Pub Date : 2022-12-17DOI: 10.15407/microbiolj84.03.060
L. Polishchuk, O. Bambura
Recently, antibiotic resistance of pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms is one of the primary problems of medicine. Scientists pay considerable attention to the study of genes for resistance of strains of streptomycetes as sources of such genes for microorganisms. The aim of this study was to determine the sensitivity of 9 strains of streptomycetes producing polyketide antibiotics to tetracycline and oleandomycin and to identify possible correlations in resistant and sensitive strains between the level of their resistance and the presence of resistance genes in chromosomes. Methods. 9 strains of producers of polyketide antibiotics were studied: Streptomyces cyanogenus S136, S. fradiae Tu2717, S. glaucescens Tu49, S. olivaceus Tu2353, S. antibioticus 35, S. globisporus 1912, S. aureofaciens 019, S. coelicolor A3(2), S. lividans TK24. Appropriate microbiological (method of serial dilution in agar) and biotechnological (method of computerized analysis of sequences) methods were used. Results. According to the sensitivity to oleandomycin and tetracycline, the studied strains of streptomycetes can be divided into 3 groups. The first group includes strains resistant to both antibiotics — S. coelicolor A3(2) and S. lividans TK24, the second group includes strains resistant to only one of the antibiotics: more resistant to oleandomycin — S. globisporus 1912, S. glaucescens Tu49, S antibiotic 35-1; more resistant to tetracycline — S. olivaceus Tu2353, S. fradiae Tu2717, S. aureofaciens 019. Strain S. cyanogenus S136 is sensitive to both antibiotics. Conclusions. A correlation was found between the level of tetracycline resistance and the presence (the number and similarity of structures) in the genomes of strains S. lividans TK24, S. globisporus 1912, and S. cyanogenus S136 sequences, which are similar to the sequences of tetracycline resistance genes of strain S. coelicolor A3(2).
{"title":"Resistance to Tetracycline and Oleandomycin of a Number of Streptomycetes — Producers of Polyketide Antibiotics","authors":"L. Polishchuk, O. Bambura","doi":"10.15407/microbiolj84.03.060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj84.03.060","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, antibiotic resistance of pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms is one of the primary problems of medicine. Scientists pay considerable attention to the study of genes for resistance of strains of streptomycetes as sources of such genes for microorganisms. The aim of this study was to determine the sensitivity of 9 strains of streptomycetes producing polyketide antibiotics to tetracycline and oleandomycin and to identify possible correlations in resistant and sensitive strains between the level of their resistance and the presence of resistance genes in chromosomes. Methods. 9 strains of producers of polyketide antibiotics were studied: Streptomyces cyanogenus S136, S. fradiae Tu2717, S. glaucescens Tu49, S. olivaceus Tu2353, S. antibioticus 35, S. globisporus 1912, S. aureofaciens 019, S. coelicolor A3(2), S. lividans TK24. Appropriate microbiological (method of serial dilution in agar) and biotechnological (method of computerized analysis of sequences) methods were used. Results. According to the sensitivity to oleandomycin and tetracycline, the studied strains of streptomycetes can be divided into 3 groups. The first group includes strains resistant to both antibiotics — S. coelicolor A3(2) and S. lividans TK24, the second group includes strains resistant to only one of the antibiotics: more resistant to oleandomycin — S. globisporus 1912, S. glaucescens Tu49, S antibiotic 35-1; more resistant to tetracycline — S. olivaceus Tu2353, S. fradiae Tu2717, S. aureofaciens 019. Strain S. cyanogenus S136 is sensitive to both antibiotics. Conclusions. A correlation was found between the level of tetracycline resistance and the presence (the number and similarity of structures) in the genomes of strains S. lividans TK24, S. globisporus 1912, and S. cyanogenus S136 sequences, which are similar to the sequences of tetracycline resistance genes of strain S. coelicolor A3(2).","PeriodicalId":18628,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiolohichnyi zhurnal","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86737418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-17DOI: 10.15407/microbiolj84.03.009
L. Pasichnyk, L. Butsenko
In 1979, L.T. Pastushenko and I.D. Symonovych developed a scheme of serogrouping phytopathogenic bacteria of the Pseudomonas genus, which is still used now. However, today’s using this serogrouping scheme is complicated by the lack of all data accumulated over the years of its application. Moreover, the scheme does not correspond to the modern taxonomy of phytopathogenic bacteria of the Pseudomonas genus. Aim. On the basis of own experimental results and data of scientific literature, to carry out modernization of the serogrouping scheme of phytopathogenic bacteria of the Pseudomonas genus. Methods. The strains of Pseudomonas syringae pathovars such as atrofaciens, coronafaciens, tabaci, which were isolated from plants of wheat, rye, oats, tobacco, and various species of affected weeds in different regions of Ukraine have been studied in the work. Antigenic properties of bacterial strains were studied by agglutination and precipitation reactions (the Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion techniques) using antisera to P. syringae strains of nine serological groups (I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX). To carry out the precipitation reaction, O- and OH-antigens were obtained by a modified Grasse’s method. The presence of the same number of precipitation lines of the studied antigens as the number of lines with homologous antiserum of the corresponding serogroup testified to their belonging to this serogroup according to the known serogrouping scheme of phytopathogenic bacteria developed in 1979 by L.T. Pastushenko and I.D. Symonovych. Results. It has been proved that strains of P. syringae pathovars isolated from different cereals (rye, wheat, oats) and segetal vegetation differ in antigenic composition. The antigenic composition of P. syringae strains depends on the host plant from which the pathogen was isolated. Strains of the causative agent of basal glume rot P. syringae pv. atrofaciens isolated from wheat belong to four serological groups (II, IV, V, VI), from rye — to five serological groups (I, II, IV, V, VI), as well as strains of this pathogen isolated from segetal vegetation of wheat agrophytocenosis. Strains of the halo bligth P. syringae pv. coronafaciens from affected oat plants belong to two serological groups (I, V). The serogrouping scheme has been supplemented by new data on the antigenic properties of P. syringae pv. tomato, the causative agent of the bacterial speck disease of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum), which is classified as serogroup IV. It has been found that P. syringae pv. tabaci strains, which cause wildfire of tobacco, are part of three serogroups — VII, VIII, IX, and not of two ones, as was presented in the known scheme (1979). Conclusions. Therefore, on the basis of our own research and literature data, the serogrouping scheme of phytopathogenic bacteria of the Pseudomonas genus developed by L.T. Pastushenko and I.D. Symonovych has been modernized. In the renovated scheme, current species’ names of phytopathogens a
{"title":"Modernization of the Pseudomonas syringae Pathovars Serogrouping Scheme","authors":"L. Pasichnyk, L. Butsenko","doi":"10.15407/microbiolj84.03.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj84.03.009","url":null,"abstract":"In 1979, L.T. Pastushenko and I.D. Symonovych developed a scheme of serogrouping phytopathogenic bacteria of the Pseudomonas genus, which is still used now. However, today’s using this serogrouping scheme is complicated by the lack of all data accumulated over the years of its application. Moreover, the scheme does not correspond to the modern taxonomy of phytopathogenic bacteria of the Pseudomonas genus. Aim. On the basis of own experimental results and data of scientific literature, to carry out modernization of the serogrouping scheme of phytopathogenic bacteria of the Pseudomonas genus. Methods. The strains of Pseudomonas syringae pathovars such as atrofaciens, coronafaciens, tabaci, which were isolated from plants of wheat, rye, oats, tobacco, and various species of affected weeds in different regions of Ukraine have been studied in the work. Antigenic properties of bacterial strains were studied by agglutination and precipitation reactions (the Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion techniques) using antisera to P. syringae strains of nine serological groups (I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX). To carry out the precipitation reaction, O- and OH-antigens were obtained by a modified Grasse’s method. The presence of the same number of precipitation lines of the studied antigens as the number of lines with homologous antiserum of the corresponding serogroup testified to their belonging to this serogroup according to the known serogrouping scheme of phytopathogenic bacteria developed in 1979 by L.T. Pastushenko and I.D. Symonovych. Results. It has been proved that strains of P. syringae pathovars isolated from different cereals (rye, wheat, oats) and segetal vegetation differ in antigenic composition. The antigenic composition of P. syringae strains depends on the host plant from which the pathogen was isolated. Strains of the causative agent of basal glume rot P. syringae pv. atrofaciens isolated from wheat belong to four serological groups (II, IV, V, VI), from rye — to five serological groups (I, II, IV, V, VI), as well as strains of this pathogen isolated from segetal vegetation of wheat agrophytocenosis. Strains of the halo bligth P. syringae pv. coronafaciens from affected oat plants belong to two serological groups (I, V). The serogrouping scheme has been supplemented by new data on the antigenic properties of P. syringae pv. tomato, the causative agent of the bacterial speck disease of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum), which is classified as serogroup IV. It has been found that P. syringae pv. tabaci strains, which cause wildfire of tobacco, are part of three serogroups — VII, VIII, IX, and not of two ones, as was presented in the known scheme (1979). Conclusions. Therefore, on the basis of our own research and literature data, the serogrouping scheme of phytopathogenic bacteria of the Pseudomonas genus developed by L.T. Pastushenko and I.D. Symonovych has been modernized. In the renovated scheme, current species’ names of phytopathogens a","PeriodicalId":18628,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiolohichnyi zhurnal","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83439030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-17DOI: 10.15407/microbiolj84.03.082
A. Kyrychenko, K. Hrynchuk, I. Antipov, A. Konup
Viticulture is one of the most intensive and complex branches of Ukraine agriculture. Grapevine virus diseases are responsible for considerable economic losses to grape productivity and wine industries. One of the most notable and widespread viruses associated with vine leafroll disease is grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaV), belonging to the genus Ampelovirus, family Closteroviridae. Thus, the aim of this study was to conduct a survey targeting two viruses involved in the grapevine leafroll, namely grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1 (GLRaV-1) and virus 3(GLRaV-3) distributed in commercial wine grapes growing in the vineyards of the Ovidiopol and Bolhrad districts of the Odesa region. For efficient and accurate virus detection, we aimed to design universal primers based on conserved nucleotide sequences. Methods. Virus surveys of vineyards, visual diagnosis, immunoassay (ELISA), polymerase chain reaction with reverse transcription (RT-PCR), and Sanger sequencing of partial genome sequences of GLRaV. Results. The results obtained indicate that grapevine leafroll disease symptoms in field-grown grapevines in the south of Ukraine are caused by GLRaV-3. GLRaV-1 was not detected in any of the samples tested. To confirm the presence of GLRaV-3 in the samples, specific primers were designed targeting the coat protein region (GLRaV3-7f 5’-AGTAGGGGATGCAGCACAAG-3’; GLRaV3-7r 5’-ATCCAAAGCTATTCCCTTGC-3’) of the virus. A new set of primers (GLRaV3-7f / GLRaV3-7r) has been validated for sensitive detection of GLRaV-3 by RT-PCR and may be useful for routine virus detection in the laboratory as well as for large-scale testing. The partial coat protein gene of the isolate, GLRaV-3 ukr, distributed in the south of Ukraine, was sequenced, and the obtained sequence was deposited in GenBank under Acc. No. ON015835. The phylogenetic study demonstrated that GLRaV-3 ukr was closely related to isolates from Russia (MZ065372 and MZ065370).
{"title":"A Survey of Grapevine Leafroll-Associated Virus 1 and 3 in the South of Ukraine and Development of Primers for GLRaV-3 Identification","authors":"A. Kyrychenko, K. Hrynchuk, I. Antipov, A. Konup","doi":"10.15407/microbiolj84.03.082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj84.03.082","url":null,"abstract":"Viticulture is one of the most intensive and complex branches of Ukraine agriculture. Grapevine virus diseases are responsible for considerable economic losses to grape productivity and wine industries. One of the most notable and widespread viruses associated with vine leafroll disease is grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaV), belonging to the genus Ampelovirus, family Closteroviridae. Thus, the aim of this study was to conduct a survey targeting two viruses involved in the grapevine leafroll, namely grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1 (GLRaV-1) and virus 3(GLRaV-3) distributed in commercial wine grapes growing in the vineyards of the Ovidiopol and Bolhrad districts of the Odesa region. For efficient and accurate virus detection, we aimed to design universal primers based on conserved nucleotide sequences. Methods. Virus surveys of vineyards, visual diagnosis, immunoassay (ELISA), polymerase chain reaction with reverse transcription (RT-PCR), and Sanger sequencing of partial genome sequences of GLRaV. Results. The results obtained indicate that grapevine leafroll disease symptoms in field-grown grapevines in the south of Ukraine are caused by GLRaV-3. GLRaV-1 was not detected in any of the samples tested. To confirm the presence of GLRaV-3 in the samples, specific primers were designed targeting the coat protein region (GLRaV3-7f 5’-AGTAGGGGATGCAGCACAAG-3’; GLRaV3-7r 5’-ATCCAAAGCTATTCCCTTGC-3’) of the virus. A new set of primers (GLRaV3-7f / GLRaV3-7r) has been validated for sensitive detection of GLRaV-3 by RT-PCR and may be useful for routine virus detection in the laboratory as well as for large-scale testing. The partial coat protein gene of the isolate, GLRaV-3 ukr, distributed in the south of Ukraine, was sequenced, and the obtained sequence was deposited in GenBank under Acc. No. ON015835. The phylogenetic study demonstrated that GLRaV-3 ukr was closely related to isolates from Russia (MZ065372 and MZ065370).","PeriodicalId":18628,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiolohichnyi zhurnal","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88595043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-17DOI: 10.15407/microbiolj84.03.069
N. Rybalchenko, К.S. Naumenko, L. Artiukh, V. Demchenko, О.P. Masiuchok, V. Ovsyankina, T. Rybalchenko, V.V. Yurzhenko
Silver nanoparticles have become the focus of numerous researchers to create efficient antimicrobial and antiviral agents due to their pronounced pharmacological effects, low toxicity to the human body and the environment, and high stability in extreme conditions. To create antimicrobial drugs with silver nanoparticles, matrices from polymers of both synthetic and natural origin are used. Biopolymer polylactide (PLA) is one of the most promising materials for 3D printing (additive production) due to its physicochemical and technological properties. The aim of the work was to study the antimicrobial and antiviral activity of silver-containing nanocomposites formed on the basis of PLA with the addition of chitosan or polyethyleneimine (PEI) by 3D printing technology. Methods. Peculiarities of the structural organization of silver-containing materials were investigated by the method of wide-angle radiography on an XRD-7000 diffractometer. The morphology of the samples was studied by transmission electron microscopy on a JEM-1230 instrument. Filament formation proceeded through melting PLA-AgPalm-PEI or PLA-AgPalm-chitosan films in an extruder at a temperature of T=160±1°С. Samples were formed from the obtained filaments using a 3D printer. Th e antimicrobial activity of silvercontaining nanocomposites was determined by the disk diffusion method against opportunistic pathogens S. aureus and E. coli. Cytotoxicity and antiviral activity were investigated using the MTT method and staining by gentian violet. Results. Analysis of wide-angle X-ray diffraction patterns of products formed by 3D printing technology at 160°C showed that PLA-Ag-PEI and PLA-Ag-chitosan materials contain metallic silver. Analysis of microphotographs of PLA-4%Ag-PEI and PLA-4%Ag-chitosan products formed by 3D printing technology showed that silver nanoparticles formed by adding chitosan as a reducing agent and stabilizer to the polymer matrix of PLA are much smaller than when using PEI. Silver-containing nanocomposite samples, such as filaments and products formed from PLA-4%Ag-PEI and PLA-4%Agchitosan films subjected to heat treatment and without heat treatment, show antimicrobial activity against test cultures of S. aureus and E. coli. It was found that nanocomposites based on PEI and chitosan do not show cytotoxic effects in MDCK and HEP-2 cultures. Nanocomposites of both types show a weak antiviral effect against adenovirus serotype 2; the reduction of infectious titer was 0.5 lgTCID50/mL. None of the studied nanocomposites showed antiviral action on the influenza virus model. Conclusions. The investigated silver-containing nanocomposites with a silver concentration of 4% by weight, formed by 3D printing technology from PLA-4%Ag-PEI and PLA-4%Ag-chitosan films, show antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and E. coli test cultures and antiviral activity on influenza A virus and human adenovirus and do not show a cytotoxic effect on cells. The obtained data allow us to state t
银纳米颗粒具有药理作用显著、对人体和环境毒性低、在极端条件下具有较高的稳定性等特点，已成为众多研究人员开发高效抗菌和抗病毒药物的热点。要用银纳米颗粒制造抗菌药物，需要使用合成聚合物和天然聚合物的基质。生物聚合物聚乳酸(PLA)由于其物理化学和工艺性能而成为3D打印(增材生产)最有前途的材料之一。本工作的目的是通过3D打印技术研究在聚乳酸的基础上添加壳聚糖或聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)形成的含银纳米复合材料的抗菌和抗病毒活性。方法。用XRD-7000衍射仪广角射线照相法研究了含银材料的结构组织特性。在JEM-1230型透射电镜上观察样品的形貌。在T=160±1°С的温度下，将PLA-AgPalm-PEI或pla - agpalm -壳聚糖薄膜熔化成丝。用3D打印机将获得的细丝制成样品。采用纸片扩散法测定含银纳米复合材料对条件致病菌金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌活性。采用MTT法和龙胆紫染色法研究其细胞毒性和抗病毒活性。结果。在160℃下对3D打印技术形成的产品进行广角x射线衍射图分析，发现PLA-Ag-PEI和pla - ag -壳聚糖材料中含有金属银。对3D打印技术制备的PLA-4% ag -PEI和PLA-4% ag -壳聚糖产品的显微照片分析表明，在PLA的聚合物基体中加入壳聚糖作为还原剂和稳定剂形成的银纳米粒子比使用PEI时要小得多。含银纳米复合材料样品，如由PLA-4%Ag-PEI和pla -4% ag壳聚糖薄膜经热处理和不经热处理形成的细丝和产物，对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的试验培养物显示出抗菌活性。我们发现PEI和壳聚糖纳米复合材料在MDCK和HEP-2培养中没有细胞毒性作用。两种类型的纳米复合材料对血清2型腺病毒的抗病毒作用较弱;感染滴度降低0.5 lgTCID50/mL。所研究的纳米复合材料均未对流感病毒模型显示抗病毒作用。结论。采用3D打印技术，将PLA-4%Ag-PEI和pla -4% ag -壳聚糖薄膜制成银浓度为重量比4%的含银纳米复合材料，对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌试验培养物具有抗菌活性，对甲型流感病毒和人类腺病毒具有抗病毒活性，并且对细胞没有细胞毒性作用。所得数据表明，所研究的含银纳米复合材料是一种很有前途的抗菌剂，可用于医药和食品工业的各个领域。
{"title":"Antimicrobial and Antiviral Activity of Silver-Containing Nanocomposites Formed by 3D Printing Technology","authors":"N. Rybalchenko, К.S. Naumenko, L. Artiukh, V. Demchenko, О.P. Masiuchok, V. Ovsyankina, T. Rybalchenko, V.V. Yurzhenko","doi":"10.15407/microbiolj84.03.069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj84.03.069","url":null,"abstract":"Silver nanoparticles have become the focus of numerous researchers to create efficient antimicrobial and antiviral agents due to their pronounced pharmacological effects, low toxicity to the human body and the environment, and high stability in extreme conditions. To create antimicrobial drugs with silver nanoparticles, matrices from polymers of both synthetic and natural origin are used. Biopolymer polylactide (PLA) is one of the most promising materials for 3D printing (additive production) due to its physicochemical and technological properties. The aim of the work was to study the antimicrobial and antiviral activity of silver-containing nanocomposites formed on the basis of PLA with the addition of chitosan or polyethyleneimine (PEI) by 3D printing technology. Methods. Peculiarities of the structural organization of silver-containing materials were investigated by the method of wide-angle radiography on an XRD-7000 diffractometer. The morphology of the samples was studied by transmission electron microscopy on a JEM-1230 instrument. Filament formation proceeded through melting PLA-AgPalm-PEI or PLA-AgPalm-chitosan films in an extruder at a temperature of T=160±1°С. Samples were formed from the obtained filaments using a 3D printer. Th e antimicrobial activity of silvercontaining nanocomposites was determined by the disk diffusion method against opportunistic pathogens S. aureus and E. coli. Cytotoxicity and antiviral activity were investigated using the MTT method and staining by gentian violet. Results. Analysis of wide-angle X-ray diffraction patterns of products formed by 3D printing technology at 160°C showed that PLA-Ag-PEI and PLA-Ag-chitosan materials contain metallic silver. Analysis of microphotographs of PLA-4%Ag-PEI and PLA-4%Ag-chitosan products formed by 3D printing technology showed that silver nanoparticles formed by adding chitosan as a reducing agent and stabilizer to the polymer matrix of PLA are much smaller than when using PEI. Silver-containing nanocomposite samples, such as filaments and products formed from PLA-4%Ag-PEI and PLA-4%Agchitosan films subjected to heat treatment and without heat treatment, show antimicrobial activity against test cultures of S. aureus and E. coli. It was found that nanocomposites based on PEI and chitosan do not show cytotoxic effects in MDCK and HEP-2 cultures. Nanocomposites of both types show a weak antiviral effect against adenovirus serotype 2; the reduction of infectious titer was 0.5 lgTCID50/mL. None of the studied nanocomposites showed antiviral action on the influenza virus model. Conclusions. The investigated silver-containing nanocomposites with a silver concentration of 4% by weight, formed by 3D printing technology from PLA-4%Ag-PEI and PLA-4%Ag-chitosan films, show antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and E. coli test cultures and antiviral activity on influenza A virus and human adenovirus and do not show a cytotoxic effect on cells. The obtained data allow us to state t","PeriodicalId":18628,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiolohichnyi zhurnal","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84599799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-28DOI: 10.15407/microbiolj84.02.012
I. Gumeniuk, A. Levishko, O. Demyanyuk, O. Sherstoboeva
Оbjective. The article presents the results of research aimed at determining the influence of different methods of tillage on the functional diversity of the soil microbiota. Soil samples containing plant residues from agricultural plots under conventional and organic farming in the Kyiv oblast were used for the study. Methods. Analysis of soil microbiota using differential diagnostic nutrient media by serial dilutions of soil suspension was performed. To quantify the phosphate-mobilizing properties of the isolated microorganisms, the concentration of phosphorus in the solution was measured (grown in NBRIP liquid medium) and detected by the Arenius spectrophotometric method on a Ulab 102UV Spectrophotometer. Results. Th e soil of the plots under organic agrotechnology of cultivation was marked by a greater number of microorganisms of all ecological and trophic groups, except oligonitrophilic and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria. The vast majority of phosphate-transforming bacteria were isolated from the soil of agricultural plots under convection farming. The largest number of cellulose-degrading isolates was isolated from the soil under organic farming plots. Five isolates have the widest range of agronomically useful properties, in particular, the ability to mobilize organic and inorganic phosphates and cellulosolytic activity: 6b, 13b, 18b, 19b, and 8m. After incubation of the isolates on an NBRIP medium at 28°C and 200 rpm for 72 hr, special analyzes for dissolved phosphorus content and pH level in the culture fluid were performed. Isolate 8m selected from chornozem (black soil) under convection agriculture and classified by us as Trichoderma sp. exhibited the highest phosphate-mobilizing activity. The vast majority of bacteria capable of phosphate transformation were isolated from the soil of agricultural areas affected by convection agriculture; and isolates capable of dissolving cellulose — from the soil of organic farming. Conclusions. The initial identification of certain isolates allowed us to classify them as Bacillus and Trichoderma. These isolates are important for further research with the prospect of creating a complex biological preparation with fungicidal properties and the ability to mobilize organic and inorganic phosphorus compounds.
{"title":"Properties of Microorganisms Isolated from Soils under Conventional and Organic Farming","authors":"I. Gumeniuk, A. Levishko, O. Demyanyuk, O. Sherstoboeva","doi":"10.15407/microbiolj84.02.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj84.02.012","url":null,"abstract":"Оbjective. The article presents the results of research aimed at determining the influence of different methods of tillage on the functional diversity of the soil microbiota. Soil samples containing plant residues from agricultural plots under conventional and organic farming in the Kyiv oblast were used for the study. Methods. Analysis of soil microbiota using differential diagnostic nutrient media by serial dilutions of soil suspension was performed. To quantify the phosphate-mobilizing properties of the isolated microorganisms, the concentration of phosphorus in the solution was measured (grown in NBRIP liquid medium) and detected by the Arenius spectrophotometric method on a Ulab 102UV Spectrophotometer. Results. Th e soil of the plots under organic agrotechnology of cultivation was marked by a greater number of microorganisms of all ecological and trophic groups, except oligonitrophilic and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria. The vast majority of phosphate-transforming bacteria were isolated from the soil of agricultural plots under convection farming. The largest number of cellulose-degrading isolates was isolated from the soil under organic farming plots. Five isolates have the widest range of agronomically useful properties, in particular, the ability to mobilize organic and inorganic phosphates and cellulosolytic activity: 6b, 13b, 18b, 19b, and 8m. After incubation of the isolates on an NBRIP medium at 28°C and 200 rpm for 72 hr, special analyzes for dissolved phosphorus content and pH level in the culture fluid were performed. Isolate 8m selected from chornozem (black soil) under convection agriculture and classified by us as Trichoderma sp. exhibited the highest phosphate-mobilizing activity. The vast majority of bacteria capable of phosphate transformation were isolated from the soil of agricultural areas affected by convection agriculture; and isolates capable of dissolving cellulose — from the soil of organic farming. Conclusions. The initial identification of certain isolates allowed us to classify them as Bacillus and Trichoderma. These isolates are important for further research with the prospect of creating a complex biological preparation with fungicidal properties and the ability to mobilize organic and inorganic phosphorus compounds.","PeriodicalId":18628,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiolohichnyi zhurnal","volume":"73 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72585662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-28DOI: 10.15407/microbiolj84.02.024
M. Dimova, G. Iutynska
Changes in the lipid composition in bacterial membranes are considered to be the most important adaptation mechanisms to adverse chemical factors. The aim of the study was to compare the hexachlorobenzene effects on the fatty acid composition of total lipids Comamonas testosteroni. Methods. The study was performed with C. testosteroni UCM B-400 and B-401, B-213 strains. Bacteria were grown in the Luria-Bertrani (LB) liquid medium containing 10 and 20 mg/L of hexachlorobenzene (HCB). After cultivation, the biomass was separated by centrifugation and the fatty acid composition of total lipids was determined through analyzing its methyl esters. To assess the cell membrane properties, such parameters as the lipid unsaturation index, the average carbon chain length of fatty acids, and the membrane viscosity index were determined. Results. In the fatty acids spectrum of C. testosteroni B-400 after cultivation in a medium containing 20 mg/L of HCB, the contents of unsaturated hexadecenoic (C16:1) and octadecenoic (C18:1) acids were lower by 10.6 and 5.5%, respectively, and that of saturated hexadecanoic (C16:0) acid was higher by 8.4%, compared to the control. The fatty acid composition of C. testosteroni B-401 was more stable compared to strain B-400. Collection strain C. testosteroni B-213 compared to strains isolated from soil with high HCB load, in the presence of 10 and 20 mg/L of HCB had the highest relative content of saturated hexadecanoic acid (C16:0) up to 38.33—40.7%. Unsaturated octadecenoic acid decreased at the doses 10 and 20 mg/L to 1.5—2% compared to the control. In all strains under the HCB impact, there was an increase in the relative content of C17-cyclopropanoic acid compared to control variants. Conclusions. C. testosteroni UCM B-400, B-401, and B-213 bacteria under cultivation conditions in HCB-containing medium, decreasing the degree of lipid unsaturation and increasing the relative content of C17-cyclopropanoic acid can be considered as the main mechanisms regulating the cytoplasmic membrane fluidity; the displaying of these protective reactions had a strain trait and did not depend on the adaptation in natural isolating places.
{"title":"Fatty Acid Composition of Comamonas testosteroni under Hexachlorobenzene Loading Conditions","authors":"M. Dimova, G. Iutynska","doi":"10.15407/microbiolj84.02.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj84.02.024","url":null,"abstract":"Changes in the lipid composition in bacterial membranes are considered to be the most important adaptation mechanisms to adverse chemical factors. The aim of the study was to compare the hexachlorobenzene effects on the fatty acid composition of total lipids Comamonas testosteroni. Methods. The study was performed with C. testosteroni UCM B-400 and B-401, B-213 strains. Bacteria were grown in the Luria-Bertrani (LB) liquid medium containing 10 and 20 mg/L of hexachlorobenzene (HCB). After cultivation, the biomass was separated by centrifugation and the fatty acid composition of total lipids was determined through analyzing its methyl esters. To assess the cell membrane properties, such parameters as the lipid unsaturation index, the average carbon chain length of fatty acids, and the membrane viscosity index were determined. Results. In the fatty acids spectrum of C. testosteroni B-400 after cultivation in a medium containing 20 mg/L of HCB, the contents of unsaturated hexadecenoic (C16:1) and octadecenoic (C18:1) acids were lower by 10.6 and 5.5%, respectively, and that of saturated hexadecanoic (C16:0) acid was higher by 8.4%, compared to the control. The fatty acid composition of C. testosteroni B-401 was more stable compared to strain B-400. Collection strain C. testosteroni B-213 compared to strains isolated from soil with high HCB load, in the presence of 10 and 20 mg/L of HCB had the highest relative content of saturated hexadecanoic acid (C16:0) up to 38.33—40.7%. Unsaturated octadecenoic acid decreased at the doses 10 and 20 mg/L to 1.5—2% compared to the control. In all strains under the HCB impact, there was an increase in the relative content of C17-cyclopropanoic acid compared to control variants. Conclusions. C. testosteroni UCM B-400, B-401, and B-213 bacteria under cultivation conditions in HCB-containing medium, decreasing the degree of lipid unsaturation and increasing the relative content of C17-cyclopropanoic acid can be considered as the main mechanisms regulating the cytoplasmic membrane fluidity; the displaying of these protective reactions had a strain trait and did not depend on the adaptation in natural isolating places.","PeriodicalId":18628,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiolohichnyi zhurnal","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86189188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-28DOI: 10.15407/microbiolj84.02.057
T. Pirog, D. Piatetska, N. Klymenko, G. Iutynska
Among plant hormones, auxins, in particular indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), are the most studied and researched. Almost all groups of soil microorganisms, both plant-associated and non-plant-associated bacteria, fungi, and phytopathogenic microorganisms are capable of producing auxins. The development of preparations for crop production is directly related to the production of bacterial strains with high auxin-synthesizing potential, which is possible only with a full understanding of the ways of regulation and synthesis of auxins in bacteria. The synthesis of auxins in microorganisms can take place in two ways: by the gradual conversion of tryptophan to IAA (tryptophan-dependent pathway) or by the use of other intermediates (tryptophan-independent pathway). The latter is poorly clarified, and in the literature available today, there is only a small amount of information on the functioning of this pathway in microorganisms. The review presents literature data on the ways of auxin biosynthesis in different groups of microorganisms, as well as approaches to the intensification of indole-3-acetic acid synthesis. The formation of IAA from tryptophan can be carried out in the following ways: through indole-3-pyruvate, through indole-3-acetamide, and through indole-3-acetonitrile. The vast majority of available publications are related to the assimilation of tryptophan through the formation of indole-3-pyruvate as this pathway is the most common among microorganisms. Thus, it functions in rhizospheric, symbiotic, endophytic, and free-living bacteria. The concentration of synthesized IAA among natural strains is in the range from 260 to 1130 μg/mL. Microorganisms in which the indole-3-acetamide pathway functions are characterized by lower auxin-synthesizing ability compared to those that assimilate tryptophan through indole-3-pyruvate. These include bacteria of the genera Streptomyces, Pseudomonas, and Bradyrhizobium and fungi of the genus Fusarium. The level of synthesis of IAA in such microorganisms is from 1.17×10−4 to 255.6 μg/mL. To date, only two strains that assimilate tryptophan via the indole-3-acetonitrile pathway and form up to 31.5 μg/mL IAA have been described in the available literature. To intensify the synthesis of indole-3-acetic acid, researchers use two main approaches: the first consists in introducing into the culture medium of exogenous precursors of biosynthesis (usually tryptophan, less often indole-3-pyruvate, indole-3-acetamide, and indole-3-acetonitrile); the second — in increasing the expression of the corresponding genes and creating recomindolebinant strains-supersynthetics of IAA. The largest number of publications is devoted to increasing the synthesis of IAA in the presence of biosynthesis precursors. Depending on the type of bacteria, the composition of the nutrient medium, and the amount of exogenously introduced precursor, the synthesis of the final product was increased by 1.2—27 times compared to that before the intensi
{"title":"Ways of Auxin Biosynthesis in Microorganisms","authors":"T. Pirog, D. Piatetska, N. Klymenko, G. Iutynska","doi":"10.15407/microbiolj84.02.057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj84.02.057","url":null,"abstract":"Among plant hormones, auxins, in particular indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), are the most studied and researched. Almost all groups of soil microorganisms, both plant-associated and non-plant-associated bacteria, fungi, and phytopathogenic microorganisms are capable of producing auxins. The development of preparations for crop production is directly related to the production of bacterial strains with high auxin-synthesizing potential, which is possible only with a full understanding of the ways of regulation and synthesis of auxins in bacteria. The synthesis of auxins in microorganisms can take place in two ways: by the gradual conversion of tryptophan to IAA (tryptophan-dependent pathway) or by the use of other intermediates (tryptophan-independent pathway). The latter is poorly clarified, and in the literature available today, there is only a small amount of information on the functioning of this pathway in microorganisms. The review presents literature data on the ways of auxin biosynthesis in different groups of microorganisms, as well as approaches to the intensification of indole-3-acetic acid synthesis. The formation of IAA from tryptophan can be carried out in the following ways: through indole-3-pyruvate, through indole-3-acetamide, and through indole-3-acetonitrile. The vast majority of available publications are related to the assimilation of tryptophan through the formation of indole-3-pyruvate as this pathway is the most common among microorganisms. Thus, it functions in rhizospheric, symbiotic, endophytic, and free-living bacteria. The concentration of synthesized IAA among natural strains is in the range from 260 to 1130 μg/mL. Microorganisms in which the indole-3-acetamide pathway functions are characterized by lower auxin-synthesizing ability compared to those that assimilate tryptophan through indole-3-pyruvate. These include bacteria of the genera Streptomyces, Pseudomonas, and Bradyrhizobium and fungi of the genus Fusarium. The level of synthesis of IAA in such microorganisms is from 1.17×10−4 to 255.6 μg/mL. To date, only two strains that assimilate tryptophan via the indole-3-acetonitrile pathway and form up to 31.5 μg/mL IAA have been described in the available literature. To intensify the synthesis of indole-3-acetic acid, researchers use two main approaches: the first consists in introducing into the culture medium of exogenous precursors of biosynthesis (usually tryptophan, less often indole-3-pyruvate, indole-3-acetamide, and indole-3-acetonitrile); the second — in increasing the expression of the corresponding genes and creating recomindolebinant strains-supersynthetics of IAA. The largest number of publications is devoted to increasing the synthesis of IAA in the presence of biosynthesis precursors. Depending on the type of bacteria, the composition of the nutrient medium, and the amount of exogenously introduced precursor, the synthesis of the final product was increased by 1.2—27 times compared to that before the intensi","PeriodicalId":18628,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiolohichnyi zhurnal","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82201017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-28DOI: 10.15407/microbiolj84.02.047
K. Naumenko, A. Ievtushenko, V. Karpyna, O. Bykov, L. Myroniuk
The search and development of new nanostructures and nanomaterials are very important for the progress of nanotechnology and modern microbiology. Due to the unique properties of silver and zinc oxide, these nanoparticles are the optimal basis for creating nanostructures with potential antiviral activity. An important issue in these studies is the establishment of cytotoxicity of these nanoparticles and their composites. Aim. To define the influence of substrate temperature and Ag concentration in ZnO lattice on the microstructure and cytotoxicity of zinc oxide nanostructures. Methods. Pure and Ag-doped ZnO nanostructures were grown on Ag/Si substrates by atmospheric pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition method using a mixture of zinc acetylacetonate and silver acetylacetonate powders as a precursor. Argentum thin films were deposited on Si substrates by a thermal evaporation method. MTT-assay was used for the analysis of MDBK and MDCK cell viability in the definition of zinc oxide nanostructure cytotoxicity. Results. Ag-doped zinc oxide nanostructures were grown and characterized by X-ray diff raction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. It was found that Si substrate and pure zinc oxide do not inhibit the cell viability of both epithelial cultures whereas Ag-doped ZnO nanostructures inhibit the cell viability because of all-time exposure in a sample without dilution. The cytotoxic effect was not observed at higher dilutions for Ag-doped zinc oxide nanostructures. Conclusions. The investigation of the effect of Ag-doping on the morphology and cytotoxicity of zinc oxide nanostructures is very important for implementing zinc oxide nanostructures into the current optoelectronics and photocatalysis.
{"title":"The Effect of Ag-Doping on the Cytotoxicity of ZnO Nanostructures Grown on Ag/Si Substrates by APMOCVD","authors":"K. Naumenko, A. Ievtushenko, V. Karpyna, O. Bykov, L. Myroniuk","doi":"10.15407/microbiolj84.02.047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj84.02.047","url":null,"abstract":"The search and development of new nanostructures and nanomaterials are very important for the progress of nanotechnology and modern microbiology. Due to the unique properties of silver and zinc oxide, these nanoparticles are the optimal basis for creating nanostructures with potential antiviral activity. An important issue in these studies is the establishment of cytotoxicity of these nanoparticles and their composites. Aim. To define the influence of substrate temperature and Ag concentration in ZnO lattice on the microstructure and cytotoxicity of zinc oxide nanostructures. Methods. Pure and Ag-doped ZnO nanostructures were grown on Ag/Si substrates by atmospheric pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition method using a mixture of zinc acetylacetonate and silver acetylacetonate powders as a precursor. Argentum thin films were deposited on Si substrates by a thermal evaporation method. MTT-assay was used for the analysis of MDBK and MDCK cell viability in the definition of zinc oxide nanostructure cytotoxicity. Results. Ag-doped zinc oxide nanostructures were grown and characterized by X-ray diff raction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. It was found that Si substrate and pure zinc oxide do not inhibit the cell viability of both epithelial cultures whereas Ag-doped ZnO nanostructures inhibit the cell viability because of all-time exposure in a sample without dilution. The cytotoxic effect was not observed at higher dilutions for Ag-doped zinc oxide nanostructures. Conclusions. The investigation of the effect of Ag-doping on the morphology and cytotoxicity of zinc oxide nanostructures is very important for implementing zinc oxide nanostructures into the current optoelectronics and photocatalysis.","PeriodicalId":18628,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiolohichnyi zhurnal","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73525085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-28DOI: 10.15407/microbiolj84.02.040
H. K. Yakob, L. R. Hamad, M. B. Farhan
Due to the medical and epidemiological importance of the spread of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, this study was conducted for the purpose of isolating and diagnosing these bacteria from local sheep meat and butcher's tools in Baghdad. Methods. 200 samples were collected. Mannitol salt agar and Staph.110 medium were used to isolate the bacteria. The isolates were identified using standard cultivation methods, biochemical tests, the GP24 diagnostic system, and an integrated Vitek 2 device. The isolates were tested for sensitivity to methicillin by the disk diff usion method. DNA was extracted and the mecA gene was detected in the isolates that showed methicillin resistance by polymerase chain reaction. Results. S. aureus was diagnosed in 83 (41.5%) of the samples. Of them, 35 (42.2%) were methicillin-resistant. Out of these, 24 (68.6%) were found to have the mecA gene. Conclusions. Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus strains were detected with a high prevalence due to the underdeveloped reality of slaughter places.
{"title":"Isolation and Diagnosis of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Meat and Butcher Tool Surfaces in Baghdad","authors":"H. K. Yakob, L. R. Hamad, M. B. Farhan","doi":"10.15407/microbiolj84.02.040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj84.02.040","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the medical and epidemiological importance of the spread of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, this study was conducted for the purpose of isolating and diagnosing these bacteria from local sheep meat and butcher's tools in Baghdad. Methods. 200 samples were collected. Mannitol salt agar and Staph.110 medium were used to isolate the bacteria. The isolates were identified using standard cultivation methods, biochemical tests, the GP24 diagnostic system, and an integrated Vitek 2 device. The isolates were tested for sensitivity to methicillin by the disk diff usion method. DNA was extracted and the mecA gene was detected in the isolates that showed methicillin resistance by polymerase chain reaction. Results. S. aureus was diagnosed in 83 (41.5%) of the samples. Of them, 35 (42.2%) were methicillin-resistant. Out of these, 24 (68.6%) were found to have the mecA gene. Conclusions. Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus strains were detected with a high prevalence due to the underdeveloped reality of slaughter places.","PeriodicalId":18628,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiolohichnyi zhurnal","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72997439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-28DOI: 10.15407/microbiolj84.02.003
E. Afanasenko, I. Seifullina, O. E. Martsinko, L. Konup, M. Kyryk
Objective. To study the antimicrobial activity of double coordination compounds with 1,10-phenanthroline/2,2ʹ-bipyridine complexes of Fe(II)/Co(II)/Ni(II)/Cu(II) as cations and diff erent tartratogermanate(IV) anions, reveal the main factors of their effi ciency and establish relations between their composition, structure features, and biological properties. Methods. The developed synthesis method allowed us to obtain three diff erent tartratogermanate anions, which exist together in the solution and can be selectively recognized by the certain type of 1,10-phenanthroline/2,2ʹ-bipyridine cation. Th e antimicrobial activity of the compound was investigated by a rapid twofold dilution method in a standard liquid nutrient medium (Hottinger digestion) to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). Results. Th e complex nature of studied compounds, synergism of their biologically active structural units, and the presence of diff erent types of intermolecular bonds result in the high antimicrobial activity against a wide range of microorganisms such as gram-positive Planococcus citreus, Microcoсcus luteus, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus lactis, and, in a less degree, gram-negative Escherichia coli and Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Compounds (1)—(8) show a high antimicrobial activity because all of them belong to the type of double coordination compounds and contain similar structural units. Nevertheless, complexes (1) (23.44 μg/mL), (3) (46.9 μg/mL), (4) (23.44 μg/mL), and (8) (46.9 μg/mL) turned out to be the most eff ective, while (6) (>500 μg/mL) and (7) (>500 μg/mL) are less productive. Complexes that have anions [Ge2(OH)(H2Tart)(μ-Tart)2]3- (1), (8) and [Ge2(OH)(HTart)(μ-Tart)2]4- (4) with free hydroxyl and carboxyl groups of the terminal tartaric acid are able to interact with metals in the enzymes of microorganisms and appear to be better antimicrobial drugs because they show lower inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations. Conclusions. Structural features such as the cation-anionic type of compounds, variability of intermolecular interactions, joint of diff erent biologically active units and free chelating groups in tartaric ligands lead to the combination of different action mechanisms and exclude the possibility of strain resistance.
{"title":"Double Coordination Compounds of Fe(II)/Co(II)/Ni(II)/Cu(II) 1,10-Phenanthroline/2,2ʹ-Bipyridine Cations with Tartratogermanate(IV) Anions as Novel Nonresistant Antimicrobial Agents","authors":"E. Afanasenko, I. Seifullina, O. E. Martsinko, L. Konup, M. Kyryk","doi":"10.15407/microbiolj84.02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj84.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To study the antimicrobial activity of double coordination compounds with 1,10-phenanthroline/2,2ʹ-bipyridine complexes of Fe(II)/Co(II)/Ni(II)/Cu(II) as cations and diff erent tartratogermanate(IV) anions, reveal the main factors of their effi ciency and establish relations between their composition, structure features, and biological properties. Methods. The developed synthesis method allowed us to obtain three diff erent tartratogermanate anions, which exist together in the solution and can be selectively recognized by the certain type of 1,10-phenanthroline/2,2ʹ-bipyridine cation. Th e antimicrobial activity of the compound was investigated by a rapid twofold dilution method in a standard liquid nutrient medium (Hottinger digestion) to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). Results. Th e complex nature of studied compounds, synergism of their biologically active structural units, and the presence of diff erent types of intermolecular bonds result in the high antimicrobial activity against a wide range of microorganisms such as gram-positive Planococcus citreus, Microcoсcus luteus, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus lactis, and, in a less degree, gram-negative Escherichia coli and Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Compounds (1)—(8) show a high antimicrobial activity because all of them belong to the type of double coordination compounds and contain similar structural units. Nevertheless, complexes (1) (23.44 μg/mL), (3) (46.9 μg/mL), (4) (23.44 μg/mL), and (8) (46.9 μg/mL) turned out to be the most eff ective, while (6) (>500 μg/mL) and (7) (>500 μg/mL) are less productive. Complexes that have anions [Ge2(OH)(H2Tart)(μ-Tart)2]3- (1), (8) and [Ge2(OH)(HTart)(μ-Tart)2]4- (4) with free hydroxyl and carboxyl groups of the terminal tartaric acid are able to interact with metals in the enzymes of microorganisms and appear to be better antimicrobial drugs because they show lower inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations. Conclusions. Structural features such as the cation-anionic type of compounds, variability of intermolecular interactions, joint of diff erent biologically active units and free chelating groups in tartaric ligands lead to the combination of different action mechanisms and exclude the possibility of strain resistance.","PeriodicalId":18628,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiolohichnyi zhurnal","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82048357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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