Pub Date : 2022-12-16DOI: 10.5564/jis.v45i114.2466
B. Ookhnoi
After World War II there were around 12,000 Japanese personnel in the Mongolia interned to work in labor camps as POWs, which were sent from the Soviet Union. Of them, it is estimated that around 1500 died in captivity.But at this time, from October 1945 to February 1948, Mr. Tasran Bavudorj, who worked as the head of the Department of CorrectionalCamps and Prisons of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the first secretary of the Party Committee of the Ministry, wrote his memoirsin 1989-90, and given to me. In his memoirs, he wrote down some very interesting facts about some of the complicated issues of Mongolian history in the 1930s, such as the 1932 “Rebellion of the Monks”, about Marshal Demid, and Marshal Choibalsang’s order to reveal himself and about Japanese POWs in Mongolia.As noted in the memoirs of T.Bavudorj, when the captured Japanese soldiers returned to their homeland, Major Ishii, the head of the Japanese POWs camp, taking white bag, where he “cut off the thumbs of the dead soldiers and wrote down their names, surnames, ages, and regions.”We assessed the memoirs of the T.Bavudorj, described a new findings of the Mongolian history in 1930-40s, and suggested to implement new source for the research of Mongolian history. Т.Бавуудорж: Олзлогдсон япон цэргүүдийн хумсны толион дээр ханзаар бичсэн нэр хаягийн тухай Хураангуй: Энэ жил Монгол Улс Япон Улсын хооронд дипломат харилцаа тогтоосны 50 жилийн ой тохиож буй билээ. Дэлхийнхоёрдугаар дайны дараа Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улсад олзлогдсон япон цэргүүдээс тодорхой тооны цэргүүдийг Монгол Улсад өгч, ажиллуулж байсан тухай бид мэдэх юм. Харин энэ үед буюу 1945 оны 10 дугаар сараас 1948 оны 2 дугаар сар хүртэл Дотоод явдлын яамны Засан хүмүүжүүлэх үйлдвэрийн лагериуд ба Хорих ангиудыг удирдах газрын даргаар, мөн тус яамны Намын хорооны нэгдүгээр нарийн бичгийн даргаар ажиллаж байсан Тасрангийн Бавуудорж гуай 1989-90 оны үед дурдатгалаа өөрийн гараар бичиж, над өгсөн юм. Тэрбээр дурдатгалдаа 1930-аад оны Монголын түүхийн ээдрээ бүхий зарим асуудлаар, тухайлбал 1932 оны “лам нарын бослогын” талаар, Өрлөг Жанжин Дэмидийн тухай, Маршал Чойбалсангийн өөрийгөө илчлэх тушаалын талаар онц сонирхолтой зүйлс бичиж тэмдэглэсэн байдаг. Үүний зэрэгцээ Олзлогдсон япон цэргүүд нутаг буцах болоход Японыолзлогдсон цэргийн Ерөөгийн лагерийн дарга хошууч Иший “тэнд үхсэн цэргүүдийнхээ эрхий хурууг огтлон аваад овог, нэр, нас, нутгийг тэмдэглэн бичиж” авч явсан тухай сонирхолтой зүйлс тэмдэглэснийг энд өгүүлэх болно. Харин 1945 оны 12 дугаар сарын 12-нд Сайд нарын Зөвлөлийн дэргэд байгуулагдсан Олзлогдсон цэргийн хэрэг эрхлэх ерөнхий газрын даргаар нь Бадамжавын Сосорбарам ажиллаж байсан байдаг билээ. 1947 оны 11 дүгээр сарын 4-нд Сайд нарын Зөвлөлийн дэргэдэх Олзлогдсон цэргийн хэрэг эрхлэх газрыг өргөтгөн БНМАУ-ын Сайд нарын Зөвлөлийн дэргэдэх Барилгын хэргийг эрхлэх ерөнхий газар болгон байгуулсан байдаг. Энэхүү дурдатгалын эзэн Т.Бавуудорж бол 1948 оны 2 дугаар сараас 1956 оны 9 дүгээр сар хүртэл БНМАУ-ын Аж Үй
{"title":"T.Bavuudorj: About the names written in kanji on the nail plates of Japanese captivated soldiers","authors":"B. Ookhnoi","doi":"10.5564/jis.v45i114.2466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5564/jis.v45i114.2466","url":null,"abstract":"After World War II there were around 12,000 Japanese personnel in the Mongolia interned to work in labor camps as POWs, which were sent from the Soviet Union. Of them, it is estimated that around 1500 died in captivity.But at this time, from October 1945 to February 1948, Mr. Tasran Bavudorj, who worked as the head of the Department of CorrectionalCamps and Prisons of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the first secretary of the Party Committee of the Ministry, wrote his memoirsin 1989-90, and given to me. In his memoirs, he wrote down some very interesting facts about some of the complicated issues of Mongolian history in the 1930s, such as the 1932 “Rebellion of the Monks”, about Marshal Demid, and Marshal Choibalsang’s order to reveal himself and about Japanese POWs in Mongolia.As noted in the memoirs of T.Bavudorj, when the captured Japanese soldiers returned to their homeland, Major Ishii, the head of the Japanese POWs camp, taking white bag, where he “cut off the thumbs of the dead soldiers and wrote down their names, surnames, ages, and regions.”We assessed the memoirs of the T.Bavudorj, described a new findings of the Mongolian history in 1930-40s, and suggested to implement new source for the research of Mongolian history. \u0000Т.Бавуудорж: Олзлогдсон япон цэргүүдийн хумсны толион дээр ханзаар бичсэн нэр хаягийн тухай \u0000Хураангуй: Энэ жил Монгол Улс Япон Улсын хооронд дипломат харилцаа тогтоосны 50 жилийн ой тохиож буй билээ. Дэлхийнхоёрдугаар дайны дараа Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улсад олзлогдсон япон цэргүүдээс тодорхой тооны цэргүүдийг Монгол Улсад өгч, ажиллуулж байсан тухай бид мэдэх юм. Харин энэ үед буюу 1945 оны 10 дугаар сараас 1948 оны 2 дугаар сар хүртэл Дотоод явдлын яамны Засан хүмүүжүүлэх үйлдвэрийн лагериуд ба Хорих ангиудыг удирдах газрын даргаар, мөн тус яамны Намын хорооны нэгдүгээр нарийн бичгийн даргаар ажиллаж байсан Тасрангийн Бавуудорж гуай 1989-90 оны үед дурдатгалаа өөрийн гараар бичиж, над өгсөн юм. Тэрбээр дурдатгалдаа 1930-аад оны Монголын түүхийн ээдрээ бүхий зарим асуудлаар, тухайлбал 1932 оны “лам нарын бослогын” талаар, Өрлөг Жанжин Дэмидийн тухай, Маршал Чойбалсангийн өөрийгөө илчлэх тушаалын талаар онц сонирхолтой зүйлс бичиж тэмдэглэсэн байдаг. Үүний зэрэгцээ Олзлогдсон япон цэргүүд нутаг буцах болоход Японыолзлогдсон цэргийн Ерөөгийн лагерийн дарга хошууч Иший “тэнд үхсэн цэргүүдийнхээ эрхий хурууг огтлон аваад овог, нэр, нас, нутгийг тэмдэглэн бичиж” авч явсан тухай сонирхолтой зүйлс тэмдэглэснийг энд өгүүлэх болно. Харин 1945 оны 12 дугаар сарын 12-нд Сайд нарын Зөвлөлийн дэргэд байгуулагдсан Олзлогдсон цэргийн хэрэг эрхлэх ерөнхий газрын даргаар нь Бадамжавын Сосорбарам ажиллаж байсан байдаг билээ. 1947 оны 11 дүгээр сарын 4-нд Сайд нарын Зөвлөлийн дэргэдэх Олзлогдсон цэргийн хэрэг эрхлэх газрыг өргөтгөн БНМАУ-ын Сайд нарын Зөвлөлийн дэргэдэх Барилгын хэргийг эрхлэх ерөнхий газар болгон байгуулсан байдаг. Энэхүү дурдатгалын эзэн Т.Бавуудорж бол 1948 оны 2 дугаар сараас 1956 оны 9 дүгээр сар хүртэл БНМАУ-ын Аж Үй","PeriodicalId":18593,"journal":{"name":"Millennium - Journal of International Studies","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82289648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-16DOI: 10.5564/jis.v45i114.2463
Ulambayar Denzenlkham
This article talked about the position of academic researchers of the both neighbour regarding Mongolia’s «Third Neighbor» policy. Mongolia’s foreign policy analysis in south neighbour underway at the Academy of Social Sciences under the State Council of China, Global Times, the central daily newspaper of the CPC in chinese and english languages, School of International Studies, Beijing People’s University, Beijing Foreign Studies University. It should be emphasized that the Institute of Russian and Mongolian Studies of the Academy of Social Sciences, Inner Mongolia, the Department of Mongolian Studies of the Inner Mongolia University, the Inner Mongolian University of Education, and the Institute of Near Neighbour Studies of the Shanghai East China Normal University are concentrated. Regarding Russia, it is mainly focused on the Institute of Oriental Studies, the Institute of Far Eastern Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, the Moscow State University, the Diplomatic Academy, MFA, the Russian International Affairs Council, St. Petersburg State University, Irkutsk State University, and Ulan-Udе University, ect.,China’s researchers has a tendency in “advise” and some times “educate” to Mongolia on the importance of developing cooperation with its “real neighbour”. For Example, Mongolia’s geopolitical position shows that it should cooperate smartly with China and Russia.The researchers of Russia wrote that Mongolia’s “Third Neighbour” policy is utopian, and it is observed that the principle is “stuck” in its principles. Recently, the deepening of the geopolitical conflict between the two neighbour and the “third neighbour” is a matter of concern, and the criticism of the neighbouring countries is expected to transation from the level of Track 1 to the level of Track 1.5.Finally, The New paradigms of Mongolia’s foreign policy has priority to vital national interests, openness, peaceful, multi-pillars, multi-dimensional, non-Aligned, independently, priority to democratic values and pragmatism. It should be emphasized that it is not a policy directed against the two neighbors, but only peacetime geopolitics. Монгол Улсын «Гуравдагч хөрш»-ийн бодлого: Хоёр хөршийн судлаачдын дүн шинжилгээ Хураангуй: Монгол Улсын «гуравдагч хөрш»-ийн бодлогын тухайд хоёр хөршийн судлаачид ямар байр суурь, хандлагатай байна гэдэг анхаарал татсан нэн чухаг асуудал мөн. Өмнөд, Умард хөршүүд албан ёсны түвшинд дурдсан асуудалд тааламжгүй эсвэл бүр сөрөг байр суурь албан ёсоор илэрхийлж байгаагүй ч, олон улсын харилцаа, геополитик, стратеги судлаачид олон нийтийн хэвлэл, мэдээллийн хэрэгслүүд үзэл бодол, байр сууриа чөлөөтэй илэрхийлж ирсэн байна.
{"title":"Mongolia’s «Third neighbour» policy: An analysis of its two neighbourhood researchers","authors":"Ulambayar Denzenlkham","doi":"10.5564/jis.v45i114.2463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5564/jis.v45i114.2463","url":null,"abstract":"This article talked about the position of academic researchers of the both neighbour regarding Mongolia’s «Third Neighbor» policy. Mongolia’s foreign policy analysis in south neighbour underway at the Academy of Social Sciences under the State Council of China, Global Times, the central daily newspaper of the CPC in chinese and english languages, School of International Studies, Beijing People’s University, Beijing Foreign Studies University. It should be emphasized that the Institute of Russian and Mongolian Studies of the Academy of Social Sciences, Inner Mongolia, the Department of Mongolian Studies of the Inner Mongolia University, the Inner Mongolian University of Education, and the Institute of Near Neighbour Studies of the Shanghai East China Normal University are concentrated. Regarding Russia, it is mainly focused on the Institute of Oriental Studies, the Institute of Far Eastern Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, the Moscow State University, the Diplomatic Academy, MFA, the Russian International Affairs Council, St. Petersburg State University, Irkutsk State University, and Ulan-Udе University, ect.,China’s researchers has a tendency in “advise” and some times “educate” to Mongolia on the importance of developing cooperation with its “real neighbour”. For Example, Mongolia’s geopolitical position shows that it should cooperate smartly with China and Russia.The researchers of Russia wrote that Mongolia’s “Third Neighbour” policy is utopian, and it is observed that the principle is “stuck” in its principles. Recently, the deepening of the geopolitical conflict between the two neighbour and the “third neighbour” is a matter of concern, and the criticism of the neighbouring countries is expected to transation from the level of Track 1 to the level of Track 1.5.Finally, The New paradigms of Mongolia’s foreign policy has priority to vital national interests, openness, peaceful, multi-pillars, multi-dimensional, non-Aligned, independently, priority to democratic values and pragmatism. It should be emphasized that it is not a policy directed against the two neighbors, but only peacetime geopolitics.\u0000Монгол Улсын «Гуравдагч хөрш»-ийн бодлого: Хоёр хөршийн судлаачдын дүн шинжилгээ\u0000Хураангуй: Монгол Улсын «гуравдагч хөрш»-ийн бодлогын тухайд хоёр хөршийн судлаачид ямар байр суурь, хандлагатай байна гэдэг анхаарал татсан нэн чухаг асуудал мөн. Өмнөд, Умард хөршүүд албан ёсны түвшинд дурдсан асуудалд тааламжгүй эсвэл бүр сөрөг байр суурь албан ёсоор илэрхийлж байгаагүй ч, олон улсын харилцаа, геополитик, стратеги судлаачид олон нийтийн хэвлэл, мэдээллийн хэрэгслүүд үзэл бодол, байр сууриа чөлөөтэй илэрхийлж ирсэн байна.","PeriodicalId":18593,"journal":{"name":"Millennium - Journal of International Studies","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85017042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.14254/2071-8330.2022/15-4/8
O. Melnychenko, T. Osadcha, A. Kovalyov, V. Matskul
An accurate forecast of interstate trade volume allows for short-term and long-term planning, particularly deciding on state budget revenues, foreign exchange earnings, border arrangement, other infrastructure, migration and social policies. Hostilities are destructive so the russian military aggression against Ukraine in 2022 needs to be assessed in terms of its effects on key economic aspects of Polish-Ukrainian relations, as Poland has been the main economic, trade and social partner of Ukraine in recent years. This article analyses the trade dynamics between the two countries since 2005. It was found that since 2015 the main trends of this dynamics have changed. Monthly data from 2015 to 2021 were used for modelling and forecasting. Relevant SARIMA and Holt-Winters exponential smoothing models were built. These models forecast the volume of trade for the fourth quarter of 2021 and the first quarter of 2022. The relative errors of forecasting (compared to actual data) for October, November and December 2021 were as follows: according to the SARIMA model – 0.8%, 3.6% and 2.3%, respectively; for the Holt-Winters model – 1.9%, 3.6% and 0.7%, respectively. Given the expectations and consequences of russia’s military aggression against Ukraine, the average projected trade turnover between Ukraine and Poland was reduced by 20% per month for the first quarter of 2022. In comparison with the available actual (preliminary) data for January 2022, such a pessimistic forecast gave the following relative forecasting errors: according to the SARIMA model – 3.8%; according to the Holt-Winters model – approx. 1%.
{"title":"Consequences of russia’s military invasion of Ukraine for Polish-Ukrainian trade relations","authors":"O. Melnychenko, T. Osadcha, A. Kovalyov, V. Matskul","doi":"10.14254/2071-8330.2022/15-4/8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2022/15-4/8","url":null,"abstract":"An accurate forecast of interstate trade volume allows for short-term and long-term planning, particularly deciding on state budget revenues, foreign exchange earnings, border arrangement, other infrastructure, migration and social policies. Hostilities are destructive so the russian military aggression against Ukraine in 2022 needs to be assessed in terms of its effects on key economic aspects of Polish-Ukrainian relations, as Poland has been the main economic, trade and social partner of Ukraine in recent years. This article analyses the trade dynamics between the two countries since 2005. It was found that since 2015 the main trends of this dynamics have changed. Monthly data from 2015 to 2021 were used for modelling and forecasting. Relevant SARIMA and Holt-Winters exponential smoothing models were built. These models forecast the volume of trade for the fourth quarter of 2021 and the first quarter of 2022. The relative errors of forecasting (compared to actual data) for October, November and December 2021 were as follows: according to the SARIMA model – 0.8%, 3.6% and 2.3%, respectively; for the Holt-Winters model – 1.9%, 3.6% and 0.7%, respectively. Given the expectations and consequences of russia’s military aggression against Ukraine, the average projected trade turnover between Ukraine and Poland was reduced by 20% per month for the first quarter of 2022. In comparison with the available actual (preliminary) data for January 2022, such a pessimistic forecast gave the following relative forecasting errors: according to the SARIMA model – 3.8%; according to the Holt-Winters model – approx. 1%.","PeriodicalId":18593,"journal":{"name":"Millennium - Journal of International Studies","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86364553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.14254/2071-8330.2022/15-4/2
D. Mukayev, U. Shalbolova, Justyna Tanas
Housing affordability is an acute socio-economic problem in many countries, and Kazakhstan is no exception. The purpose of the article is to assess the affordability of purchasing houses in the regions of Kazakhstan, taking into account dynamic changes in household income and expenditures. The analysis used data from 17 regions of Kazakhstan for 2021, which were collected from the Bureau of National Statistics, Statistical Bulletin of the National Bank, and analytical web portal. Based on the data, three indicators – down payment affordability (DPA), monthly repayment affordability (MRA), and dynamic indicator TAM, which is the time to achieve adequate MRA – were calculated. Then the Housing Affordability Quadrant was built. The results of the analysis showed that all regions of Kazakhstan are located in the third quadrant. This means that households in these regions have difficulty making both down and monthly payments. Full housing affordability in any part of the country is not observed. Then the affordability of housing under the preferential mortgage lending program was assessed, and as a result, housing affordability improved only slightly. The authors concluded that the lower the solvency of monthly payments, the less effective the effect of increasing affordability by lowering the interest rate on mortgage loans. Instead, it is recommended to take state control of prices in the real estate market in each region of Kazakhstan.
{"title":"Housing affordability analysis in Kazakhstan based on D-HAQ model","authors":"D. Mukayev, U. Shalbolova, Justyna Tanas","doi":"10.14254/2071-8330.2022/15-4/2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2022/15-4/2","url":null,"abstract":"Housing affordability is an acute socio-economic problem in many countries, and Kazakhstan is no exception. The purpose of the article is to assess the affordability of purchasing houses in the regions of Kazakhstan, taking into account dynamic changes in household income and expenditures. The analysis used data from 17 regions of Kazakhstan for 2021, which were collected from the Bureau of National Statistics, Statistical Bulletin of the National Bank, and analytical web portal. Based on the data, three indicators – down payment affordability (DPA), monthly repayment affordability (MRA), and dynamic indicator TAM, which is the time to achieve adequate MRA – were calculated. Then the Housing Affordability Quadrant was built. The results of the analysis showed that all regions of Kazakhstan are located in the third quadrant. This means that households in these regions have difficulty making both down and monthly payments. Full housing affordability in any part of the country is not observed. Then the affordability of housing under the preferential mortgage lending program was assessed, and as a result, housing affordability improved only slightly. The authors concluded that the lower the solvency of monthly payments, the less effective the effect of increasing affordability by lowering the interest rate on mortgage loans. Instead, it is recommended to take state control of prices in the real estate market in each region of Kazakhstan.","PeriodicalId":18593,"journal":{"name":"Millennium - Journal of International Studies","volume":"174 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75740809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.14254/2071-8330.2022/15-4/6
Michaela Blahová, Parissa Haghirian, P. Palka, T. Urbánek
The purpose of this paper is to examine the correlation between the evaluation of performance strategies in leading automotive organisations located in Japan during four economically significant periods. Furthermore, the article aims to determine key performance factors that have had an influence on automotive organisations in the most recent and current period. The sample group includes 14 large and very large corporations. This paper draws on both theoretical and empirical research. A questionnaire was created as part of the research and was pre-tested in order to increase its internal validity. The actual survey was conducted through semi-structured interviews with managers at the top management level. To address the aim, non-parametric statistical methods have been used (Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman correlation), mainly due to the relatively small testing sample of companies and the Shapiro-Wilk test failing at the five percent level of significance. Additionally, exploratory data analysis methods have been applied. Despite the noticeable deviation in the period of economic recession, the results indicate an increase in the significance of the individual factors in the periods in question. Another interesting finding is the growing power of factors oriented at innovation and the future environment. This means that, for the companies, measuring these factors will be crucial henceforth.
{"title":"Global performance strategies in leading Japanese automotive organisations","authors":"Michaela Blahová, Parissa Haghirian, P. Palka, T. Urbánek","doi":"10.14254/2071-8330.2022/15-4/6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2022/15-4/6","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to examine the correlation between the evaluation of performance strategies in leading automotive organisations located in Japan during four economically significant periods. Furthermore, the article aims to determine key performance factors that have had an influence on automotive organisations in the most recent and current period. The sample group includes 14 large and very large corporations. This paper draws on both theoretical and empirical research. A questionnaire was created as part of the research and was pre-tested in order to increase its internal validity. The actual survey was conducted through semi-structured interviews with managers at the top management level. To address the aim, non-parametric statistical methods have been used (Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman correlation), mainly due to the relatively small testing sample of companies and the Shapiro-Wilk test failing at the five percent level of significance. Additionally, exploratory data analysis methods have been applied. Despite the noticeable deviation in the period of economic recession, the results indicate an increase in the significance of the individual factors in the periods in question. Another interesting finding is the growing power of factors oriented at innovation and the future environment. This means that, for the companies, measuring these factors will be crucial henceforth.","PeriodicalId":18593,"journal":{"name":"Millennium - Journal of International Studies","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85694809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.14254/2071-8330.2022/15-4/4
R. Ginevičius
Performance criteria of non-energy materials hold an important place in the system of indicators of the green growth strategy. Management of generated municipal waste and its effectiveness depend to a large extent on the ratio of the amount of incinerated, recycled or composted waste to the amount taken to landfills. This ratio is tied to the level of economic development of the country. The conducted research revealed several regularities in the management of generated municipal waste. As the country's economic conditions improve the amount of generated municipal waste increases while the share sent to landfills decreases, and vice versa ‒ less economically developed European Union countries are characterized by a lower amount of generated waste, but a larger amount of it sent to landfills. Multi-criteria methods were used in order to compare countries according to the efficiency of their municipal waste management system in an environmental context. Such assessment entails combining the components into one summarizing measure and taking into account the impact of these components on the environment at the same time. The ranking of the countries revealed that higher efficiency is found in the more economically developed countries of the European Union even though the amount of municipal waste generated in them is higher too. It also became apparent that as it grew, the efficiency gradually decreased.
{"title":"The efficiency of municipal waste management systems in the environmental context in the European Union","authors":"R. Ginevičius","doi":"10.14254/2071-8330.2022/15-4/4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2022/15-4/4","url":null,"abstract":"Performance criteria of non-energy materials hold an important place in the system of indicators of the green growth strategy. Management of generated municipal waste and its effectiveness depend to a large extent on the ratio of the amount of incinerated, recycled or composted waste to the amount taken to landfills. This ratio is tied to the level of economic development of the country. The conducted research revealed several regularities in the management of generated municipal waste. As the country's economic conditions improve the amount of generated municipal waste increases while the share sent to landfills decreases, and vice versa ‒ less economically developed European Union countries are characterized by a lower amount of generated waste, but a larger amount of it sent to landfills. Multi-criteria methods were used in order to compare countries according to the efficiency of their municipal waste management system in an environmental context. Such assessment entails combining the components into one summarizing measure and taking into account the impact of these components on the environment at the same time. The ranking of the countries revealed that higher efficiency is found in the more economically developed countries of the European Union even though the amount of municipal waste generated in them is higher too. It also became apparent that as it grew, the efficiency gradually decreased.","PeriodicalId":18593,"journal":{"name":"Millennium - Journal of International Studies","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86038159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.14254/2071-8330.2022/15-4/11
Magdalena Biel, B. Ślusarczyk
Efficient management at family businesses, like all other enterprises, requires the use of appropriate methods and tools. However, in many cases, the people managing these entities do not have any formal business education and often follow their intuition and act on experience gained over the years. The purpose of this article is to determine the extent to which select management methods and tools are used in Polish family businesses and to examine their impact on the effectiveness of achieving various objectives. A survey was conducted on a group of 182 managers of family businesses from Poland, who were asked about the effectiveness of achieving goals and the methods and tools used in management. The goals have been aggregated into three main groups: family goals, business goals, and a mix of family and business goals. Then, using statistical methods, the impact of the selected management methods and tools on the effectiveness of these three groups of objectives was examined. The conducted analysis has shown that family businesses in Poland make little use of professional management methods and tools and are rather limited to the intuitive use of the simplest methods, which they often cannot even professionally name. The research results indicate that the use of these methods only partially influences the effectiveness of achieving the set goals, and this impact can be observed in all three groups. In view of the above, the basic task of the broader family business environment is to improve the knowledge of professional management methods and tools among family business managers. From the scientific point of view, further research in this area is also necessary because little use of management methods and tools, especially those more professional, makes it difficult to broaden the study of the actual impact of these instruments on the effectiveness of achieving family business objectives
{"title":"Management methods and tools in family businesses: Impact on the effectiveness of achieving goals","authors":"Magdalena Biel, B. Ślusarczyk","doi":"10.14254/2071-8330.2022/15-4/11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2022/15-4/11","url":null,"abstract":"Efficient management at family businesses, like all other enterprises, requires the use of appropriate methods and tools. However, in many cases, the people managing these entities do not have any formal business education and often follow their intuition and act on experience gained over the years. The purpose of this article is to determine the extent to which select management methods and tools are used in Polish family businesses and to examine their impact on the effectiveness of achieving various objectives. A survey was conducted on a group of 182 managers of family businesses from Poland, who were asked about the effectiveness of achieving goals and the methods and tools used in management. The goals have been aggregated into three main groups: family goals, business goals, and a mix of family and business goals. Then, using statistical methods, the impact of the selected management methods and tools on the effectiveness of these three groups of objectives was examined. The conducted analysis has shown that family businesses in Poland make little use of professional management methods and tools and are rather limited to the intuitive use of the simplest methods, which they often cannot even professionally name. The research results indicate that the use of these methods only partially influences the effectiveness of achieving the set goals, and this impact can be observed in all three groups. In view of the above, the basic task of the broader family business environment is to improve the knowledge of professional management methods and tools among family business managers. From the scientific point of view, further research in this area is also necessary because little use of management methods and tools, especially those more professional, makes it difficult to broaden the study of the actual impact of these instruments on the effectiveness of achieving family business objectives","PeriodicalId":18593,"journal":{"name":"Millennium - Journal of International Studies","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83760564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To this end, mathematical and statistical methods are used to model the effect of tariffs, ex-ante and ex-post, after implementing this trade policy, on exports of aluminum and steel from Mexico to the United States, versus US imports of these metals from the ROW. The results show that the protectionist tariff policy had a structural effect on US imports; likewise, the tariff shock implemented by the United States in June 2018 adversely affected its imports of these goods, both in terms of volume and value. This suggests that bilateral trade may be affected, but the effect is differentiated. The United States may be achieving its objective of protecting its domestic industry or it may impact upwards on the domestic prices of these metals, which could influence the prices paid by the final consumer. For Mexico, trade may be diverted or its export capacity reduced, adversely affecting its trade balance of these metals.
{"title":"The effects of US import tariffs on steel and aluminum imports from Mexico","authors":"Osvaldo Urbano Becerril Torres, Gabriela Munguía Vázquez, Justyna Wieloch","doi":"10.14254/2071-8330.2022/15-4/10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2022/15-4/10","url":null,"abstract":"To this end, mathematical and statistical methods are used to model the effect of tariffs, ex-ante and ex-post, after implementing this trade policy, on exports of aluminum and steel from Mexico to the United States, versus US imports of these metals from the ROW. The results show that the protectionist tariff policy had a structural effect on US imports; likewise, the tariff shock implemented by the United States in June 2018 adversely affected its imports of these goods, both in terms of volume and value. This suggests that bilateral trade may be affected, but the effect is differentiated. The United States may be achieving its objective of protecting its domestic industry or it may impact upwards on the domestic prices of these metals, which could influence the prices paid by the final consumer. For Mexico, trade may be diverted or its export capacity reduced, adversely affecting its trade balance of these metals.","PeriodicalId":18593,"journal":{"name":"Millennium - Journal of International Studies","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78938153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.14254/2071-8330.2022/15-4/9
Sawidji Widoatmodjo, I. Setyawan
This research intends to test the relationship between disagreements on social media and stock trading volume using the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) as a research object. The Covid-19 pandemic has made the use massively of social media to invest in Indonesia’s capital market There has been an increasing number of investors in the IDX. They trade and discuss stocks online. The research question is whether the information on social media has worhted for Indonesian investors. Research on the relationship between social media features and stock market features, especially using trading volume, has never been done in Indonesia. To do this, we tested the influence that the number of posts and disagreements on Telegram social media has on stock trading volume in IDX. The test was done using multivariate regression method. The results show that discussions on social media have a positive and significant effect on stock trading volume, while disagreements do not significantly affect it.
{"title":"Disagreement on social media and stock trading volume: The Indonesian context","authors":"Sawidji Widoatmodjo, I. Setyawan","doi":"10.14254/2071-8330.2022/15-4/9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2022/15-4/9","url":null,"abstract":"This research intends to test the relationship between disagreements on social media and stock trading volume using the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) as a research object. The Covid-19 pandemic has made the use massively of social media to invest in Indonesia’s capital market There has been an increasing number of investors in the IDX. They trade and discuss stocks online. The research question is whether the information on social media has worhted for Indonesian investors. Research on the relationship between social media features and stock market features, especially using trading volume, has never been done in Indonesia. To do this, we tested the influence that the number of posts and disagreements on Telegram social media has on stock trading volume in IDX. The test was done using multivariate regression method. The results show that discussions on social media have a positive and significant effect on stock trading volume, while disagreements do not significantly affect it.","PeriodicalId":18593,"journal":{"name":"Millennium - Journal of International Studies","volume":"307 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77509382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.14254/2071-8330.2022/15-4/1
D. Štreimikienė, Asta Mikalauskiene, Ugnė Macijauskaitė – Daunaravičienė
The global climate crisis poses an existential threat to the natural ecosystem and the entire humanity, while new effects (Covid-19, war in Ukraine, etc.) and factors increase the risk to national security and public stability in the EU countries and beyond. The most important global challenge of our time has prompted the formation of climate change management policies around the world; international agreements have been concluded for this purpose. In 2015 the Paris Agreement was signed and the United Nations General Assembly approved the United Nations Agenda for Sustainable Development until 2030. The goal 13 "Take urgent action to combat climate change and its effects" and tasks for the implementation of this goal were established and approved by the EU legal acts. The European Green Deal was initiated to define the EU's vision of creating a climate-neutral economy by 2050. Those interested in climate change and the green course often raise the question of whether everything possible has been done to prevent (stop) or eliminate climate "erosion" processes. To climate change sceptics, these documents or efforts may seem excessive (and expensive), but it is important to determine whether the full-fledged, comprehensive or targeted communication is available in the EU, whether the dissemination of public information about the processes of the green deal is sufficient and what the management of this information entails. This is because information management is one of the most important components of the successful implementation of the Green Deal. The supreme audit institutions of the EU countries conducted assessment of EU countries in preparation for the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The assessment of the public's knowledge and understanding of the EU green deal was performed using a uniform, approved and generally accepted control model. The article aims to analyse the role of information management in implementation of the Green Deal in the EU and the US by distinguishing the 2020-2022 period of global COVID-19 pandemic based on a Lithuanian case study.
全球气候危机对自然生态系统和整个人类构成了生存威胁，而新的影响(新冠肺炎、乌克兰战争等)和因素增加了欧盟国家和其他国家的国家安全和公共稳定风险。我们这个时代最重要的全球性挑战促使世界各地形成了气候变化管理政策;为此目的已经缔结了国际协定。2015年，签署了《巴黎协定》，联合国大会批准了《联合国2030年可持续发展议程》。“采取紧急行动应对气候变化及其影响”的目标13和实施这一目标的任务是由欧盟法律文件确定并批准的。《欧洲绿色协议》(European Green Deal)旨在确定欧盟到2050年创建气候中性经济的愿景。那些对气候变化和绿色球场感兴趣的人经常提出这样一个问题:是否已经尽了一切可能来防止(停止)或消除气候“侵蚀”过程?对于气候变化怀疑论者来说，这些文件或努力可能显得过度(而且昂贵)，但重要的是要确定欧盟是否有全面、全面或有针对性的沟通，关于绿色协议过程的公共信息传播是否充分，以及这些信息的管理需要什么。这是因为信息管理是成功实施绿色协议的最重要组成部分之一。欧盟国家最高审计机构对欧盟国家进行了评估，为落实可持续发展目标做准备。公众对欧盟绿色协议的认识和理解的评估是使用统一、批准和普遍接受的控制模型进行的。本文旨在以立陶宛为例，通过区分2020-2022年全球COVID-19大流行时期，分析信息管理在欧盟和美国实施绿色协议中的作用。
{"title":"Role of information management in implementing the Green Deal in the EU and the US","authors":"D. Štreimikienė, Asta Mikalauskiene, Ugnė Macijauskaitė – Daunaravičienė","doi":"10.14254/2071-8330.2022/15-4/1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2022/15-4/1","url":null,"abstract":"The global climate crisis poses an existential threat to the natural ecosystem and the entire humanity, while new effects (Covid-19, war in Ukraine, etc.) and factors increase the risk to national security and public stability in the EU countries and beyond. The most important global challenge of our time has prompted the formation of climate change management policies around the world; international agreements have been concluded for this purpose. In 2015 the Paris Agreement was signed and the United Nations General Assembly approved the United Nations Agenda for Sustainable Development until 2030. The goal 13 \"Take urgent action to combat climate change and its effects\" and tasks for the implementation of this goal were established and approved by the EU legal acts. The European Green Deal was initiated to define the EU's vision of creating a climate-neutral economy by 2050. Those interested in climate change and the green course often raise the question of whether everything possible has been done to prevent (stop) or eliminate climate \"erosion\" processes. To climate change sceptics, these documents or efforts may seem excessive (and expensive), but it is important to determine whether the full-fledged, comprehensive or targeted communication is available in the EU, whether the dissemination of public information about the processes of the green deal is sufficient and what the management of this information entails. This is because information management is one of the most important components of the successful implementation of the Green Deal. The supreme audit institutions of the EU countries conducted assessment of EU countries in preparation for the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The assessment of the public's knowledge and understanding of the EU green deal was performed using a uniform, approved and generally accepted control model. The article aims to analyse the role of information management in implementation of the Green Deal in the EU and the US by distinguishing the 2020-2022 period of global COVID-19 pandemic based on a Lithuanian case study.","PeriodicalId":18593,"journal":{"name":"Millennium - Journal of International Studies","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90706610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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