{"title":"Recovery of South American fur seals in the central South Atlantic Ocean","authors":"M. Florencia Grandi, Viviana N. Milano","doi":"10.1111/mms.13176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.13176","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18725,"journal":{"name":"Marine Mammal Science","volume":"406 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142206331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mary J. Ponti, Mackenzie L. Russell, Cristina Díaz Clark, Carl S. Cloyed, Ruth H. Carmichael, Christina L. Johnson, Jennifer C. G. Bloodgood
Stranded marine mammals provide valuable insight into population health of free‐ranging conspecifics; however, the likelihood of carcass detection by the public or trained observers is not well known. To better understand carcass detection rates (CDR), we placed twelve decoy dolphin carcasses around Dauphin Island, Alabama, for 2 weeks, one during peak tourist season and one during the off season. Decoys were placed in regions representing different habitat types (marsh or beach) and levels of human use (low or high). Calls from the public were recorded, and trained observers actively searched for decoys via drone and visual observation either by vessel or UTV and walking. There were 2.5 times more public reports during the peak (n = 38) compared to off season (n = 15), with most reports being from the high‐traffic beach site during peak season (n = 27). Trained observers found more decoys (CDR = 0.88) than the public (CDR = 0.58), however, the public found two decoys that observers did not. Drone searches were slightly more successful (CDR = 0.83) than other methods (CDR = 0.79). Our results indicate that a combination of surveillance methods will enhance carcass detection, and our novel methods can be used across habitat types to improve stranding surveillance, better estimate stranding rates, and inform mortality estimates of many species.
{"title":"Stranded marine mammal detection by the public, trained responders, and drones using decoy carcasses","authors":"Mary J. Ponti, Mackenzie L. Russell, Cristina Díaz Clark, Carl S. Cloyed, Ruth H. Carmichael, Christina L. Johnson, Jennifer C. G. Bloodgood","doi":"10.1111/mms.13169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.13169","url":null,"abstract":"Stranded marine mammals provide valuable insight into population health of free‐ranging conspecifics; however, the likelihood of carcass detection by the public or trained observers is not well known. To better understand carcass detection rates (CDR), we placed twelve decoy dolphin carcasses around Dauphin Island, Alabama, for 2 weeks, one during peak tourist season and one during the off season. Decoys were placed in regions representing different habitat types (marsh or beach) and levels of human use (low or high). Calls from the public were recorded, and trained observers actively searched for decoys via drone and visual observation either by vessel or UTV and walking. There were 2.5 times more public reports during the peak (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 38) compared to off season (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 15), with most reports being from the high‐traffic beach site during peak season (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 27). Trained observers found more decoys (CDR = 0.88) than the public (CDR = 0.58), however, the public found two decoys that observers did not. Drone searches were slightly more successful (CDR = 0.83) than other methods (CDR = 0.79). Our results indicate that a combination of surveillance methods will enhance carcass detection, and our novel methods can be used across habitat types to improve stranding surveillance, better estimate stranding rates, and inform mortality estimates of many species.","PeriodicalId":18725,"journal":{"name":"Marine Mammal Science","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142206355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohamed E. Ismail, Ivan D. Fedutin, Erich Hoyt, Tatiana V. Ivkovich, Olga A. Filatova
{"title":"Auto machine learning tools to distinguish between two killer whale ecotypes","authors":"Mohamed E. Ismail, Ivan D. Fedutin, Erich Hoyt, Tatiana V. Ivkovich, Olga A. Filatova","doi":"10.1111/mms.13175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.13175","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18725,"journal":{"name":"Marine Mammal Science","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142206358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sequences of a possible distress call of a juvenile gray whale found in a shallow lagoon within the Gulf of California","authors":"Braulio Leon‐Lopez, Aurora Paniagua‐Mendoza, Eduardo Romero‐Vivas","doi":"10.1111/mms.13174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.13174","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18725,"journal":{"name":"Marine Mammal Science","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142206360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amelia Mari MacRae, I. Joanna Makowska, David Fraser
Vocalizations are potential indicators of pain in animals. We recorded and analyzed spectrographically the vocalizations of harbor seal pups (Phoca vitulina) before, during, and after the routine procedures of flipper tagging and microchipping prior to release from a rehabilitation facility in British Columbia, Canada. It is standard practice for these procedures to be done without analgesia. In Experiment 1, we compared vocalizations before and after the procedures (n = 21); in Experiment 2, we compared vocalizations in response to real and sham procedures (n = 10). In Experiment 1, seals produced more vocalizations, and peak frequency was higher, after tagging and after microchipping. In Experiment 2, seals also produced more vocalizations after real but not after sham tagging and microchipping. The average peak frequency was higher after each procedure, but not after each sham procedure. These results suggest that an increase in the number and peak frequency of vocalizations are indicators of pain in seal pups. The results also suggest that analgesia, when feasible, should be considered for harbor seal pups undergoing routine flipper tagging and microchipping.
{"title":"Vocal changes as indicators of pain in harbor seal pups (Phoca vitulina)","authors":"Amelia Mari MacRae, I. Joanna Makowska, David Fraser","doi":"10.1111/mms.13170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.13170","url":null,"abstract":"Vocalizations are potential indicators of pain in animals. We recorded and analyzed spectrographically the vocalizations of harbor seal pups (<jats:italic>Phoca vitulina</jats:italic>) before, during, and after the routine procedures of flipper tagging and microchipping prior to release from a rehabilitation facility in British Columbia, Canada. It is standard practice for these procedures to be done without analgesia. In Experiment 1, we compared vocalizations before and after the procedures (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 21); in Experiment 2, we compared vocalizations in response to real and sham procedures (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 10). In Experiment 1, seals produced more vocalizations, and peak frequency was higher, after tagging and after microchipping. In Experiment 2, seals also produced more vocalizations after real but not after sham tagging and microchipping. The average peak frequency was higher after each procedure, but not after each sham procedure. These results suggest that an increase in the number and peak frequency of vocalizations are indicators of pain in seal pups. The results also suggest that analgesia, when feasible, should be considered for harbor seal pups undergoing routine flipper tagging and microchipping.","PeriodicalId":18725,"journal":{"name":"Marine Mammal Science","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142206359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Putu Liza Kusuma Mustika, I Made Jaya Ratha, Edy Setyawan, Muhammad Offal Prinanda, Rusydi Rusydi, Februanty Suyatiningsih Purnomo, Imam Fauzi
{"title":"The first record of the southbound movements of satellite‐tagged pygmy blue whales (B. m. brevicauda) from Savu Sea (Indonesia) to the subantarctic waters","authors":"Putu Liza Kusuma Mustika, I Made Jaya Ratha, Edy Setyawan, Muhammad Offal Prinanda, Rusydi Rusydi, Februanty Suyatiningsih Purnomo, Imam Fauzi","doi":"10.1111/mms.13167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.13167","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18725,"journal":{"name":"Marine Mammal Science","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142206361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kristin K. Brightwell, Ewa B. Krzyszczyk, Quincy A. Gibson
Disturbance events can alter a community's association patterns, which can influence mating tactics. The St. Johns River (SJR) bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops erebennus) community was impacted by the 2013–2015 unusual mortality event (UME), caused by cetacean morbillivirus, through mortality and social network changes. We analyzed male alliance stability and behavior from April 2011 through March 2017 with respect to the UME. During the UME, 12 first‐order alliance dyads ended due to a partner's death or disappearance. Alliance tactics varied: forming second‐order alliances (n = 21 alliances; teams of first‐order alliances), forming first‐order alliances (n = 13 alliances) or remaining unallied after an alliance dissolved (n = 8 individuals). During‐ and post‐UME, fewer allied males formed second‐order alliances (55%) compared to pre‐UME (68%). While the UME likely indirectly influenced alliance behavior through demographic changes, female presence and breeding season consistently influenced alliance associations and consortships (cooperatively flanking a female), indicating a reproductive function for SJR alliances. Increased consortships when a second‐order partner was present suggests second‐order alliances may provide consortship support against rival males. These results enhance our understanding of multilevel alliance reproductive benefits and demonstrate the adaptability of male mating tactics in response to disturbances resulting in demographic changes.
{"title":"Dynamics of multilevel alliances in St. Johns River, Florida, Tamanend's bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops erebennus) with respect to an epizootic unusual mortality event","authors":"Kristin K. Brightwell, Ewa B. Krzyszczyk, Quincy A. Gibson","doi":"10.1111/mms.13165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.13165","url":null,"abstract":"Disturbance events can alter a community's association patterns, which can influence mating tactics. The St. Johns River (SJR) bottlenose dolphin (<jats:italic>Tursiops erebennus</jats:italic>) community was impacted by the 2013–2015 unusual mortality event (UME), caused by cetacean morbillivirus, through mortality and social network changes. We analyzed male alliance stability and behavior from April 2011 through March 2017 with respect to the UME. During the UME, 12 first‐order alliance dyads ended due to a partner's death or disappearance. Alliance tactics varied: forming second‐order alliances (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 21 alliances; teams of first‐order alliances), forming first‐order alliances (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 13 alliances) or remaining unallied after an alliance dissolved (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 8 individuals). During‐ and post‐UME, fewer allied males formed second‐order alliances (55%) compared to pre‐UME (68%). While the UME likely indirectly influenced alliance behavior through demographic changes, female presence and breeding season consistently influenced alliance associations and consortships (cooperatively flanking a female), indicating a reproductive function for SJR alliances. Increased consortships when a second‐order partner was present suggests second‐order alliances may provide consortship support against rival males. These results enhance our understanding of multilevel alliance reproductive benefits and demonstrate the adaptability of male mating tactics in response to disturbances resulting in demographic changes.","PeriodicalId":18725,"journal":{"name":"Marine Mammal Science","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142206362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel M. Moore, Emily G. Cunningham, Kayla D. Crowder, Darren R. Gröcke
The use of biological samples from museum and/or archive collections is common in stable isotope research, particularly for marine mammals. Yet, the temporal stability of isotopic values across various tissue types and the influence of different preservatives on these values are not fully understood, posing significant challenges for accurate data interpretation. Here we examine the impact of three different tissue preservation methods (DMSO, ethanol, freezing), on seven different tissues (blubber, heart, kidney, lung, liver, muscle, and skin) from both a harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) and a gray seal (Halichoerus grypus) for stable isotope analysis in a 1‐year period. Our results demonstrate that storage in DMSO generates greater temporal variability in δ13C and δ15N for all tissue types, particularly in the first six months of storage. Furthermore, tissues stored in DMSO often exhibited lower δ13C and δ15N values compared to those stored frozen or in ethanol. This finding highlights a significant issue for studies utilizing tissues stored in DMSO, regardless of the storage duration. These results underscore the critical need for careful consideration of preservation methods in studies involving stored tissues, providing valuable insights for experimental design and management of tissue archives.
{"title":"Establishing the limitations on using archived marine mammal samples for stable isotope analysis: an examination of differing preservation methods on tissues of harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) and gray seal (Halichoerus grypus)","authors":"Daniel M. Moore, Emily G. Cunningham, Kayla D. Crowder, Darren R. Gröcke","doi":"10.1111/mms.13168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.13168","url":null,"abstract":"The use of biological samples from museum and/or archive collections is common in stable isotope research, particularly for marine mammals. Yet, the temporal stability of isotopic values across various tissue types and the influence of different preservatives on these values are not fully understood, posing significant challenges for accurate data interpretation. Here we examine the impact of three different tissue preservation methods (DMSO, ethanol, freezing), on seven different tissues (blubber, heart, kidney, lung, liver, muscle, and skin) from both a harbor porpoise (<jats:italic>Phocoena phocoena</jats:italic>) and a gray seal (<jats:italic>Halichoerus grypus</jats:italic>) for stable isotope analysis in a 1‐year period. Our results demonstrate that storage in DMSO generates greater temporal variability in δ<jats:sup>13</jats:sup>C and δ<jats:sup>15</jats:sup>N for all tissue types, particularly in the first six months of storage. Furthermore, tissues stored in DMSO often exhibited lower δ13C and δ15N values compared to those stored frozen or in ethanol. This finding highlights a significant issue for studies utilizing tissues stored in DMSO, regardless of the storage duration. These results underscore the critical need for careful consideration of preservation methods in studies involving stored tissues, providing valuable insights for experimental design and management of tissue archives.","PeriodicalId":18725,"journal":{"name":"Marine Mammal Science","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142226308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Olga A. Filatova, Ivan D. Fedutin, Freja Jakobsen, Lotte Kindt‐Larsen, Magnus Wahlberg
{"title":"Harbor porpoise displacement by a solitary bottlenose dolphin in the Baltic Sea","authors":"Olga A. Filatova, Ivan D. Fedutin, Freja Jakobsen, Lotte Kindt‐Larsen, Magnus Wahlberg","doi":"10.1111/mms.13164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.13164","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18725,"journal":{"name":"Marine Mammal Science","volume":"374 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141949350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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