As communications technology, air travel, and a complex international economy continue to make the world smaller, the importance of peaceful and cooperative relationships between nations increases. However, it is unclear to what extent research on international relations (IR) has expanded as a global discipline; narrated by balanced perspectives and provides an impact. This study conducts a bibliometric analysis of 4,986 documents related to IR as recorded in the Scopus database from 1913 to 2022. Specifically, this paper analyzes (a) the trends and developments; (b) influential documents and frequent keywords and (c) major players in terms of productive journals, authors and institutions in IR studies. This paper provides a new panoramic view through tables and science maps on the publication of IR studies. The findings show a gradual interest in the IR field before the Second World War and this accelerated during the mid-twentieth century. Political economy is gaining more importance and most publications centre on IR theorieswhile discussing prevailing events affecting the world. However, the Western influence of IR is still primarily mainstream, whereIR publications are mainly controlled by large Western publishers, influenced by Western authors affiliated with long-establishedWestern institutions. Seemingly, the non-Western contributions to the IR field have yet to establish their own footing in the field despite much discussion about diversifying IR. This remains a challenge for non-Western scholars, journal publishers, and institutions seeking to contribute to the ongoing debate in the study of international relations.
{"title":"A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS ON TRENDS, DIRECTIONS AND MAJOR PLAYERS OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS STUDIES","authors":"Ratnaria Wahid, S. Shukri, M. Ahmad","doi":"10.32890/jis2023.19.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32890/jis2023.19.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"As communications technology, air travel, and a complex international economy continue to make the world smaller, the importance of peaceful and cooperative relationships between nations increases. However, it is unclear to what extent research on international relations (IR) has expanded as a global discipline; narrated by balanced perspectives and provides an impact. This study conducts a bibliometric analysis of 4,986 documents related to IR as recorded in the Scopus database from 1913 to 2022. Specifically, this paper analyzes (a) the trends and developments; (b) influential documents and frequent keywords and (c) major players in terms of productive journals, authors and institutions in IR studies. This paper provides a new panoramic view through tables and science maps on the publication of IR studies. The findings show a gradual interest in the IR field before the Second World War and this accelerated during the mid-twentieth century. Political economy is gaining more importance and most publications centre on IR theorieswhile discussing prevailing events affecting the world. However, the Western influence of IR is still primarily mainstream, whereIR publications are mainly controlled by large Western publishers, influenced by Western authors affiliated with long-establishedWestern institutions. Seemingly, the non-Western contributions to the IR field have yet to establish their own footing in the field despite much discussion about diversifying IR. This remains a challenge for non-Western scholars, journal publishers, and institutions seeking to contribute to the ongoing debate in the study of international relations.","PeriodicalId":18593,"journal":{"name":"Millennium - Journal of International Studies","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86281272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Abdullah, Hishamuddin Abdul Wahab, Abul Mansur Mohammed Masih, Mariani Abdul Majid, Wai-Yan Wong
The aim of this article is to find diversification opportunities by examining the time-varying and time-scale-based volatility andcorrelation of the US and Chinese stock market indices with crude oil, gold and Bitcoin price returns, as well as the exchange rate ofthe Chinese Yuan Renminbi against the US Dollar (CNY/USD) using a vector error correction model (VECM), namely, maximumoverlap discrete wavelet transformation (MODWT). Furthermore, individual and institutional investors may also reduce the risk of theirinvestment portfolio by investing in commodities and stock markets from countries with a negative or substantially low correlation. Our VECM result shows that Bitcoin, crude oil and CNY/USD lead the other variables under consideration, indicating that changes in the prices of Bitcoin, crude oil and CNY/USD affect the US and Chinese stock market indices, as well as gold. Our research utilising theMODWT technique shows that Bitcoin leads crude oil at almost all levels, indicating that crude oil prices will respond to Bitcoinprice movement in the long and medium term. However, investors may be deterred from using Bitcoin as a diversification tool due toits extreme volatility. The research also indicates that diversification with gold may help US investors. However, the continuous wavelettransformation finding shows that the diversification benefit effects will persist for a holding period of little more than 64 days. Our study results tend to emphasise the significance of using reasonably modern methods to identify diversification possibilities for investors with diverse investment horizons or holding stocks for various periods.
{"title":"THE CO-MOVEMENT OF CHINA AND US STOCK INDICES: A PORTFOLIO DIVERSIFICATION ANALYSIS","authors":"A. Abdullah, Hishamuddin Abdul Wahab, Abul Mansur Mohammed Masih, Mariani Abdul Majid, Wai-Yan Wong","doi":"10.32890/jis2023.19.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32890/jis2023.19.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this article is to find diversification opportunities by examining the time-varying and time-scale-based volatility andcorrelation of the US and Chinese stock market indices with crude oil, gold and Bitcoin price returns, as well as the exchange rate ofthe Chinese Yuan Renminbi against the US Dollar (CNY/USD) using a vector error correction model (VECM), namely, maximumoverlap discrete wavelet transformation (MODWT). Furthermore, individual and institutional investors may also reduce the risk of theirinvestment portfolio by investing in commodities and stock markets from countries with a negative or substantially low correlation. Our VECM result shows that Bitcoin, crude oil and CNY/USD lead the other variables under consideration, indicating that changes in the prices of Bitcoin, crude oil and CNY/USD affect the US and Chinese stock market indices, as well as gold. Our research utilising theMODWT technique shows that Bitcoin leads crude oil at almost all levels, indicating that crude oil prices will respond to Bitcoinprice movement in the long and medium term. However, investors may be deterred from using Bitcoin as a diversification tool due toits extreme volatility. The research also indicates that diversification with gold may help US investors. However, the continuous wavelettransformation finding shows that the diversification benefit effects will persist for a holding period of little more than 64 days. Our study results tend to emphasise the significance of using reasonably modern methods to identify diversification possibilities for investors with diverse investment horizons or holding stocks for various periods.","PeriodicalId":18593,"journal":{"name":"Millennium - Journal of International Studies","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77947289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.1177/03058298231161154
Sabrina Axster
How do non-governmental organisations (NGOs) represent migrants and refugees? Based on 24 interviews with staff members of US-based NGOs I show that organisations aim to emphasise migrants’ and refugees’ resilience and to highlight our ‘shared humanity’. While these strategies seemingly mark a break from previous criticisms that NGOs mobilise racialised and gendered narratives of victimhood or model minority achievements which demarcate between those who deserve support and those who do not, they still operate under the same meta-narrative: An understanding of worthiness predicated on individual deservingness. Based on critical and post-colonial migration studies, I argue that this not only ignores the racist structures that shape people’s lives. It also silences the racial underpinnings of who has historically been considered fully human. I further embed these narratives in the industry and the white saviour culture of humanitarianism, which are centred around individual action and individual donations and thus favour individualised stories. « Nous essayons d’humaniser leurs récits » : Interroger la représentation des migrants et des réfugiés à travers le basculement d’une « pornographie de la pauvreté » vers l’humanisation et la résilience
{"title":"‘We try to Humanise their Stories’: Interrogating the Representation of Migrants and Refugees Through the Shift from ‘Poverty Porn’ to Humanisation and Resilience","authors":"Sabrina Axster","doi":"10.1177/03058298231161154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03058298231161154","url":null,"abstract":"How do non-governmental organisations (NGOs) represent migrants and refugees? Based on 24 interviews with staff members of US-based NGOs I show that organisations aim to emphasise migrants’ and refugees’ resilience and to highlight our ‘shared humanity’. While these strategies seemingly mark a break from previous criticisms that NGOs mobilise racialised and gendered narratives of victimhood or model minority achievements which demarcate between those who deserve support and those who do not, they still operate under the same meta-narrative: An understanding of worthiness predicated on individual deservingness. Based on critical and post-colonial migration studies, I argue that this not only ignores the racist structures that shape people’s lives. It also silences the racial underpinnings of who has historically been considered fully human. I further embed these narratives in the industry and the white saviour culture of humanitarianism, which are centred around individual action and individual donations and thus favour individualised stories. « Nous essayons d’humaniser leurs récits » : Interroger la représentation des migrants et des réfugiés à travers le basculement d’une « pornographie de la pauvreté » vers l’humanisation et la résilience","PeriodicalId":18593,"journal":{"name":"Millennium - Journal of International Studies","volume":"51 1","pages":"615 - 639"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65133537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.1177/03058298221129321
Katri Vihma
This article examines the preconditions for an epistemically and cognitively more just form of political dialogue. Such dialogue requires treating each participant and their knowledges as equal as well as securing the participant’s epistemic and material possibilities to engage in deliberation. Drawing on Iris M. Young’s communicative ethics and both Walter D. Mignolo’s and Sabelo J. Ndlovu-Gatsheni’s decolonial theorising, I suggest three moves for realising these conditions. Thus, I bring feminist epistemology and decolonial thought into a mutually enriching discussion and put forward ideals that are important for improving accounts of political deliberation in world politics. Empirically, the analysis contributes to an understanding of epistemic and cognitive injustices and related colonial tendencies in the relationship between the Organization of African, Caribbean and Pacific States (OACPS) and European Union (EU). Moreover, I provide policy proposals for reducing the identified injustices and other associated asymmetries between the parties in the post-Cotonou era. Lutter contre les injustices épistémiques et cognitives dans le dialogue politique : le cas des relations entre l’OEACP et l’UE
本文考察了认识论和认知上更公正的政治对话形式的前提条件。这种对话要求平等对待每个参与者及其知识，并确保参与者参与审议的认知和物质可能性。借鉴Iris M. Young的沟通伦理，以及Walter D. Mignolo和Sabelo J. Ndlovu-Gatsheni的非殖民化理论，我提出了实现这些条件的三个步骤。因此，我将女权主义认识论和非殖民化思想带入了一个相互丰富的讨论中，并提出了对改善世界政治中政治审议的重要理想。从经验上看，该分析有助于理解非洲、加勒比和太平洋国家组织(OACPS)与欧洲联盟(EU)之间关系中的认知和认知不公正以及相关的殖民倾向。此外，我还提出了减少后科托努时代各方之间已查明的不公正现象和其他相关不对称现象的政策建议。不公正、不公正、不公正、不公正、不公正、不公正、不公正、不公正、不公正、不公正、不公正、不公正、不公正、不公正、不公正、不公正、不公正
{"title":"Tackling Epistemic and Cognitive Injustice in Political Dialogue: The Case of OACPS–EU Relations","authors":"Katri Vihma","doi":"10.1177/03058298221129321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03058298221129321","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the preconditions for an epistemically and cognitively more just form of political dialogue. Such dialogue requires treating each participant and their knowledges as equal as well as securing the participant’s epistemic and material possibilities to engage in deliberation. Drawing on Iris M. Young’s communicative ethics and both Walter D. Mignolo’s and Sabelo J. Ndlovu-Gatsheni’s decolonial theorising, I suggest three moves for realising these conditions. Thus, I bring feminist epistemology and decolonial thought into a mutually enriching discussion and put forward ideals that are important for improving accounts of political deliberation in world politics. Empirically, the analysis contributes to an understanding of epistemic and cognitive injustices and related colonial tendencies in the relationship between the Organization of African, Caribbean and Pacific States (OACPS) and European Union (EU). Moreover, I provide policy proposals for reducing the identified injustices and other associated asymmetries between the parties in the post-Cotonou era. Lutter contre les injustices épistémiques et cognitives dans le dialogue politique : le cas des relations entre l’OEACP et l’UE","PeriodicalId":18593,"journal":{"name":"Millennium - Journal of International Studies","volume":"51 1","pages":"431 - 462"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65133860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.1177/03058298221138944
Patrick Quinton-Brown
The purpose of this paper is to re-theorize the evolution of the Responsibility to Protect (RtoP) in the UN through to 2011, the apogee of liberal interventionism in the post-Cold War period. Contrary to a common argument in existing literature, and notwithstanding the adoption of the concept as an annual agenda item of the General Assembly, international contestation is not about implementation as neatly separated from meaning, but rather definition or interpretation. To better understand the boundaries of intergovernmental understanding, we need to interrogate the language or terms of the debate, particularly the ways in which those terms have been practiced. There have been two Responsibilities to Protect in international society. A discursive practice called Southern RtoP, traced through UN-based political dialogue, contests a meaning that has been prevalent for 20 years at least: that of Northern RtoP. This article shows evaluative nuance and data from the perspective of the Global South and provides a discursive history of an ongoing non-aligned protest against a NATO-associated theory of defeasible sovereignty. Deux responsabilités de protéger
{"title":"Two Responsibilities to Protect","authors":"Patrick Quinton-Brown","doi":"10.1177/03058298221138944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03058298221138944","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to re-theorize the evolution of the Responsibility to Protect (RtoP) in the UN through to 2011, the apogee of liberal interventionism in the post-Cold War period. Contrary to a common argument in existing literature, and notwithstanding the adoption of the concept as an annual agenda item of the General Assembly, international contestation is not about implementation as neatly separated from meaning, but rather definition or interpretation. To better understand the boundaries of intergovernmental understanding, we need to interrogate the language or terms of the debate, particularly the ways in which those terms have been practiced. There have been two Responsibilities to Protect in international society. A discursive practice called Southern RtoP, traced through UN-based political dialogue, contests a meaning that has been prevalent for 20 years at least: that of Northern RtoP. This article shows evaluative nuance and data from the perspective of the Global South and provides a discursive history of an ongoing non-aligned protest against a NATO-associated theory of defeasible sovereignty. Deux responsabilités de protéger","PeriodicalId":18593,"journal":{"name":"Millennium - Journal of International Studies","volume":"51 1","pages":"405 - 430"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65133921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.1177/03058298221146303
Laura Pantzerhielm
At the United Nations (UN), the early years of the post-Cold War era were marked by a historically novel sense of urgency to render governing practices in development cooperation and humanitarian affairs more ‘human’, ‘people-’ and ‘rights’-centred. Since then, the UN ‘Human Rights-Based Approach’ (HRBA) has become widely accepted as an authoritative methodology for grasping the practical implications of rights language. This paper examines the politics of the HRBA by exploring how it ‘fixes’ the multifaceted, normatively charged and elusive object of ‘human rights’ and renders it actionable for UN agencies. It contributes to recent theorizing on knowledge in IR and ties in with critical human rights scholarship by developing a post-foundational reading of human rights and the HRBA that frontloads constitutive power and politicizes ontology. Through an in-depth reconstruction of UN knowledge production on the HRBA, I find that it excludes concerns with international power relations and depoliticizes inequality through a narrow focus on lacking subject capacities. Moreover, I illustrate that the HRBA operates according to dichotomous spatial metaphors and implicit hierarchies that locate UN agencies ‘above’ the subjects and settings they interact with, both normatively and epistemically. The paper contributes to the critical study of human rights by excavating the ambiguous power effects at work in rights-based UN methodologies. Objets multiples et solutions ontiques : les droits de l’homme et les politiques « oubliées » de l’approche fondée sur les droits de l’homme des Nation unies
{"title":"On Multiple Objects and Ontic Fixes: Human Rights and the ‘Forgotten’ Politics of the United Nations’ Human Rights-Based Approach","authors":"Laura Pantzerhielm","doi":"10.1177/03058298221146303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03058298221146303","url":null,"abstract":"At the United Nations (UN), the early years of the post-Cold War era were marked by a historically novel sense of urgency to render governing practices in development cooperation and humanitarian affairs more ‘human’, ‘people-’ and ‘rights’-centred. Since then, the UN ‘Human Rights-Based Approach’ (HRBA) has become widely accepted as an authoritative methodology for grasping the practical implications of rights language. This paper examines the politics of the HRBA by exploring how it ‘fixes’ the multifaceted, normatively charged and elusive object of ‘human rights’ and renders it actionable for UN agencies. It contributes to recent theorizing on knowledge in IR and ties in with critical human rights scholarship by developing a post-foundational reading of human rights and the HRBA that frontloads constitutive power and politicizes ontology. Through an in-depth reconstruction of UN knowledge production on the HRBA, I find that it excludes concerns with international power relations and depoliticizes inequality through a narrow focus on lacking subject capacities. Moreover, I illustrate that the HRBA operates according to dichotomous spatial metaphors and implicit hierarchies that locate UN agencies ‘above’ the subjects and settings they interact with, both normatively and epistemically. The paper contributes to the critical study of human rights by excavating the ambiguous power effects at work in rights-based UN methodologies. Objets multiples et solutions ontiques : les droits de l’homme et les politiques « oubliées » de l’approche fondée sur les droits de l’homme des Nation unies","PeriodicalId":18593,"journal":{"name":"Millennium - Journal of International Studies","volume":"51 1","pages":"519 - 551"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65133500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.1177/03058298231161166
Jack Basu-Mellish, C. Navari, Yongjin Zhang, Huss Banai, F. C. Buranelli, Carolina Zaccato, S. Taeuber, Charlotta Friedner Parrat, T. Bottelier
This is a series of solicited articles requested by the editors of Vol. 51, emerging from a roundtable discussion held at the 2022 International Studies Association Convention. Each short contribution seeks to demonstrate the newest research of the English School of International Relations. These contributions tackle key questions including: the decline of liberal hegemony, the rise of China, the divide between soldaristic and pluralistic ethics, the engagement of the English School with Area Studies, theoretical approaches to grounding English School research and an investigation of the English School’s intellectual legacy. Section spéciale École anglaise
{"title":"English School Special Section","authors":"Jack Basu-Mellish, C. Navari, Yongjin Zhang, Huss Banai, F. C. Buranelli, Carolina Zaccato, S. Taeuber, Charlotta Friedner Parrat, T. Bottelier","doi":"10.1177/03058298231161166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03058298231161166","url":null,"abstract":"This is a series of solicited articles requested by the editors of Vol. 51, emerging from a roundtable discussion held at the 2022 International Studies Association Convention. Each short contribution seeks to demonstrate the newest research of the English School of International Relations. These contributions tackle key questions including: the decline of liberal hegemony, the rise of China, the divide between soldaristic and pluralistic ethics, the engagement of the English School with Area Studies, theoretical approaches to grounding English School research and an investigation of the English School’s intellectual legacy. Section spéciale École anglaise","PeriodicalId":18593,"journal":{"name":"Millennium - Journal of International Studies","volume":"51 1","pages":"552 - 614"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65133551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.1177/03058298221142948
Gregory Fayard
Despite tourism being one of the largest industries in the world and key to the economies of many countries, there has been little effort to systematically connect the nation-state to global circuits of tourism. Most theoretical work centres around international flows of capital and issues of policy choice, sidelining how states as sovereign, territorial institutions are constructed through global travel. Using a constructivist approach to the state, the present paper redresses these gaps by building a theory of the state-tourism nexus that synthesises multiple historic and contemporary examples, demonstrating the major mechanisms connecting tourism to the global institutionalisation and positioning of states. Including both domestic and foreign travel, this theoretic illustrates how travel flows are useful for state leaders in constituting, imagining, legitimising and territorialising the nation-state. Théoriser la politique du tourisme : le tourisme international et l’État-nation
{"title":"Theorising the Politics of Tourism: Global Travel and the Nation-State","authors":"Gregory Fayard","doi":"10.1177/03058298221142948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03058298221142948","url":null,"abstract":"Despite tourism being one of the largest industries in the world and key to the economies of many countries, there has been little effort to systematically connect the nation-state to global circuits of tourism. Most theoretical work centres around international flows of capital and issues of policy choice, sidelining how states as sovereign, territorial institutions are constructed through global travel. Using a constructivist approach to the state, the present paper redresses these gaps by building a theory of the state-tourism nexus that synthesises multiple historic and contemporary examples, demonstrating the major mechanisms connecting tourism to the global institutionalisation and positioning of states. Including both domestic and foreign travel, this theoretic illustrates how travel flows are useful for state leaders in constituting, imagining, legitimising and territorialising the nation-state. Théoriser la politique du tourisme : le tourisme international et l’État-nation","PeriodicalId":18593,"journal":{"name":"Millennium - Journal of International Studies","volume":"51 1","pages":"489 - 518"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65133486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.1177/03058298221137930
N. Jester
Arms sales cause serious harm and the public is – on some level – aware of this, yet their sale continues apace. Militarisation is the engendering of support for war, broadly understood, and this includes the manufacture/sale of weapons. This article examines the Twitter feeds of three large US arms manufacturers: Lockheed Martin, Raytheon and Northrop Grumman (as part of a larger project where approximately 900 tweets were examined). It argues that productive tensions of exposure (knowing) and revelation (societal acknowledgement) engender militarisation within arms manufacturers’ Twitter feeds. It finds that arms manufacturers represent themselves as accessible/transparent through regular updates and high volumes of information. They also distract from the violence of their products by presenting themselves as drivers of human progress, which occurs in social, environmental and technological dimensions. Taken as a whole, the representations of accessibility and distracting content on social media function to facilitate the arms trade in this case. Accessible, transparente, progressive : conceptualiser la militarisation de l’espace numérique à travers la présence de fabricants d’armes sur les réseaux sociaux
{"title":"Accessible, Transparent, Progressive: Conceptualising the Militarisation of Digital Space Through the Social Media Presence of Arms Manufacturers","authors":"N. Jester","doi":"10.1177/03058298221137930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03058298221137930","url":null,"abstract":"Arms sales cause serious harm and the public is – on some level – aware of this, yet their sale continues apace. Militarisation is the engendering of support for war, broadly understood, and this includes the manufacture/sale of weapons. This article examines the Twitter feeds of three large US arms manufacturers: Lockheed Martin, Raytheon and Northrop Grumman (as part of a larger project where approximately 900 tweets were examined). It argues that productive tensions of exposure (knowing) and revelation (societal acknowledgement) engender militarisation within arms manufacturers’ Twitter feeds. It finds that arms manufacturers represent themselves as accessible/transparent through regular updates and high volumes of information. They also distract from the violence of their products by presenting themselves as drivers of human progress, which occurs in social, environmental and technological dimensions. Taken as a whole, the representations of accessibility and distracting content on social media function to facilitate the arms trade in this case. Accessible, transparente, progressive : conceptualiser la militarisation de l’espace numérique à travers la présence de fabricants d’armes sur les réseaux sociaux","PeriodicalId":18593,"journal":{"name":"Millennium - Journal of International Studies","volume":"51 1","pages":"463 - 488"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65133906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-27DOI: 10.1177/03058298221135666
Karolina Werner
The notion of indigeneity has risen to political prominence as Indigenous peoples have fought for recognition of their rights. When the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples was passed in 2007, it represented a transformative moment, despite its flaws. The meaning of the term Indigenous has been transformed by these international events and identifying as Indigenous is increasingly seen as positive. However, Indigenous peoples in certain regions of the world, specifically Africa and Asia, were late to the conversation. As a result, how the term Indigenous is understood and utilised in these regions remains a work in progress. This article explores the progression and impact of the term in Africa specifically, highlighting its unique effects, importance, and the ongoing struggles of Indigenous peoples on the continent. Qui est autochtone en Afrique ? Le concept d’autochtonie, ses impacts et sa progression
随着土著人民为其权利得到承认而斗争，土著概念已上升到政治上的突出地位。2007年，《联合国土著人民权利宣言》(United Nations Declaration on Rights of Indigenous Peoples)获得通过，尽管存在缺陷，但它代表了一个变革的时刻。这些国际事件已经改变了“原住民”一词的含义，原住民身份越来越被视为积极的。然而，世界上某些地区的土著人民，特别是非洲和亚洲的土著人民，参加对话的时间较晚。因此，如何在这些地区理解和使用“土著”一词仍然是一项正在进行的工作。这篇文章特别探讨了这个词在非洲的发展和影响，强调了它独特的影响、重要性，以及非洲大陆上土著人民正在进行的斗争。非洲有自动电话吗?“自我控制”的概念，即影响和进步
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