In 1898, the Chinese reformer, journalist, and political thinker Liang Qichao 梁啓超 (1873–1929) made Aristotle’s political thought available to his countrymen for the first time in China’s long history. Liang’s essay “The Political Theory of Aristotle” has never been available in English, leaving most scholars who are interested in the history of Chinese political thought unable to access what one of the earliest Chinese political reformers chose to say about a philosopher he believed to be the source of Western politics. This contribution includes “The Political Theory of Aristotle,” Liang’s explication and commentary on Aristotle’s Politics, translated by Henry Zhao.
{"title":"“The Political Theory of Aristotle,” by Liang Qichao","authors":"H. Zhao","doi":"10.1086/717203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/717203","url":null,"abstract":"In 1898, the Chinese reformer, journalist, and political thinker Liang Qichao 梁啓超 (1873–1929) made Aristotle’s political thought available to his countrymen for the first time in China’s long history. Liang’s essay “The Political Theory of Aristotle” has never been available in English, leaving most scholars who are interested in the history of Chinese political thought unable to access what one of the earliest Chinese political reformers chose to say about a philosopher he believed to be the source of Western politics. This contribution includes “The Political Theory of Aristotle,” Liang’s explication and commentary on Aristotle’s Politics, translated by Henry Zhao.","PeriodicalId":187662,"journal":{"name":"KNOW: A Journal on the Formation of Knowledge","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132225724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W e constantly make choices that determine our path. These choices, and the emotions that accompany them,manifest themselves inmysterious, abstract ways. These abstractmanifestations become concrete through the act of creating. Each movement we make takes the abstract sensibilities and gives them a visual representation. The brush has the unique ability to record even the most minute movement and provide a definition or journal for our abstract self. The memory can be overloaded by day-to-day stresses and complexities. Without a visual or concrete definition of our abstract self, tracking our unique inner pattern becomes more difficult. It is helpful to learn our own inner language in order to navigate our own minds and the physical world.
{"title":"Thoughts on the Brush","authors":"Kevin Pang","doi":"10.1086/717433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/717433","url":null,"abstract":"W e constantly make choices that determine our path. These choices, and the emotions that accompany them,manifest themselves inmysterious, abstract ways. These abstractmanifestations become concrete through the act of creating. Each movement we make takes the abstract sensibilities and gives them a visual representation. The brush has the unique ability to record even the most minute movement and provide a definition or journal for our abstract self. The memory can be overloaded by day-to-day stresses and complexities. Without a visual or concrete definition of our abstract self, tracking our unique inner pattern becomes more difficult. It is helpful to learn our own inner language in order to navigate our own minds and the physical world.","PeriodicalId":187662,"journal":{"name":"KNOW: A Journal on the Formation of Knowledge","volume":"222 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116384740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this essay, we approach the question of language, thought, and reality by studying how grammar and the lexicon encode our relation to the world (veridicality). We will address the fundamental categories of knowledge and belief and focus on specific grammatical devices such as mood morphemes (subjunctive and indicative), attitude verbs of knowledge and belief, and expressions of possibility and necessity such as modal verbs (must, may, will, might). What is the function of these expressions? How much do they tell us about the nature of knowing and believing? What are the factors that play a role in belief formation?
在这篇文章中，我们通过研究语法和词汇如何编码我们与世界的关系(真实性)来探讨语言、思想和现实的问题。我们将讨论知识和信念的基本类别，并侧重于特定的语法手段，如语素(虚拟语气和指示语气)，知识和信念的态度动词，以及可能性和必要性的表达，如情态动词(must, may, will, might)。这些表达式的作用是什么?关于认识和相信的本质，它们告诉了我们多少?在信仰形成中起作用的因素是什么?
{"title":"A Linguistic Framework for Knowledge, Belief, and Veridicality Judgment","authors":"A. Giannakidou, A. Mari","doi":"10.1086/716348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/716348","url":null,"abstract":"In this essay, we approach the question of language, thought, and reality by studying how grammar and the lexicon encode our relation to the world (veridicality). We will address the fundamental categories of knowledge and belief and focus on specific grammatical devices such as mood morphemes (subjunctive and indicative), attitude verbs of knowledge and belief, and expressions of possibility and necessity such as modal verbs (must, may, will, might). What is the function of these expressions? How much do they tell us about the nature of knowing and believing? What are the factors that play a role in belief formation?","PeriodicalId":187662,"journal":{"name":"KNOW: A Journal on the Formation of Knowledge","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127168580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 1898, the Chinese reformer, journalist, and political thinker Liang Qichao 梁啓超 (1873–1929) made Aristotle’s political thought available to his countrymen for the first time in China’s long history. Liang’s essay “The Political Theory of Aristotle” has never been available in English, leaving most scholars who are interested in the history of Chinese political thought unable to access what one of the earliest Chinese political reformers chose to say about a philosopher he believed to be the source of Western politics. This contribution includes an introduction by Shadi Bartsch that sets the scene for the first English translation of “The Political Theory of Aristotle,” Liang’s explication and commentary on Aristotle’s Politics.
{"title":"Aristotle’s Politics under the Last Qing Emperor: An Introduction to the First Chinese Translation","authors":"S. Bartsch","doi":"10.1086/716454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/716454","url":null,"abstract":"In 1898, the Chinese reformer, journalist, and political thinker Liang Qichao 梁啓超 (1873–1929) made Aristotle’s political thought available to his countrymen for the first time in China’s long history. Liang’s essay “The Political Theory of Aristotle” has never been available in English, leaving most scholars who are interested in the history of Chinese political thought unable to access what one of the earliest Chinese political reformers chose to say about a philosopher he believed to be the source of Western politics. This contribution includes an introduction by Shadi Bartsch that sets the scene for the first English translation of “The Political Theory of Aristotle,” Liang’s explication and commentary on Aristotle’s Politics.","PeriodicalId":187662,"journal":{"name":"KNOW: A Journal on the Formation of Knowledge","volume":"242 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116062561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the past half-century, a set of statistical techniques and ideas about inference have experienced a remarkable scientific success. Significance at the 5 percent level has come to mark a clear and distinct criterion for scientific knowledge in a wide range of fields. Recently, however, this convention has been embroiled in controversy, as the relentless pursuit of significance has produced a range of well-known scientific abuses. Instead of staking out a position in these debates, this article analyzes the history of epistemological values underlying them. It focuses on an earlier critic of the misuse of statistical tests: John W. Tukey. Speaking to behavioral scientists in the middle of the twentieth century, Tukey insisted that reducing inference to a set of universal rules or mechanical procedures to eliminate uncertainty was a pursuit doomed to failure. Scientists needed to accept the irreducibility of individual judgments and decisions in data analysis, even when they risked charges of subjectivism or arbitrariness. For Tukey, the enforcement of scientific consensus and even the value of objectivity must yield to empirical judgments and an ethic of individual conscience. These values were informed by his comparative understanding of the history of science, which reserved a special place for empiricism in younger sciences. Reconstructing Tukey’s work offers an alternative perspective on the quantitative, formal objectivity of the postwar sciences as well as the present, where big data and machine learning have raised thorny new problems for statistical inference and scientific expertise.
在过去的半个世纪里，一系列关于推理的统计技术和思想在科学上取得了显著的成功。5%水平的重要性标志着在广泛的领域中科学知识的一个明确而独特的标准。然而，最近，由于对意义的不懈追求产生了一系列众所周知的科学滥用，这一公约陷入了争议。本文不是在这些争论中表明立场，而是分析它们背后的认识论价值的历史。它关注的是早期对滥用统计测试的批评者:约翰·w·杜克(John W. Tukey)。在20世纪中叶与行为科学家交谈时，Tukey坚持认为，将推理简化为一套普遍规则或机械程序来消除不确定性是一种注定要失败的追求。科学家需要接受数据分析中个人判断和决定的不可约性，即使他们冒着被指责为主观主义或随意性的风险。对于Tukey来说，科学共识的执行，甚至客观性的价值，都必须屈服于经验判断和个人良心的伦理。他对科学史的比较理解，为经验主义在较年轻的科学中保留了一个特殊的位置，从而为这些价值观提供了信息。重建Tukey的工作为战后科学的定量、形式客观性提供了另一种视角，也为当今科学提供了另一种视角，在当今，大数据和机器学习为统计推断和科学专业知识提出了棘手的新问题。
{"title":"“Thinking, Judging, Noticing, Feeling”: John W. Tukey against the Mechanization of Inferential Knowledge","authors":"Alexander Campolo","doi":"10.1086/713021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/713021","url":null,"abstract":"During the past half-century, a set of statistical techniques and ideas about inference have experienced a remarkable scientific success. Significance at the 5 percent level has come to mark a clear and distinct criterion for scientific knowledge in a wide range of fields. Recently, however, this convention has been embroiled in controversy, as the relentless pursuit of significance has produced a range of well-known scientific abuses. Instead of staking out a position in these debates, this article analyzes the history of epistemological values underlying them. It focuses on an earlier critic of the misuse of statistical tests: John W. Tukey. Speaking to behavioral scientists in the middle of the twentieth century, Tukey insisted that reducing inference to a set of universal rules or mechanical procedures to eliminate uncertainty was a pursuit doomed to failure. Scientists needed to accept the irreducibility of individual judgments and decisions in data analysis, even when they risked charges of subjectivism or arbitrariness. For Tukey, the enforcement of scientific consensus and even the value of objectivity must yield to empirical judgments and an ethic of individual conscience. These values were informed by his comparative understanding of the history of science, which reserved a special place for empiricism in younger sciences. Reconstructing Tukey’s work offers an alternative perspective on the quantitative, formal objectivity of the postwar sciences as well as the present, where big data and machine learning have raised thorny new problems for statistical inference and scientific expertise.","PeriodicalId":187662,"journal":{"name":"KNOW: A Journal on the Formation of Knowledge","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123796487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines how the reception history of Maria Sibylla Merian’s oeuvre may shed light on the role of medicine in interpreting art around 1700. The focus is on Merian’s iconic images of the pineapple, a fruit that many considered a potential source of disease. The years when Merian was active saw the eruption of debates over the origins of intestinal worms and the possible role of sweet fruits as carriers of the invisible eggs of these parasites. The key figures in these helminthological debates were also the interlocutors and collectors of Merian, including the physicians Richard Mead and Hans Sloane. A study of the writings of these medical professionals reveals that, for Europeans in this period, exotic fruits indicated not only the bountiful productivity of tropical nature but also its inherent dangers. Using this case study, this article therefore argues that dietetics and medicine played a key role in the interpretation of art in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries when physicians had a strong presence in the world of collecting works of art.
{"title":"The Pineapple and the Worms","authors":"Dániel Margócsy","doi":"10.1086/713074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/713074","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines how the reception history of Maria Sibylla Merian’s oeuvre may shed light on the role of medicine in interpreting art around 1700. The focus is on Merian’s iconic images of the pineapple, a fruit that many considered a potential source of disease. The years when Merian was active saw the eruption of debates over the origins of intestinal worms and the possible role of sweet fruits as carriers of the invisible eggs of these parasites. The key figures in these helminthological debates were also the interlocutors and collectors of Merian, including the physicians Richard Mead and Hans Sloane. A study of the writings of these medical professionals reveals that, for Europeans in this period, exotic fruits indicated not only the bountiful productivity of tropical nature but also its inherent dangers. Using this case study, this article therefore argues that dietetics and medicine played a key role in the interpretation of art in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries when physicians had a strong presence in the world of collecting works of art.","PeriodicalId":187662,"journal":{"name":"KNOW: A Journal on the Formation of Knowledge","volume":"172 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132507770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drawing on Marvel’s Black Panther and the work of the authors Nnedi Okorafor, Tade Thompson, and Deji Olukotun, this article argues that African-oriented speculative fiction resonates with major narratives in the social study of science and technology in Africa. They depict the erasure of African expertise by hegemonic understandings of science and technology, illustrate historically specific meanings of the cultural categories of science and technology, and challenge conventional approaches to the distinction between magic and technology and the politics of temporality. Although always partial and situated, speculative fiction offers incisive analyses of science and technology in Africa.
{"title":"In the Path of the Black Panther: Science, Technology, and Speculative Fiction in African Studies","authors":"Damien Droney","doi":"10.1086/713089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/713089","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing on Marvel’s Black Panther and the work of the authors Nnedi Okorafor, Tade Thompson, and Deji Olukotun, this article argues that African-oriented speculative fiction resonates with major narratives in the social study of science and technology in Africa. They depict the erasure of African expertise by hegemonic understandings of science and technology, illustrate historically specific meanings of the cultural categories of science and technology, and challenge conventional approaches to the distinction between magic and technology and the politics of temporality. Although always partial and situated, speculative fiction offers incisive analyses of science and technology in Africa.","PeriodicalId":187662,"journal":{"name":"KNOW: A Journal on the Formation of Knowledge","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129973742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over the past century, transmission of Chinese cooking technique shifted from teacher to text, while its regional cuisines emerged as global cultural brands. Each of these phenomena represents a distinct way of knowing food. Based on the author’s experience learning Sichuan cooking in a Chengdu trade school and in the kitchens of two of the city’s best-regarded restaurants, this essay compares the relative weighting of artisanal and culinary knowledge. It questions the role of heritage programs in upscaling training, emphasizes the socialization process of a working kitchen, and extols the unique insights to be gained from getting your hands dirty.
{"title":"There’s a Body in the Kitchen! A Cook’s-Eye View of Sichuan Cuisine","authors":"T. DuBois","doi":"10.1086/712998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/712998","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past century, transmission of Chinese cooking technique shifted from teacher to text, while its regional cuisines emerged as global cultural brands. Each of these phenomena represents a distinct way of knowing food. Based on the author’s experience learning Sichuan cooking in a Chengdu trade school and in the kitchens of two of the city’s best-regarded restaurants, this essay compares the relative weighting of artisanal and culinary knowledge. It questions the role of heritage programs in upscaling training, emphasizes the socialization process of a working kitchen, and extols the unique insights to be gained from getting your hands dirty.","PeriodicalId":187662,"journal":{"name":"KNOW: A Journal on the Formation of Knowledge","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131444461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The “dissertation,” a text prepared for public disputation, constituted a special but expansive genre of scholarly publication in early modern Europe. This article explicates the significance of the dissertation in the production, communication, and organization of knowledge in this period, especially in Protestant Germanic countries. It shows how different the early modern dissertation was from its descendant today and places it in the context of development from the medieval disputation to the modern dissertation. It also explicates the importance of the dissertation in intellectual, cultural, and publication history and supplements the literature on the Republic of Letters.
{"title":"For the Love of the Truth: The Dissertation as a Genre of Scholarly Publication in Early Modern Europe","authors":"K. Chang","doi":"10.1086/713251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/713251","url":null,"abstract":"The “dissertation,” a text prepared for public disputation, constituted a special but expansive genre of scholarly publication in early modern Europe. This article explicates the significance of the dissertation in the production, communication, and organization of knowledge in this period, especially in Protestant Germanic countries. It shows how different the early modern dissertation was from its descendant today and places it in the context of development from the medieval disputation to the modern dissertation. It also explicates the importance of the dissertation in intellectual, cultural, and publication history and supplements the literature on the Republic of Letters.","PeriodicalId":187662,"journal":{"name":"KNOW: A Journal on the Formation of Knowledge","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131465546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the late 1960s, two big shots of postwar economics debated model-building techniques in the Public Interest. Robert M. Solow argued that the new methods enabled precise state intervention. To John K. Galbraith, they marginalized critical economic thinking and abetted the prevailing growthist ideology to the detriment of the public good. Both claimed influence over policy making but through different channels. Both argued vigorously to fix the political meaning of modeling before a general audience. This article focuses on the actors’ frustrated attempts to establish clear-cut relationships between research practices, modes of intervention, and political ideals. Despite their strenuous exertions, they did not succeed in equipping their competing methodological stances with equally distinct politics. Where these efforts failed, they resorted to constructions of scientific self and other. Personae glued together practices (including assumptions, tools, and standards of evidence) and politics where perhaps no inherent bond existed. Our reading (1) elucidates the confusion over mathematical models just as they became the objects of political debate, and (2) aims to confound the idea that there is a politics of knowledge that is clearly delineable and transparent to historical actors and retrospective observers alike.
20世纪60年代末，战后经济学的两位大腕在《公共利益》(Public Interest)杂志上讨论了模型构建技术。罗伯特·m·索洛(Robert M. Solow)认为，这些新方法实现了精确的国家干预。在约翰·k·加尔布雷斯看来，他们边缘化了批判性经济思维，助长了盛行的增长主义意识形态，损害了公共利益。他们都声称对政策制定有影响力，但通过不同的渠道。两人都极力主张在大众面前明确模特的政治意义。本文关注的是参与者试图在研究实践、干预模式和政治理想之间建立明确关系的失败尝试。尽管他们付出了艰苦的努力，但他们并没有成功地将他们相互竞争的方法论立场与同样独特的政治相结合。在这些努力失败的地方，他们求助于科学的自我和他者的建构。人物将实践(包括假设、工具和证据标准)和政治粘合在一起，而这些可能并不存在内在的联系。我们的阅读(1)阐明了当数学模型成为政治辩论的对象时对它们的困惑，(2)旨在混淆这样一种观点，即存在一种知识政治，它对历史参与者和回顾性观察者都是清晰可描绘和透明的。
{"title":"How Does Economic Knowledge Have a Politics? On the Frustrated Attempts of John K. Galbraith and Robert M. Solow to Fix the Political Meaning of Economic Models in The Public Interest","authors":"Eric Hounshell, Verena Halsmayer","doi":"10.1086/710608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/710608","url":null,"abstract":"In the late 1960s, two big shots of postwar economics debated model-building techniques in the Public Interest. Robert M. Solow argued that the new methods enabled precise state intervention. To John K. Galbraith, they marginalized critical economic thinking and abetted the prevailing growthist ideology to the detriment of the public good. Both claimed influence over policy making but through different channels. Both argued vigorously to fix the political meaning of modeling before a general audience. This article focuses on the actors’ frustrated attempts to establish clear-cut relationships between research practices, modes of intervention, and political ideals. Despite their strenuous exertions, they did not succeed in equipping their competing methodological stances with equally distinct politics. Where these efforts failed, they resorted to constructions of scientific self and other. Personae glued together practices (including assumptions, tools, and standards of evidence) and politics where perhaps no inherent bond existed. Our reading (1) elucidates the confusion over mathematical models just as they became the objects of political debate, and (2) aims to confound the idea that there is a politics of knowledge that is clearly delineable and transparent to historical actors and retrospective observers alike.","PeriodicalId":187662,"journal":{"name":"KNOW: A Journal on the Formation of Knowledge","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126763523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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