Pub Date : 2024-08-11DOI: 10.1038/s44168-024-00148-8
Inhwan Ko, Aseem Prakash
Climate advocates and finance industry titans suggest firms’ climate policies have economic payoffs. We examine whether stock markets reward firms that have joined the Science-Based Targets Initiative (SBTi), a voluntary climate program that verifies firms’ emission reduction pledges. Our analysis of S&P 500 companies’ quarterly stock prices for 2010–2023 finds little evidence that SBTi verification (of any type) increases stock prices. If stock markets are not incentivizing firms to voluntarily undertake climate actions, policymakers and climate advocates need to focus on providing nonfinancial rewards to encourage firms to invest in emission reductions.
{"title":"Stock markets, corporate climate pledges, and the Science-Based Target Initiative","authors":"Inhwan Ko, Aseem Prakash","doi":"10.1038/s44168-024-00148-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44168-024-00148-8","url":null,"abstract":"Climate advocates and finance industry titans suggest firms’ climate policies have economic payoffs. We examine whether stock markets reward firms that have joined the Science-Based Targets Initiative (SBTi), a voluntary climate program that verifies firms’ emission reduction pledges. Our analysis of S&P 500 companies’ quarterly stock prices for 2010–2023 finds little evidence that SBTi verification (of any type) increases stock prices. If stock markets are not incentivizing firms to voluntarily undertake climate actions, policymakers and climate advocates need to focus on providing nonfinancial rewards to encourage firms to invest in emission reductions.","PeriodicalId":186004,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate Action","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44168-024-00148-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141968565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.1038/s44168-024-00151-z
Colin Jerolmack
Research shows that conservatives support fossil fuel extraction and distrust regulation. Yet scholarship overlooks where environmentalist and conservative interests may align—a question I explore through studying a rural, white, and conservative Pennsylvania community where many leased their land for shale gas drilling (fracking). Landowners endorsed fracking and discredited state regulators and environmentalists. Eventually, however, many became troubled by how their land sovereignty and community “home rule” were eroded by petroleum companies and state zoning preemption laws. Though few rejected fracking outright, most believed their town should be allowed to manage the industry’s footprint. Although climate advocates increasingly view local sovereignty as enabling NIMBYism that stymies climate action, communities often experience state-led energy siting policies as a procedural injustice. Regarding fracking, community empowerment would abet climate action by enabling municipal checks on industrial expansion. Environmentalists could forge alliances with rural, conservative towns by supporting greater local democratic decision-making over fracking.
{"title":"Community rights and energy politics in a pro-fracking Appalachian town","authors":"Colin Jerolmack","doi":"10.1038/s44168-024-00151-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44168-024-00151-z","url":null,"abstract":"Research shows that conservatives support fossil fuel extraction and distrust regulation. Yet scholarship overlooks where environmentalist and conservative interests may align—a question I explore through studying a rural, white, and conservative Pennsylvania community where many leased their land for shale gas drilling (fracking). Landowners endorsed fracking and discredited state regulators and environmentalists. Eventually, however, many became troubled by how their land sovereignty and community “home rule” were eroded by petroleum companies and state zoning preemption laws. Though few rejected fracking outright, most believed their town should be allowed to manage the industry’s footprint. Although climate advocates increasingly view local sovereignty as enabling NIMBYism that stymies climate action, communities often experience state-led energy siting policies as a procedural injustice. Regarding fracking, community empowerment would abet climate action by enabling municipal checks on industrial expansion. Environmentalists could forge alliances with rural, conservative towns by supporting greater local democratic decision-making over fracking.","PeriodicalId":186004,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate Action","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44168-024-00151-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141925610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.1038/s44168-024-00149-7
Jakob Skovgaard, Harro van Asselt, Christopher Beaton, Evan Drake, Natalie Jones, Neil McCulloch, Ronald Steenblik, Peter Wooders
Fossil fuel subsidies remain a persistent problem notwithstanding multiple international commitments to phase them out. A new approach is needed to ensure commitments account for, and help overcome, domestic barriers to fossil fuel subsidy reform. This new approach should comprise time-bound roadmaps, steps to close existing loopholes, and support for lower-income countries.
{"title":"Revitalizing international fossil fuel subsidy phase-out commitments through roadmaps, closing loopholes, and support","authors":"Jakob Skovgaard, Harro van Asselt, Christopher Beaton, Evan Drake, Natalie Jones, Neil McCulloch, Ronald Steenblik, Peter Wooders","doi":"10.1038/s44168-024-00149-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44168-024-00149-7","url":null,"abstract":"Fossil fuel subsidies remain a persistent problem notwithstanding multiple international commitments to phase them out. A new approach is needed to ensure commitments account for, and help overcome, domestic barriers to fossil fuel subsidy reform. This new approach should comprise time-bound roadmaps, steps to close existing loopholes, and support for lower-income countries.","PeriodicalId":186004,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate Action","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44168-024-00149-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141926257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-02DOI: 10.1038/s44168-024-00150-0
Max Besbris, Rebecca Elliott, Daniel Aldana Cohen, Ruthy Gourevitch
America’s current housing regime—meaning the ways housing is allocated, owned, taxed, and regulated—is a major barrier to the kinds of collective action needed to decarbonize the economy and the atmosphere. We outline why this is the case and argue that major reforms to the housing regime are necessary for fostering collective climate action.
{"title":"The housing regime as a barrier to climate action","authors":"Max Besbris, Rebecca Elliott, Daniel Aldana Cohen, Ruthy Gourevitch","doi":"10.1038/s44168-024-00150-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44168-024-00150-0","url":null,"abstract":"America’s current housing regime—meaning the ways housing is allocated, owned, taxed, and regulated—is a major barrier to the kinds of collective action needed to decarbonize the economy and the atmosphere. We outline why this is the case and argue that major reforms to the housing regime are necessary for fostering collective climate action.","PeriodicalId":186004,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate Action","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44168-024-00150-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141968566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-31DOI: 10.1038/s44168-024-00146-w
Jan Pollex
Climate justice issues have been propelled onto political agendas by the recent wave of climate activism, which emphasizes the need for more equitable development. Although a substantial body of research identifies injustices related to climate change, policy research has yet to adequately address this topic. This contribution aims to bridge this gap by advocating for a stronger connection between climate justice and policy analysis. It reviews existing literature, highlighting key focal points in the research, and identifies avenues for future study. The review underscores the need for a more thorough examination of the intersection between policy measures and climate justice.
{"title":"Climate justice and policy analysis: still a reserved relationship","authors":"Jan Pollex","doi":"10.1038/s44168-024-00146-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44168-024-00146-w","url":null,"abstract":"Climate justice issues have been propelled onto political agendas by the recent wave of climate activism, which emphasizes the need for more equitable development. Although a substantial body of research identifies injustices related to climate change, policy research has yet to adequately address this topic. This contribution aims to bridge this gap by advocating for a stronger connection between climate justice and policy analysis. It reviews existing literature, highlighting key focal points in the research, and identifies avenues for future study. The review underscores the need for a more thorough examination of the intersection between policy measures and climate justice.","PeriodicalId":186004,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate Action","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44168-024-00146-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141968586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-29DOI: 10.1038/s44168-024-00142-0
Benjamin K. Sovacool, Heather Clifford, Rebecca Pearl-Martinez, Emma Gause, Danielle Braun, Leila Kamareddine, Amruta Nori-Sarma, Gregory A. Wellenius
Many actors have recently launched significant new initiatives in the domain of climate change and health. Given this important nexus, we undertook a review of funding patterns from 1985 – 2022, using the NIH RePORTER database for the United States and the Dimensions database globally. This includes an assessment of more than 9 million publicly funded projects across both databases with a collective budget of more than $3 trillion. We estimate that between 1985 and 2022 only 0.26% of research funding awarded by the NIH related to climate change, and only 0.70% of funded projects in the Dimensions database related to climate change and human health. Moreover, we thematically map funding patterns according to four thematic areas: changes in climate, the effects of climate change, health impacts, and interventions and strategies. More funding is needed to better anticipate and prepare for the projected health impacts of climate change.
{"title":"Critically examining research funding patterns for climate change and human health","authors":"Benjamin K. Sovacool, Heather Clifford, Rebecca Pearl-Martinez, Emma Gause, Danielle Braun, Leila Kamareddine, Amruta Nori-Sarma, Gregory A. Wellenius","doi":"10.1038/s44168-024-00142-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44168-024-00142-0","url":null,"abstract":"Many actors have recently launched significant new initiatives in the domain of climate change and health. Given this important nexus, we undertook a review of funding patterns from 1985 – 2022, using the NIH RePORTER database for the United States and the Dimensions database globally. This includes an assessment of more than 9 million publicly funded projects across both databases with a collective budget of more than $3 trillion. We estimate that between 1985 and 2022 only 0.26% of research funding awarded by the NIH related to climate change, and only 0.70% of funded projects in the Dimensions database related to climate change and human health. Moreover, we thematically map funding patterns according to four thematic areas: changes in climate, the effects of climate change, health impacts, and interventions and strategies. More funding is needed to better anticipate and prepare for the projected health impacts of climate change.","PeriodicalId":186004,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate Action","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44168-024-00142-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141968587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.1038/s44168-024-00145-x
Alicia Zhao, Kowan T. V. O’Keefe, Matthew Binsted, Haewon McJeon, Adriana Bryant, Claire Squire, Mengqi Zhang, Steven J. Smith, Ryna Cui, Yang Ou, Gokul Iyer, Shannon Kennedy, Nate Hultman
Under the next cycle of target setting under the Paris Agreement, countries will be updating and submitting new nationally determined contributions (NDCs) over the coming year. To this end, there is a growing need for the United States to assess potential pathways toward a new, maximally ambitious 2035 NDC. In this study, we use an integrated assessment model with state-level detail to model existing policies from both federal and non-federal actors, including the Inflation Reduction Act, Bipartisan Infrastructure Law, and key state policies, across all sectors and gases. Additionally, we develop a high-ambition scenario, which includes new and enhanced policies from these actors. We find that existing policies can reduce net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 44% (with a range of 37% to 52%) by 2035, relative to 2005 levels. The high-ambition scenario can deliver net GHG reductions up to 65% (with a range of 59% to 71%) by 2035 under accelerated implementation of federal regulations and investments, as well as state policies such as renewable portfolio standards, EV sales targets, and zero-emission appliance standards. This level of reductions would provide a basis for continued progress toward the country’s 2050 net-zero emissions goal.
{"title":"High-ambition climate action in all sectors can achieve a 65% greenhouse gas emissions reduction in the United States by 2035","authors":"Alicia Zhao, Kowan T. V. O’Keefe, Matthew Binsted, Haewon McJeon, Adriana Bryant, Claire Squire, Mengqi Zhang, Steven J. Smith, Ryna Cui, Yang Ou, Gokul Iyer, Shannon Kennedy, Nate Hultman","doi":"10.1038/s44168-024-00145-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44168-024-00145-x","url":null,"abstract":"Under the next cycle of target setting under the Paris Agreement, countries will be updating and submitting new nationally determined contributions (NDCs) over the coming year. To this end, there is a growing need for the United States to assess potential pathways toward a new, maximally ambitious 2035 NDC. In this study, we use an integrated assessment model with state-level detail to model existing policies from both federal and non-federal actors, including the Inflation Reduction Act, Bipartisan Infrastructure Law, and key state policies, across all sectors and gases. Additionally, we develop a high-ambition scenario, which includes new and enhanced policies from these actors. We find that existing policies can reduce net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 44% (with a range of 37% to 52%) by 2035, relative to 2005 levels. The high-ambition scenario can deliver net GHG reductions up to 65% (with a range of 59% to 71%) by 2035 under accelerated implementation of federal regulations and investments, as well as state policies such as renewable portfolio standards, EV sales targets, and zero-emission appliance standards. This level of reductions would provide a basis for continued progress toward the country’s 2050 net-zero emissions goal.","PeriodicalId":186004,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate Action","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11269174/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141790882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.1038/s44168-024-00141-1
Tuula Honkonen
One way to give recognition to and account for vulnerability in climate policymaking is enhanced public participation. This study examines national climate acts across the EU Member States from this perspective, paying particular attention to those members of the public who are considered most climate vulnerable. The analysis finds that few of the acts address public participation, and none of the acts examined directly provides for the participation of specified groups of people based on their presumed vulnerability to climate change impacts. There are, however, participation mechanisms that take into account climate vulnerable groups. Yet, many states have not regarded the national climate act as the legal instrument of choice for regulating public participation in climate policymaking. However, this paper argues that the institutionalization of public participation in the national climate acts would have added value.
{"title":"Do climate acts of EU countries enable the most vulnerable to participate in climate policymaking?","authors":"Tuula Honkonen","doi":"10.1038/s44168-024-00141-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44168-024-00141-1","url":null,"abstract":"One way to give recognition to and account for vulnerability in climate policymaking is enhanced public participation. This study examines national climate acts across the EU Member States from this perspective, paying particular attention to those members of the public who are considered most climate vulnerable. The analysis finds that few of the acts address public participation, and none of the acts examined directly provides for the participation of specified groups of people based on their presumed vulnerability to climate change impacts. There are, however, participation mechanisms that take into account climate vulnerable groups. Yet, many states have not regarded the national climate act as the legal instrument of choice for regulating public participation in climate policymaking. However, this paper argues that the institutionalization of public participation in the national climate acts would have added value.","PeriodicalId":186004,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate Action","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44168-024-00141-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141811390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-20DOI: 10.1038/s44168-024-00115-3
Gina E. C. Charnley, Ilan Kelman
The accelerated warming of the planet caused by anthropogenic climate change is very concerning, as its impacts have the potential to be broad and its effects widespread. One climate change impact with significant interest from scientists, politicians, the media and the general public, is the proposed changes to infectious disease dynamics. Climate change has the potential to alter disease transmission through expansion to naive populations or by worsening risk factors. However, limitations exist in our ability to forecast the climate and disease, including how we incorporate changes in human behaviour and how we attribute climate/weather events solely to an infectious disease outcome. Broad statements about the impact of the climate on infectious disease may not be helpful, as these relationships are highly complex and likely lead to an oversimplification. The interdisciplinary field of climate-health research has the attention of those outside of science, and it is the responsibility of those involved to communicate attribution on an evidence basis, for better scientific communication and public spending. The uncertainty around the impacts of climate change is a call for action, to prevent pushing the Earth’s systems into the unknown.
{"title":"Perspectives on climate change and infectious disease outbreaks: is the evidence there?","authors":"Gina E. C. Charnley, Ilan Kelman","doi":"10.1038/s44168-024-00115-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44168-024-00115-3","url":null,"abstract":"The accelerated warming of the planet caused by anthropogenic climate change is very concerning, as its impacts have the potential to be broad and its effects widespread. One climate change impact with significant interest from scientists, politicians, the media and the general public, is the proposed changes to infectious disease dynamics. Climate change has the potential to alter disease transmission through expansion to naive populations or by worsening risk factors. However, limitations exist in our ability to forecast the climate and disease, including how we incorporate changes in human behaviour and how we attribute climate/weather events solely to an infectious disease outcome. Broad statements about the impact of the climate on infectious disease may not be helpful, as these relationships are highly complex and likely lead to an oversimplification. The interdisciplinary field of climate-health research has the attention of those outside of science, and it is the responsibility of those involved to communicate attribution on an evidence basis, for better scientific communication and public spending. The uncertainty around the impacts of climate change is a call for action, to prevent pushing the Earth’s systems into the unknown.","PeriodicalId":186004,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate Action","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44168-024-00115-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141736852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-16DOI: 10.1038/s44168-024-00140-2
Camilla Nielsen-Englyst, Quentin Gausset
This paper describes how the ecovillage model for sustainability is currently spreading in Denmark through two different avenues. The first avenue is the creation of new eco-communities inspired by the ecovillage movement but created through top-down municipal support or from the side by the involvement of professional community builders. The second avenue is the spread of some aspects of the ecovillage model to mainstream housing neighbourhoods through the green neighbourhood movement, when neighbours meet, discuss what kind of sustainable interests they share, and act together to live more sustainably. Although eco-communities and green neighbourhoods will probably achieve less impressive carbon footprint reductions than ecovillages, they are exploring interesting avenues through which the spread of the ecovillage model, which is slow, costly, and exclusive, can be speed up and can trigger a mass movement that has the potential of bringing widespread changes.
{"title":"From countercultural ecovillages to mainstream green neighbourhoods—a view on current trends in Denmark","authors":"Camilla Nielsen-Englyst, Quentin Gausset","doi":"10.1038/s44168-024-00140-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44168-024-00140-2","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes how the ecovillage model for sustainability is currently spreading in Denmark through two different avenues. The first avenue is the creation of new eco-communities inspired by the ecovillage movement but created through top-down municipal support or from the side by the involvement of professional community builders. The second avenue is the spread of some aspects of the ecovillage model to mainstream housing neighbourhoods through the green neighbourhood movement, when neighbours meet, discuss what kind of sustainable interests they share, and act together to live more sustainably. Although eco-communities and green neighbourhoods will probably achieve less impressive carbon footprint reductions than ecovillages, they are exploring interesting avenues through which the spread of the ecovillage model, which is slow, costly, and exclusive, can be speed up and can trigger a mass movement that has the potential of bringing widespread changes.","PeriodicalId":186004,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate Action","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44168-024-00140-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141643523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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