In the present work, an investigation on the influence of the chemical environment on the sedimentation behaviour of bentonite suspensions is performed with particular reference to the effect of lime addition on the clay particle arrangement. The role of lime content, cation valence and source of calcium ions is considered in the experimental work. At the microscale, particle interaction is analysed by means of zeta potential measurements. Soil fabric formation during sedimentation and its physical properties are inferred from dynamic light scattering measurements, sedimentation tests and Atterberg limits. The addition of cations to pore water promotes the flocculation of montmorillonite particles favouring the formation of particle aggregates, whose dimension depends on ion valence and concentration. The final height of sediments reflects the combined effect of the mutual interactions among particles and the development of secondary phases due to pozzolanic reactions. The influence of clay mineralogy and its effects on the physical properties of lime-treated bentonite is highlighted by comparison with experimental evidence on lime-treated kaolin.
{"title":"Influence of Pore Water Chemistry on Particle Association and Physical Properties of Lime-Treated Bentonite","authors":"Enza Vitale, Dimitri Deneele, Giacomo Russo","doi":"10.3390/min14080795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/min14080795","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work, an investigation on the influence of the chemical environment on the sedimentation behaviour of bentonite suspensions is performed with particular reference to the effect of lime addition on the clay particle arrangement. The role of lime content, cation valence and source of calcium ions is considered in the experimental work. At the microscale, particle interaction is analysed by means of zeta potential measurements. Soil fabric formation during sedimentation and its physical properties are inferred from dynamic light scattering measurements, sedimentation tests and Atterberg limits. The addition of cations to pore water promotes the flocculation of montmorillonite particles favouring the formation of particle aggregates, whose dimension depends on ion valence and concentration. The final height of sediments reflects the combined effect of the mutual interactions among particles and the development of secondary phases due to pozzolanic reactions. The influence of clay mineralogy and its effects on the physical properties of lime-treated bentonite is highlighted by comparison with experimental evidence on lime-treated kaolin.","PeriodicalId":18601,"journal":{"name":"Minerals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141881853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shoujing Wang, Deshui Yu, Chi Ma, Fushuai Wei, Haiqi Zhang
A purification process including flotation separation, acid leaching, calcination, and water quenching was conducted to obtain high-purity quartz sand. The surface morphology of the quartz after flotation separation, acid leaching, calcination, and water quenching reveals that the cracks, pits, and cavities on the quartz surface can be deepened and enlarged, and the more fluid inclusions, the greater the number and openness of cracks, pits, and cavities. The specific surface area is positively correlated with the number of cracks, pits, and cavities, the opacity of quartz glass, and the number of bubbles in quartz glass. The results of Raman spectroscopy analysis reveal that the bubbles in quartz glass are composed of nitrogen, which excludes the possibility of bubble formation in quartz glass caused by the gas composition (i.e., H2O) of unburst fluid inclusions in quartz sand. The formation of bubbles in quartz glass is more likely to be related to a high specific surface area and porosity, which increase the surface adsorption performance of quartz and contribute to the adsorption of more gas. The presented results suggest that using these methods to reduce the content of fluid inclusions in quartz cannot effectively solve the problem of bubbles in quartz glass, and using quartz raw materials with no or minor fluid inclusions is still the key to ensuring the quality of quartz products.
{"title":"A New Insight into the Influence of Fluid Inclusions in High-Purity Quartz Sand on the Bubble Defects in Quartz Glass: A Case Study from Vein Quartz in the Dabie Mountain","authors":"Shoujing Wang, Deshui Yu, Chi Ma, Fushuai Wei, Haiqi Zhang","doi":"10.3390/min14080794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/min14080794","url":null,"abstract":"A purification process including flotation separation, acid leaching, calcination, and water quenching was conducted to obtain high-purity quartz sand. The surface morphology of the quartz after flotation separation, acid leaching, calcination, and water quenching reveals that the cracks, pits, and cavities on the quartz surface can be deepened and enlarged, and the more fluid inclusions, the greater the number and openness of cracks, pits, and cavities. The specific surface area is positively correlated with the number of cracks, pits, and cavities, the opacity of quartz glass, and the number of bubbles in quartz glass. The results of Raman spectroscopy analysis reveal that the bubbles in quartz glass are composed of nitrogen, which excludes the possibility of bubble formation in quartz glass caused by the gas composition (i.e., H2O) of unburst fluid inclusions in quartz sand. The formation of bubbles in quartz glass is more likely to be related to a high specific surface area and porosity, which increase the surface adsorption performance of quartz and contribute to the adsorption of more gas. The presented results suggest that using these methods to reduce the content of fluid inclusions in quartz cannot effectively solve the problem of bubbles in quartz glass, and using quartz raw materials with no or minor fluid inclusions is still the key to ensuring the quality of quartz products.","PeriodicalId":18601,"journal":{"name":"Minerals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141881852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yunlou Qian, Mengyao Zhou, Yongde Zhang, Sayfidin Safarov, Zhen Wang
The aim of the study was to compare the effects and mechanism of tetrasodium pyrophosphate (TSPP) and sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) as dispersants on the selective flotation of arsenopyrite from muscovite. The results of single-mineral flotation showed that the recovery of arsenopyrite was 81.4% when no dispersant was added. The recovery of arsenopyrite slightly decreased with increasing dosage of TSPP. When the dosage of STPP was 6 × 10−5 mol/L, the recovery of arsenopyrite was only 28.6%. Neither of the dispersants had significant influence on the muscovite flotation (<10%). However, in a mixed-mineral system, the recovery of arsenopyrite dropped significantly, and then under the action of dispersants, its recovery back up. The RPM results showed that the dispersion effect of TSPP was superior to that of STPP. The electrokinetic potential showed that the potential change value of muscovite with TSPP was −17.37 mV, while that of muscovite with STPP was −8.33 mV (pH = 8). The adsorption of TSPP onto muscovite was stronger than that of STPP. FTIR and XPS analysis confirmed that dispersants exhibited chemical adsorption with the Al atoms on muscovite and that dispersant STPP exhibited stonger adsorption than TSPP on arsenopyrite, which was consistent with flotation experiments.
{"title":"Comparative Study on the Effect of Pyrophosphate and Tripolyphosphate on the Flotation Separation of Arsenopyrite and Muscovite","authors":"Yunlou Qian, Mengyao Zhou, Yongde Zhang, Sayfidin Safarov, Zhen Wang","doi":"10.3390/min14080785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/min14080785","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to compare the effects and mechanism of tetrasodium pyrophosphate (TSPP) and sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) as dispersants on the selective flotation of arsenopyrite from muscovite. The results of single-mineral flotation showed that the recovery of arsenopyrite was 81.4% when no dispersant was added. The recovery of arsenopyrite slightly decreased with increasing dosage of TSPP. When the dosage of STPP was 6 × 10−5 mol/L, the recovery of arsenopyrite was only 28.6%. Neither of the dispersants had significant influence on the muscovite flotation (<10%). However, in a mixed-mineral system, the recovery of arsenopyrite dropped significantly, and then under the action of dispersants, its recovery back up. The RPM results showed that the dispersion effect of TSPP was superior to that of STPP. The electrokinetic potential showed that the potential change value of muscovite with TSPP was −17.37 mV, while that of muscovite with STPP was −8.33 mV (pH = 8). The adsorption of TSPP onto muscovite was stronger than that of STPP. FTIR and XPS analysis confirmed that dispersants exhibited chemical adsorption with the Al atoms on muscovite and that dispersant STPP exhibited stonger adsorption than TSPP on arsenopyrite, which was consistent with flotation experiments.","PeriodicalId":18601,"journal":{"name":"Minerals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141873033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shuchen Qin, Biwen Yang, Derek O. Northwood, Kristian E. Waters, Hao Ma
The high-temperature roasting/smelting process of copper and zinc concentrates will cause the mercury in the concentrate to evaporate into the flue gas, and most of the mercury in the flue gas will eventually enter the waste acid in its ionic form. A highly efficient mercury removal agent M201 with long carbon chains and loaded active functional groups can adsorb and disperse fine particles for mercury removal in the system. Through bridging, the linear structure is woven into a network to achieve large-scale capture and dispersion of fine particles and colloidal substances. The recommended operating conditions for developing mercury deep purification technology are as follows: M201 reagent concentration of 50 g/L, 6 mL/L added acid solution, room temperature, mixing time of 5 min, air flotation time of 10 min, ventilation rate of 0.1 L/min, H2SO4 concentration of 33.67 g/L, and the residual mercury content of 2 mg/L (the mercury content reaches 0.01 mg/L after two-stage mercury removal treatment). Meanwhile, the residual arsenic content is 21.9 mg/L. This study shows a better separation of arsenic and mercury and achieves one-step mercury removal.
{"title":"The Deep Removal of Mercury in Contaminated Acid by Colloidal Agglomeration Materials M201","authors":"Shuchen Qin, Biwen Yang, Derek O. Northwood, Kristian E. Waters, Hao Ma","doi":"10.3390/min14080782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/min14080782","url":null,"abstract":"The high-temperature roasting/smelting process of copper and zinc concentrates will cause the mercury in the concentrate to evaporate into the flue gas, and most of the mercury in the flue gas will eventually enter the waste acid in its ionic form. A highly efficient mercury removal agent M201 with long carbon chains and loaded active functional groups can adsorb and disperse fine particles for mercury removal in the system. Through bridging, the linear structure is woven into a network to achieve large-scale capture and dispersion of fine particles and colloidal substances. The recommended operating conditions for developing mercury deep purification technology are as follows: M201 reagent concentration of 50 g/L, 6 mL/L added acid solution, room temperature, mixing time of 5 min, air flotation time of 10 min, ventilation rate of 0.1 L/min, H2SO4 concentration of 33.67 g/L, and the residual mercury content of 2 mg/L (the mercury content reaches 0.01 mg/L after two-stage mercury removal treatment). Meanwhile, the residual arsenic content is 21.9 mg/L. This study shows a better separation of arsenic and mercury and achieves one-step mercury removal.","PeriodicalId":18601,"journal":{"name":"Minerals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141873133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vesna Conić, Miloš Janošević, Dragana S. Božić, Ljiljana Avramović, Ivana Jovanović, Dejan M. Bugarin, Stefan Đorđievski
The present paper describes the technological solution for obtaining Cu, Zn, Pb, and Ag from jarosite waste raw material, with its simultaneous separation from In and Fe. By roasting at low temperatures, iron was transformed from the Fe2(SO4)3 form into Fe2O3, which is insoluble in water and slightly soluble in acid. Copper sulfate and zinc sulfate are present in jarosite as sulfates. During temperature roasting, the copper and zinc were still in the form of CuSO4 and ZnSO4, i.e., they were easily dissolved in water. This procedure led to good selectivity of Cu and Zn compared to Fe. After water leaching, PbSO4 and Ag2SO4 remained in the solid residue. By treating jarosite with a content of 0.7% Cu, 5.39% Zn, and 5.68% Pb, products of commercial quality were obtained. By roasting jarosite in an electric furnace and leaching the roasted sample in water, leaching degrees of 91.07%, 91.97%, and 9.60% were obtained for Cu, Zn, and Fe, respectively. Using 1 M NaOH in the leaching solution, 99.93% Fe was precipitated to pH = 4. Cu in the form of CuSO4 was further treated by cementation with Zn, after which cement copper was obtained as a commercial product. Zn in the form of ZnSO4 was further treated by precipitation with Na2CO3 to obtain ZnCO3 concentrate of commercial grade. The total recovery of Pb and Ag, which were treated by chloride leaching, was 96.05% and 87.5%, respectively. The resulting NaPbCl3 solution was further treated with Na2CO3 solution, whereby PbCO3 was obtained as a commercial product. The produced PbCO3 could be further subjected to roasting to obtain soluble PbO. In these investigations, PbCO3 was smelted where a Pb anode was obtained; this was electrolytically refined to a Pb cathode. The proposed process does not pollute the environment with As and Cd.
{"title":"Copper, Zinc, and Lead Recovery from Jarosite Pb–Ag Tailings Waste (Part 2)","authors":"Vesna Conić, Miloš Janošević, Dragana S. Božić, Ljiljana Avramović, Ivana Jovanović, Dejan M. Bugarin, Stefan Đorđievski","doi":"10.3390/min14080791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/min14080791","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper describes the technological solution for obtaining Cu, Zn, Pb, and Ag from jarosite waste raw material, with its simultaneous separation from In and Fe. By roasting at low temperatures, iron was transformed from the Fe2(SO4)3 form into Fe2O3, which is insoluble in water and slightly soluble in acid. Copper sulfate and zinc sulfate are present in jarosite as sulfates. During temperature roasting, the copper and zinc were still in the form of CuSO4 and ZnSO4, i.e., they were easily dissolved in water. This procedure led to good selectivity of Cu and Zn compared to Fe. After water leaching, PbSO4 and Ag2SO4 remained in the solid residue. By treating jarosite with a content of 0.7% Cu, 5.39% Zn, and 5.68% Pb, products of commercial quality were obtained. By roasting jarosite in an electric furnace and leaching the roasted sample in water, leaching degrees of 91.07%, 91.97%, and 9.60% were obtained for Cu, Zn, and Fe, respectively. Using 1 M NaOH in the leaching solution, 99.93% Fe was precipitated to pH = 4. Cu in the form of CuSO4 was further treated by cementation with Zn, after which cement copper was obtained as a commercial product. Zn in the form of ZnSO4 was further treated by precipitation with Na2CO3 to obtain ZnCO3 concentrate of commercial grade. The total recovery of Pb and Ag, which were treated by chloride leaching, was 96.05% and 87.5%, respectively. The resulting NaPbCl3 solution was further treated with Na2CO3 solution, whereby PbCO3 was obtained as a commercial product. The produced PbCO3 could be further subjected to roasting to obtain soluble PbO. In these investigations, PbCO3 was smelted where a Pb anode was obtained; this was electrolytically refined to a Pb cathode. The proposed process does not pollute the environment with As and Cd.","PeriodicalId":18601,"journal":{"name":"Minerals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141864746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vanessa N. S. Campos, Josefa D. J. P. Santos, Rebecca J. P. Araújo, Pedro H. S. Lopes, Marco A. S. Garcia, Alex Rojas, Mayara M. Teixeira, Cícero W. B. Bezerra, Ana C. S. Alcântara
Ciprofloxacin, a second-generation fluoroquinolone, is widely used in human and veterinary medicine. However, it is known for its environmental persistence and ability to promote bacterial resistance, causing genotoxic impacts and chronic toxicity in various aquatic life forms. Adsorption is an effective technique for water treatment, removing multiple organic molecules, even in minimal concentrations. Hybrid materials based on fibrous clay minerals, such as palygorskite, are promising for environmental remediation, significantly when modified with oxides to improve their adsorption properties. This work prepared and characterized a CeO2/palygorskite hybrid material using various physicochemical techniques (XRD, FTIR, BET, SEM), which indicated the formation of the heterostructure material with interesting textural properties. This CeO2/palygorskite was evaluated as an adsorbent of the antibiotic drug ciprofloxacin. The influence of pH (3, 7, and 9) and ciprofloxacin concentration (6, 8, 10, and 14 ppm) on adsorption were studied, using pseudo-first- and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The pseudo-second-order model showed the best fit (R2 > 0.99) and the lowest squared error (SSE), indicating chemisorption. The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherms were applied to the experimental data, where the Langmuir model had the best fit, indicating monolayer adsorption with a maximum capacity of 15 mg·g−1. Post-adsorption characterization by FTIR confirmed the structural stability of the material, highlighting its promising application in environmental remediation due to its high concentration of adsorbents.
{"title":"High Performance of Ciprofloxacin Removal Using Heterostructure Material Based on the Combination of CeO2 and Palygorskite Fibrous Clay","authors":"Vanessa N. S. Campos, Josefa D. J. P. Santos, Rebecca J. P. Araújo, Pedro H. S. Lopes, Marco A. S. Garcia, Alex Rojas, Mayara M. Teixeira, Cícero W. B. Bezerra, Ana C. S. Alcântara","doi":"10.3390/min14080792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/min14080792","url":null,"abstract":"Ciprofloxacin, a second-generation fluoroquinolone, is widely used in human and veterinary medicine. However, it is known for its environmental persistence and ability to promote bacterial resistance, causing genotoxic impacts and chronic toxicity in various aquatic life forms. Adsorption is an effective technique for water treatment, removing multiple organic molecules, even in minimal concentrations. Hybrid materials based on fibrous clay minerals, such as palygorskite, are promising for environmental remediation, significantly when modified with oxides to improve their adsorption properties. This work prepared and characterized a CeO2/palygorskite hybrid material using various physicochemical techniques (XRD, FTIR, BET, SEM), which indicated the formation of the heterostructure material with interesting textural properties. This CeO2/palygorskite was evaluated as an adsorbent of the antibiotic drug ciprofloxacin. The influence of pH (3, 7, and 9) and ciprofloxacin concentration (6, 8, 10, and 14 ppm) on adsorption were studied, using pseudo-first- and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The pseudo-second-order model showed the best fit (R2 > 0.99) and the lowest squared error (SSE), indicating chemisorption. The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherms were applied to the experimental data, where the Langmuir model had the best fit, indicating monolayer adsorption with a maximum capacity of 15 mg·g−1. Post-adsorption characterization by FTIR confirmed the structural stability of the material, highlighting its promising application in environmental remediation due to its high concentration of adsorbents.","PeriodicalId":18601,"journal":{"name":"Minerals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141873136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Usually, deep oil and gas accumulation is often controlled by strike–slip faults. However, in the Tarim Basin, deep Ordovician oil and gas accumulations are also found in areas far from the fault zone. The process of oil and gas accumulation in deep reservoirs far from strike–slip fault zones is still unclear at present. The source and evolution of Ordovician fluids were analyzed using inclusion geochemical methods and the U–Pb dating technique. The analysis of rare earth elements and carbon–oxygen–strontium isotopes in the reservoirs showed that the reservoirs were weakly modified by diagenetic fluid. The fluid was derived from the fluid formation during the same period as the seawater, and no oxidizing fluid invaded the reservoir. The late oil and gas reservoirs had good sealing properties. The U–Pb dating results combined with homogenization temperature data revealed that the first-stage oil was charged during the Late Caledonian Period, and the second-stage natural gas was charged during the Middle Yanshanian Period. The evolution of the paleo-pressure showed that the charging of natural gas in the Middle Yanshanian was the main reason for the formation of reservoir overpressure. The strike–slip fault zone was basically inactive in the Middle Yanshanian. During this period, the charged natural gas mainly migrated to the reservoir along the unconformity surface and the open strike–slip fault zone in the upper part of the Ordovician reservoir. The source of the fluid shows that the reservoir in the late stage had good sealing properties, and there was no intrusion of exogenous fluid. The overpressure in the reservoir is well preserved at present.
{"title":"Hydrocarbon Accumulation and Overpressure Evolution in Deep–Ultradeep Reservoirs in the Case of the Guole Area of the Tarim Basin","authors":"Zhanfeng Qiao, Tianfu Zhang, Ruyue Wang, Yahao Huang, Yifan Xue, Jiajun Chen, Haonan Tian, Anjiang Shen, Chunsong Si","doi":"10.3390/min14080790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/min14080790","url":null,"abstract":"Usually, deep oil and gas accumulation is often controlled by strike–slip faults. However, in the Tarim Basin, deep Ordovician oil and gas accumulations are also found in areas far from the fault zone. The process of oil and gas accumulation in deep reservoirs far from strike–slip fault zones is still unclear at present. The source and evolution of Ordovician fluids were analyzed using inclusion geochemical methods and the U–Pb dating technique. The analysis of rare earth elements and carbon–oxygen–strontium isotopes in the reservoirs showed that the reservoirs were weakly modified by diagenetic fluid. The fluid was derived from the fluid formation during the same period as the seawater, and no oxidizing fluid invaded the reservoir. The late oil and gas reservoirs had good sealing properties. The U–Pb dating results combined with homogenization temperature data revealed that the first-stage oil was charged during the Late Caledonian Period, and the second-stage natural gas was charged during the Middle Yanshanian Period. The evolution of the paleo-pressure showed that the charging of natural gas in the Middle Yanshanian was the main reason for the formation of reservoir overpressure. The strike–slip fault zone was basically inactive in the Middle Yanshanian. During this period, the charged natural gas mainly migrated to the reservoir along the unconformity surface and the open strike–slip fault zone in the upper part of the Ordovician reservoir. The source of the fluid shows that the reservoir in the late stage had good sealing properties, and there was no intrusion of exogenous fluid. The overpressure in the reservoir is well preserved at present.","PeriodicalId":18601,"journal":{"name":"Minerals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141864747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adel Kotb, Gaber M. Gaber, Hassan Alzahrani, Abdurraouf Okok, Mohammed H. Abd Elkhaliq, Alhussein Adham Basheer
Gold mining in Egypt’s Central Eastern Desert (ECED) has a rich history dating back to the Old Kingdom period. In recent years, there has been renewed interest from international mining companies, and several potential areas for gold mining have been identified. Extensive studies have been conducted on the deposition and occurrence of gold in the region, identifying over 100 areas of deposition. Aeromagnetic and radioactive surveys have played a crucial role in locating gold occurrences in ECED by utilizing data from these techniques to identify potential gold deposits. This study utilized geophysical data, including total aeromagnetic intensity (TM) and radiometric data, to identify hydrothermal zones and locate potential areas of gold occurrence. The radiometric ternary map was used to refine the search for gold deposits. Magnetic data were analyzed using edge detection tools to determine the structural framework of the area, facilitating the identification of regions with a high potential for gold occurrence. By integrating these geophysical datasets, this study provided a comprehensive understanding of the geological features and potential for gold mineralization in the study area. The area is divided into four sections by three shear zones, with high magnetic anomalies observed in the southeastern part. The radiometric data revealed that gold occurrence is associated with hydrothermal alteration zones, identified using the K/Th ratio and radiometric ternary map. However, not all these zones contain gold, and the area’s structure and magnetic suitability must be considered when selecting suitable locations for gold extraction. The study area presents a promising opportunity for gold exploration, with the integration of edge detection and radiometric analysis being crucial in identifying suitable locations for exploration.
{"title":"Unearthing Egypt’s Golden Legacy: Geophysical Insights and New Opportunities in the Central Eastern Desert","authors":"Adel Kotb, Gaber M. Gaber, Hassan Alzahrani, Abdurraouf Okok, Mohammed H. Abd Elkhaliq, Alhussein Adham Basheer","doi":"10.3390/min14080787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/min14080787","url":null,"abstract":"Gold mining in Egypt’s Central Eastern Desert (ECED) has a rich history dating back to the Old Kingdom period. In recent years, there has been renewed interest from international mining companies, and several potential areas for gold mining have been identified. Extensive studies have been conducted on the deposition and occurrence of gold in the region, identifying over 100 areas of deposition. Aeromagnetic and radioactive surveys have played a crucial role in locating gold occurrences in ECED by utilizing data from these techniques to identify potential gold deposits. This study utilized geophysical data, including total aeromagnetic intensity (TM) and radiometric data, to identify hydrothermal zones and locate potential areas of gold occurrence. The radiometric ternary map was used to refine the search for gold deposits. Magnetic data were analyzed using edge detection tools to determine the structural framework of the area, facilitating the identification of regions with a high potential for gold occurrence. By integrating these geophysical datasets, this study provided a comprehensive understanding of the geological features and potential for gold mineralization in the study area. The area is divided into four sections by three shear zones, with high magnetic anomalies observed in the southeastern part. The radiometric data revealed that gold occurrence is associated with hydrothermal alteration zones, identified using the K/Th ratio and radiometric ternary map. However, not all these zones contain gold, and the area’s structure and magnetic suitability must be considered when selecting suitable locations for gold extraction. The study area presents a promising opportunity for gold exploration, with the integration of edge detection and radiometric analysis being crucial in identifying suitable locations for exploration.","PeriodicalId":18601,"journal":{"name":"Minerals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141864751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elaine M. L. Loureiro, Paulo T. L. Menezes, Pedro V. Zalán, Monica Heilbron
The Parecis Basin, one of Brazil’s most extensive intracratonic basins, holds significant potential for hydrocarbon exploration. Despite its vast size, Parecis has yet to be extensively explored, with only five wildcat wells drilled. So far, no commercial discoveries have been announced. Regional studies have suggested Paleozoic sedimentation, while recent analyses have revealed a Neoproterozoic infill. Its tectonic model is still a matter of debate, and to date, no detailed structural map for the whole basin has been published. The present work proposes a new detailed structural map of the Parecis Basin based on a four-step interpretation workflow integrating seismic and gravimetric data. The first step includes converting the public 2D seismic lines to the depth domain. The second step is estimating the residual Bouguer anomaly, where the computed residual anomalies should relate to the basin’s tectonic features. The third step comprises the 2D forward modeling of the gravimetric anomalies using the 2D seismic interpretation as a constraint. The final step compiled all the interpreted features into our new structural map. This map reveals the top of the basement, forming a complex framework of horsts and grabens. Normal faults define the main structural style in the basin. Further, we could recognize thick, high-density bodies embedded in the crystalline basement. These bodies consist of Orosian–Calimian (1.8–1.6 Ga) mafic and ultramafic rocks, which may be a potential source for hydrogen exploration in the basin. Subsequent geophysical and geochemical surveys will assess the hydrogen potential in the area.
{"title":"The Tectonic Framework of Parecis Basin: Insights from a Multiphysics Interpretation Workflow","authors":"Elaine M. L. Loureiro, Paulo T. L. Menezes, Pedro V. Zalán, Monica Heilbron","doi":"10.3390/min14080783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/min14080783","url":null,"abstract":"The Parecis Basin, one of Brazil’s most extensive intracratonic basins, holds significant potential for hydrocarbon exploration. Despite its vast size, Parecis has yet to be extensively explored, with only five wildcat wells drilled. So far, no commercial discoveries have been announced. Regional studies have suggested Paleozoic sedimentation, while recent analyses have revealed a Neoproterozoic infill. Its tectonic model is still a matter of debate, and to date, no detailed structural map for the whole basin has been published. The present work proposes a new detailed structural map of the Parecis Basin based on a four-step interpretation workflow integrating seismic and gravimetric data. The first step includes converting the public 2D seismic lines to the depth domain. The second step is estimating the residual Bouguer anomaly, where the computed residual anomalies should relate to the basin’s tectonic features. The third step comprises the 2D forward modeling of the gravimetric anomalies using the 2D seismic interpretation as a constraint. The final step compiled all the interpreted features into our new structural map. This map reveals the top of the basement, forming a complex framework of horsts and grabens. Normal faults define the main structural style in the basin. Further, we could recognize thick, high-density bodies embedded in the crystalline basement. These bodies consist of Orosian–Calimian (1.8–1.6 Ga) mafic and ultramafic rocks, which may be a potential source for hydrogen exploration in the basin. Subsequent geophysical and geochemical surveys will assess the hydrogen potential in the area.","PeriodicalId":18601,"journal":{"name":"Minerals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141864741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cai Ma, Baochun Li, Jie Li, Peng Wang, Ji’en Dong, Zhaoyu Cui, Shunlong Yang
The discovery of a Cu-Ni sulfide deposit in Langmuri of the Eastern Kunlun Orogenic Belt holds significant geological implications. This study, based on the examination of the metallogenic geological body, metallogenic structure, and metallogenic process characteristics, suggests that the deposit is a magmatic Cu-Ni sulfide deposit formed in the collision of orogenic and post-extension processes of the Late Ordovician. The early mineralization of the deposit was primarily derived from the differentiation of sulfides in the mafic–ultramafic rock (450–439 Ma) of the Late Ordovician, while the late-stage mineralization underwent significant superimposed modification by the magmatic–hydrothermal activity of crustal-contaminated biotite granite (415 Ma). In addition, this article analyzes the measurements of the geochemical studies of sediments, and the magnetic and gravity measurements carried out in the area, focusing on the geochemical and geophysical anomaly characteristics in the study area, and selects favorable exploration areas, which have been confirmed to have multiple mineral bodies. By integrating comprehensive gravity, magnetic, induced polarization, and audio-frequency magnetotelluric profile measurements, this study analyzes delineated mineralized zones and the deep extensions of surface mineral bodies to assess deep mineralization potential and identify deep ore-finding targets. It suggests that diverse and scattered mafic–ultramafic complexes in the Langmuri mining area have a large-scale distribution of ore-bearing rocks in the deep. Through the analysis and inverse of the geophysical data, a deep mineralization predictive model was established in the basic–ultrabasic rock mass. The study presents prospects for the delineation of the deep-seated mineralization in the Langmuri deposit.
{"title":"Characteristics and Deep Mineralization Prediction of the Langmuri Copper–Nickel Sulfide Deposit in the Eastern Kunlun Orogenic Belt, China","authors":"Cai Ma, Baochun Li, Jie Li, Peng Wang, Ji’en Dong, Zhaoyu Cui, Shunlong Yang","doi":"10.3390/min14080786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/min14080786","url":null,"abstract":"The discovery of a Cu-Ni sulfide deposit in Langmuri of the Eastern Kunlun Orogenic Belt holds significant geological implications. This study, based on the examination of the metallogenic geological body, metallogenic structure, and metallogenic process characteristics, suggests that the deposit is a magmatic Cu-Ni sulfide deposit formed in the collision of orogenic and post-extension processes of the Late Ordovician. The early mineralization of the deposit was primarily derived from the differentiation of sulfides in the mafic–ultramafic rock (450–439 Ma) of the Late Ordovician, while the late-stage mineralization underwent significant superimposed modification by the magmatic–hydrothermal activity of crustal-contaminated biotite granite (415 Ma). In addition, this article analyzes the measurements of the geochemical studies of sediments, and the magnetic and gravity measurements carried out in the area, focusing on the geochemical and geophysical anomaly characteristics in the study area, and selects favorable exploration areas, which have been confirmed to have multiple mineral bodies. By integrating comprehensive gravity, magnetic, induced polarization, and audio-frequency magnetotelluric profile measurements, this study analyzes delineated mineralized zones and the deep extensions of surface mineral bodies to assess deep mineralization potential and identify deep ore-finding targets. It suggests that diverse and scattered mafic–ultramafic complexes in the Langmuri mining area have a large-scale distribution of ore-bearing rocks in the deep. Through the analysis and inverse of the geophysical data, a deep mineralization predictive model was established in the basic–ultrabasic rock mass. The study presents prospects for the delineation of the deep-seated mineralization in the Langmuri deposit.","PeriodicalId":18601,"journal":{"name":"Minerals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141864740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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