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Artificial Intelligence can help Loss and Damage only if it is inclusive and accessible 人工智能只有具有包容性和可及性,才能帮助损失和损害赔偿
Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.1038/s44168-024-00139-9
Francesca Larosa, Adam Wickberg
Loss and Damage benefits from the inclusion of Artificial Intelligence systems to support prevention and assessment. As AI research and development is highly dominated by western and private-led powers, the effectiveness of its use is limited for vulnerable countries. We call for an accessible, inclusive and locally-grounded AI to serve the needs of the most vulnerable, support Article 8 of the Paris Agreement and democratise innovation.
损失和损害受益于人工智能系统,以支持预防和评估。由于人工智能的研究和开发在很大程度上被西方和私人主导的力量所控制,其对脆弱国家的使用效果有限。我们呼吁建立一个可访问的、包容的和立足于本地的人工智能,以满足最弱势群体的需求,支持《巴黎协定》第 8 条,并使创新民主化。
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引用次数: 0
Climate change education in Indonesia’s formal education: a policy analysis 印度尼西亚正规教育中的气候变化教育:政策分析
Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.1038/s44168-024-00143-z
Kelvin Tang
This article conducts a comprehensive analysis of climate change education within the framework of climate change policy and education policy in Indonesia. Employing thematic analysis on twenty climate change policy texts, twelve K-12 education policy texts, and seventeen expert interview transcripts, our study explores the congruency of climate change education in both policy domains. Despite the critical need for coordinated policies to optimise the design and implementation of climate change education, the analysis reveals a significant discrepancy between Indonesia’s climate change policy and education policy regarding this crucial aspect. Four key themes emerged: the marginalisation of climate change education, the lack of synergies between relevant policies and stakeholders, the predominant economic values, and the optimistic future outlook. The study also assesses the alignment between Indonesia’s approach and global trends in climate change education. The findings shed light on critical areas for improvement and development in the integration of climate change education within the Indonesian policy landscape.
本文在印度尼西亚气候变化政策和教育政策的框架内对气候变化教育进行了全面分析。通过对二十篇气候变化政策文本、十二篇 K-12 教育政策文本和十七篇专家访谈记录进行主题分析,我们的研究探讨了气候变化教育在这两个政策领域中的一致性。尽管亟需协调政策以优化气候变化教育的设计和实施,但分析显示,印尼的气候变化政策和教育政策在这一关键方面存在显著差异。其中有四个关键主题:气候变化教育被边缘化、相关政策和利益相关方之间缺乏协同作用、经济价值观占主导地位以及对未来的乐观展望。研究还评估了印度尼西亚在气候变化教育方面的方法与全球趋势之间的一致性。研究结果揭示了将气候变化教育纳入印度尼西亚政策环境中需要改进和发展的关键领域。
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引用次数: 0
Economic growth and income inequality increase the carbon intensity of human well-being for Canada’s provinces 经济增长和收入不平等增加了加拿大各省人类福祉的碳强度
Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.1038/s44168-024-00144-y
Andrew Jorgenson, Taekyeong Goh, Ryan Thombs, Yasmin Koop-Monteiro, Mark Shakespear, Nicolas Viens, Grace Gletsu
Reducing the carbon intensity of human well-being (CIWB) is a potential form of climate action. We conduct a preliminary analysis of the effects of economic growth and income inequality on the CIWB of Canada’s provinces, and find that both increase CIWB in this sub-national context. We also find that their effects are symmetrical, meaning that positive and negative changes in economic growth and income inequality result in the same proportional changes in CIWB. Therefore, and while incredibly difficult to do, it is possible that efforts to reduce income inequality and economic growth are potential pathways to reducing CIWB.
降低人类福祉的碳强度(CIWB)是气候行动的一种潜在形式。我们对经济增长和收入不平等对加拿大各省 CIWB 的影响进行了初步分析,发现这两种因素都会增加次国家范围内的 CIWB。我们还发现,它们的影响是对称的,即经济增长和收入不平等的正负变化会导致 CIWB 发生相同比例的变化。因此,尽管要做到这一点非常困难,但努力减少收入不平等和经济增长有可能是减少 CIWB 的潜在途径。
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引用次数: 0
Titanic lessons for Spaceship Earth to account for human behavior in institutional design 泰坦尼克号给地球飞船的启示,在机构设计中考虑人类行为
Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1038/s44168-024-00135-z
Therese Lindahl, John M. Anderies, Anne-Sophie Crépin, Krisztina Jónás, Caroline Schill, Juan Camilo Cárdenas, Carl Folke, Gert Jan Hofstede, Marco A. Janssen, Jean-Denis Mathias, Stephen Polasky
Combating environmental degradation requires global cooperation. We here argue that institutional designs for such efforts need to account for human behavior. The voyage of the Titanic serves as an analogous case to learn from, and we use behavioral insights to identify critical aspects of human behavior that serve as barriers or opportunities for addressing the challenges we face. We identify a set of public goods that may help us mitigate identified negative aspects of human behavior, while leveraging the positive aspects: standards and best practices, mechanisms for large-scale coordination, and curation of information to raise awareness and promote action. We use existing international organizations, providing at least one of these capacities, as cases to learn from before applying our insights to existing institutional solutions for global environmental protection. We identify institutional design features that, if adapted to better account for human behavior, could lead to more effective institutional solutions.
应对环境退化需要全球合作。在此,我们认为,这些努力的制度设计需要考虑人类行为。泰坦尼克号的航行是一个值得借鉴的类似案例,我们利用行为学的洞察力来识别人类行为的关键方面,这些方面既是应对我们面临的挑战的障碍,也是机遇。我们确定了一系列公共产品,它们可以帮助我们减轻人类行为的消极方面,同时利用其积极方面:标准和最佳实践、大规模协调机制以及信息整理,以提高认识和促进行动。在将我们的见解应用于现有的全球环境保护机构解决方案之前,我们利用现有的国际组织作为学习案例,这些组织至少具备其中一种能力。我们确定了机构设计的特点,如果这些特点能够更好地考虑到人类行为,就能产生更有效的机构解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
Aspirations versus adaptive achievements in the face of climate change in Sri Lanka 斯里兰卡面对气候变化的愿望与适应成就
Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1038/s44168-024-00137-x
Julia van den Berg, Bishawjit Mallick
This research explores the linkages between threat perception and adaptive behaviour in the face of climate change in Galle, Sri Lanka. We use an analytical framework to analyse the complexity of aspiration versus adaptive practices, centring around the synthesis of threat perception, vulnerability, adaptive capacity and livelihood resilience. Our findings reveal that individual threat perception incentivises climate adaptation strategies, bolstering livelihood resilience. However, unfavourable societal circumstances affecting the participants significantly impede the implementation of these resilience strategies. In addition to a knowledge gap and lack of climate change awareness in popular discourse, we observe a conspicuous discrepancy between individual aspirations and adaptive capacity with the ongoing economic crisis and the need for governmental climate legislation at the time of research. This research, therefore, emphasises a nuanced approach to researching climate change adaptation, considering the gravity of societal circumstances that delimit how individuals can engage in livelihood resilience strategies.
本研究探讨了斯里兰卡加勒面对气候变化时威胁感知与适应行为之间的联系。我们使用一个分析框架,围绕威胁感、脆弱性、适应能力和生计复原力的综合,分析愿望与适应实践的复杂性。我们的研究结果表明,个人的威胁感会激励人们采取气候适应战略,从而增强生计复原力。然而,影响参与者的不利社会环境极大地阻碍了这些恢复策略的实施。除了知识差距和大众话语中缺乏气候变化意识之外,我们还观察到个人愿望和适应能力与持续的经济危机以及研究时政府气候立法的需求之间存在明显差异。因此,本研究强调采用细致入微的方法来研究气候变化适应问题,同时考虑到社会环境的严重性,这些环境限制了个人参与生计恢复战略的方式。
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引用次数: 0
Techno-productive experiences for climate action in Argentina: Insights from renewable energy projects 阿根廷气候行动的技术生产经验:可再生能源项目的启示
Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1038/s44168-024-00134-0
Eliana Celeste Canafoglia
The main purpose of this research is to analyze techno-productive experiences within the framework of renewable energy projects based on the use and exploitation of solar energy in a region defined by favorable bioclimatic conditions. Following a primarily qualitative method, the research has been based on four case studies of working groups and their experiences. Stakeholders from diverse origin and background, interested in developing their technologies (processes, inputs, components, equipment) for the use of solar energy have managed to enhance the links among such developments, the productive sector and the communities in the territorial area where they carry out their activities. As a possible path of sociotechnical transition, these specific processes materialize energy transition with the progressive change of production and consumption patterns in favor of climate action.
这项研究的主要目的是分析可再生能源项目框架内的技术生产经验,这些项目的基础是在生物气候条件优越的地区利用和开发太阳能。研究主要采用定性方法,以四个工作组及其经验的案例研究为基础。来自不同地区和背景的利益相关者对开发利用太阳能的技术(工艺、投入、部件、设备)感兴趣,并设法加强这些开发、生产部门和他们开展活动的地区的社区之间的联系。作为社会技术转型的一个可能途径,这些具体进程实现了能源转型,逐步改变生产和消费模式,以利于气候行动。
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引用次数: 0
Implementing EU energy and climate governance: Germany and Sweden as frontrunners? 实施欧盟能源和气候治理:德国和瑞典是领跑者?
Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1038/s44168-024-00125-1
Marie Byskov Lindberg, Jørgen Wettestad
A core element in the EU’s Governance regulation (Regulation 2018/1999) is the regular production of National Energy and Climate Plans (NECPs). The process involves a dialog with the European Commission intended to lead to changed and improved plans. This new policy mechanism has been characterised as ‘harder soft governance’. Although member states are not obliged to specify binding targets for renewables and energy efficiency, they must report their contribution to fulfilling the overall European target. Furthermore, they must develop a plan for how to reach these contributions (the NECP). In this article we discuss NECP implementation in the first round of establishing NECPs in two traditional climate-policy frontrunners in the EU: Germany and Sweden. A key finding is that both countries did not perceive the NECP process as particularly important for national policy-making. Central targets and measures were mainly based on policies developed independently of the Governance Regulation. However, interaction with the Commission was more important for ‘reluctant’ Sweden than ‘Governance supporter’ Germany. Our study shows that both countries eventually produced the required contributions and plans, lending support to the argument that this new regulation has some ‘harder soft governance’ elements that will influence member states.
欧盟治理条例(第 2018/1999 号条例)的核心内容之一是定期制定国家能源和气候计划(NECP)。这一过程涉及与欧盟委员会的对话,旨在修改和完善计划。这种新的政策机制被称为 "硬软治理"。虽然成员国没有义务规定可再生能源和能源效率的约束性目标,但它们必须报告其对实现欧洲总体目标的贡献。此外,它们还必须就如何实现这些贡献制定计划(NECP)。在本文中,我们将讨论欧盟两个传统的气候政策领跑者在制定 NECP 的第一轮中的 NECP 实施情况:德国和瑞典。一个重要发现是,这两个国家都不认为国家气候经济政策进程对国家决策特别重要。中央目标和措施主要基于独立于管理条例制定的政策。然而,对于 "不情愿 "的瑞典来说,与委员会的互动比 "支持治理 "的德国更为重要。我们的研究表明,这两个国家最终都制定了所需的贡献和计划,从而支持了这一论点,即这一新法规具有一些 "更难的软性治理 "要素,将对成员国产生影响。
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引用次数: 0
Climate action and the vantage point of imagined futures: a scenario-based conversation 气候行动与想象未来的有利位置:基于情景的对话
Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1038/s44168-024-00123-3
Matthew Finch, Malka Older, Marie Mahon, David Robertson
This paper is a structured dialogue between its four authors on the question “How might future scenarios nourish our thinking about climate action?” A scenario set for the future of European regional inequality in the year 2048, developed by the Horizon Europe funded IMAJINE programme, is used as the prism for this conversation. Each author has a distinct disciplinary and professional background, and initially approaches the question from their own angle. These individual explorations encompass: the nature of climate change and our understanding of it in each IMAJINE scenario; questions of risk and responsibility now and in times to come; the use of scenarios to identify current blind spots and stimulate creative thinking; and the possibility that scenarios might offer fresh perspectives which allow us to reevaluate our notions of the sustainable “good life” and identify vulnerabilities which are overlooked in the present day. The second part of the paper comprises reflections on these individual contributions, with the authors pairing off so that two authors comment on the inputs by the other two, and vice versa. This exemplifies the polyphonic and discursive nature of scenarios, understood as “the art of strategic conversation”. The concluding comments reflect on the wider ability of readers, writers, and researchers to use scenario processes and structured conversations like those in this paper to sustain open spaces of mutual uncertainty, exploration, and generation.
本文是四位作者就 "未来情景如何促进我们对气候行动的思考?由欧洲地平线计划(Horizon Europe)资助的 IMAJINE 项目为 2048 年欧洲地区不平等的未来设定了一个情景,并将其作为对话的多棱镜。每位作者都有不同的学科和专业背景,最初都从各自的角度来探讨这个问题。这些个人探索包括:气候变化的性质以及我们在每个 IMAJINE 情景中对气候变化的理解;现在和未来时代的风险和责任问题;利用情景找出当前的盲点并激发创造性思维;情景可能提供新的视角,让我们重新评估可持续 "美好生活 "的概念,并找出当今被忽视的薄弱环节。论文的第二部分包括对这些个人贡献的反思,作者们结成对子,由两位作者对另两位作者的意见进行评论,反之亦然。这体现了情景设计的多声部和话语性质,被理解为 "战略对话的艺术"。最后的评论反映了读者、作者和研究人员更广泛的能力,即利用情景程序和结构化对话(如本文中的对话)来维持相互不确定性、探索和生成的开放空间。
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引用次数: 0
The challenge of abstaining in a culture of action points 在行动要点文化中弃权的挑战
Pub Date : 2024-06-28 DOI: 10.1038/s44168-024-00138-w
Nina Wormbs, Elina Eriksson, Maria Wolrath Söderberg, Maria Dahlin
Behavioural change is necessary in order to reach a sustainable society. Sometimes this will translate into doing less and it is likely that we need to stop some things entirely. We lay out the multiple challenges of making the act of abstaining count. The issue is partly philosophical - we ask ourselves how to intellectually and semantically frame abstaining; partly practical – how can we count abstaining? It concerns a broader understanding of modernity and interrogates the ideas of progress and growth, technological change, and innovation. Abstaining will also be a moving target as expectations and demands shift over time.
为了实现可持续发展的社会,行为改变是必要的。有时,这将转化为少做事,我们很可能需要完全停止某些事情。我们提出了让弃权行为有意义的多重挑战。这个问题部分是哲学问题--我们自问如何从知识和语义上为弃权行为定格;部分是实践问题--我们如何计算弃权行为?它涉及对现代性更广泛的理解,并拷问进步与增长、技术变革与创新的理念。随着期望和要求的不断变化,弃权也将是一个不断变化的目标。
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引用次数: 0
How tailored climate information affects attitudes towards climate policy and psychological distance of climate change 量身定制的气候信息如何影响对气候政策的态度和气候变化的心理距离
Pub Date : 2024-06-28 DOI: 10.1038/s44168-024-00136-y
Mira Hulkkonen, Tero Mielonen, Saara Leppänen, Anton Laakso, Harri Kokkola
How does personally tailored climate impact information affect attitudes towards climate policy paths? We developed an online tool to depict the outcomes of downscaled climate models and a personalised vulnerability estimate. A survey representing Finnish public was conducted to find out the attitudes towards climate policies and psychological distance of climate change among different demographic groups before and after using the tool. We found that tailored information increases knowledge on climate impacts, but the effect on policy attitudes depends on demographic attributes (especially age and income) and related personal vulnerability. After using the tool, the respondents’ confidence in their knowledge increased and the potential of climate policies to alleviate changes in the environment was perceived as higher. Most respondents perceived climate impacts as spatially proximal, while temporally and socially there was more variation. For those with low vulnerability levels, climate impacts appeared as more distant after obtaining tailored information.
个人定制的气候影响信息如何影响人们对气候政策路径的态度?我们开发了一个在线工具,用于描述降尺度气候模型的结果和个性化的脆弱性评估。我们对芬兰公众进行了一项调查,以了解不同人口群体在使用该工具前后对气候政策的态度以及对气候变化的心理距离。我们发现,量身定制的信息增加了人们对气候影响的了解,但对政策态度的影响取决于人口属性(尤其是年龄和收入)以及相关的个人脆弱性。使用该工具后,受访者对自身知识的信心增强了,对气候政策缓解环境变化的潜力也有了更高的认识。大多数受访者认为气候影响在空间上是近似的,而在时间和社会方面则存在更多差异。对于脆弱性水平较低的受访者来说,在获得有针对性的信息后,气候影响显得更加遥远。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
npj Climate Action
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