11月- 2008年9月)。80例美国麻醉师学会I、II类患者随机分为氟烷组和七氟烷组,每组40例。在50%氧化亚氮和50%氧气的混合物中,将氟烷浓度从0.5%增加到5%,七氟烷浓度从1%增加到7%,诱导和插管患者。记录生命体征,包括诱导和插管时间、恢复特征、恢复和出院时间。七氟醚与氟烷在诱导和插管时间上差异有统计学意义,说明七氟醚比氟烷诱导更快,插管时间更短。与七氟醚组相比,氟烷组患者咳嗽、不耐受、流涎、屏气、僵硬和运动的发生率更高。七氟醚组患者平均意识恢复时间、言语指令反应时间、定向时间、康复室出院时间均明显短于氟烷组。七氟醚可替代氟烷用于麻醉诱导,诱导时间短,插管时间短,血流动力学稳定性好。本研究已获得机构伦理委员会(KIMSDU/IEC-307/028/14/11/2006)批准。
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引用次数: 3
Tuberculosis incidence in area with sulfur dioxide pollution: an observation. 二氧化硫污染地区肺结核发病率观察。
IF 2.9 Q2 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.311490
Sora Yasri, Viroj Wiwanitkit

Tuberculosis is an important public health problem that needs good control. The interrelationship between air pollution and incidence of tuberculosis is interesting. In the present report, the authors report the observation on tuberculosis incidence in area with sulfur dioxide pollution. The retrospective analysis on public available on incidence of tuberculosis and ambient air sulfur dioxide level in Thailand is done. There is no significant relationship between air sulfur dioxide level and corresponding incidence of tuberculosis (r = -0.224, P = 0.535). In conclusion, there is a lack of association between air sulfur dioxide level and corresponding incidence of tuberculosis in our setting.

结核病是一个需要良好控制的重要公共卫生问题。空气污染和肺结核发病率之间的相互关系很有趣。本文报道了二氧化硫污染地区肺结核发病率的观察情况。对泰国结核病发病率和环境空气二氧化硫水平的公开资料进行了回顾性分析。空气中二氧化硫水平与相应的肺结核发病率无显著相关(r = -0.224, P = 0.535)。总之,在我们的环境中,空气二氧化硫水平与相应的结核病发病率之间缺乏关联。
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引用次数: 1
Electrolytic hydrogen-generating bottle supplies drinking water with free/combined chlorine and ozone repressed within safety standard under hydrogen-rich conditions. 电解制氢瓶是在富氢条件下,提供被安全标准抑制的游离氯/化合氯和臭氧的饮用水。
IF 2.9 Q2 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.311496
Toshihisa Hatae, Nobuhiko Miwa

Hydrogen molecules have attracted attention as a new antioxidant, but are left to be confirmedly verified whether the oral administration is highly safe or not, concurrently with retention of abundant hydrogen. When electrolysis was performed for 10 minutes using a direct-current electrolytic hydrogen-water generating bottle with tap water, "residual free chlorine" concurrently upon the production of molecular hydrogen (444 μg/L) could be appreciably decreased from 0.18 mg/L to 0.12 mg/L as quantified by a N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine-dye colorimetric method. Moreover, the total chlorine concentration (residual bound chlorine plus free chlorine) was estimated to be decreased from 0.17 mg/L to 0.11 mg/L. Although a merit of electrolytic hydrogen-generating bottles exists in electrolysis for periods as short as 10 minutes, the 30-minute electrolysis brought about the more abundant hydrogen (479 μg/L) together with an oxidation-reduction potential of -245 mV; even upon this long-term electrolysis, the gross amounts of chlorine, hypochlorous acid and chloramine were shown not to be increased (0.09-0.10 mg/L from 0.11 mg/L for tap water) as detected by orthotolidine colorimetry. Above-mentioned levels of diverse-type chlorines might fulfill the World Health Organization guideline for drinking water below 5 mg/L. In addition, the dissolved ozone upon electrolytic generation of hydrogen-water was below the detection limit (< 0.05 mg/L) or undetectable, which fulfilled the official safety standards in Japan and the USA for drinking water below 0.1 mg/L, as evaluated by three methods such as an electrode-type ozone checker, indigo dye-utilizing ozone detector capillaries and potassium iodide-based colorimetry. Importantly, even when half the amount of tap water was poured into the tank of the apparatus and electrolyzed, both the residual chlorine and ozone concentrations measured were also below the safety standard. Thus, major potently harmful substances, such as residual free/bound chlorine, or hypochlorous-acid/chloramine, respectively, and dissolved ozone, as the drinking hydrogen-water was direct-current-electrolytically generated, were estimated to be repressed within safety concentration ranges with achievements of abundant hydrogen generation.

氢分子作为一种新型抗氧化剂受到了人们的关注,但口服给药是否高度安全,同时是否能保留大量的氢还有待证实。用自来水用直流电解制氢瓶电解10分钟,用N,N-二乙基-对苯二胺染料比色法测定,产氢过程中同时产生的“剩余游离氯”(444 μg/L)从0.18 mg/L明显降低到0.12 mg/L。此外,估计总氯浓度(残余结合氯和游离氯)从0.17 mg/L降至0.11 mg/L。虽然电解产氢瓶的优点存在于电解时间短至10分钟的情况下,但30分钟的电解可产生更丰富的氢(479 μg/L),氧化还原电位为-245 mV;即使经过长期电解,氯、次氯酸和氯胺的总量也没有增加(自来水的0.11毫克/升为0.09-0.10毫克/升)。上述各类氯的含量可能符合世界卫生组织饮用水5毫克/升以下的标准。通过电极式臭氧检测仪、靛蓝染料毛细管臭氧检测仪、碘化钾比色法等3种方法评价,电解制氢水溶解臭氧均低于检测限(< 0.05 mg/L)或检测不到,达到日本、美国饮用水0.1 mg/L以下的官方安全标准。重要的是,即使将一半的自来水倒入设备的水箱并进行电解,所测得的余氯和臭氧浓度也低于安全标准。因此,由于饮用氢水是直流电解生成的,估计主要的潜在有害物质,如剩余游离氯/结合氯,次氯酸/氯胺,以及溶解臭氧,都被抑制在安全浓度范围内,实现了丰富的产氢。
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引用次数: 1
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Medical Gas Research
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