F. Bosi, F. Hatert, M. Pasero, S. Mills, R. Miyawaki, U. Hålenius
Abstract In this communication we present a brief response to Hawthorne (2023) who, in a paper in volume 87, doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2023.8 (this journal), claims evidence for violations of the electroneutrality principle in mineral formulae derived through IMA–CNMNC procedures: i.e. the dominant-constituent rule, the valency-imposed double site-occupancy, the dominant-valency rule, and the site-total-charge approach (STC). His statement is not correct as the STC method is based on the end-member definition; thus, it cannot violate the requirements of an end-member, particularly the laws of conservation of electric charge. The STC was developed to address the shortcomings in the previous IMA–CNMNC procedures. The real question is: which method to use to define an end-member formula? Currently, there are two approaches: (1) STC, which first identifies the dominant end-member charge arrangement and then leads to the dominant end-member composition; (2) the dominant end-member approach.
{"title":"A brief comment on Hawthorne (2023): “On the definition of distinct mineral species: A critique of current IMA-CNMNC procedures”","authors":"F. Bosi, F. Hatert, M. Pasero, S. Mills, R. Miyawaki, U. Hålenius","doi":"10.1180/mgm.2023.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2023.33","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this communication we present a brief response to Hawthorne (2023) who, in a paper in volume 87, doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2023.8 (this journal), claims evidence for violations of the electroneutrality principle in mineral formulae derived through IMA–CNMNC procedures: i.e. the dominant-constituent rule, the valency-imposed double site-occupancy, the dominant-valency rule, and the site-total-charge approach (STC). His statement is not correct as the STC method is based on the end-member definition; thus, it cannot violate the requirements of an end-member, particularly the laws of conservation of electric charge. The STC was developed to address the shortcomings in the previous IMA–CNMNC procedures. The real question is: which method to use to define an end-member formula? Currently, there are two approaches: (1) STC, which first identifies the dominant end-member charge arrangement and then leads to the dominant end-member composition; (2) the dominant end-member approach.","PeriodicalId":18618,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogical Magazine","volume":"87 1","pages":"505 - 507"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43527465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We thank the Galuskins for their detailed study of the explosion breccias and the nitrides included in corundum aggregates from Mt Carmel; space considerations have limited our previous publication of such detailed data on this interesting aspect of these important samples. Their images of other samples of the ‘ Carmel Sapphire ’ are a useful supplement to those we have published elsewhere. However, we deem it necessary to correct some unfortunate mistakes in the presentation. These do not affect the descriptions of the images but can improve the usefulness of the article. Material
{"title":"Discussion of the paper by Galuskin and Galuskina (2003), “Evidence of the anthropogenic origin of the ‘Carmel sapphire’ with enigmatic super-reduced minerals”","authors":"W. Griffin, V. Toledo, S. O’Reilly","doi":"10.1180/mgm.2023.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2023.36","url":null,"abstract":"We thank the Galuskins for their detailed study of the explosion breccias and the nitrides included in corundum aggregates from Mt Carmel; space considerations have limited our previous publication of such detailed data on this interesting aspect of these important samples. Their images of other samples of the ‘ Carmel Sapphire ’ are a useful supplement to those we have published elsewhere. However, we deem it necessary to correct some unfortunate mistakes in the presentation. These do not affect the descriptions of the images but can improve the usefulness of the article. Material","PeriodicalId":18618,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogical Magazine","volume":"87 1","pages":"631 - 634"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43129324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Lacalamita, E. Mesto, E. Kaneva, R. Shendrik, T. Radomskaya, E. Schingaro
Abstract The thermal behaviour of fedorite from the Murun massif, Russia, has been investigated by means of electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetry (TG), in situ high-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction (HT-SCXRD), ex situ high-temperature Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (HT-FTIR). The empirical chemical formula of the sample of fedorite studied is: (Na1.56K0.72Sr0.12)Σ2.40(Ca4.42Na2.54Mn0.02Fe0.01Mg0.01)Σ7.00(Si15.98Al0.02)Σ16.00(F1.92Cl0.09)Σ2.01(O37.93OH0.07)Σ38.00⋅2.8H2O. The TG curve provides a total mass decrease of ~5.5%, associated with dehydration and defluorination processes from 25 to 1050°C. Fedorite crystallises in space group P$bar{1}$ and has: a = 9.6458(2), b = 9.6521(2), c = 12.6202(4) Å, α = 102.458(2), β = 96.2250(10), γ = 119.9020(10)° and cell volume, V = 961.69(5) Å3. The HT-SCXRD was carried out in air in the 25–600°C range. Overall, a continuous expansion of the unit-cell volume was observed although the c cell dimension slightly decreases in the explored temperature range. Structure refinements indicated that the mineral undergoes a dehydration process with the loss of most of the interlayer H2O from 25 to 300°C. The HT-FTIR spectra confirmed that fedorite progressively dehydrates until 700°C.
{"title":"High-temperature behaviour of fedorite, Na2.5(Ca4.5Na2.5)[Si16O38]F2⋅2.8H2O, from the Murun Alkaline Complex, Russia","authors":"M. Lacalamita, E. Mesto, E. Kaneva, R. Shendrik, T. Radomskaya, E. Schingaro","doi":"10.1180/mgm.2023.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2023.31","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The thermal behaviour of fedorite from the Murun massif, Russia, has been investigated by means of electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetry (TG), in situ high-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction (HT-SCXRD), ex situ high-temperature Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (HT-FTIR). The empirical chemical formula of the sample of fedorite studied is: (Na1.56K0.72Sr0.12)Σ2.40(Ca4.42Na2.54Mn0.02Fe0.01Mg0.01)Σ7.00(Si15.98Al0.02)Σ16.00(F1.92Cl0.09)Σ2.01(O37.93OH0.07)Σ38.00⋅2.8H2O. The TG curve provides a total mass decrease of ~5.5%, associated with dehydration and defluorination processes from 25 to 1050°C. Fedorite crystallises in space group P$bar{1}$ and has: a = 9.6458(2), b = 9.6521(2), c = 12.6202(4) Å, α = 102.458(2), β = 96.2250(10), γ = 119.9020(10)° and cell volume, V = 961.69(5) Å3. The HT-SCXRD was carried out in air in the 25–600°C range. Overall, a continuous expansion of the unit-cell volume was observed although the c cell dimension slightly decreases in the explored temperature range. Structure refinements indicated that the mineral undergoes a dehydration process with the loss of most of the interlayer H2O from 25 to 300°C. The HT-FTIR spectra confirmed that fedorite progressively dehydrates until 700°C.","PeriodicalId":18618,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogical Magazine","volume":"87 1","pages":"542 - 553"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44728968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Pažout, J. Plášil, M. Dušek, J. Sejkora, Z. Dolníček
Abstract A new mineral species, holubite, ideally Ag3Pb6(Sb8Bi3)Σ11S24, has been found at Kutná Hora ore district, Czech Republic. The mineral is associated with other lillianite homologues (gustavite, terrywallaceite, vikingite and treasurite) most frequently as grain aggregates and replacement rims of earlier Ag–Pb–Bi minerals, growing together in aggregates up to 200 × 50 μm. It typically occurs in a close association with Ag,Bi-bearing galena and terrywallaceite. Holubite is opaque, steel-grey in colour and has a metallic lustre, the calculated density is 5.899 g/cm3. In reflected light holubite is greyish white and bireflectance and pleochroism are weak with grey tints. Anisotropy is weak to medium with grey to bluish-grey rotation tints. Internal reflections were not observed. Electron microprobe analyses yielded an empirical formula, based on 44 atoms per formula unit (apfu) of (Ag3.03Cu0.03)Σ3.06(Pb6.19Fe0.02Cd0.01)Σ6.22(Sb7.71Bi2.90)Σ10.61S24.12. Its unit-cell parameters are: a = 19.374(4), b = 13.201(3), c = 8.651(2) Å, β = 90.112(18)°, V = 2212.5(9) Å3, space group P21/n and Z = 2. Holubite is a new member of the andorite branch of the lillianite homologous series with N = 4. The structure of holubite contains two Pb sites with a trigonal prismatic coordination, eight distinct octahedral sites, of which one is a mixed (Bi,Ag) site and one is a mixed (Sb,Pb) site, and twelve anion sites. Holubite is defined as a lillianite homologue with the three following requirements: N = 4, L% [Ag+ + (Bi3+,Sb3+) ↔ 2 Pb2+ substitution] ≈ 70% and approximately one quarter to one third at.% of antimony is replaced by bismuth [Bi/(Bi+Sb) ≈ 0.26–34]. The new mineral has been approved by the Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification of the International Mineralogical Association (IMA2022-112) and named after Milan Holub, a key Czech geologist and specialist in the Kutná Hora ore district.
{"title":"Holubite, Ag3Pb6(Sb8Bi3)Σ11S24, from Kutná Hora, Czech Republic, a new member of the andorite branch of the lillianite homologous series","authors":"R. Pažout, J. Plášil, M. Dušek, J. Sejkora, Z. Dolníček","doi":"10.1180/mgm.2023.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2023.34","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A new mineral species, holubite, ideally Ag3Pb6(Sb8Bi3)Σ11S24, has been found at Kutná Hora ore district, Czech Republic. The mineral is associated with other lillianite homologues (gustavite, terrywallaceite, vikingite and treasurite) most frequently as grain aggregates and replacement rims of earlier Ag–Pb–Bi minerals, growing together in aggregates up to 200 × 50 μm. It typically occurs in a close association with Ag,Bi-bearing galena and terrywallaceite. Holubite is opaque, steel-grey in colour and has a metallic lustre, the calculated density is 5.899 g/cm3. In reflected light holubite is greyish white and bireflectance and pleochroism are weak with grey tints. Anisotropy is weak to medium with grey to bluish-grey rotation tints. Internal reflections were not observed. Electron microprobe analyses yielded an empirical formula, based on 44 atoms per formula unit (apfu) of (Ag3.03Cu0.03)Σ3.06(Pb6.19Fe0.02Cd0.01)Σ6.22(Sb7.71Bi2.90)Σ10.61S24.12. Its unit-cell parameters are: a = 19.374(4), b = 13.201(3), c = 8.651(2) Å, β = 90.112(18)°, V = 2212.5(9) Å3, space group P21/n and Z = 2. Holubite is a new member of the andorite branch of the lillianite homologous series with N = 4. The structure of holubite contains two Pb sites with a trigonal prismatic coordination, eight distinct octahedral sites, of which one is a mixed (Bi,Ag) site and one is a mixed (Sb,Pb) site, and twelve anion sites. Holubite is defined as a lillianite homologue with the three following requirements: N = 4, L% [Ag+ + (Bi3+,Sb3+) ↔ 2 Pb2+ substitution] ≈ 70% and approximately one quarter to one third at.% of antimony is replaced by bismuth [Bi/(Bi+Sb) ≈ 0.26–34]. The new mineral has been approved by the Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification of the International Mineralogical Association (IMA2022-112) and named after Milan Holub, a key Czech geologist and specialist in the Kutná Hora ore district.","PeriodicalId":18618,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogical Magazine","volume":"87 1","pages":"582 - 590"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44848887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Bindi, F. Keutsch, D. Topa, U. Kolitsch, M. Morana, K. Tait
Abstract The chemistry and the crystal structure of the recently described mineral argentopolybasite are critically discussed based on the study of two new occurrences of the mineral: Gowganda, Timiskaming District, Ontario, Canada and IXL Mine, Silver Mountain mining district, Alpine County, California. The crystal structure of argentopolybasite can be described as the sequence, along the c axis, of two alternating layers: a [Ag6Sb2S7]2– A layer and a [Ag10S4]2+ B layer. In the B layer there are linearly-coordinated metal positions (B sites), which are usually occupied by copper in all members of the pearceite–polybasite group, resulting in a B-layer composition [Ag9CuS4]2+. In argentopolybasite, however, Ag fills all the metal sites in both A and B layers. By means of a multi-regression analysis on 67 samples of the pearceite–polybasite group, which were studied by electron microprobe and single-crystal X-ray diffraction, the effect of Ag, Sb and Se on the B sites of the B layer was modelled. Although the nomenclature rules for these minerals are based on chemical data only, we think this approach is useful to evaluate the goodness of the refinement of the structure (Ag/Cu disorder) and thus fundamental to discriminate different members of the pearceite–polybasite group.
{"title":"First occurrence of the M2a2b2c polytype of argentopolybasite, [Ag6Sb2S7][Ag10S4]: Structural adjustments in the Cu-free member of the pearceite–polybasite group","authors":"L. Bindi, F. Keutsch, D. Topa, U. Kolitsch, M. Morana, K. Tait","doi":"10.1180/mgm.2023.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2023.30","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The chemistry and the crystal structure of the recently described mineral argentopolybasite are critically discussed based on the study of two new occurrences of the mineral: Gowganda, Timiskaming District, Ontario, Canada and IXL Mine, Silver Mountain mining district, Alpine County, California. The crystal structure of argentopolybasite can be described as the sequence, along the c axis, of two alternating layers: a [Ag6Sb2S7]2– A layer and a [Ag10S4]2+ B layer. In the B layer there are linearly-coordinated metal positions (B sites), which are usually occupied by copper in all members of the pearceite–polybasite group, resulting in a B-layer composition [Ag9CuS4]2+. In argentopolybasite, however, Ag fills all the metal sites in both A and B layers. By means of a multi-regression analysis on 67 samples of the pearceite–polybasite group, which were studied by electron microprobe and single-crystal X-ray diffraction, the effect of Ag, Sb and Se on the B sites of the B layer was modelled. Although the nomenclature rules for these minerals are based on chemical data only, we think this approach is useful to evaluate the goodness of the refinement of the structure (Ag/Cu disorder) and thus fundamental to discriminate different members of the pearceite–polybasite group.","PeriodicalId":18618,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogical Magazine","volume":"87 1","pages":"561 - 567"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48385997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Ca-bearing nepheline found in the Kajishiyama basanite, Tsuyama Basin, southwest Japan, was investigated to clarify its genesis in silica-undersaturated magmas. The basanite contains olivine and augite as phenocrysts and microphenocrysts, with Ca-bearing nepheline, olivine, augite, ulvöspinel, plagioclase, alkali feldspar, apatite and zeolites in the groundmass. Zeolites are more abundant in coarser-grained samples. The whole-rock composition of the basanite is characterised by low SiO2 and P2O5 contents and high total Fe, MgO, Na2O, K2O, Ba and Sr contents. The Ca-bearing nepheline, ~20 μm in size, occurs in the mesostasis of the Kajishiyama basanite and contains up to 2.31 wt.% CaO and 16.75 wt.% Na2O, in contrast to nepheline from the Hamada nephelinite, southwest Japan. The approximate compositional formula of the Kajishiyama nepheline with the highest Ca content is (Ca0.467Ba0.013Na5.286K0.919□Total1.385)Σ8.070(Si0.912Al6.980Cr3+0.003Fe3+0.067 Mg0.017)Σ7.979Si8.000O32; i.e. Ne65.50Ks11.39Qxs11.22CaNe11.89. Basanites are defined as being nepheline-normative, however they are high in normative plagioclase, the amount of which increases with fractionation of the magma. Nepheline crystallised after plagioclase, at the last stage of magmatic solidification is enriched in Ca. Such Ca-rich nepheline only forms from a magma which is high in normative plagioclase, as is the case in the Kajishiyama basanite. In contrast, Ca-poor nepheline is precipitated from nephelinitic magmas that crystallise melilite instead of plagioclase, even when Ca contents are high.
{"title":"Crystallisation of Ca-bearing nepheline in basanites from Kajishiyama of Tsuyama Basin, Southwest Japan.","authors":"Keiya Yoneoka, M. Hamada, S. Arai","doi":"10.1180/mgm.2023.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2023.32","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ca-bearing nepheline found in the Kajishiyama basanite, Tsuyama Basin, southwest Japan, was investigated to clarify its genesis in silica-undersaturated magmas. The basanite contains olivine and augite as phenocrysts and microphenocrysts, with Ca-bearing nepheline, olivine, augite, ulvöspinel, plagioclase, alkali feldspar, apatite and zeolites in the groundmass. Zeolites are more abundant in coarser-grained samples. The whole-rock composition of the basanite is characterised by low SiO2 and P2O5 contents and high total Fe, MgO, Na2O, K2O, Ba and Sr contents. The Ca-bearing nepheline, ~20 μm in size, occurs in the mesostasis of the Kajishiyama basanite and contains up to 2.31 wt.% CaO and 16.75 wt.% Na2O, in contrast to nepheline from the Hamada nephelinite, southwest Japan. The approximate compositional formula of the Kajishiyama nepheline with the highest Ca content is (Ca0.467Ba0.013Na5.286K0.919□Total1.385)Σ8.070(Si0.912Al6.980Cr3+0.003Fe3+0.067 Mg0.017)Σ7.979Si8.000O32; i.e. Ne65.50Ks11.39Qxs11.22CaNe11.89. Basanites are defined as being nepheline-normative, however they are high in normative plagioclase, the amount of which increases with fractionation of the magma. Nepheline crystallised after plagioclase, at the last stage of magmatic solidification is enriched in Ca. Such Ca-rich nepheline only forms from a magma which is high in normative plagioclase, as is the case in the Kajishiyama basanite. In contrast, Ca-poor nepheline is precipitated from nephelinitic magmas that crystallise melilite instead of plagioclase, even when Ca contents are high.","PeriodicalId":18618,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogical Magazine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43748010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katarzyna Skrzyńska, G. Cametti, Rafał Juroszek, Christof Schӓfer, I. Galuskina
Abstract Gismondine-Sr, recently discovered in the Hatrurim Complex in Israel, has been recognised in a xenolith sample from the Bellerberg volcano in Germany. The empirical crystal-chemical formula indicates elevated K content: (Sr1.74Ca1.05Ba0.09K1.56Na0.49)Σ4.93[Al7.98Si8.06O32]⋅9.62H2O. Additionally, Ba-rich gismondine and amicite have been found in the low-temperature mineral association of the pyrometamorphic rock from the Hatrurim Complex. The Raman spectra of the studied zeolites and the crystal structure of gismondine-Sr from the second occurrence are presented. A review of zeolites with GIS framework-type structure leads to the following conclusions: (1) garronite-Na and gobbinsite are equivalent and constitute a solid solution with garronite-Ca; (2) gismondine-Ca, -Sr, and amicite belong to one mineral series; (3) two zeolites series with different R-factors (defined as Si/(Si+Al+Fe)) can be distinguished within GIS topology: the garronite series (R > 0.6) including garronite-Ca and gobbinsite, with general formula (MyD0.5(x–y))[AlxSi(16–x)O32]⋅nH2O, where M and D refer to monovalent and divalent cations, respectively; and the gismondine series, including amicite, gismondine-Sr and gismondine-Ca, with R ≈ 0.5, and the general formula (MyD0.5(8–y))[Al8Si8O32]⋅nH2O. The Raman band between 475 cm–1 and 485 cm–1 is distinctive for the garronite series, whereas the band around 460 cm–1 is characteristic of the gismondine series. On the basis of these findings, a revision of GIS zeolites nomenclature is suggested.
{"title":"New data on minerals with the GIS framework-type structure: gismondine-Sr from the Bellerberg volcano, Germany, and amicite and Ba-rich gismondine from the Hatrurim Complex, Israel","authors":"Katarzyna Skrzyńska, G. Cametti, Rafał Juroszek, Christof Schӓfer, I. Galuskina","doi":"10.1180/mgm.2023.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2023.27","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Gismondine-Sr, recently discovered in the Hatrurim Complex in Israel, has been recognised in a xenolith sample from the Bellerberg volcano in Germany. The empirical crystal-chemical formula indicates elevated K content: (Sr1.74Ca1.05Ba0.09K1.56Na0.49)Σ4.93[Al7.98Si8.06O32]⋅9.62H2O. Additionally, Ba-rich gismondine and amicite have been found in the low-temperature mineral association of the pyrometamorphic rock from the Hatrurim Complex. The Raman spectra of the studied zeolites and the crystal structure of gismondine-Sr from the second occurrence are presented. A review of zeolites with GIS framework-type structure leads to the following conclusions: (1) garronite-Na and gobbinsite are equivalent and constitute a solid solution with garronite-Ca; (2) gismondine-Ca, -Sr, and amicite belong to one mineral series; (3) two zeolites series with different R-factors (defined as Si/(Si+Al+Fe)) can be distinguished within GIS topology: the garronite series (R > 0.6) including garronite-Ca and gobbinsite, with general formula (MyD0.5(x–y))[AlxSi(16–x)O32]⋅nH2O, where M and D refer to monovalent and divalent cations, respectively; and the gismondine series, including amicite, gismondine-Sr and gismondine-Ca, with R ≈ 0.5, and the general formula (MyD0.5(8–y))[Al8Si8O32]⋅nH2O. The Raman band between 475 cm–1 and 485 cm–1 is distinctive for the garronite series, whereas the band around 460 cm–1 is characteristic of the gismondine series. On the basis of these findings, a revision of GIS zeolites nomenclature is suggested.","PeriodicalId":18618,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogical Magazine","volume":"87 1","pages":"443 - 454"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42660968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The categorisation of minerals and their related names, such as synonyms, obsolete or historical names, varieties or mixtures, is an asset for designing an interoperable and consistent mineralogical data warehouse. An enormous amount of this data, provided by mindat.org and other resources, was reviewed and analysed during the research. The analysis indicates the existence of several categories of (1) the abstract titles or designations representing the link to the original material or a group of names or substances without actual physical representation, and (2) the unique names representing actual physical material, compounds, or an aggregate of one or more minerals. A revision of the dependency between the categories attributes stored in a database (e.g. chemical properties, physical properties) and their classification status assigned allowed us to design a robust prototype for maintaining database integrity and consistency. The proposed scheme allows standardisation and structuring of officially regulated and maintained species, e.g. IMA-approved, and, in addition, unregulated ones.
{"title":"Classifying minerals and their related names in a relational database","authors":"L. Gavryliv, V. Ponomar, M. Putiš","doi":"10.1180/mgm.2023.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2023.23","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The categorisation of minerals and their related names, such as synonyms, obsolete or historical names, varieties or mixtures, is an asset for designing an interoperable and consistent mineralogical data warehouse. An enormous amount of this data, provided by mindat.org and other resources, was reviewed and analysed during the research. The analysis indicates the existence of several categories of (1) the abstract titles or designations representing the link to the original material or a group of names or substances without actual physical representation, and (2) the unique names representing actual physical material, compounds, or an aggregate of one or more minerals. A revision of the dependency between the categories attributes stored in a database (e.g. chemical properties, physical properties) and their classification status assigned allowed us to design a robust prototype for maintaining database integrity and consistency. The proposed scheme allows standardisation and structuring of officially regulated and maintained species, e.g. IMA-approved, and, in addition, unregulated ones.","PeriodicalId":18618,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogical Magazine","volume":"87 1","pages":"480 - 493"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44582976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hexiong Yang, R. Jenkins, J. McGlasson, R. Gibbs, R. Downs
Abstract A new mineral species, mikenewite (IMA2022-102), ideally Mn2+(S4+O3)⋅3H2O, has been discovered from the San Judas Chimney, Ojuela mine, Mapimí, Durango, Mexico. It occurs as spheres of platy crystals. Associated minerals include goethite, cryptomelane, adamite and lotharmeyerite. Mikenewite is yellowish in transmitted light, transparent with a white streak and vitreous lustre. It is brittle and has a Mohs hardness of 2½–3. Cleavage is perfect on {101}. The measured and calculated densities are 2.48(5) and 2.467 g/cm3, respectively. Optically, mikenewite is biaxial (+), with α = 1.606(5), β = 1.614(5), γ = 1.627(1) (white light), 2V(meas.) = 69(3)° and 2V(calc.) = 77°. An electron microprobe analysis yielded an empirical formula (based on 6 O apfu) of (Mn0.86Zn0.12Fe0.04Ca0.02)Σ1.04(S0.98O3)⋅3H2O, which can be simplified to (Mn,Zn,Fe)(SO3)⋅3H2O. Mikenewite is the natural analogue of synthetic α-Mn2+(S4+O3)⋅3H2O, as well as the Mn-analogue of albertiniite, Fe2+(S4+O3)⋅3H2O. It is monoclinic, with space group P21/n and unit-cell parameters a = 6.6390(3), b = 8.8895(4), c = 8.7900(4) Å, β = 96.095(2)°, V = 515.83(4) Å3 and Z = 4. The crystal structure of mikenewite is characterised by each Mn atom coordinated octahedrally by six O atoms, three from different sulfite O atoms and three from H2O molecules. Each S4+O3 group is bonded to three Mn atoms, resulting in a sheet parallel to (101) with the sheet composition of Mn2+(S4+O3)⋅3H2O. Such sheets, stacked along [10$bar{1}$], are joined together by hydrogen bonds, accounting for the perfect cleavage of the mineral. Mikenewite is dimorphous with orthorhombic Pnma gravegliaite, as albertiniite is with fleisstalite. Its discovery from the Ojuela mine, which is particularly rich in Zn, implies the possibility of finding Zn-bearing sulfites there as well.
摘要:在墨西哥杜兰戈Ojuela矿Mapimí的San Judas Chimney中发现了一种新的矿物mikenewite (IMA2022-102)，理想形态为Mn2+(S4+O3)⋅3H2O。它以片状晶体的形式出现。伴生矿物包括针铁矿、隐锰矿、adamite和lotharmeerite。mikenewitte在透射光下呈淡黄色，透明，带有白色条纹和玻璃光泽。它很脆，莫氏硬度为2½-3。乳沟是完美的{101}。实测密度和计算密度分别为2.48(5)和2.467 g/cm3。光学上，mikenewhite是双轴(+)，α = 1.606(5)， β = 1.614(5)， γ = 1.627(1)(白光)，2V(mean .) = 69(3)°，2V(calc.) = 77°。电子探针分析得到(Mn0.86Zn0.12Fe0.04Ca0.02)Σ1.04(s0.980 o3)⋅3H2O的经验式(基于6 O apfu)，可简化为(Mn,Zn,Fe)(SO3)⋅3H2O。mikenewitte是人工合成α-Mn2+(S4+O3)⋅3H2O的天然类似物，也是albertiniite的mn类似物Fe2+(S4+O3)⋅3H2O。它是单斜的，空间群P21/n，单位胞参数a = 6.6390(3)， b = 8.8895(4)， c = 8.7900(4) Å， β = 96.095(2)°，V = 515.83(4) Å3, Z = 4。镁镁石的晶体结构特点是:每个Mn原子与6个O原子八面体配位，其中3个来自不同的亚硫酸盐O原子，3个来自H2O分子。每个S4+O3基团与3个Mn原子键合，形成平行于(101)的薄片，薄片组成为Mn2+(S4+O3)⋅3H2O。这样的薄片，沿着[10$bar{1}$]堆积，由氢键连接在一起，说明了矿物的完美解理。镁辉石与正方晶的Pnma榴辉岩是二形的，而阿尔伯太石与弹性岩是二形的。它是在Ojuela矿中发现的，该矿含锌特别丰富，这意味着在那里也有可能发现含锌亚硫酸盐。
{"title":"Mikenewite, the natural analogue of synthetic α-Mn2+(S4+O3)⋅3H2O, a new sulfite mineral from the Ojuela mine, Mapimí, Mexico","authors":"Hexiong Yang, R. Jenkins, J. McGlasson, R. Gibbs, R. Downs","doi":"10.1180/mgm.2023.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2023.24","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A new mineral species, mikenewite (IMA2022-102), ideally Mn2+(S4+O3)⋅3H2O, has been discovered from the San Judas Chimney, Ojuela mine, Mapimí, Durango, Mexico. It occurs as spheres of platy crystals. Associated minerals include goethite, cryptomelane, adamite and lotharmeyerite. Mikenewite is yellowish in transmitted light, transparent with a white streak and vitreous lustre. It is brittle and has a Mohs hardness of 2½–3. Cleavage is perfect on {101}. The measured and calculated densities are 2.48(5) and 2.467 g/cm3, respectively. Optically, mikenewite is biaxial (+), with α = 1.606(5), β = 1.614(5), γ = 1.627(1) (white light), 2V(meas.) = 69(3)° and 2V(calc.) = 77°. An electron microprobe analysis yielded an empirical formula (based on 6 O apfu) of (Mn0.86Zn0.12Fe0.04Ca0.02)Σ1.04(S0.98O3)⋅3H2O, which can be simplified to (Mn,Zn,Fe)(SO3)⋅3H2O. Mikenewite is the natural analogue of synthetic α-Mn2+(S4+O3)⋅3H2O, as well as the Mn-analogue of albertiniite, Fe2+(S4+O3)⋅3H2O. It is monoclinic, with space group P21/n and unit-cell parameters a = 6.6390(3), b = 8.8895(4), c = 8.7900(4) Å, β = 96.095(2)°, V = 515.83(4) Å3 and Z = 4. The crystal structure of mikenewite is characterised by each Mn atom coordinated octahedrally by six O atoms, three from different sulfite O atoms and three from H2O molecules. Each S4+O3 group is bonded to three Mn atoms, resulting in a sheet parallel to (101) with the sheet composition of Mn2+(S4+O3)⋅3H2O. Such sheets, stacked along [10$bar{1}$], are joined together by hydrogen bonds, accounting for the perfect cleavage of the mineral. Mikenewite is dimorphous with orthorhombic Pnma gravegliaite, as albertiniite is with fleisstalite. Its discovery from the Ojuela mine, which is particularly rich in Zn, implies the possibility of finding Zn-bearing sulfites there as well.","PeriodicalId":18618,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogical Magazine","volume":"2 3","pages":"534 - 541"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41243597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. R. Kampf, T. Olds, J. Plášil, B. Nash, J. Marty
Abstract The new mineral libbyite (IMA2022-091), (NH4)2(Na2□)[(UO2)2(SO4)3(H2O)]2⋅7H2O, was found in the Blue Lizard mine, San Juan County, Utah, USA, where it occurs as tightly intergrown aggregates of light green–yellow equant crystals in a secondary assemblage with bobcookite, coquimbite, halotrichite, metavoltine, rhomboclase, römerite, tamarugite, voltaite and zincorietveldite. The streak is very pale green yellow and the fluorescence is strong green under 405 nm ultraviolet light. Crystals are transparent with vitreous lustre. The tenacity is brittle, the Mohs hardness is ~2½, the fracture is curved. The mineral is soluble in H2O and has a calculated density of 3.465 g⋅cm–3. The mineral is optically uniaxial (–) with ω = 1.581(2) and ɛ = 1.540(2). Electron microprobe analyses provided (NH4)1.92K0.08Na2.00U4.00S6.00O41H18.00. Libbyite is tetragonal, P41212, a = 10.7037(11), c = 31.824(2) Å, V = 3646.0(8) Å3 and Z = 4. The structural unit is a uranyl–sulfate sheet that has the same topology as the sheets in several synthetic uranyl selenates.
{"title":"Libbyite, (NH4)2(Na2□)[(UO2)2(SO4)3(H2O)]2⋅7H2O, a new mineral with uranyl-sulfate sheets from the Blue Lizard mine, San Juan County, Utah, USA.","authors":"A. R. Kampf, T. Olds, J. Plášil, B. Nash, J. Marty","doi":"10.1180/mgm.2023.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2023.26","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The new mineral libbyite (IMA2022-091), (NH4)2(Na2□)[(UO2)2(SO4)3(H2O)]2⋅7H2O, was found in the Blue Lizard mine, San Juan County, Utah, USA, where it occurs as tightly intergrown aggregates of light green–yellow equant crystals in a secondary assemblage with bobcookite, coquimbite, halotrichite, metavoltine, rhomboclase, römerite, tamarugite, voltaite and zincorietveldite. The streak is very pale green yellow and the fluorescence is strong green under 405 nm ultraviolet light. Crystals are transparent with vitreous lustre. The tenacity is brittle, the Mohs hardness is ~2½, the fracture is curved. The mineral is soluble in H2O and has a calculated density of 3.465 g⋅cm–3. The mineral is optically uniaxial (–) with ω = 1.581(2) and ɛ = 1.540(2). Electron microprobe analyses provided (NH4)1.92K0.08Na2.00U4.00S6.00O41H18.00. Libbyite is tetragonal, P41212, a = 10.7037(11), c = 31.824(2) Å, V = 3646.0(8) Å3 and Z = 4. The structural unit is a uranyl–sulfate sheet that has the same topology as the sheets in several synthetic uranyl selenates.","PeriodicalId":18618,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogical Magazine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42376673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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