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Burden of Musculoskeletal Injuries in U.S. Active Duty Service Members: A 12-Year Study Spanning Fiscal Years 2010-2021. 美国现役军人肌肉骨骼损伤的负担:跨越 2010-2021 财政年度的 12 年研究。
IF 1.2 4区 医学 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usae357
Veronika Pav, Xiaoning Yuan, Brad Isaacson, Courtney Colahan, Ben Hando

Background: Musculoskeletal injuries (MSKIs) represent the most substantial and enduring threat to U.S. military readiness. Previous studies have focused on narrow surveillance periods, single branches of service, and used variable approaches for MSKI identification and classification. Therefore, the goals of this retrospective population study were to report the incidence, prevalence, and types of MSKIs sustained by active duty service members (ADSMs) across four Services in direct care (DC) and private sector care (PC) settings over fiscal years (FYs) 2010-2021, and to quantify and describe associated health care utilization and PC costs over the same period.

Methods: This study included ADSMs from the Air Force, Army, Marine Corps, and Navy. Prevalence and incidence rates for Head/Neck, Upper Extremity (UE), Spine (upper back, middle back, lower back, pelvic), and Lower Extremity (LE) MSKIs in ADSMs, associated health care utilization, and PC costs were derived by querying electronic health records from DC, PC claims, and theater medical data from the Military Health System Data Repository. Patient episodes of care and associated PC costs related to MSKIs in DC and PC settings were classified into mutually exclusive outpatient encounter categories and acute inpatient stays, body regions, and Services.

Results: Over FY10-21, the most prevalent MSKIs were LE (24-29%) followed by Spine (17-20%), UE (14-16%), and Head/Neck (6-8%). Across FY10-21, soldiers were more likely to sustain LE MSKI than Airmen (risk ratio 1.12-1.30) and Marines demonstrated an increasing risk of LE MSKI prevalence and incidence (relative to Airmen) over the study period. The rise in prevalence of LE, Spine, UE, and Head/Neck MSKIs over FY10-21 was accompanied by increased health care utilization and reliance on PC care, especially same-day surgeries (SDS). PC reliance for SDS increased across body regions from FY10 to its peak in FY20 (Head/Neck: 22.7% to 49.7%, Spine: 37.1% to 57.0%, LE: 38.6% to 51.5%, UE: 40.4% to 53.5%). In FY21, the MHS incurred the highest PC costs for LE MSKIs ($132,242,289), followed by Spine ($98,738,863), UE ($92,118,071), and Head/Neck ($42,718,754).

Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first population study of MSKIs in ADSMs spanning the ICD-10 CM transition (FY15-16) that includes the four Services. Across Services, MSKIs in the U.S. military remain a prevalent and persistent problem. Consistent with prior research, the LE was the most common and costly body region affected by MSKIs. Service members with MSKIs demonstrated an increasing reliance on PC for MSKI care, particularly SDS, over the study period. Expanding future research efforts to include all Services to assess risk factors and patient outcomes for treatments across DC and PC settings is vital to mitigate the threat posed by MSKIs to the readiness of the U.S. Armed Forces.

背景:肌肉骨骼损伤 (MSKI) 是对美军战备状态最严重和最持久的威胁。以前的研究主要集中在狭窄的监测期内和单一的军种,并使用不同的方法对 MSKI 进行识别和分类。因此,这项回顾性人群研究的目标是报告 2010-2021 财年(FYs)期间四个军种的现役军人(ADSMs)在直接护理(DC)和私营部门护理(PC)环境中遭受 MSKIs 的发生率、流行率和类型,并量化和描述同期相关的医疗保健利用率和 PC 成本:本研究包括来自空军、陆军、海军陆战队和海军的 ADSM。通过查询华盛顿特区的电子健康记录、个人计算机索赔以及军事健康系统数据存储库中的战区医疗数据,得出了 ADSM 中头颈部、上肢 (UE)、脊柱(上背部、中背部、下背部、骨盆)和下肢 (LE) MSKI 的流行率和发病率、相关医疗保健利用率以及个人计算机成本。在DC和PC环境中,与MSKIs相关的患者护理事件和相关PC成本被分为相互排斥的门诊病人就诊类别和急性住院病人住院类别、身体部位和服务项目:在 2010-21 财年期间,最常见的 MSKI 是左侧肢体(24-29%),其次是脊柱(17-20%)、上肢(14-16%)和头颈部(6-8%)。在整个 2010-21 财政年度,士兵比空军士兵更有可能遭受 LE MSKI(风险比为 1.12-1.30),海军陆战队员在研究期间的 LE MSKI 流行率和发病率(相对于空军士兵)呈上升趋势。在 10-21 财政年度期间,LE、脊柱、UE 和头颈部 MSKI 发病率上升的同时,医疗保健利用率和对 PC 护理的依赖性也在增加,特别是当天手术(SDS)。从 2010 财政年度到 20 财政年度的高峰期,各地区对 SDS 的 PC 依赖度均有所上升(头颈部:22.7% 上升至 49.7%;脊柱:37.1% 上升至 57.0%;LE:38.6% 上升至 51.5%;UE:40.4% 上升至 53.5%)。21 财政年度,医疗服务部在腰椎间盘突出症 MSKI 方面的 PC 费用最高(132,242,289 美元),其次是脊柱(98,738,863 美元)、上肢下肢(92,118,071 美元)和头颈部(42,718,754 美元):据我们所知,这是首次对ADSM中的MSKIs进行人口研究,研究时间跨越ICD-10 CM过渡时期(15-16财年),其中包括四个服务部门。在各军种中,MSKIs 在美军中仍然是一个普遍且持续存在的问题。与之前的研究一致,受 MSKIs 影响最常见、最昂贵的身体部位是左腿。在研究期间,患有 MSKI 的军人越来越多地依赖 PC 进行 MSKI 治疗,尤其是 SDS。为了减轻 MSKIs 对美国武装部队战备状态的威胁,必须扩大未来的研究工作,将所有军种都包括进来,以评估 DC 和 PC 环境下治疗的风险因素和患者预后。
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引用次数: 0
Musculoskeletal Injuries in Female U.S. Active Duty Service Members: Prevalence/Incidence, Health Care Utilization, and Cost Analysis Spanning Fiscal Years 2016-2021. 美国现役女军人的肌肉骨骼损伤:2016-2021财年的流行率/发病率、医疗保健使用率和成本分析》(Prevalence/Incidence, Health Care Utilization, and Cost Analysis spanning Fiscal Years 2016-2021)。
IF 1.2 4区 医学 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usae308
Courtney Colahan, Veronika Pav, Xiaoning Yuan, Brad Isaacson, Linzie Wagner, Ben Hando
<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Musculoskeletal injuries (MSKIs) are highly prevalent and costly conditions among active duty service members (ADSMs), and female service members sustain these injuries at a higher rate than men. However, lack of women-specific research regarding MSKIs in the U.S. military has limited Department of Defense (DoD) leadership from assessing and addressing the burden of these conditions. The purposes of this study were to report the incidence, prevalence, and types of MSKIs sustained by female ADSMs across the four services in direct care (DC) and private sector care (PC) settings from fiscal years (FYs) 2016 through 2021 and to quantify and describe the health care utilization and private sector costs associated with MSKIs in women over the same period.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective, longitudinal population study included ADSMs from the Air Force, Army, Marine Corps, and Navy. Prevalence and incidence rates for Head/Neck, Upper Extremity (UE), Spine, and Lower Extremity (LE) MSKIs in female ADSMs, associated health care utilization, and private sector costs were derived by querying electronic health records from military treatment facilities, PC claims, and theater medical data from the Military Health System Data Repository from October 1, 2015 to September 30, 2021 (FY16-21). Health care utilization associated with MSKIs among female ADSMs for each body region in DC and PC settings was classified into mutually exclusive outpatient encounter categories and acute inpatient stays. PC MSKI-associated costs in service women were captured for each year and categorized by service, body region, and setting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In FY21, 10.8% (n = 27,976) of female ADSMs sustained Head/Neck MSKI, 16.3% (n = 42,294) UE MSKI, 23.6% (n = 61,048) Spine MSKI, and 33.3% (n = 86,235) LE MSKI. Across the study period, female ADSMs had a 25%-29% higher risk of any MSKI (risk ratio (RR) 1.25-1.29) relative to men. Female soldiers had the highest annual prevalence of MSKIs (62.1%-66.4%), while female Marines had the highest risk of MSKI relative to men (RR 1.40-1.47) for all four major body regions. From FY16 to FY21, the body region with the highest risk of MSKI relative to men was Head/Neck (RR 1.61-1.63), while the region with the lowest relative risk was UE (RR 1.05-1.10). LE MSKIs represented the most common and costly type of injury in female ADSMs, with 406,997 outpatient DC and 87,374 PC encounters in FY21. Total PC costs of LE MSKI for female ADSMs were $30,643,535 in FY21 alone.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This is the first population-level assessment of MSKI prevalence, incidence rates, health care utilization, and PC costs over a 6-year period for service women in the military health system (MHS). Female ADSMs sustain MSKIs at a higher rate than their male counterparts. Given the critical role of service women in the military, MHS leaders, researchers, and public heal
导言:肌肉骨骼损伤(MSKIs)是现役军人(ADSMs)中高发且代价高昂的疾病,女性军人的受伤率高于男性。然而,由于缺乏针对美军中女性 MSKIs 的研究,国防部(DoD)领导层在评估和解决这些问题时受到了限制。本研究的目的是报告 2016 至 2021 财政年度(FYs)期间,在直接护理(DC)和私营部门护理(PC)环境中,四个军种的女性 ADSM 持续 MSKI 的发生率、流行率和类型,并量化和描述同期女性 MSKI 相关的医疗保健利用率和私营部门成本:这项回顾性纵向人口研究包括来自空军、陆军、海军陆战队和海军的 ADSM。通过查询2015年10月1日至2021年9月30日(16-21财年)期间军事治疗机构的电子健康记录、个人电脑索赔以及军事卫生系统数据存储库中的战区医疗数据,得出了女性ADSM的头颈部、上肢(UE)、脊柱和下肢(LE)MSKI的流行率和发病率、相关医疗保健利用率以及私营部门成本。在 DC 和 PC 环境中,女性 ADSM 每个身体区域与 MSKI 相关的医疗保健使用情况被划分为相互排斥的门诊病人就诊类别和急性住院病人住院类别。每年采集的 PC 服务女性 MSKI 相关费用按服务、身体区域和环境进行分类:21 财年,10.8%(n = 27976)的女性 ADSM 接受了头颈部 MSKI,16.3%(n = 42294)接受了 UE MSKI,23.6%(n = 61048)接受了脊柱 MSKI,33.3%(n = 86235)接受了 LE MSKI。在整个研究期间,与男性相比,女性非军事人员发生任何 MSKI 的风险高出 25%-29%(风险比 (RR) 1.25-1.29)。女兵的 MSKI 年度发病率最高(62.1%-66.4%),而女性海军陆战队员在身体所有四个主要区域的 MSKI 风险相对男性最高(RR 1.40-1.47)。从 16 财政年度到 21 财政年度,与男性相比,发生 MSKI 风险最高的身体区域是头颈部(RR 1.61-1.63),而相对风险最低的区域是上半身(RR 1.05-1.10)。LE MSKI 是女性 ADSM 中最常见、最昂贵的损伤类型,21 财年 DC 门诊人次为 406,997 人次,PC 人次为 87,374 人次。仅在 21 财年,女性急性踝关节损伤的 PC 费用总额就高达 30,643,535 美元:这是首次对军队医疗系统(MHS)中女军人的 MSKI 流行率、发病率、医疗保健利用率以及 6 年间的 PC 成本进行人口层面的评估。与男兵相比,女兵的 MSKI 患病率更高。鉴于女军人在军队中的重要作用,军事卫生系统的领导者、研究人员和公共卫生官员应通过将研究工作扩展到所有军种和军事环境,继续探索造成男女之间 MSKI 发生率差异的根本原因。
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引用次数: 0
The Influence of Neck Pain and Sleep Quantity on Headache Burden in Service Members With and Without Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: An Observational Study. 颈部疼痛和睡眠质量对轻度脑外伤和非轻度脑外伤军人头痛负担的影响:观察研究
IF 1.2 4区 医学 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usae521
Matthew W Reid, Lisa H Lu, Jamie N Hershaw, Jan E Kennedy

Introduction: Headache is the most overwhelmingly reported symptom following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). The upper cervical spine has been implicated in headache etiology, and cervical dysfunction may result in neck pain that influences the experience of headache. Sleep problem is the second most reported symptom following mTBI. We explored the contribution of neck pain (as a potential proxy for cervical dysfunction) on headache burden along with the contribution of sleep quantity following mTBI.

Materials and methods: Retrospective data from a repository consisting of service members recruited from primary care, with (N = 493) and without a history of mTBI (N = 63), was used for analysis. Portions of the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Orebro Musculoskeletal Pain Questionnaire were used for headache, sleep, and neck pain measures.

Results: Demographic and military characteristics that differed between groups were treated as covariates in analyses. Group comparisons revealed significant differences in the expected direction on all measures: mTBI > controls on headache and neck pain; controls > mTBI on sleep quantity. Regression revealed that neck pain accounted for the most variance in headache score, followed by group membership and sleep quantity. When analyzing groups separately, no difference in the pattern of results was revealed in the mTBI group. In the control group, variance in headache score was only significantly related to neck pain.

Conclusions: Amongst service members who sought service from primary care, neck pain explains more variance in headache burden than mTBI history or sleep quantity, supporting that cervical dysfunction may be a salient factor associated with headache. Neck functioning may be a potential area of intervention in the management of headaches.

导言:头痛是轻度创伤性脑损伤(mTBI)后最常见的症状。上颈椎与头痛的病因有关,颈椎功能障碍可能导致颈部疼痛,从而影响头痛的体验。睡眠问题是轻微创伤后报告的第二大症状。我们探讨了颈部疼痛(作为颈椎功能障碍的潜在代表)对头痛负担的影响,以及mTBI后睡眠质量的影响:我们使用了从基层医疗机构招募的军人(493 人)和无 mTBI 病史(63 人)的资料库中获得的回顾性数据进行分析。神经行为症状量表、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数和奥雷布洛肌肉骨骼疼痛问卷的部分内容用于头痛、睡眠和颈部疼痛的测量:在分析中,各组之间存在差异的人口统计学特征和军事特征被视为协变量。组间比较显示,在所有测量指标上都存在预期方向的显著差异:在头痛和颈部疼痛方面,创伤后应激障碍患者>对照组;在睡眠量方面,对照组>创伤后应激障碍患者。回归结果显示,颈部疼痛导致的头痛评分差异最大,其次是群体成员身份和睡眠量。在对各组进行单独分析时,mTBI 组的结果模式没有差异。在对照组中,头痛评分的差异仅与颈部疼痛有显著关系:结论:在寻求初级医疗服务的军人中,颈部疼痛比创伤性脑损伤病史或睡眠量更能解释头痛负担的差异,这证明颈椎功能障碍可能是与头痛相关的一个突出因素。颈部功能障碍可能是治疗头痛的一个潜在干预领域。
{"title":"The Influence of Neck Pain and Sleep Quantity on Headache Burden in Service Members With and Without Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: An Observational Study.","authors":"Matthew W Reid, Lisa H Lu, Jamie N Hershaw, Jan E Kennedy","doi":"10.1093/milmed/usae521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usae521","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Headache is the most overwhelmingly reported symptom following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). The upper cervical spine has been implicated in headache etiology, and cervical dysfunction may result in neck pain that influences the experience of headache. Sleep problem is the second most reported symptom following mTBI. We explored the contribution of neck pain (as a potential proxy for cervical dysfunction) on headache burden along with the contribution of sleep quantity following mTBI.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Retrospective data from a repository consisting of service members recruited from primary care, with (N = 493) and without a history of mTBI (N = 63), was used for analysis. Portions of the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Orebro Musculoskeletal Pain Questionnaire were used for headache, sleep, and neck pain measures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Demographic and military characteristics that differed between groups were treated as covariates in analyses. Group comparisons revealed significant differences in the expected direction on all measures: mTBI > controls on headache and neck pain; controls > mTBI on sleep quantity. Regression revealed that neck pain accounted for the most variance in headache score, followed by group membership and sleep quantity. When analyzing groups separately, no difference in the pattern of results was revealed in the mTBI group. In the control group, variance in headache score was only significantly related to neck pain.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Amongst service members who sought service from primary care, neck pain explains more variance in headache burden than mTBI history or sleep quantity, supporting that cervical dysfunction may be a salient factor associated with headache. Neck functioning may be a potential area of intervention in the management of headaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":18638,"journal":{"name":"Military Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142682102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
"Bridging The Gap" Medical Degree Preparatory Program (EMDP2) Military Students Provide Leadership and Mentorship to Classmates. "弥合差距 "医学学位预备课程(EMDP2)军校学生为同学提供领导和指导。
IF 1.2 4区 医学 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usae512
Christopher Russo, Benjamin Freedman, Andrew Evans, Althea Green, Robert Vietor, Virginia Randall

Introduction: The lack of adequate diverse representation (racially, socioeconomically, gender, second career applicants, student parents, etc.) within secondary education in the United States has proven to be a challenging and complex, multifaceted problem, and despite ongoing efforts, one that continues to remain unsolved. These disparities are well known and documented at all levels of education. The Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences is the nation's only fully federally funded medical school and capitalizes on the preexisting diversity and exceptional training already existing within the U.S. military's enlisted force through the Enlisted to Medical Degree Preparatory Program (EMDP2). This study aims to investigate how a novel program at a unique military medical school influences medical school class cohorts.

Methods: This study used a traditional thematic qualitative analysis format. Thematic qualitative analysis is a method for identifying, analyzing, organizing, describing, and reporting themes found within survey responses. One hundred nine surveys via SurveyMonkey© were sent to EMDP2 students. Thirty-six surveys were returned for a response rate of 33%. Two co-investigators carefully read each participant response and coded independently line-by-line with constant comparison of each quote. NVivo© software was used to store the data as the counts progressed.

Results: After completion of data collection, results identified the following themes among survey responses being accepted, bridging the gap, feeling valued, gratitude, prior experiences, and professionalism.

Conclusions: Students with prior military experience have a significant impact on our institutions medical school classes. These students provide mentorship and professionalism to their fellow classmates. This study helps educators understand the perspectives and challenges faced by prior-service medical students and appreciate how to use the prior experience of these unique prior-service members to benefit the entire class.

导言:事实证明,美国中学教育中缺乏足够的多元化代表(种族、社会经济、性别、第二职业申请者、学生家长等)是一个具有挑战性的、复杂的、多层面的问题,尽管一直在努力,但这个问题仍然没有得到解决。这些差距在各级教育中都是众所周知的,也有文献记载。统一服务卫生科学大学是美国唯一一所完全由联邦政府资助的医学院,并通过 "入伍到医学学位预备计划"(EMDP2)充分利用了美军入伍部队中已有的多样性和特殊培训。本研究旨在调查一所独特的军事医学院的新项目如何影响医学院的班级队列:本研究采用传统的专题定性分析方法。专题定性分析是一种在调查回复中识别、分析、组织、描述和报告主题的方法。通过 SurveyMonkey© 向 EMDP2 学生发送了 109 份调查问卷。共收回 36 份调查问卷,回复率为 33%。两位共同调查员仔细阅读了每一份参与者的回复,并逐行独立编码,不断比较每一句话。在统计过程中,使用 NVivo© 软件存储数据:数据收集完成后,结果在调查回复中发现了以下主题:接受、缩小差距、感觉被重视、感恩、先前的经历和专业精神:有从军经历的学生对我们院校的医学院班级有着重要影响。这些学生为他们的同学提供了指导和专业精神。这项研究有助于教育工作者了解退役医学生的观点和面临的挑战,并了解如何利用这些独特的退役成员的先前经验使整个班级受益。
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引用次数: 0
Application of Pan-Viral Metagenomic Sequencing on United States Air Force Academy Wastewater to Uncover Potential Causes of Acute Gastroenteritis. 在美国空军学院废水中应用泛病毒元基因组测序技术揭示急性肠胃炎的潜在病因。
IF 1.2 4区 医学 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usae518
Michael A Mechikoff, John P Collins, Philip Golder, Cullen M Ingersoll, Riley E McGarry, Xiang-Jun Lu, Alper Gokden, Anastasia Cuff, Bryant J Webber, Andrew B Wallace, J Jordan Steel, J Kenneth Wickiser, Armand L Balboni

Introduction: Wastewater surveillance is an important technique to monitor public health and is being studied extensively for pandemic prevention, force health protection and readiness, and as a potential early warning system for chem-bio defense. Wastewater surveillance has traditionally relied on techniques such as quantitative PCR or targeted sequencing, both of which are microbe- or disease-specific tools. Newer pan-viral metagenomics strategies may provide higher specificity for pathogens of interest, resulting in a lower false negative rate and reduced sequencing of undesired background nucleic acids. One such system, VirCapSeq-VERT, has been developed to target all vertebrate virus pathogens; until recently, its application has been limited to clinical samples. The objective of this study was to use VirCapSeq-VERT to interrogate wastewater samples from the U.S. Air Force Academy (USAFA), Colorado Springs, Colorado, to determine its utility in assessing complex samples and its potential application in public health surveillance.

Materials and methods: Biweekly samples were analyzed from February 2022 through May 2023. Samples were collected from the wastewater treatment facility at USAFA before treatment and stored at -20 °C until total nucleic acid (tNA: DNA and RNA) extraction. tNA was then subject to the probe-based capture system, VirCapSeq, and run through a collection of public bioinformatics pipelines to identify captured viral pathogens and perform phylogenetic analysis. It was determined by the USAFA IRB that the study was non-human subject research and was deemed exempt.

Results: In total, 68 families of viruses were identified, comprising thousands of individual strains. This study focused on viruses responsible for gastrointestinal dysfunction as a test of the use of the VirCapSeq-VERT to identify human pathogenic viruses within a complex and highly enriched biological sample. Four enteric viruses dominated the wastewater samples, with Adenoviridae most prevalent before the cadet winter recess (December 17, 2022-January 4, 2023) and Astroviridae most abundant thereafter.

Conclusion: Although gastroenteritis outbreaks at USAFA are commonly attributed to norovirus because of clinical presentation and the acute nature of the illness-often diagnosed and treated without confirmatory stool testing-this virus was not found in high prevalence in these wastewater samples. Among adenoviruses, F serotype 41 predominated, suggesting a role in gastrointestinal infections among the cadet population. Phylogenetic investigation of adenovirus and norovirus exposed common variants with seasonal distributions. These findings may prompt correlational studies to assess the clinical predictive capability of VirCapSeq-VERT and to determine the utility of wastewater monitoring as an outbreak early warning system.

简介:废水监测是监测公共卫生的一项重要技术,目前正被广泛研究用于预防大流行病、部队卫生防护和战备,以及作为化学生物防御的潜在预警系统。废水监测传统上依赖于定量 PCR 或目标测序等技术,这两种技术都是针对特定微生物或疾病的工具。较新的泛病毒元基因组学策略可为相关病原体提供更高的特异性,从而降低假阴性率,减少对不需要的背景核酸的测序。VirCapSeq-VERT就是这样一种系统,它是针对所有脊椎动物病毒病原体开发的;直到最近,它的应用还仅限于临床样本。本研究的目的是使用 VirCapSeq-VERT 分析科罗拉多州科罗拉多斯普林斯市美国空军学院(USAFA)的废水样本,以确定其在评估复杂样本中的实用性及其在公共卫生监测中的潜在应用:从 2022 年 2 月到 2023 年 5 月,每两周对样本进行一次分析。样本在处理前从 USAFA 的废水处理设施中收集,并在提取总核酸(tNA:DNA 和 RNA)前保存在 -20 °C。tNA 随后被用于基于探针的捕获系统 VirCapSeq,并通过一系列公共生物信息学管道运行,以识别捕获的病毒病原体并进行系统发育分析。经美国空军研究委员会(USAFA IRB)认定,该研究为非人类课题研究,因此被视为豁免研究:结果:共鉴定出 68 个病毒科,包括数千个病毒株。这项研究的重点是导致胃肠道功能紊乱的病毒,以检验 VirCapSeq-VERT 在复杂和高度富集的生物样本中识别人类致病病毒的能力。四种肠道病毒在废水样本中占主导地位,其中腺病毒科在学员冬季休学(2022 年 12 月 17 日至 2023 年 1 月 4 日)前最为流行,而 Astroviridae 在休学后最为常见:结论:尽管美国空军学院爆发的肠胃炎通常被认为是诺如病毒引起的,因为其临床表现和疾病的急性性质--通常未经粪便检测确诊和治疗--但在这些废水样本中并未发现高流行率的诺如病毒。在腺病毒中,F 血清型 41 占主导地位,这表明它在学员的胃肠道感染中发挥了作用。腺病毒和诺如病毒的系统发育调查发现了具有季节性分布的常见变种。这些发现可能会促使相关研究评估 VirCapSeq-VERT 的临床预测能力,并确定废水监测作为疫情爆发预警系统的效用。
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引用次数: 0
Prior Musculoskeletal Injury and Components of Physical Fitness in Military Personnel: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis. 军人先前的肌肉骨骼损伤与体能的组成部分:系统综述与元分析》。
IF 1.2 4区 医学 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usae499
Rafael Chieza Fortes Garcia, Adriane Mara de Souza Muniz, Douglas de Castro Jacinto, Priscila Dos Santos Bunn

Introduction: Military personnel confront heightened risks of musculoskeletal injuries (MSIs) because of the demanding nature of their duties, contributing to restricted active duty and financial burdens. Although preventable factors like training and physical fitness influence some injuries, understanding the enduring effects of previous MSIs on physical fitness in military personnel remains a critical gap. This study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze this impact.

Materials and methods: In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted, focusing on military personnel with and without a history of MSIs. Physical fitness components were assessed via observational studies, with isokinetic peak torque values as primary metrics. Quality assessments utilized the NIH Quality Assessment Tool and GRADE framework.

Results: Out of 36 papers, 6 met inclusion criteria, with 4 included in the meta-analysis. Across 1,267 participants, individuals with prior MSIs exhibited a significant reduction in the pooled effect size for isokinetic peak muscle force, with d+ = -0.25 (95% CI: -0.36 to -0.13), notably affecting knee and shoulder regions. These findings underscore the pervasive impact of MSIs on military personnel's physical performance, necessitating targeted interventions.

Conclusion: Military personnel with prior MSIs exhibit enduring deficits in isokinetic peak muscle force, particularly in knee and shoulder regions. However, evidence on the impact of previous injuries on other physical fitness components remains limited. Further research is crucial to understanding the multifaceted impact of MSIs on diverse aspects of physical performance, informing comprehensive injury prevention strategies and optimizing performance outcomes among military personnel.

导言:军人因其职责的艰巨性而面临着更高的肌肉骨骼损伤(MSI)风险,导致现役任务受限和经济负担加重。虽然训练和体能等可预防因素会影响一些损伤,但了解以前的 MSI 对军人体能的持久影响仍然是一个关键的空白。本研究旨在对这种影响进行系统回顾和元分析:根据 PRISMA 指南,我们对有 MSI 史和无 MSI 史的军人进行了系统回顾和元分析。体能成分通过观察性研究进行评估,以等速峰值扭矩值为主要指标。质量评估采用了 NIH 质量评估工具和 GRADE 框架:在 36 篇论文中,有 6 篇符合纳入标准,其中 4 篇被纳入荟萃分析。在 1,267 名参与者中,曾患 MSI 的个体等速峰值肌力的集合效应显著降低,d+ = -0.25 (95% CI: -0.36 to -0.13),主要影响膝关节和肩关节区域。这些发现强调了 MSI 对军人身体表现的普遍影响,因此有必要采取有针对性的干预措施:结论:曾患有 MSI 的军人在等动峰肌力方面表现出持久的缺陷,尤其是在膝关节和肩关节部位。然而,有关以前受过伤对其他体能组成部分的影响的证据仍然有限。进一步的研究对于了解 MSI 对体能表现的多方面影响、制定全面的损伤预防策略和优化军事人员的体能表现结果至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Letter From the Chief Executive Officer Dr. John Cho. 首席执行官 John Cho 博士的信。
IF 1.2 4区 医学 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usae519
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引用次数: 0
Negative Social Exchanges are Associated With More Severe Depressive Symptoms Above and Beyond the Effects of Positive Social Exchanges in Male U.S. Service Members and Veterans. 在美国男性现役军人和退伍军人中,消极社交交流与更严重抑郁症状的相关性高于积极社交交流的影响。
IF 1.2 4区 医学 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usae507
Rishika V Shah, Rebecca K Blais

Introduction: Risk for depression is heightened among male service members/veterans relative to civilians. Research suggests social support protects service members/veterans from depressive symptoms, but most studies focus on positive social support. Negative social support, which can include unwanted emotional involvement or social negativity, could be more impactful on depressive symptoms than positive; however, this has not been examined in military samples. Moreover, it is unclear whether positive interactions buffer the effects of negative interactions.

Materials and methods: SM/Vs (N = 508) were recruited online using convenience sampling and completed demographics, and measures of depression and social exchange frequencies, a metric of positive and negative social support. This secondary data analysis was drawn from a parent study that was approved by an institutional review board. A correlation comparison calculator compared the strength of bivariate associations of positive social exchanges and negative social exchanges with depression. Linear regression examined the simultaneous effects of positive and negative social exchanges, and subsequently examined whether positive social exchanges moderated the association of negative social exchanges and depression.

Results: The positive bivariate association of negative exchanges and depression (r = 0.48, P < .001) was statistically stronger than the negative bivariate association of positive exchanges and depression (r = -0.40, P < .001). A regression analysis revealed that higher negative exchanges were positively associated with depression (partial r = 0.40, P < .001) and higher positive exchanges were negatively associated with depression (partial r = -0.32, P < .001) after accounting for covariates, but positive exchanges did not mitigate the association of negative exchanges and depression (P > .05).

Conclusions: Decreasing the frequency of negative social exchanges is associated with lower depressive symptoms and may have a stronger relationship with depression than positive exchanges, suggesting independent pathways to depression. Longitudinal assessments are needed to determine the potential directionality of these relationships and to address the limitations associated with convenience sampling and cross-sectional data collection.

简介与平民相比,男性军人/退伍军人患抑郁症的风险更高。研究表明,社会支持可保护军人/退伍军人免受抑郁症状的困扰,但大多数研究都侧重于积极的社会支持。与积极的社会支持相比,消极的社会支持可能会对抑郁症状产生更大的影响,消极的社会支持可能包括不受欢迎的情感介入或社会消极性;然而,这一点还没有在军队样本中进行过研究。此外,目前还不清楚积极互动是否能缓冲消极互动的影响:采用便利抽样法在线招募了SM/Vs(N = 508),并填写了人口统计学、抑郁测量和社会交换频率(一种衡量积极和消极社会支持的指标)。这项二手数据分析来自于一项经机构审查委员会批准的家长研究。相关比较计算器比较了积极社交交流和消极社交交流与抑郁的二元关联强度。线性回归检验了积极社交交流和消极社交交流的同时效应,随后检验了积极社交交流是否调节了消极社交交流与抑郁的关联:结果:消极社交交流与抑郁之间存在正相关(r = 0.48,P .05):结论:减少消极社交交流的频率与抑郁症状的降低有关,而且与抑郁症的关系可能比积极交流更密切,这表明抑郁症有独立的发病途径。需要进行纵向评估,以确定这些关系的潜在方向性,并解决与便利抽样和横截面数据收集相关的局限性。
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引用次数: 0
Profiles of Nonpharmacologic Treatment Receipt in the First 10 Weeks Following a New Back Pain Diagnosis Among Active Duty Soldiers: A Latent Class Analysis. 现役士兵在新诊断出背部疼痛后头 10 周内接受非药物治疗的情况:潜类分析
IF 1.2 4区 医学 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usae504
Nick Huntington, Mary Jo Larson, Noel Vest, Krista B Highland, Natalie Moresco, Grant A Ritter, Connor Buchholz, Rachel Sayko Adams

Introduction: US service members experience high rates of back pain. Guidelines prioritize nonpharmacologic treatment (NPT) as first-line pain treatments; however, NPT utilization patterns research is limited. This study examined NPT patterns of care within the first 10 weeks following an index back pain diagnosis.

Materials and methods: Data were from the Substance Use and Psychological Injury Combat Study and included 222,427 active duty soldiers with an index back pain diagnosis following return from Afghanistan/Iraq deployment in 2008-2014. We fit a series of latent class analysis models to identify homogenous subgroups of soldiers with NPT utilization during the 10-week period and measured associations with soldier characteristics and clinical characteristics within 90 days before the back pain diagnosis, with the distinct NPT utilization classes. Approval for this study was granted by the Brandeis University Committee for Protection of Human Subjects (Institutional Review Board #14153) and the Uniformed Services University Institutional Review Board.

Results: Only half of the soldiers received any NPT within their 10-week early treatment window. Latent class analysis identified 4 classes over the 10-week early treatment window: Class 1 (None/Low NPT, 65%); Class 2 (High and Decreasing NPT, 15%); Class 3 (Low and Increasing NPT, 13%), and Class 4 (Sustained NPT, 7%). Soldier clinical characteristics from the 90-day preperiod window were most important in distinguishing class membership in relation to Class 1, particularly comorbid pain conditions, diagnosis of traumatic brain injury, receipt of prescription opioids, and receipt of invasive surgery.

Conclusions: Patterns of weekly NPT utilization during an early treatment window following a new back pain diagnosis varied temporally, with approximately half of soldiers using NPT. Half of the soldiers did not receive any NPT within their 10-week early treatment window, which highlights opportunities for increasing use of NPT utilization among military members with a new back pain episode. Future research is needed in the Military Health System to examine the extent to which NPT patterns are associated with pain management outcomes.

导言:美国军人的背痛发病率很高。指南优先考虑将非药物治疗(NPT)作为一线疼痛治疗方法,但对 NPT 使用模式的研究却很有限。本研究考察了背部疼痛确诊后前 10 周内的 NPT 治疗模式:数据来自 "物质使用与心理伤害作战研究"(Substance Use and Psychological Injury Combat Study),包括 222427 名现役士兵,他们在 2008-2014 年从阿富汗/伊拉克部署归来后被诊断为背部疼痛。我们拟合了一系列潜类分析模型,以确定在 10 周内使用过 NPT 的同质士兵亚群,并测量了背痛诊断前 90 天内士兵特征和临床特征与不同 NPT 使用类别之间的关联。这项研究获得了布兰迪斯大学人体受试者保护委员会(机构审查委员会第 14153 号)和统一服务大学机构审查委员会的批准:结果:只有一半的士兵在 10 周的早期治疗窗口期接受了任何 NPT 治疗。潜类分析确定了 10 周早期治疗窗口期的 4 个类别:第 1 类(无/低 NPT,65%);第 2 类(高 NPT 和 NPT 下降,15%);第 3 类(低 NPT 和 NPT 上升,13%)和第 4 类(持续 NPT,7%)。90天预处理窗口期的士兵临床特征对于区分1类患者的等级最为重要,尤其是合并疼痛症状、脑外伤诊断、接受处方阿片类药物治疗以及接受侵入性手术:在新诊断出背部疼痛后的早期治疗窗口期,每周使用 NPT 的模式因时间而异,约有一半的士兵使用 NPT。半数士兵在为期 10 周的早期治疗窗口期内未接受任何 NPT 治疗,这凸显了在新发背痛的军人中增加使用 NPT 的机会。未来需要在军事卫生系统中开展研究,以检查 NPT 模式与疼痛治疗结果的关联程度。
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引用次数: 0
Fatigue and Sleep-related Impairment as Predictors of the Effect of Nonpharmacological Therapies for Active duty Service Members With Chronic Pain: A Secondary Analysis of a Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trial. 疲劳和睡眠相关损害作为慢性疼痛现役军人非药物疗法效果的预测因素:一项实用随机临床试验的二次分析。
IF 1.2 4区 医学 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usae513
Dahee Wi, Alana D Steffen, Diane M Flynn, Jeffrey C Ransom, Kira P Orr, Honor M McQuinn, Tyler J Snow, Larisa A Burke, Chang Park, Ardith Z Doorenbos

Introduction: First-line treatments for chronic pain include selected complementary and integrative health therapies, including spinal manipulation, acupuncture, yoga, and massage; and standard rehabilitative care, including physical and occupational therapies. This study aimed to uncover critical factors that contribute to pain impact and the effectiveness of complementary and integrative health therapies and standard rehabilitative care among people with chronic pain, with a focus on the role of sleep-related impairment.

Materials and methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of data from a pragmatic randomized clinical trial of 280 U.S. active duty service members with chronic pain.

Results: Our study's multiple mediation analysis examined the indirect effect of complementary and integrative health therapies on pain impact through fatigue (β = - 0.43; 95% CI, -0.99 to -0.07). When stratified by sleep-related impairment, participants with T scores above the median of 62 demonstrated a significant negative indirect effect of complementary and integrative health therapies through fatigue (β = - 0.80; 95% CI, -2.31 to -0.14). This negative indirect effect was not significant for participants with sleep-related impairment T scores below the median (β = - 0.64; 95% CI, -1.48 to 0.07).

Conclusion: These findings suggest that complementary and integrative health therapies are particularly effective in reducing pain impact for individuals with higher levels of sleep-related impairment, and that the effect of complementary and integrative health therapies is supported primarily by reducing fatigue.

导言:慢性疼痛的一线治疗包括精选的补充和综合保健疗法,包括脊柱推拿、针灸、瑜伽和按摩;以及标准康复护理,包括物理和职业疗法。本研究旨在揭示对慢性疼痛患者的疼痛影响以及补充和综合保健疗法和标准康复护理效果的关键因素,重点关注与睡眠相关的损伤的作用:我们对一项实用随机临床试验的数据进行了二次分析,该试验针对 280 名患有慢性疼痛的美国现役军人:我们研究的多重中介分析检验了补充和综合健康疗法通过疲劳对疼痛影响的间接影响(β = - 0.43; 95% CI, -0.99 to -0.07)。如果按睡眠相关损伤进行分层,T 评分高于中位数 62 分的参与者通过疲劳对补充和综合保健疗法产生了显著的负间接影响(β = - 0.80;95% CI,-2.31 至 -0.14)。对于睡眠相关障碍 T 分数低于中位数的参与者,这种负间接效应并不显著(β = - 0.64; 95% CI, -1.48 to 0.07):这些研究结果表明,对于睡眠相关障碍程度较高的人来说,辅助和综合保健疗法在减轻疼痛影响方面尤为有效,而辅助和综合保健疗法的效果主要是通过减轻疲劳来支持的。
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引用次数: 0
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