Pub Date : 2021-10-08DOI: 10.3390/electronicmat2040031
Ehsan Samimi-Sohrforozani, S. Azimi, A. Abolhasani, S. Malekian, S. Arbab, M. Zendehdel, M. M. Abolhasani, N. Yaghoobi Nia
Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers with unique properties are becoming increasingly important as precursors for the fabrication of carbon fibers. Here, we suggest the preparation of porous PAN composite fibers to increase the homogeneity and thermal stability of the fibers. Based on the thermodynamics of polymer solutions, the ternary phase diagram of the PAN/H2O/Dimethylformamide (DMF) system has been modeled to introduce porosity in the fibers. Adding a conscious amount of water (4.1 wt.%) as a non-solvent to the PAN solution containing 1 wt.% of graphene oxide (GO), followed by wet spinning, has led to the preparation of porous composite fibers with high thermal stability and unique physicochemical properties. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results elucidate that PAN/GO/H2O porous composite fibers have a higher thermal decomposition temperature, increased residual weight, reduced heat release rate, and higher crystallinity in comparison with the pristine PAN fibers, being a promising precursor for the development of high-performance carbon fibers. The results show a promising application window of the synthesized PAN fibers in electronic and electrochemical devices.
{"title":"Development of Porous Polyacrylonitrile Composite Fibers: New Precursor Fibers with High Thermal Stability","authors":"Ehsan Samimi-Sohrforozani, S. Azimi, A. Abolhasani, S. Malekian, S. Arbab, M. Zendehdel, M. M. Abolhasani, N. Yaghoobi Nia","doi":"10.3390/electronicmat2040031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronicmat2040031","url":null,"abstract":"Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers with unique properties are becoming increasingly important as precursors for the fabrication of carbon fibers. Here, we suggest the preparation of porous PAN composite fibers to increase the homogeneity and thermal stability of the fibers. Based on the thermodynamics of polymer solutions, the ternary phase diagram of the PAN/H2O/Dimethylformamide (DMF) system has been modeled to introduce porosity in the fibers. Adding a conscious amount of water (4.1 wt.%) as a non-solvent to the PAN solution containing 1 wt.% of graphene oxide (GO), followed by wet spinning, has led to the preparation of porous composite fibers with high thermal stability and unique physicochemical properties. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results elucidate that PAN/GO/H2O porous composite fibers have a higher thermal decomposition temperature, increased residual weight, reduced heat release rate, and higher crystallinity in comparison with the pristine PAN fibers, being a promising precursor for the development of high-performance carbon fibers. The results show a promising application window of the synthesized PAN fibers in electronic and electrochemical devices.","PeriodicalId":18610,"journal":{"name":"Modern Electronic Materials","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88264829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.3390/electronicmat2040030
Khaoula Ferchichi, Sébastien Pecqueur, D. Guérin, R. Bourguiga, K. Lmimouni
In this work, we demonstrate P3HT (poly 3-hexylthiophene) organic rectifier diode both in rigid and flexible substrate with a rectification ratio up to 106. This performance has been achieved through tuning the work function of gold with a self-assembled monolayer of 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzenethiol (PFBT). The diode fabricated on flexible paper substrate shows a very good electrical stability under bending tests and the frequency response is estimated at more than 20 MHz which is sufficient for radio frequency identification (RFID) applications. It is also shown that the low operating voltage of this diode can be a real advantage for use in a rectenna for energy harvesting systems. Simulations of the diode structure show that it can be used at GSM and Wi-Fi frequencies if the diode capacitance is reduced to a few pF and its series resistance to a few hundred ohms. Under these conditions, the DC voltages generated by the rectenna can reach a value up to 1 V.
{"title":"High Rectification Ratio in Polymer Diode Rectifier through Interface Engineering with Self-Assembled Monolayer","authors":"Khaoula Ferchichi, Sébastien Pecqueur, D. Guérin, R. Bourguiga, K. Lmimouni","doi":"10.3390/electronicmat2040030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronicmat2040030","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we demonstrate P3HT (poly 3-hexylthiophene) organic rectifier diode both in rigid and flexible substrate with a rectification ratio up to 106. This performance has been achieved through tuning the work function of gold with a self-assembled monolayer of 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzenethiol (PFBT). The diode fabricated on flexible paper substrate shows a very good electrical stability under bending tests and the frequency response is estimated at more than 20 MHz which is sufficient for radio frequency identification (RFID) applications. It is also shown that the low operating voltage of this diode can be a real advantage for use in a rectenna for energy harvesting systems. Simulations of the diode structure show that it can be used at GSM and Wi-Fi frequencies if the diode capacitance is reduced to a few pF and its series resistance to a few hundred ohms. Under these conditions, the DC voltages generated by the rectenna can reach a value up to 1 V.","PeriodicalId":18610,"journal":{"name":"Modern Electronic Materials","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83983252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.3897/j.moem.7.3.76277
J. Fedotova
Granular films containing Fe50Co50Zr10 alloy nanoparticles inside Pb0,81Sr0,04(Na0,5Bi0,5)0,15(Zr0,575Ti0,425)O3 (PZT) ferroelectric matrix possess a combination of functional magnetic and electrical properties which can be efficiently controlled by means of external electric or magnetic fields. The formation of the required granular structure in PZT matrix is only possible if synthesis is carried out in an oxygen-containing atmosphere leading to substantial oxidation of metallic nanoparticles. Thus an important task is to study the oxidation degree of metallic nanoparticles depending on synthesis conditions and the effect of forming phases on the electrical properties of the films. The relationship between the structural and phase state and electrical properties of granular FeCoZr)x (PZT)100-x films (30 ≤ x ≤ 85 at.%) synthesized in an oxygen-containing atmosphere at the oxygen pressure PO in a range of (2.4–5.0) · 10–3 Pa has been studied using X-ray diffraction, EXAFS and four-probe electrical resistivity measurement. Integrated comparative analysis of the structural and phase composition and local atomic order in (FeCoZr)x (PZT)100-x films has for the first time shown the fundamental role of oxygen pressure PO during synthesis on nanoparticle oxidation and phase composition. We show that the oxygen pressure being within PO = 3.2 · 10–3 Pa an increase in x leads to a transition from nanoparticles of Fe(Co,Zr)O complex oxides to a superposition of complex oxides and a-FeCo(Zr,O) ferromagnetic nanoparticles (or their agglomerations). At higher oxygen pressures РО = 5.0 · 10–3 Pa the nanoparticles undergo complete oxidation with the formation of the (FexCo1-x)1-δO complex oxide having a Wurtzite structure. The forming structural and phase composition allows one to explain the observed temperature dependences of the electrical resistivity of granular films. These dependences are distinguished by a negative temperature coefficient of electrical resistivity over the whole range of film compositions at a high oxygen pressure (РО = 5.0 · 10–3 Pa) and a transition to a positive temperature coefficient of electrical resistivity at a lower oxygen pressure (РО = 3.2 · 10–3 Pa) in the synthesis atmosphere and x > 69 at.% in the films. The transition from a negative to a positive temperature coefficient of electrical resistivity which suggests the presence of a metallic contribution to the conductivity is in full agreement with the X-ray diffraction and EXAFS data indicating the persistence of unoxidized a-FeCo(Zr,O) ferromagnetic nanoparticles or their agglomerations.
{"title":"Effect of synthesis conditions and composition on structural and phase states and electrical properties of nanogranular (FeCoZr)x (PZT)100-x films (30 ≤ x ≤ 85 at.%)","authors":"J. Fedotova","doi":"10.3897/j.moem.7.3.76277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/j.moem.7.3.76277","url":null,"abstract":"Granular films containing Fe50Co50Zr10 alloy nanoparticles inside Pb0,81Sr0,04(Na0,5Bi0,5)0,15(Zr0,575Ti0,425)O3 (PZT) ferroelectric matrix possess a combination of functional magnetic and electrical properties which can be efficiently controlled by means of external electric or magnetic fields. The formation of the required granular structure in PZT matrix is only possible if synthesis is carried out in an oxygen-containing atmosphere leading to substantial oxidation of metallic nanoparticles. Thus an important task is to study the oxidation degree of metallic nanoparticles depending on synthesis conditions and the effect of forming phases on the electrical properties of the films.\u0000 The relationship between the structural and phase state and electrical properties of granular FeCoZr)x (PZT)100-x films (30 ≤ x ≤ 85 at.%) synthesized in an oxygen-containing atmosphere at the oxygen pressure PO in a range of (2.4–5.0) · 10–3 Pa has been studied using X-ray diffraction, EXAFS and four-probe electrical resistivity measurement.\u0000 Integrated comparative analysis of the structural and phase composition and local atomic order in (FeCoZr)x (PZT)100-x films has for the first time shown the fundamental role of oxygen pressure PO during synthesis on nanoparticle oxidation and phase composition. We show that the oxygen pressure being within PO = 3.2 · 10–3 Pa an increase in x leads to a transition from nanoparticles of Fe(Co,Zr)O complex oxides to a superposition of complex oxides and a-FeCo(Zr,O) ferromagnetic nanoparticles (or their agglomerations). At higher oxygen pressures РО = 5.0 · 10–3 Pa the nanoparticles undergo complete oxidation with the formation of the (FexCo1-x)1-δO complex oxide having a Wurtzite structure.\u0000 The forming structural and phase composition allows one to explain the observed temperature dependences of the electrical resistivity of granular films. These dependences are distinguished by a negative temperature coefficient of electrical resistivity over the whole range of film compositions at a high oxygen pressure (РО = 5.0 · 10–3 Pa) and a transition to a positive temperature coefficient of electrical resistivity at a lower oxygen pressure (РО = 3.2 · 10–3 Pa) in the synthesis atmosphere and x > 69 at.% in the films. The transition from a negative to a positive temperature coefficient of electrical resistivity which suggests the presence of a metallic contribution to the conductivity is in full agreement with the X-ray diffraction and EXAFS data indicating the persistence of unoxidized a-FeCo(Zr,O) ferromagnetic nanoparticles or their agglomerations.","PeriodicalId":18610,"journal":{"name":"Modern Electronic Materials","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85216556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.3897/j.moem.7.3.76700
T. G. Yugova, A. Belov, V. E. Kanevskii, E. I. Kladova, S. Knyazev, I. B. Parfent'eva
A theoretical model has been developed for determining the free electron concentration in n-InAs specimens from characteristic points in far IR reflection spectra. We show that this determination requires plasmon-phonon coupling be taken into account, otherwise the measured electron concentration proves to be overestimated. A correlation between the electron concentration Nopt and the characteristic wavenumber ν+ has been calculated and proves to be well fit by a third order polynomial. The test specimens have been obtained by tin or sulfur doping of indium arsenide. The electron concentration in the specimens has been measured at room temperature using two methods: the optical method developed by the Authors (Nopt) and the conventional four-probe Hall method (the Van der Pau method, NHall). The reflecting surfaces of the specimens have been chemically polished or fine abrasive ground. The condition Nopt > NHall has been shown to hold for all the test specimens. The difference between the optical and the Hall electron concentrations is greater for specimens having polished reflecting surfaces. The experimental data have been compared with earlier data for n-GaAs. A qualitative model explaining the experimental data has been suggested.
建立了从远红外反射光谱特征点测定n-InAs样品中自由电子浓度的理论模型。我们表明，这种测定需要考虑等离子体-声子耦合，否则测量的电子浓度被证明是高估的。计算了电子浓度Nopt与特征波数ν+之间的关系，并用三阶多项式很好地拟合。试样是用锡或硫掺杂砷化铟制成的。在室温下，用两种方法测量了样品中的电子浓度:由作者(Nopt)开发的光学方法和传统的四探针霍尔方法(Van der Pau法，NHall)。样品的反射表面已经过化学抛光或精细研磨。情况Nopt > NHall已被证明适用于所有的测试样本。对于具有抛光反射表面的样品，光学电子浓度和霍尔电子浓度之间的差异更大。实验数据与n-GaAs的早期数据进行了比较。提出了一个定性模型来解释实验数据。
{"title":"Comparison between results of optical and electrical measurements of free electron concentration in n-InAs specimens","authors":"T. G. Yugova, A. Belov, V. E. Kanevskii, E. I. Kladova, S. Knyazev, I. B. Parfent'eva","doi":"10.3897/j.moem.7.3.76700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/j.moem.7.3.76700","url":null,"abstract":"A theoretical model has been developed for determining the free electron concentration in n-InAs specimens from characteristic points in far IR reflection spectra. We show that this determination requires plasmon-phonon coupling be taken into account, otherwise the measured electron concentration proves to be overestimated. A correlation between the electron concentration Nopt and the characteristic wavenumber ν+ has been calculated and proves to be well fit by a third order polynomial. The test specimens have been obtained by tin or sulfur doping of indium arsenide. The electron concentration in the specimens has been measured at room temperature using two methods: the optical method developed by the Authors (Nopt) and the conventional four-probe Hall method (the Van der Pau method, NHall). The reflecting surfaces of the specimens have been chemically polished or fine abrasive ground. The condition Nopt > NHall has been shown to hold for all the test specimens. The difference between the optical and the Hall electron concentrations is greater for specimens having polished reflecting surfaces. The experimental data have been compared with earlier data for n-GaAs. A qualitative model explaining the experimental data has been suggested.","PeriodicalId":18610,"journal":{"name":"Modern Electronic Materials","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81854680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.3897/j.moem.7.3.75786
Gunnar Suchaneck
Magnetization is a key property of magnetic materials. Nevertheless, a satisfactory, analytical description of the temperature dependence of magnetization in double perovskites such as strontium ferromolybdate is still missing. In this work, we develop, for the very first time, a model of the magnetization of nanosized, magnetically inhomogeneous Sr2FeMoO6-δ nanoparticles. The temperature dependence of magnetization was approximated by an equation consisting of a Bloch-law spin wave term, a higher order spin wave correction, both taking into account the temperature dependence of the spin-wave stiffness, and a superparamagnetic term including the Langevin function. In the limit of pure ferromagnetic behavior, the model is applicable also to SFMO ceramics. In the vicinity of the Curie temperature (T/TC > 0.85), the model fails.
{"title":"Magnetization of magnetically inhomogeneous Sr2FeMoO6-δ nanoparticles","authors":"Gunnar Suchaneck","doi":"10.3897/j.moem.7.3.75786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/j.moem.7.3.75786","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetization is a key property of magnetic materials. Nevertheless, a satisfactory, analytical description of the temperature dependence of magnetization in double perovskites such as strontium ferromolybdate is still missing. In this work, we develop, for the very first time, a model of the magnetization of nanosized, magnetically inhomogeneous Sr2FeMoO6-δ nanoparticles. The temperature dependence of magnetization was approximated by an equation consisting of a Bloch-law spin wave term, a higher order spin wave correction, both taking into account the temperature dependence of the spin-wave stiffness, and a superparamagnetic term including the Langevin function. In the limit of pure ferromagnetic behavior, the model is applicable also to SFMO ceramics. In the vicinity of the Curie temperature (T/TC > 0.85), the model fails.","PeriodicalId":18610,"journal":{"name":"Modern Electronic Materials","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90794074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.3897/j.moem.7.3.74274
K. Brekhov, S. Lavrov, A. Kudryavtsev, N. Ilyin
Quasi-2D layers of transition metal dichalcogenides are promising candidates for creating saturable absorbers for pulsed lasers. However, the peculiarities of intense electromagnetic radiation’s influence on such structures have not been thoroughly studied. This paper explores the dynamics of photoexcited carriers in WSe2 flakes through experimental studies. These studies found that WSe2 flakes significantly change their optical properties under the influence of a high-power optical pump, allowed estimating the thermalization time of these structures (about 2 ps), and found that full relaxation takes more than 10 ps. The concentration of carriers in the semiconductor surface layer was estimated to be about 1028 m–3. It was found that standard description models of the optical response based on exciton resonances and absorption by free carriers could not adequately describe the experiments’ results. Thus, for an accurate description of the optical response, it was necessary to consider the effects associated with Coulomb screening that are caused by the high concentration of photo-excited carriers of the optical pumping densities used in this experiment.
{"title":"Two-dimensional WSe2 flakes under high power optical excitation","authors":"K. Brekhov, S. Lavrov, A. Kudryavtsev, N. Ilyin","doi":"10.3897/j.moem.7.3.74274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/j.moem.7.3.74274","url":null,"abstract":"Quasi-2D layers of transition metal dichalcogenides are promising candidates for creating saturable absorbers for pulsed lasers. However, the peculiarities of intense electromagnetic radiation’s influence on such structures have not been thoroughly studied. This paper explores the dynamics of photoexcited carriers in WSe2 flakes through experimental studies. These studies found that WSe2 flakes significantly change their optical properties under the influence of a high-power optical pump, allowed estimating the thermalization time of these structures (about 2 ps), and found that full relaxation takes more than 10 ps. The concentration of carriers in the semiconductor surface layer was estimated to be about 1028 m–3. It was found that standard description models of the optical response based on exciton resonances and absorption by free carriers could not adequately describe the experiments’ results. Thus, for an accurate description of the optical response, it was necessary to consider the effects associated with Coulomb screening that are caused by the high concentration of photo-excited carriers of the optical pumping densities used in this experiment.","PeriodicalId":18610,"journal":{"name":"Modern Electronic Materials","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87369592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.3897/j.moem.7.3.77105
D. Muratov, L. Kozhitov, E. Yakushko, A. Vasilev, A. Popkova, V. Tarala, E. Korovin
Magnetic nanoparticles play an important role in rapidly developing advanced branches of science and industry, e.g. fabrication of magnetic storage media, synthesis of ferromagnetic liquids, medicine and chemistry. One problem faced in the usage of magnetic nanoparticles is their high chemical activity leading to oxidation in air and agglomeration. The chemical activity of magnetic nanoparticles stems from the contribution of their large specific surface to volume ratio. Carbon coating of nanoparticles reduces the interaction between nanoparticles. FeCoAl/C metal-carbon nanocomposites have been synthesized using IR pyrolysis of polymer/metal salt precursors. The effect of synthesis temperature (IR heating) in the range from 500 to 700 °C on the structure and composition of the nanomaterials has been studied. We show that the forming particles are the FeCoAl ternary solid solution with a FeCo based bcc lattice. An increase in the synthesis temperature from 500 to 700 °C leads to an increase in the coherent scattering region of three-component nanoparticles from 5 to 19 nm. An increase in the aluminum content from 20 to 30% relative to Fe and Co results in an increase in the size of the nanoparticles to 15 nm but this also entails the formation of a Co based solid solution having an fcc lattice. An increase in the nanocomposite synthesis temperature and a growth of the relative Al content as a result of a more complete carbonization and the structure-building effect of metals reduce the degree of amorphousness of the nanocomposite carbon matrix and lead to the formation of graphite-like phase crystallites having an ordered structure. The effect of synthesis temperature and relative content of metals on the electromagnetic properties (complex permittivity and permeability) of the synthesized nanocomposites has been studied. Synthesis conditions affect the radio absorption properties of the nanocomposites, e.g. reflection loss (RL) in the 3–13 GHz range.
{"title":"Synthesis, structure and electromagnetic properties of FeCoAl/C nanocomposites","authors":"D. Muratov, L. Kozhitov, E. Yakushko, A. Vasilev, A. Popkova, V. Tarala, E. Korovin","doi":"10.3897/j.moem.7.3.77105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/j.moem.7.3.77105","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic nanoparticles play an important role in rapidly developing advanced branches of science and industry, e.g. fabrication of magnetic storage media, synthesis of ferromagnetic liquids, medicine and chemistry. One problem faced in the usage of magnetic nanoparticles is their high chemical activity leading to oxidation in air and agglomeration. The chemical activity of magnetic nanoparticles stems from the contribution of their large specific surface to volume ratio. Carbon coating of nanoparticles reduces the interaction between nanoparticles. FeCoAl/C metal-carbon nanocomposites have been synthesized using IR pyrolysis of polymer/metal salt precursors. The effect of synthesis temperature (IR heating) in the range from 500 to 700 °C on the structure and composition of the nanomaterials has been studied. We show that the forming particles are the FeCoAl ternary solid solution with a FeCo based bcc lattice. An increase in the synthesis temperature from 500 to 700 °C leads to an increase in the coherent scattering region of three-component nanoparticles from 5 to 19 nm. An increase in the aluminum content from 20 to 30% relative to Fe and Co results in an increase in the size of the nanoparticles to 15 nm but this also entails the formation of a Co based solid solution having an fcc lattice. An increase in the nanocomposite synthesis temperature and a growth of the relative Al content as a result of a more complete carbonization and the structure-building effect of metals reduce the degree of amorphousness of the nanocomposite carbon matrix and lead to the formation of graphite-like phase crystallites having an ordered structure. The effect of synthesis temperature and relative content of metals on the electromagnetic properties (complex permittivity and permeability) of the synthesized nanocomposites has been studied. Synthesis conditions affect the radio absorption properties of the nanocomposites, e.g. reflection loss (RL) in the 3–13 GHz range.","PeriodicalId":18610,"journal":{"name":"Modern Electronic Materials","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82570141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-16DOI: 10.3390/electronicmat2030029
Andreza Eufrasio, I. Pegg, Amrit Kafle, W. Wong-Ng, Qingzhen Huang, Biprodas Dutta
Solid solutions in the Ba(Pb1−xSrx)O3−z system were prepared by aliovalent substitution of Pb4+ by Sr2+ ions to investigate the effect of cation stoichiometry on thermal and electrical properties as x was varied between 0 and 0.4, in the temperature range 300–523 K. The starting compound, barium plumbate (BaPbO3), has a perovskite structure and is known to exhibit metallic conductivity due to an overlap of the O2p nonbonding and the Pb–O spσ antibonding band, which is partially filled by the available electrons. The large difference in the ionic radii between the Pb4+ and Sr2+ ions introduces significant strain into the (Pb/Sr)O6 octahedra of the perovskite structure. Additionally, charged defects are created on account of the different oxidation states of the Pb4+ and Sr2+ ions. Evidence of a metal to insulator transition (MIT) of the Mott–Hubbard type has been observed at a critical concentration of Sr2+ ions.
{"title":"Metal–Insulator Transition in Doped Barium Plumbates","authors":"Andreza Eufrasio, I. Pegg, Amrit Kafle, W. Wong-Ng, Qingzhen Huang, Biprodas Dutta","doi":"10.3390/electronicmat2030029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronicmat2030029","url":null,"abstract":"Solid solutions in the Ba(Pb1−xSrx)O3−z system were prepared by aliovalent substitution of Pb4+ by Sr2+ ions to investigate the effect of cation stoichiometry on thermal and electrical properties as x was varied between 0 and 0.4, in the temperature range 300–523 K. The starting compound, barium plumbate (BaPbO3), has a perovskite structure and is known to exhibit metallic conductivity due to an overlap of the O2p nonbonding and the Pb–O spσ antibonding band, which is partially filled by the available electrons. The large difference in the ionic radii between the Pb4+ and Sr2+ ions introduces significant strain into the (Pb/Sr)O6 octahedra of the perovskite structure. Additionally, charged defects are created on account of the different oxidation states of the Pb4+ and Sr2+ ions. Evidence of a metal to insulator transition (MIT) of the Mott–Hubbard type has been observed at a critical concentration of Sr2+ ions.","PeriodicalId":18610,"journal":{"name":"Modern Electronic Materials","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80896760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-14DOI: 10.3390/electronicmat2030027
M. Orrill, Dustin T. Abele, M. Wagner, S. LeBlanc
In the field of printed electronics, there is a pressing need for printable resistors, particularly ones where the resistance can be varied without changing the size of the resistor. This work presents ink synthesis and printing results for variable resistance, inkjet-printed patterns of a novel and sustainable carbon nanomaterial—multilayer graphene nanoshells. Dispersed multilayer graphene nanospheres are sterically stabilized by a surfactant (Triton X100), and no post-process is required to achieve the resistive functionality. A surface tension-based adsorption analysis technique is used to determine the optimal surfactant dosage, and a geometric model explains the conformation of adsorbed surfactant molecules. The energetic interparticle potentials between approaching particles are modeled to assess and compare the stability of sterically and electrostatically stabilized multilayer graphene nanoshells. The multilayer graphene nanoshell inks presented here show a promising new pathway toward sustainable and practical printed resistors that achieve variable resistances within a constant areal footprint without post-processing.
{"title":"Sterically Stabilized Multilayer Graphene Nanoshells for Inkjet Printed Resistors","authors":"M. Orrill, Dustin T. Abele, M. Wagner, S. LeBlanc","doi":"10.3390/electronicmat2030027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronicmat2030027","url":null,"abstract":"In the field of printed electronics, there is a pressing need for printable resistors, particularly ones where the resistance can be varied without changing the size of the resistor. This work presents ink synthesis and printing results for variable resistance, inkjet-printed patterns of a novel and sustainable carbon nanomaterial—multilayer graphene nanoshells. Dispersed multilayer graphene nanospheres are sterically stabilized by a surfactant (Triton X100), and no post-process is required to achieve the resistive functionality. A surface tension-based adsorption analysis technique is used to determine the optimal surfactant dosage, and a geometric model explains the conformation of adsorbed surfactant molecules. The energetic interparticle potentials between approaching particles are modeled to assess and compare the stability of sterically and electrostatically stabilized multilayer graphene nanoshells. The multilayer graphene nanoshell inks presented here show a promising new pathway toward sustainable and practical printed resistors that achieve variable resistances within a constant areal footprint without post-processing.","PeriodicalId":18610,"journal":{"name":"Modern Electronic Materials","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81950012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-14DOI: 10.3390/electronicmat2030028
N. Almufleh, A. Al-Othman, Zaid Alani, M. Al-Sayah, H. Al-Nashash
Implantable bioelectrodes have the potential to advance neural sensing and muscle stimulation, mainly in patients with peripheral nerve injuries. They function as the transducer at the interface between the damaged nerve and the muscle which is controlled by that nerve. This work reports the fabrication and characterization of novel, low-cost, flexible bioelectrodes based on polyaniline (PANI) and supported with silicone polymer. The fabricated electrodes were evaluated for their electrical and mechanical characteristics. PANI was used as the main transducer component in this fabrication. The characterization methods included electrical conductivity, capacitive behavior, long-term electrical impedance, and mechanical evaluation. The results of the fabricated PANI-silicone-based samples displayed a bulk impedance of 0.6 kΩ with an impedance of 1.6 kΩ at the frequency of 1 kHz. Furthermore, the bioelectrodes showed a charge storage capacity range from 0.0730 to 4.3124 C/cm2. The samples were stable when subjected to cyclic voltammetry tests. The bioelectrodes revealed very flexible mechanical properties as observed from the value of Young’s modulus (in the order of MPa) which was less than that of skin. Hence, the PANI-based bioelectrodes reported herein showed promising electrochemical characteristics with high flexibility.
{"title":"Highly Flexible Polyaniline-Based Implantable Electrode Materials for Neural Sensing/Stimulation Applications","authors":"N. Almufleh, A. Al-Othman, Zaid Alani, M. Al-Sayah, H. Al-Nashash","doi":"10.3390/electronicmat2030028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronicmat2030028","url":null,"abstract":"Implantable bioelectrodes have the potential to advance neural sensing and muscle stimulation, mainly in patients with peripheral nerve injuries. They function as the transducer at the interface between the damaged nerve and the muscle which is controlled by that nerve. This work reports the fabrication and characterization of novel, low-cost, flexible bioelectrodes based on polyaniline (PANI) and supported with silicone polymer. The fabricated electrodes were evaluated for their electrical and mechanical characteristics. PANI was used as the main transducer component in this fabrication. The characterization methods included electrical conductivity, capacitive behavior, long-term electrical impedance, and mechanical evaluation. The results of the fabricated PANI-silicone-based samples displayed a bulk impedance of 0.6 kΩ with an impedance of 1.6 kΩ at the frequency of 1 kHz. Furthermore, the bioelectrodes showed a charge storage capacity range from 0.0730 to 4.3124 C/cm2. The samples were stable when subjected to cyclic voltammetry tests. The bioelectrodes revealed very flexible mechanical properties as observed from the value of Young’s modulus (in the order of MPa) which was less than that of skin. Hence, the PANI-based bioelectrodes reported herein showed promising electrochemical characteristics with high flexibility.","PeriodicalId":18610,"journal":{"name":"Modern Electronic Materials","volume":"271 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79907853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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