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Reply to the discussion of Galuskin and Galuskina (2023) “Evidence of the anthropogenic origin of the ‘Carmel sapphire’ with enigmatic super-reduced minerals” by Griffin et al. (2023) 回复Griffin et al.(2023)对Galuskin和Galuskina(2023)“‘Carmel蓝宝石’神秘超还原矿物的人为起源证据”的讨论(2023)
IF 2.7 3区 地球科学 Q2 MINERALOGY Pub Date : 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.1180/mgm.2023.39
E. Galuskin, I. Galuskina
At the beginning of their discussion, Griffin et al. (2023) thank us for our detailed investigation of corundum aggregates from Carmel Mt, Northern Israel, which, in their opinion, is “a useful supplement” to their previous publications. We would also like to thank Griffin et al., whose denial of the existence of ‘white breccia’ (corundum angular fragments of different size in white cement) simplifies our defence of our position. In our paper (Galuskin and Galuskina, 2023) we provide mineralogical evidence that ‘Carmel sapphire’ has an anthropogenic genesis based on the study of ‘white breccia’, which consists of the waste of electrocorundum (fused alumina, refractory abrasive material) production. It seems if there is no ‘white breccia’, then our evidence of the anthropogenic genesis of Carmel sapphire does not matter. However Griffin et al. (2019a) were the first to use the term ‘white breccia’. Both in their scientific publications and in the reporting documents of the Shefa Yamim exploration company, there are images of ‘white breccia’ with Carmel sapphire or corundum grains with a white coating (Xiong et al., 2017; Griffin et al., 2021a; Galuskin and Galuskina, 2023, figure S9, supplementary materials). At this point, we can close the discussion with two brief conclusions: (1) Griffin et al. (2023) debate plenty of secondary issues that divert attention from the main object, ‘white breccia’, which is key to solving the problem of Carmel sapphire genesis; (2) ‘white breccia’ (in the form of individual samples) exists and consists of the waste of electrocorundum production. However we decided that readers can draw their own conclusions after reading our paper (Galuskin and Galuskina, 2023) and the discussion connected with it; we answer most of the remarks of Griffin et al. (2023) below.
在讨论之初,Griffin等人(2023)感谢我们对以色列北部卡梅尔山刚玉骨料的详细调查,他们认为这是对他们之前出版物的“有用补充”。我们还要感谢Griffin等人,他们否认“白角砾岩”(白水泥中不同大小的刚玉角碎片)的存在简化了我们对立场的辩护。在我们的论文(Galuskin和Galuskina,2023)中,基于对“白角砾岩”的研究,我们提供了矿物学证据,证明“Carmel蓝宝石”具有人为成因,白角砾岩由电刚玉(熔融氧化铝,耐火磨料)生产的废料组成。如果没有“白角砾岩”,那么我们关于卡梅尔蓝宝石人为起源的证据就无关紧要了。然而,Griffin等人(2019a)是第一个使用“白角砾岩”一词的人。在他们的科学出版物和Shefa Yamim勘探公司的报告文件中,都有带有Carmel蓝宝石或带有白色涂层的刚玉颗粒的“白色角砾岩”的图像(Xiong et al.,2017;Griffin et al.,2021a;Galuskin和Galuskina,2023,图S9,补充材料)。在这一点上,我们可以用两个简短的结论来结束讨论:(1)Griffin等人(2023)讨论了许多次要问题,这些问题转移了人们对主要对象“白角砾岩”的注意力,这是解决Carmel蓝宝石成因问题的关键;(2) “白角砾岩”(以单个样品的形式)存在,由电刚玉生产的废物组成。然而,我们决定,读者可以在阅读我们的论文(Galuskin和Galuskina,2023)以及与之相关的讨论后得出自己的结论;我们回答了Griffin等人(2023)的大部分评论。
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引用次数: 1
Monazite-(Gd), a new Gd-dominant mineral of the monazite group from the Zimná Voda REE–U–Au quartz vein, Prakovce, Western Carpathians, Slovakia 独居石-(Gd),来自ZimnáVoda REE–U–Au石英脉的独居石群中一种新的Gd优势矿物,位于斯洛伐克喀尔巴阡山脉西部普拉科夫策
IF 2.7 3区 地球科学 Q2 MINERALOGY Pub Date : 2023-05-24 DOI: 10.1180/mgm.2023.37
M. Ondrejka, P. Uher, Š. Ferenc, J. Majzlan, K. Pollok, T. Mikuš, S. Milovská, Alexandra Molnárová, R. Škoda, Richard Kopáčik, S. Kurylo, P. Bačík
Abstract Monazite-(Gd), ideally GdPO4, is a new mineral of the monazite group. It was discovered near Prakovce-Zimná Voda, ~23 km WNW of Košice, Western Carpathians, Slovakia. It forms anhedral domains (≤100 μm, mostly 10–50 μm in size), in close association with monazite-(Sm), Gd-bearing xenotime-(Y), Gd-bearing hingganite-(Y), fluorapatite and uraninite. All these minerals are hosted in a REE–U–Au quartz–muscovite vein, hosted in phyllites in an exocontact to granites. The density calculated using the average empirical formula and unit-cell parameters is 5.55 g/cm3. The average chemical composition measured by means of electron microprobe is as follows (wt.%): P2O5 29.68, As2O5 0.15, SiO2 0.07, ThO2 0.01, UO2 0.04, Y2O3 1.30, La2O3 3.19, Ce2O3 6.93, Pr2O3 1.12, Nd2O3 10.56, Sm2O3 17.36, Eu2O3 1.49, Gd2O3 22.84, Tb2O3 1.57, Dy2O3 2.27, CaO 0.21, total 99.67. The corresponding empirical formula calculated on the basis of 4 oxygen atoms is: (Gd0.30Sm0.24Nd0.15Ce0.10La0.05Dy0.03Y0.03Tb0.02Eu0.02Pr0.02Ca0.01)0.98P1.01O4. The ideal formula is GdPO4. The monazite-type structure has been confirmed by micro-Raman spectroscopy and selected-area electron diffraction. Monazite-(Gd) is monoclinic, space group P21/n, a = 6.703(1) Å, b = 6.914(1) Å, c = 6.383(1) Å, β = 103.8(1)°, V = 287.3(1) Å3 and Z = 4. The middle REE enrichment of monazite-(Gd) is shared with the associated Gd-bearing xenotime-(Y) to ‘xenotime-(Gd)’ and Gd-bearing hingganite-(Y). This exotic REE signature and precipitation of Gd-bearing mineral assemblage is a product of selective complexing and enrichment in middle REE in low-temperature hydrothermal fluids by alteration of primary uraninite, brannerite and fluorapatite on a micro-scale. The new mineral is named as an analogue of monazite-(La), monazite-(Ce), monazite-(Nd) and monazite-(Sm) but with Gd dominant among the REE.
独居石-(Gd),最好是GdPO4,是独居石族中的一种新矿物。它是在斯洛伐克喀尔巴阡山脉西部科希策西北约23公里的Prakovce ZimnáVoda附近发现的。它与独居石-(Sm)、含Gd的磷钇矿-(Y)、含钆的铰链有机矿-(Y)、氟磷灰石和铀云母密切相关,形成反角体畴(≤100μm,大小大多为10–50μm)。所有这些矿物都存在于REE–U–Au石英–白云母脉中,存在于与花岗岩外接触的千枚岩中。使用平均经验公式和晶胞参数计算的密度为5.55g/cm3。通过电子探针测量的平均化学成分如下(wt.%):P2O5 29.68,As2O5 0.15,SiO2 0.07,ThO2 0.01,UO2 0.04,Y2O3 1.30,La2O3 3.19,Ce2O3 6.93,Pr2O3 1.12,Nd2O3 10.56,Sm2O3 17.36,Eu2O3 1.49,Gd2O3 22.84,Tb2O3 1.57,Dy2O3 2.27,CaO 0.21,总计99.67。基于4个氧原子计算的相应经验公式为:(Gd0.30Sm0.24Nd0.15Ce0.10La0.05Dy0.03Y0.03Tb0.02Eu0.02Pr0.02Ca0.01)0.98P0.01O4。理想的配方是GdPO4。通过显微拉曼光谱和选区电子衍射证实了独居石型结构。独居石-(Gd)为单斜晶系,空间群P21/n,a=6.703(1)Å,b=6.914(1)å,c=6.383(1)Ö,β=103.8(1)°,V=287.3(1)奥兰3和Z=4。独居石-(Gd)的中等REE富集与相关的含Gd的杂晶岩-(Y)到“杂晶岩(Gd”和含Gd欣有机岩-(Y)共有。这种奇异的稀土元素特征和含Gd矿物组合的沉淀是原生铀云母、膜铁矿和氟磷灰石在微观尺度上蚀变,在低温热液中选择性络合和富集中间稀土元素的产物。该新矿物被命名为独居石-(La)、独居石(Ce)、独居石-(Nd)和独居石–(Sm)的类似物,但在REE中以Gd为主。
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引用次数: 0
Dongchuanite, a new phosphate mineral with a new structure, from Dongchuan copper mine, Yunnan Province, China 东川石是一种结构新颖的磷矿新矿物,产于云南东川铜矿
IF 2.7 3区 地球科学 Q2 MINERALOGY Pub Date : 2023-05-24 DOI: 10.1180/mgm.2023.16
Guowu Li, Ningyue Sun, Hongtao Shen, Yuan Xue, Jinhua Hao, Jeffrey de Fourestier
Abstract Dongchuanite, ideally Pb4VIZnIVZn2(PO4)2(PO4)2(OH)2, is a new phosphate mineral with a new type of structure. It was found at the Dongchuan copper mine, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China. Dongchuanite generally occurs as spherical aggregates with microscopic lamellar crystals, characterised by a turquoise–greenish blue colour. It is transparent, with a colourless streak and has a vitreous lustre without fluorescence. It is brittle with a Mohs hardness of 2–2½, and has good parallel cleavage to {011}, with insignificant parting and even fracture. According to the empirical formula and cell volume, it has a calculated density of 6.06 g/cm3. It easily dissolves in acid without gas being emitted. The mineral is biaxial (–), calculated n = 1.90 and maximum birefringence: δ = 0.010 and 2V=70°. Dispersion of the optical axes r < v is very weak. The mineral is pale blue to light blue and very weakly pleochroic in transmitted light. Dongchuanite crystallises in the triclinic space group P$bar{1}$, with unit-cell parameters a = 4.7620(10) Å, b = 8.5070(20) Å, c = 10.3641(19) Å, α = 97.110(17)°, β = 101.465(17)°, γ = 92.273(18)°, V = 407.44(15) Å3 and Z = 1. The eight strongest reflections in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern [dobs, Å (I/I0) (hkl)] are: 3.442 (100) ($bar{1}$12), 3.035 (50) (120), 4.652 (45) (100), 2.923 (40) ($bar{1}bar{1}$3), 2.384 (35) ($bar{2}$01), 3.130 (30) ($bar{1}$21), 2.811 (30) (030) and 2.316 (18) (032). The crystal structure (solved and refined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data, R1 = 0.07) is a new layered structure consisting of corner-sharing tetrahedrons and octahedrons, where [PO4] tetrahedra and [ZnO4] tetrahedra share corners to form a double chain, and the another [PO4] tetrahedra is connected by corner-sharing with a [ZnO4(OH)2] octahedra to form a tetrahedral–octahedral chain, extending along the a-axis direction. The two types of chains are connected by corner-sharing between [ZnO4] and [PO4] tetrahedra forming a wrinkled layer parallel to (011). The Pb atoms occupy two independent sites between the wrinkled layers, both of which have typical lopsided coordination of Pb2+ with stereoactive 6s2 lone-pair electrons.
摘要东川石是一种新型结构的磷酸盐矿物,理想的名称为Pb4VIZnIVZn2(PO4)2(PO3)2(OH)2。它是在中华人民共和国云南省东川铜矿发现的。洞川石通常以球形聚集体的形式出现,具有微观的片状晶体,其特征是绿松石-绿蓝色。它是透明的,有无色条纹,有玻璃光泽,没有荧光。它是脆性的,莫氏硬度为2–2½,并具有良好的平行解理{011},具有不明显的分离甚至断裂。根据经验公式和电池体积,其计算密度为6.06 g/cm3。它很容易溶解在酸中而不产生气体。矿物为双轴(–),计算n=1.90,最大双折射率:δ=0.010,2V=70°。光轴r<v的色散非常弱。该矿物为淡蓝色至浅蓝色,在透射光中具有很弱的多色性。东川石在三斜空间群P$bar{1}$中结晶,晶胞参数a=4.7620(10)Å,b=8.5070(20)Å、c=10.3641(19)Å;α=97.110(17)°;β=101.465(17)℃;γ=92.273(18)°;V=407.44(15)Å3;Z=1。粉末X射线衍射图[dobs,Å(I/I0)(hkl)]中的八个最强反射分别为:3.442(100)($bar{1}$12)、3.035(50)(120)、4.652(45)(100)、2.923(40)($par{1}$3)、2.384(35)($bar{2}$01)、3.130(30)($ bar{1}$21)、2.811(30)和2.316(18)(032)。晶体结构(根据单晶X射线衍射数据求解和细化,R1=0.07)是一种由共角四面体和八面体组成的新的层状结构,其中[PO4]四面体和[ZnO4]四面体共角形成双链,另一个[PO4]四面体通过与[ZnO4(OH)2]八面体共角连接形成四面体-八面体链,沿着a轴方向延伸。这两种类型的链通过[ZnO4]和[PO4]四面体之间的角共享而连接,形成平行于(011)的褶皱层。Pb原子在褶皱层之间占据两个独立的位置,这两个位置都具有典型的Pb2+与立体活性6s2孤对电子的不平衡配位。
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引用次数: 1
A brief comment on Hawthorne (2023): “On the definition of distinct mineral species: A critique of current IMA-CNMNC procedures” 对Hawthorne(2023)的简短评论:“关于独特矿物的定义:对当前IMA-CNMNC程序的批评”
IF 2.7 3区 地球科学 Q2 MINERALOGY Pub Date : 2023-05-24 DOI: 10.1180/mgm.2023.33
F. Bosi, F. Hatert, M. Pasero, S. Mills, R. Miyawaki, U. Hålenius
Abstract In this communication we present a brief response to Hawthorne (2023) who, in a paper in volume 87, doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2023.8 (this journal), claims evidence for violations of the electroneutrality principle in mineral formulae derived through IMA–CNMNC procedures: i.e. the dominant-constituent rule, the valency-imposed double site-occupancy, the dominant-valency rule, and the site-total-charge approach (STC). His statement is not correct as the STC method is based on the end-member definition; thus, it cannot violate the requirements of an end-member, particularly the laws of conservation of electric charge. The STC was developed to address the shortcomings in the previous IMA–CNMNC procedures. The real question is: which method to use to define an end-member formula? Currently, there are two approaches: (1) STC, which first identifies the dominant end-member charge arrangement and then leads to the dominant end-member composition; (2) the dominant end-member approach.
在本通讯中,我们对Hawthorne(2023)进行了简要的回应,他在第87册doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2023.8(本期刊)的一篇论文中声称,有证据表明通过IMA-CNMNC程序推导出的矿物配方违反了电子中性原则:即优势成分规则、价施加的双位点占用、优势价规则和位点总电荷方法(STC)。他的说法是不正确的,因为STC方法是基于端元定义的;因此,它不能违反端元的要求,特别是电荷守恒定律。STC是为了解决以前的IMA-CNMNC程序中的缺点而开发的。真正的问题是:用什么方法来定义端元公式?目前,有两种方法:(1)STC,首先确定优势端元电荷排列,然后得出优势端元组成;(2)优势端元方法。
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引用次数: 1
Discussion of the paper by Galuskin and Galuskina (2003), “Evidence of the anthropogenic origin of the ‘Carmel sapphire’ with enigmatic super-reduced minerals” 讨论Galuskin和Galuskina(2003)的论文“具有神秘超还原矿物的‘卡梅尔蓝宝石’的人为起源证据”
IF 2.7 3区 地球科学 Q2 MINERALOGY Pub Date : 2023-05-24 DOI: 10.1180/mgm.2023.36
W. Griffin, V. Toledo, S. O’Reilly
We thank the Galuskins for their detailed study of the explosion breccias and the nitrides included in corundum aggregates from Mt Carmel; space considerations have limited our previous publication of such detailed data on this interesting aspect of these important samples. Their images of other samples of the ‘ Carmel Sapphire ’ are a useful supplement to those we have published elsewhere. However, we deem it necessary to correct some unfortunate mistakes in the presentation. These do not affect the descriptions of the images but can improve the usefulness of the article. Material
我们感谢Galuskins对Carmel山刚玉骨料中的爆炸角砾岩和氮化物进行的详细研究;空间方面的考虑限制了我们之前发表的关于这些重要样本这一有趣方面的详细数据。他们拍摄的“卡梅尔蓝宝石”其他样本的图像是我们在其他地方发表的图像的有用补充。然而,我们认为有必要纠正报告中的一些不幸错误。这些不会影响图像的描述,但可以提高文章的实用性。布料
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引用次数: 2
High-temperature behaviour of fedorite, Na2.5(Ca4.5Na2.5)[Si16O38]F2⋅2.8H2O, from the Murun Alkaline Complex, Russia 俄罗斯Murun碱性络合物中fedorite Na2.5(Ca4.5Na2.5)[Si16O38]F2⋅2.8H2O的高温行为
IF 2.7 3区 地球科学 Q2 MINERALOGY Pub Date : 2023-05-11 DOI: 10.1180/mgm.2023.31
M. Lacalamita, E. Mesto, E. Kaneva, R. Shendrik, T. Radomskaya, E. Schingaro
Abstract The thermal behaviour of fedorite from the Murun massif, Russia, has been investigated by means of electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetry (TG), in situ high-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction (HT-SCXRD), ex situ high-temperature Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (HT-FTIR). The empirical chemical formula of the sample of fedorite studied is: (Na1.56K0.72Sr0.12)Σ2.40(Ca4.42Na2.54Mn0.02Fe0.01Mg0.01)Σ7.00(Si15.98Al0.02)Σ16.00(F1.92Cl0.09)Σ2.01(O37.93OH0.07)Σ38.00⋅2.8H2O. The TG curve provides a total mass decrease of ~5.5%, associated with dehydration and defluorination processes from 25 to 1050°C. Fedorite crystallises in space group P$bar{1}$ and has: a = 9.6458(2), b = 9.6521(2), c = 12.6202(4) Å, α = 102.458(2), β = 96.2250(10), γ = 119.9020(10)° and cell volume, V = 961.69(5) Å3. The HT-SCXRD was carried out in air in the 25–600°C range. Overall, a continuous expansion of the unit-cell volume was observed although the c cell dimension slightly decreases in the explored temperature range. Structure refinements indicated that the mineral undergoes a dehydration process with the loss of most of the interlayer H2O from 25 to 300°C. The HT-FTIR spectra confirmed that fedorite progressively dehydrates until 700°C.
摘要采用电子探针微分析(EPMA)、差热分析(DTA)、热重(TG)、原位高温单晶x射线衍射(HT-SCXRD)、非原位高温傅里叶变换红外光谱(HT-FTIR)研究了俄罗斯穆伦地块费长石的热行为。研究的fedorite样品的经验化学式为:(Na1.56K0.72Sr0.12)Σ2.40(Ca4.42Na2.54Mn0.02Fe0.01Mg0.01)Σ7.00(Si15.98Al0.02)Σ16.00(F1.92Cl0.09)Σ2.01(O37.93OH0.07)Σ38.00⋅2.8H2O。热重曲线显示,在25 ~ 1050°C的脱水和除氟过程中,总质量下降了~5.5%。Fedorite在空间群P$bar{1}$中结晶,a = 9.6458(2), b = 9.6521(2), c = 12.6202(4) Å, α = 102.458(2), β = 96.2250(10), γ = 119.9020(10)°,胞体体积V = 961.69(5) Å3。在25-600℃的空气中进行HT-SCXRD。总体而言,尽管c胞尺寸在探测温度范围内略有减小,但观察到单位胞体积的持续膨胀。结构细化表明,从25℃到300℃,该矿物经历了脱水过程,层间大部分H2O损失。高温傅里叶变换红外光谱证实,fedorite在700°C前逐渐脱水。
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引用次数: 0
Holubite, Ag3Pb6(Sb8Bi3)Σ11S24, from Kutná Hora, Czech Republic, a new member of the andorite branch of the lillianite homologous series Holubite,Ag3Pb6(Sb8Bi3)∑11S24,来自捷克共和国KutnáHora,是绿柱石同源系列的一个新成员
IF 2.7 3区 地球科学 Q2 MINERALOGY Pub Date : 2023-05-11 DOI: 10.1180/mgm.2023.34
R. Pažout, J. Plášil, M. Dušek, J. Sejkora, Z. Dolníček
Abstract A new mineral species, holubite, ideally Ag3Pb6(Sb8Bi3)Σ11S24, has been found at Kutná Hora ore district, Czech Republic. The mineral is associated with other lillianite homologues (gustavite, terrywallaceite, vikingite and treasurite) most frequently as grain aggregates and replacement rims of earlier Ag–Pb–Bi minerals, growing together in aggregates up to 200 × 50 μm. It typically occurs in a close association with Ag,Bi-bearing galena and terrywallaceite. Holubite is opaque, steel-grey in colour and has a metallic lustre, the calculated density is 5.899 g/cm3. In reflected light holubite is greyish white and bireflectance and pleochroism are weak with grey tints. Anisotropy is weak to medium with grey to bluish-grey rotation tints. Internal reflections were not observed. Electron microprobe analyses yielded an empirical formula, based on 44 atoms per formula unit (apfu) of (Ag3.03Cu0.03)Σ3.06(Pb6.19Fe0.02Cd0.01)Σ6.22(Sb7.71Bi2.90)Σ10.61S24.12. Its unit-cell parameters are: a = 19.374(4), b = 13.201(3), c = 8.651(2) Å, β = 90.112(18)°, V = 2212.5(9) Å3, space group P21/n and Z = 2. Holubite is a new member of the andorite branch of the lillianite homologous series with N = 4. The structure of holubite contains two Pb sites with a trigonal prismatic coordination, eight distinct octahedral sites, of which one is a mixed (Bi,Ag) site and one is a mixed (Sb,Pb) site, and twelve anion sites. Holubite is defined as a lillianite homologue with the three following requirements: N = 4, L% [Ag+ + (Bi3+,Sb3+) ↔ 2 Pb2+ substitution] ≈ 70% and approximately one quarter to one third at.% of antimony is replaced by bismuth [Bi/(Bi+Sb) ≈ 0.26–34]. The new mineral has been approved by the Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification of the International Mineralogical Association (IMA2022-112) and named after Milan Holub, a key Czech geologist and specialist in the Kutná Hora ore district.
摘要:在捷克kutn Hora矿区发现了一种新的矿物——空心长石,理想为Ag3Pb6(Sb8Bi3)Σ11S24。该矿物与其他榴辉石同源物(古氏辉石、陶粒辉石、维京石和宝石)伴生,最常见的是作为早期Ag-Pb-Bi矿物的颗粒团聚体和替代边缘生长在一起,团聚体可达200 × 50 μm。它通常与银、铋方铅矿和晶壁长石密切结合。空白石不透明,呈钢灰色,具有金属光泽,计算密度为5.899 g/cm3。在反射光下,白白石呈灰白色,双反射率和多色性较弱,呈灰色色调。各向异性是弱到中等的灰色到蓝灰色旋转色调。没有观察到内部反射。电子探针分析得到了44个原子/公式单位(apfu)的(Ag3.03Cu0.03)Σ3.06(Pb6.19Fe0.02Cd0.01)Σ6.22(Sb7.71Bi2.90)Σ10.61S24.12的经验公式。其单位胞参数为:a = 19.374(4), b = 13.201(3), c = 8.651(2) Å, β = 90.112(18)°,V = 2212.5(9) Å3,空间群P21/n, Z = 2。holuite是莲子岩同源系列中安长岩分支的新成员,N = 4。白长石的结构包括2个具有三角棱柱配位的Pb位,8个不同的八面体位,其中一个是混合(Bi,Ag)位,一个是混合(Sb,Pb)位,以及12个阴离子位。空白石定义为具有以下三个要求的橄榄石同源物:N = 4, L% [Ag+ + (Bi3+,Sb3+)↔2 Pb2+替代]≈70%和约四分之一至三分之一at。锑的%被铋取代[Bi/(Bi+Sb)≈0.26-34]。这种新矿物已得到国际矿物学协会新矿物、命名法和分类委员会(IMA2022-112)的批准,并以米兰·霍鲁伯(Milan Holub)的名字命名,他是捷克重要的地质学家和库特纳霍拉矿区的专家。
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引用次数: 0
First occurrence of the M2a2b2c polytype of argentopolybasite, [Ag6Sb2S7][Ag10S4]: Structural adjustments in the Cu-free member of the pearceite–polybasite group 首次出现M2a2b2c多型银多碱矿[Ag6Sb2S7][Ag10S4]:磷铝石-多碱矿群无铜成员的结构调整
IF 2.7 3区 地球科学 Q2 MINERALOGY Pub Date : 2023-05-02 DOI: 10.1180/mgm.2023.30
L. Bindi, F. Keutsch, D. Topa, U. Kolitsch, M. Morana, K. Tait
Abstract The chemistry and the crystal structure of the recently described mineral argentopolybasite are critically discussed based on the study of two new occurrences of the mineral: Gowganda, Timiskaming District, Ontario, Canada and IXL Mine, Silver Mountain mining district, Alpine County, California. The crystal structure of argentopolybasite can be described as the sequence, along the c axis, of two alternating layers: a [Ag6Sb2S7]2– A layer and a [Ag10S4]2+ B layer. In the B layer there are linearly-coordinated metal positions (B sites), which are usually occupied by copper in all members of the pearceite–polybasite group, resulting in a B-layer composition [Ag9CuS4]2+. In argentopolybasite, however, Ag fills all the metal sites in both A and B layers. By means of a multi-regression analysis on 67 samples of the pearceite–polybasite group, which were studied by electron microprobe and single-crystal X-ray diffraction, the effect of Ag, Sb and Se on the B sites of the B layer was modelled. Although the nomenclature rules for these minerals are based on chemical data only, we think this approach is useful to evaluate the goodness of the refinement of the structure (Ag/Cu disorder) and thus fundamental to discriminate different members of the pearceite–polybasite group.
摘要通过对加拿大安大略省Timiskaming地区的Gowganda和加利福尼亚州Alpine县银山矿区的IXL矿这两个新发现的矿物的研究,对最近描述的矿物argentopolybasite的化学和晶体结构进行了详细的讨论。阿根廷多基岩的晶体结构可以描述为沿c轴的两个交替层序:a [Ag6Sb2S7]2 - a层和a [Ag10S4]2+ B层。在B层中存在线性配位的金属位置(B位),在珠光-多基岩族的所有成员中通常被铜占据,形成B层成分[Ag9CuS4]2+。然而,在阿根廷多基岩中,Ag填充了A层和B层的所有金属位点。利用电子探针和单晶x射线衍射对67个珠光-多基岩类样品进行了多元回归分析,模拟了Ag、Sb和Se对B层B位的影响。虽然这些矿物的命名规则仅基于化学数据,但我们认为这种方法有助于评估结构的细化程度(Ag/Cu无序),从而为区分珠光-多基岩群的不同成员奠定基础。
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引用次数: 0
Crystallisation of Ca-bearing nepheline in basanites from Kajishiyama of Tsuyama Basin, Southwest Japan. 日本西南Tsuyama盆地Kajishiyama玄武岩中含钙霞石的结晶。
IF 2.7 3区 地球科学 Q2 MINERALOGY Pub Date : 2023-05-02 DOI: 10.1180/mgm.2023.32
Keiya Yoneoka, M. Hamada, S. Arai
Abstract Ca-bearing nepheline found in the Kajishiyama basanite, Tsuyama Basin, southwest Japan, was investigated to clarify its genesis in silica-undersaturated magmas. The basanite contains olivine and augite as phenocrysts and microphenocrysts, with Ca-bearing nepheline, olivine, augite, ulvöspinel, plagioclase, alkali feldspar, apatite and zeolites in the groundmass. Zeolites are more abundant in coarser-grained samples. The whole-rock composition of the basanite is characterised by low SiO2 and P2O5 contents and high total Fe, MgO, Na2O, K2O, Ba and Sr contents. The Ca-bearing nepheline, ~20 μm in size, occurs in the mesostasis of the Kajishiyama basanite and contains up to 2.31 wt.% CaO and 16.75 wt.% Na2O, in contrast to nepheline from the Hamada nephelinite, southwest Japan. The approximate compositional formula of the Kajishiyama nepheline with the highest Ca content is (Ca0.467Ba0.013Na5.286K0.919□Total1.385)Σ8.070(Si0.912Al6.980Cr3+0.003Fe3+0.067 Mg0.017)Σ7.979Si8.000O32; i.e. Ne65.50Ks11.39Qxs11.22CaNe11.89. Basanites are defined as being nepheline-normative, however they are high in normative plagioclase, the amount of which increases with fractionation of the magma. Nepheline crystallised after plagioclase, at the last stage of magmatic solidification is enriched in Ca. Such Ca-rich nepheline only forms from a magma which is high in normative plagioclase, as is the case in the Kajishiyama basanite. In contrast, Ca-poor nepheline is precipitated from nephelinitic magmas that crystallise melilite instead of plagioclase, even when Ca contents are high.
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引用次数: 0
New data on minerals with the GIS framework-type structure: gismondine-Sr from the Bellerberg volcano, Germany, and amicite and Ba-rich gismondine from the Hatrurim Complex, Israel 具有GIS框架型结构的矿物新资料:来自德国Bellerberg火山的gismondine- sr和来自以色列Hatrurim杂岩的amicite和富钡gismondine
IF 2.7 3区 地球科学 Q2 MINERALOGY Pub Date : 2023-04-21 DOI: 10.1180/mgm.2023.27
Katarzyna Skrzyńska, G. Cametti, Rafał Juroszek, Christof Schӓfer, I. Galuskina
Abstract Gismondine-Sr, recently discovered in the Hatrurim Complex in Israel, has been recognised in a xenolith sample from the Bellerberg volcano in Germany. The empirical crystal-chemical formula indicates elevated K content: (Sr1.74Ca1.05Ba0.09K1.56Na0.49)Σ4.93[Al7.98Si8.06O32]⋅9.62H2O. Additionally, Ba-rich gismondine and amicite have been found in the low-temperature mineral association of the pyrometamorphic rock from the Hatrurim Complex. The Raman spectra of the studied zeolites and the crystal structure of gismondine-Sr from the second occurrence are presented. A review of zeolites with GIS framework-type structure leads to the following conclusions: (1) garronite-Na and gobbinsite are equivalent and constitute a solid solution with garronite-Ca; (2) gismondine-Ca, -Sr, and amicite belong to one mineral series; (3) two zeolites series with different R-factors (defined as Si/(Si+Al+Fe)) can be distinguished within GIS topology: the garronite series (R > 0.6) including garronite-Ca and gobbinsite, with general formula (MyD0.5(x–y))[AlxSi(16–x)O32]⋅nH2O, where M and D refer to monovalent and divalent cations, respectively; and the gismondine series, including amicite, gismondine-Sr and gismondine-Ca, with R ≈ 0.5, and the general formula (MyD0.5(8–y))[Al8Si8O32]⋅nH2O. The Raman band between 475 cm–1 and 485 cm–1 is distinctive for the garronite series, whereas the band around 460 cm–1 is characteristic of the gismondine series. On the basis of these findings, a revision of GIS zeolites nomenclature is suggested.
gismondine sr最近在以色列Hatrurim杂岩中被发现,并在德国Bellerberg火山的包体样品中被识别出来。经验晶体化学式表明K含量升高:(Sr1.74Ca1.05Ba0.09K1.56Na0.49)Σ4.93[Al7.98Si8.06O32]⋅9.62H2O。此外,在Hatrurim杂岩热变质岩的低温矿物组合中发现了富ba的gismondine和amicite。给出了所研究沸石的拉曼光谱和第二次产状的吉斯蒙-锶的晶体结构。对具有GIS框架型结构的沸石进行了综述,得出以下结论:(1)榴石-钠和戈壁石是等效的,并与榴石-钙构成固溶体;(2) gismontin - ca、-Sr、amicite属于一个矿物系列;(3)在GIS拓扑结构中可以区分出两个具有不同R-因子(定义为Si/(Si+Al+Fe))的沸石系列:包括榴石-钙和gobbinsite的榴石系列(R > .6),通式为(MyD0.5(x-y))[AlxSi(16-x)O32]⋅nH2O,其中M和D分别为一价和二价阳离子;和gismondine系列,包括amicite, gismondine- sr和gismondine- ca, R≈0.5,通式(MyD0.5(8-y))[Al8Si8O32]⋅nH2O。475 cm-1 ~ 485 cm-1之间的拉曼带是加罗岩系的特征带,而460 cm-1左右的拉曼带是吉斯蒙丁系的特征带。在此基础上,建议对GIS沸石命名法进行修订。
{"title":"New data on minerals with the GIS framework-type structure: gismondine-Sr from the Bellerberg volcano, Germany, and amicite and Ba-rich gismondine from the Hatrurim Complex, Israel","authors":"Katarzyna Skrzyńska, G. Cametti, Rafał Juroszek, Christof Schӓfer, I. Galuskina","doi":"10.1180/mgm.2023.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2023.27","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Gismondine-Sr, recently discovered in the Hatrurim Complex in Israel, has been recognised in a xenolith sample from the Bellerberg volcano in Germany. The empirical crystal-chemical formula indicates elevated K content: (Sr1.74Ca1.05Ba0.09K1.56Na0.49)Σ4.93[Al7.98Si8.06O32]⋅9.62H2O. Additionally, Ba-rich gismondine and amicite have been found in the low-temperature mineral association of the pyrometamorphic rock from the Hatrurim Complex. The Raman spectra of the studied zeolites and the crystal structure of gismondine-Sr from the second occurrence are presented. A review of zeolites with GIS framework-type structure leads to the following conclusions: (1) garronite-Na and gobbinsite are equivalent and constitute a solid solution with garronite-Ca; (2) gismondine-Ca, -Sr, and amicite belong to one mineral series; (3) two zeolites series with different R-factors (defined as Si/(Si+Al+Fe)) can be distinguished within GIS topology: the garronite series (R > 0.6) including garronite-Ca and gobbinsite, with general formula (MyD0.5(x–y))[AlxSi(16–x)O32]⋅nH2O, where M and D refer to monovalent and divalent cations, respectively; and the gismondine series, including amicite, gismondine-Sr and gismondine-Ca, with R ≈ 0.5, and the general formula (MyD0.5(8–y))[Al8Si8O32]⋅nH2O. The Raman band between 475 cm–1 and 485 cm–1 is distinctive for the garronite series, whereas the band around 460 cm–1 is characteristic of the gismondine series. On the basis of these findings, a revision of GIS zeolites nomenclature is suggested.","PeriodicalId":18618,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogical Magazine","volume":"87 1","pages":"443 - 454"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42660968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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Mineralogical Magazine
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