Pub Date : 2022-07-21DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.2.6346
Akram La Kilo, Ramona Nintias R. Abas, A. Costanzo, D. Mazza, D. N. Botutihe, Jafar La Kilo
This study aims to determine the effect of Mn3+ and La3+ dopants on the structure of PbBi2Nb2O9 (PBN) using atomistic simulation. PBN phase geometry was optimized before the Mn3+ and La3+-doped phase. Mn3+ partially substituted octahedral Nb5+ in the perovskite layer. While La3+partially substituted Bi3+ in the bismuth layer and dodecahedral Pb2+in the perovskite layer. The concentration (x) of dopants that doped PBN was made in such a way that it produces a phase of Pb1-2xBi1.5 + 2xLa0.5Nb2-xMnxO9 (x = 0, 0.1, and 0.3) which was not charged. The simulation results showed that the optimized PBN cell parameters were in a good agreement with the experimental result. Increasing the concentration of dopants result in the Pb1-2xBi1.5+ 2xLa0.5Nb2-xMnxO9 phase (PBNM-Bi and PBNM-A) being less stable, as indicated by the increased lattice energy. PBNLM-Bi structures experiences an elongation which was showed by the cell parameters of c increase while a and b decrease. La3+prefers to occupy bismuth oxide layer rather than the dodecahedral A-site of the perovskite layer. The results of this simulation can explain the PBLNM structure of experimental results that do not pay attention to the multiplicity of doped PBN with certain dopant concentrations.
{"title":"Atomistic Simulation of La and Mn-Doped PbBi2Nb2O9 Aurivillius Phase","authors":"Akram La Kilo, Ramona Nintias R. Abas, A. Costanzo, D. Mazza, D. N. Botutihe, Jafar La Kilo","doi":"10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.2.6346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.2.6346","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to determine the effect of Mn3+ and La3+ dopants on the structure of PbBi2Nb2O9 (PBN) using atomistic simulation. PBN phase geometry was optimized before the Mn3+ and La3+-doped phase. Mn3+ partially substituted octahedral Nb5+ in the perovskite layer. While La3+partially substituted Bi3+ in the bismuth layer and dodecahedral Pb2+in the perovskite layer. The concentration (x) of dopants that doped PBN was made in such a way that it produces a phase of Pb1-2xBi1.5 + 2xLa0.5Nb2-xMnxO9 (x = 0, 0.1, and 0.3) which was not charged. The simulation results showed that the optimized PBN cell parameters were in a good agreement with the experimental result. Increasing the concentration of dopants result in the Pb1-2xBi1.5+ 2xLa0.5Nb2-xMnxO9 phase (PBNM-Bi and PBNM-A) being less stable, as indicated by the increased lattice energy. PBNLM-Bi structures experiences an elongation which was showed by the cell parameters of c increase while a and b decrease. La3+prefers to occupy bismuth oxide layer rather than the dodecahedral A-site of the perovskite layer. The results of this simulation can explain the PBLNM structure of experimental results that do not pay attention to the multiplicity of doped PBN with certain dopant concentrations.","PeriodicalId":18773,"journal":{"name":"Molekul","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44068642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-21DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.2.5059
M. Kurniasih, Purwati Purwati, R. S. Dewi, Kasandra Budiarni
This study synthesized silver N-methyl chitosan (Ag-NMC) and tested it for its antimicrobial and antifungal activity. Ag-NMC was characterized by FTIR, XRD, measured for its molecular weight (MW), solubility, and toxicity. The antimicrobial activity was tested by the agar diffusion method, determining the MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration), MBC (Minimum Bactericidal Concentration) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria, and determining the Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) against the fungus Candida albicans. The results showed that Ag-NMC had MW, solubility, and LC50 of 555.65 g/mol, 50 mg/mL, 945,492 mg/L, respectively. The diameter of the inhibition zone from the resulting diffusion test showed that Ag-NMC had better antimicrobial activity than N-methyl chitosan (NMC) and chitosan. The MIC, MBC, and MFC values of Ag-NMC were always lower than that of NMC and chitosan.
{"title":"Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Silver N-Methyl Chitosan","authors":"M. Kurniasih, Purwati Purwati, R. S. Dewi, Kasandra Budiarni","doi":"10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.2.5059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.2.5059","url":null,"abstract":"This study synthesized silver N-methyl chitosan (Ag-NMC) and tested it for its antimicrobial and antifungal activity. Ag-NMC was characterized by FTIR, XRD, measured for its molecular weight (MW), solubility, and toxicity. The antimicrobial activity was tested by the agar diffusion method, determining the MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration), MBC (Minimum Bactericidal Concentration) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria, and determining the Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) against the fungus Candida albicans. The results showed that Ag-NMC had MW, solubility, and LC50 of 555.65 g/mol, 50 mg/mL, 945,492 mg/L, respectively. The diameter of the inhibition zone from the resulting diffusion test showed that Ag-NMC had better antimicrobial activity than N-methyl chitosan (NMC) and chitosan. The MIC, MBC, and MFC values of Ag-NMC were always lower than that of NMC and chitosan.","PeriodicalId":18773,"journal":{"name":"Molekul","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42356061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-21DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.2.6358
K. Karelius, I. M. Sadiana, A. Fatah, Retno Agnestisia
Clay is a natural material that has been widely applied as a low-cost adsorbent for removing various contaminants from wastewater. To improve its characteristics and activity, natural clay from Central Kalimantan was activated by acid and calcination treatments, then synthesized with magnetite (Fe3O4) in nanocomposite by co-precipitation method. The obtained nanocomposite was further characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption, vibrating sample magnetometry, and transmission electron microscopy methods. The results showed that co-precipitation method has been successfully produced clay-magnetite nanocomposite from activated clay with specific surface area, saturation magnetization, and particle size were 37.458 m2/g, 24.910 emu/g, and 50 nm, respectively. The obtained natural clay, activated clay, and clay-magnetite nanocomposite were then evaluated for adsorptive removal of naphthol blue black (NBB) synthetic dye from wastewater generated by an industry of Benang Bintik batik in Central Kalimantan using a batch system. The results showed that optimum pH for adsorptive removal process from these adsorbents were 2, while the optimum contact times of natural clay, activated clay, and clay-magnetite nanocomposite were 90, 60, and 60 minutes, respectively. The clay-magnetite nanocomposite also showed a much better removal efficiency (99.58%) than activated clay (86.28%) and natural clay (68.27%). The utilization of clay-magnetite nanocomposite as adsorbent not only can increase its removal efficiency against NBB dye, but also can facilitate the separation of the adsorbent solid phase from wastewater using an external magnetic field after the adsorptive removal process.
{"title":"Co-Precipitation Synthesis of Clay-Magnetite Nanocomposite for Adsorptive Removal of Synthetic Dye in Wastewater of Benang Bintik Batik","authors":"K. Karelius, I. M. Sadiana, A. Fatah, Retno Agnestisia","doi":"10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.2.6358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.2.6358","url":null,"abstract":"Clay is a natural material that has been widely applied as a low-cost adsorbent for removing various contaminants from wastewater. To improve its characteristics and activity, natural clay from Central Kalimantan was activated by acid and calcination treatments, then synthesized with magnetite (Fe3O4) in nanocomposite by co-precipitation method. The obtained nanocomposite was further characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption, vibrating sample magnetometry, and transmission electron microscopy methods. The results showed that co-precipitation method has been successfully produced clay-magnetite nanocomposite from activated clay with specific surface area, saturation magnetization, and particle size were 37.458 m2/g, 24.910 emu/g, and 50 nm, respectively. The obtained natural clay, activated clay, and clay-magnetite nanocomposite were then evaluated for adsorptive removal of naphthol blue black (NBB) synthetic dye from wastewater generated by an industry of Benang Bintik batik in Central Kalimantan using a batch system. The results showed that optimum pH for adsorptive removal process from these adsorbents were 2, while the optimum contact times of natural clay, activated clay, and clay-magnetite nanocomposite were 90, 60, and 60 minutes, respectively. The clay-magnetite nanocomposite also showed a much better removal efficiency (99.58%) than activated clay (86.28%) and natural clay (68.27%). The utilization of clay-magnetite nanocomposite as adsorbent not only can increase its removal efficiency against NBB dye, but also can facilitate the separation of the adsorbent solid phase from wastewater using an external magnetic field after the adsorptive removal process.","PeriodicalId":18773,"journal":{"name":"Molekul","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45201452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-21DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.2.6359
Muhammad Nursid, Anissa Permatasari, U. Syafitri, Irmanida Batubara
Optimization extraction of the brown algae Padina australis using the Box-Behnken design has been carried out. Box-Behnken design in relation to Response Surface Methodology analysis was conducted with four experimental factors (i.e., solvent concentration, temperature, extraction time, and sample to solvents ratio) towards the responses of yield antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, anti-glycation, total phenolic content, and fucoxanthin content, completing with 29 running experiments. P. australis extraction's optimum condition was acquired at 79.99% solvent concentration, 18.48 hours extraction time, 44.50ºC temperature, and 1:9 ratio powders and solvents. The optimum condition provided a 7.30% extraction yield, 43.94% antioxidant activity, 86.83% anti-tyrosinase, 98.06% anti-glycation, 9.53 mg GAE/g total phenolic content, and 347.55 µg/g fucoxanthin content. Respond Surface Methodology analysis with the Box-Behnken design succeeded in making the appropriate model for producing the optimum P. australis extract.
{"title":"Application of Box-Behnken Design for the Extraction of Padina australis","authors":"Muhammad Nursid, Anissa Permatasari, U. Syafitri, Irmanida Batubara","doi":"10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.2.6359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.2.6359","url":null,"abstract":"Optimization extraction of the brown algae Padina australis using the Box-Behnken design has been carried out. Box-Behnken design in relation to Response Surface Methodology analysis was conducted with four experimental factors (i.e., solvent concentration, temperature, extraction time, and sample to solvents ratio) towards the responses of yield antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, anti-glycation, total phenolic content, and fucoxanthin content, completing with 29 running experiments. P. australis extraction's optimum condition was acquired at 79.99% solvent concentration, 18.48 hours extraction time, 44.50ºC temperature, and 1:9 ratio powders and solvents. The optimum condition provided a 7.30% extraction yield, 43.94% antioxidant activity, 86.83% anti-tyrosinase, 98.06% anti-glycation, 9.53 mg GAE/g total phenolic content, and 347.55 µg/g fucoxanthin content. Respond Surface Methodology analysis with the Box-Behnken design succeeded in making the appropriate model for producing the optimum P. australis extract.","PeriodicalId":18773,"journal":{"name":"Molekul","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48443098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-21DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.2.5179
E. Suryanto, M. Taroreh
Corncob fiber powder was prepared by alkaline process, and their effects were investigated on the composition, physicochemical, and antioxidant properties of dietary fiber (DF) products. DF content was determined using AOAC enzymatic-gravimetric analysis, while chemical composition in fiber was observed on cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The results showed that cellulose content of significantly increased while hemicellulose and lignin was observed decreasing. Correspondingly, content of the insoluble, soluble, and total DF of corncob was increased by 14.72-20.77, 28.86-47.43, and 15.12-21.42%, respectively. Furthermore, the particle size of DF is distributed in a range from 58.50-83.90 µm. XRD analysis showed the characteristics of cellulose that exhibited increasing crystalline degree from 29.33% to 53.53% and 59.62%, respectively. FTIR shows that the DF matrix structure does not change and in the presence of special structures of cellulose compounds. The SEM results showed that the alkaline process could significantly decrease the particle size and influence on the physicochemical and functional properties of corncob insoluble DF. The results also showed that DF extract has lower DPPH radical scavenging activity. The results suggest that corncob DF have good potential candidate for dietary fiber containing antioxidant ingredient and for their further applications in food.
{"title":"Evaluation, Characterization of Fiber Content, and Antioxidant Activity of Corncob (Zea mays L.) during Alkalization","authors":"E. Suryanto, M. Taroreh","doi":"10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.2.5179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.2.5179","url":null,"abstract":"Corncob fiber powder was prepared by alkaline process, and their effects were investigated on the composition, physicochemical, and antioxidant properties of dietary fiber (DF) products. DF content was determined using AOAC enzymatic-gravimetric analysis, \u0000while chemical composition in fiber was observed on \u0000cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The results showed that cellulose content of significantly increased while hemicellulose and lignin was observed decreasing. Correspondingly, content of the insoluble, soluble, and total DF of corncob was increased by 14.72-20.77, 28.86-47.43, and 15.12-21.42%, respectively. Furthermore, the particle size of DF is distributed in a range from 58.50-83.90 µm. XRD analysis showed the characteristics of cellulose that exhibited increasing crystalline degree from 29.33% to 53.53% and 59.62%, respectively. FTIR shows that the DF matrix structure does not change and in the presence of special structures of cellulose compounds. The SEM results showed that the alkaline process could significantly decrease the particle size and influence on the physicochemical and functional properties of corncob insoluble DF. The results also showed that DF extract has lower DPPH radical scavenging activity. The results suggest that corncob DF have good potential candidate for dietary fiber containing antioxidant ingredient and for their further applications in food.","PeriodicalId":18773,"journal":{"name":"Molekul","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47483933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-21DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.2.6348
D. Hermawan, Cacu Cacu, Khansa Salsabila, Suwandri Suwandri, A. Fatoni, U. Sulaeman, P. Iswanto, M. Mudasir, H. Aboul‐Enein
The chiral separation of econazole, an antifungal drug with one chiral center has been successfully carried out using the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Enantioresolution of econazole (Rs = 2.29) was achieved using cyclodextrin-based chiral column (Astec Cyclobond, 25 cm × 4.6 mm × 5 μm), mobile phase composition of acetonitrile : water (0.2% HCOOH) (20:80, v/v), and UV detection of 220 nm.The optimized HPLC method has been applied for the quantitative determination of econazole in the pharmaceutical (liquid) sample withpercentage recovery of 100.75 % (RSD = 0,95%; n = 3). The effect of several HPLC parameters on the chiral separation of econazole was also evaluated and the method was successfully validated in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, and selectivity. The present HPLC method was simple, short analysis time, and high resolution.
{"title":"Chiral Separation of Econazole by High Performance Liquid Chromatography Method using Cyclodextrin as Chiral Column","authors":"D. Hermawan, Cacu Cacu, Khansa Salsabila, Suwandri Suwandri, A. Fatoni, U. Sulaeman, P. Iswanto, M. Mudasir, H. Aboul‐Enein","doi":"10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.2.6348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.2.6348","url":null,"abstract":"The chiral separation of econazole, an antifungal drug with one chiral center has been successfully carried out using the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Enantioresolution of econazole (Rs = 2.29) was achieved using cyclodextrin-based chiral column (Astec Cyclobond, 25 cm × 4.6 mm × 5 μm), mobile phase composition of acetonitrile : water (0.2% HCOOH) (20:80, v/v), and UV detection of 220 nm.The optimized HPLC method has been applied for the quantitative determination of econazole in the pharmaceutical (liquid) sample withpercentage recovery of 100.75 % (RSD = 0,95%; n = 3). The effect of several HPLC parameters on the chiral separation of econazole was also evaluated and the method was successfully validated in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, and selectivity. The present HPLC method was simple, short analysis time, and high resolution.","PeriodicalId":18773,"journal":{"name":"Molekul","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48170024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-21DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.2.5492
M. Chasani, S. Widyaningsih, Undri Rastuti, A. Ramadhan, Iji Abdul Aziz
The ethyl acetate fraction from methanol extract of ketapang (Terminalia catappa Linn) fruit flesh has anti-cancer potential. Therefore, this study aims to obtain the active anti-cervical cancer agent from the ethyl acetate fraction of ketapang fruit flesh’s methanol extract. The first step carried out was fractionation of the ethyl acetate fraction of methanol extract using gravity column chromatography with an eluent of ethyl acetate: chloroform: glacial acetic acid (1:8:1). The second step was a toxicity test on fractions produced from column chromatography. The third step was the test of secondary metabolite and anti-cancer activity of fraction possessing the highest toxicity to Artemia salina Leach. Fractionation of the concentrated ethyl acetate fraction by column chromatography, yielded seven subfractions (F1-F7). Furthermore, the cytotoxic test on A. salinaLeach shrimp larvae generated the following LC50 data from the 1st to 7th subfraction in a row, namely 566.2814 ppm, 87.9077 ppm, 216.6232 ppm, 566.2814 ppm, 560, 6647 ppm, 279.9213 ppm, and 194.6674 ppm. The most active subfraction is fraction 2 which have two groups of positive compounds, i.e. phenolics and saponins were obtained from the secondary metabolite test. Data from the infrared spectroscopy performed showed the presence of groups –OH, C-H aromatic, C=O carbonyl, C=C aromatic, C=C alkene, C-H aliphatic, C-H alkane, and C-O. The value of the anti-cancer activity of fraction 2 was IC50 = 165.37 ppm, which was included in the fairly active category as an anti-cervical cancer agent.
{"title":"Anti-cervical Cancer Test of the Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Terminalia catappa Linn Fruit Flesh against HeLa Cells","authors":"M. Chasani, S. Widyaningsih, Undri Rastuti, A. Ramadhan, Iji Abdul Aziz","doi":"10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.2.5492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.2.5492","url":null,"abstract":"The ethyl acetate fraction from methanol extract of ketapang (Terminalia catappa Linn) fruit flesh has anti-cancer potential. Therefore, this study aims to obtain the active anti-cervical cancer agent from the ethyl acetate fraction of ketapang fruit flesh’s methanol extract. The first step carried out was fractionation of the ethyl acetate fraction of methanol extract using gravity column chromatography with an eluent of ethyl acetate: chloroform: glacial acetic acid (1:8:1). The second step was a toxicity test on fractions produced from column chromatography. The third step was the test of secondary metabolite and anti-cancer activity of fraction possessing the highest toxicity to Artemia salina Leach. Fractionation of the concentrated ethyl acetate fraction by column chromatography, yielded seven subfractions (F1-F7). Furthermore, the cytotoxic test on A. salinaLeach shrimp larvae generated the following LC50 data from the 1st to 7th subfraction in a row, namely 566.2814 ppm, 87.9077 ppm, 216.6232 ppm, 566.2814 ppm, 560, 6647 ppm, 279.9213 ppm, and 194.6674 ppm. The most active subfraction is fraction 2 which have two groups of positive compounds, i.e. phenolics and saponins were obtained from the secondary metabolite test. Data from the infrared spectroscopy performed showed the presence of groups –OH, C-H aromatic, C=O carbonyl, C=C aromatic, C=C alkene, C-H aliphatic, C-H alkane, and C-O. The value of the anti-cancer activity of fraction 2 was IC50 = 165.37 ppm, which was included in the fairly active category as an anti-cervical cancer agent.","PeriodicalId":18773,"journal":{"name":"Molekul","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48199350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-21DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.2.5557
U. Susilo, F. Rachmawati, E. Wibowo, Ristiandani R. Pradhyaningrum, Koni Okthalina, Muthiara N. A. Mulyani
This study aims to determine the total protease, lipase, and amylase activities at different pHs, as well as pepsin and trypsin-like at different temperatures. A total of 240 individuals have been used in this study. Enzyme activity was measured by the spectrophotometer method. The effect of pH was evaluated on protease, lipase, and amylase activity, while the effect of temperature was evaluated on pepsin and trypsin-like activities.The results showed that the total protease activity at pH 7.0-10.0 was significantly higher than pH 1.7-5.0 (P <0.05). Furthermore, the activity of lipase was significantly higher at pH 5.0-7.0 than pH 1.7, 3.4, and 10.0. Also, the activity of amylase at pH 7.0-8.0 was significantly higher (p <0.05) than pH 1.7-5.0 and pH 10.0. Moreover, the pepsin-like activity in the anterior gut was significantly higher (p <0.05) than the posterior gut.Conversely, trypsin-like activity in the posterior gut was significantly higher (p <.05) than the anterior gut. Additionally, the pepsin-like activity was significantly higher at 45°C compared to different temperatures (p <0.05), whereas trypsin-like was significantly (p <0.05) higher at 60 °C than othertemperatures. Conclusively, the total protease and amylase activity was higher under neutral to slightly alkaline conditions, while lipase was higher under acidic to neutral conditions. Furthermore, the pepsin-like activity was only found in the anterior gut, whereas trypsin-like was higher in the posterior gut. The optimal temperature for pepsin-like and trypsin-like activity was 45 °C and 60 °C, respectively.
{"title":"Digestive Enzyme Activities in Barred Loach (Nemacheilus fasciatus, Val., 1846.): Effect of pH and Temperature","authors":"U. Susilo, F. Rachmawati, E. Wibowo, Ristiandani R. Pradhyaningrum, Koni Okthalina, Muthiara N. A. Mulyani","doi":"10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.2.5557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.2.5557","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to determine the total protease, lipase, and amylase activities at different pHs, as well as pepsin and trypsin-like at different temperatures. A total of 240 individuals have been used in this study. Enzyme activity was measured by the spectrophotometer method. The effect of pH was evaluated on protease, lipase, and amylase activity, while the effect of temperature was evaluated on pepsin and trypsin-like activities.The results showed that the total protease activity at pH 7.0-10.0 was significantly higher than pH 1.7-5.0 (P <0.05). Furthermore, the activity of lipase was significantly higher at pH 5.0-7.0 than pH 1.7, 3.4, and 10.0. Also, the activity of amylase at pH 7.0-8.0 was significantly higher (p <0.05) than pH 1.7-5.0 and pH 10.0. Moreover, the pepsin-like activity in the anterior gut was significantly higher (p <0.05) than the posterior gut.Conversely, trypsin-like activity in the posterior gut was significantly higher (p <.05) than the anterior gut. Additionally, the pepsin-like activity was significantly higher at 45°C compared to different temperatures (p <0.05), whereas trypsin-like was significantly (p <0.05) higher at 60 °C than othertemperatures. Conclusively, the total protease and amylase activity was higher under neutral to slightly alkaline conditions, while lipase was higher under acidic to neutral conditions. Furthermore, the pepsin-like activity was only found in the anterior gut, whereas trypsin-like was higher in the posterior gut. The optimal temperature for pepsin-like and trypsin-like activity was 45 °C and 60 °C, respectively.","PeriodicalId":18773,"journal":{"name":"Molekul","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45299579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-21DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.2.6410
M. Aulia, Reza Rizki, S. Aprilia, F. Mulana
The effect of adding cellulose and CaCO3 as a bioplastic filler was studied. The source of cellulose is obtained from elephant grass plants, while CaCO3 is obtained from oyster shell waste. The primary raw material for bioplastics is tapioca starch with glycerol as a plasticizer using the solution casting method. The resulting bioplastics are thin and transparent but not very elastic, with a thickness is 1 mm. The mechanical properties test of bioplastics obtained tensile strength between 1-3 MPa and elongation between 1-4.4%. Physical properties test results obtained density between 0.313-0.33 g/mL and water absorption between 31.94-81.16%. The morphological test showed that the bioplastic surface was getting more uneven with more CaCO3 filler. The use of cellulose fillers without the combination obtained better results than cellulose and CaCO3 fillers.
{"title":"Effect of Addition Elephant Grass Cellulose and CaCO3 Oyster Shell Waste as Bioplastic Composites","authors":"M. Aulia, Reza Rizki, S. Aprilia, F. Mulana","doi":"10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.2.6410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.2.6410","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of adding cellulose and CaCO3 as a bioplastic filler was studied. The source of cellulose is obtained from elephant grass plants, while CaCO3 is obtained from oyster shell waste. The primary raw material for bioplastics is tapioca starch with glycerol as a plasticizer using the solution casting method. The resulting bioplastics are thin and transparent but not very elastic, with a thickness is 1 mm. The mechanical properties test of bioplastics obtained tensile strength between 1-3 MPa and elongation between 1-4.4%. Physical properties test results obtained density between 0.313-0.33 g/mL and water absorption between 31.94-81.16%. The morphological test showed that the bioplastic surface was getting more uneven with more CaCO3 filler. The use of cellulose fillers without the combination obtained better results than cellulose and CaCO3 fillers.","PeriodicalId":18773,"journal":{"name":"Molekul","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45326275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-21DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.2.5186
T. Kusumaningsih, M. Firdaus, Fyan Tri Istiqomah Juneasri
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) has a considerable potency to be developed in Indonesia because of its high nutritional content and spacious application of sweet potato starch in food and non-food fields. Physicochemical characterization, gelatinization profile, and proximate analysis of sweet potato starch white, yellow, and purple has been carried out. Initially, extraction of starch from white, yellow, and purple sweet potato flour was done using a maceration technique. The starch extract was then analysed to determine its physicochemical properties such as pH, density, boiling point, melting point, swelling capacity, and solubility in water, as well as morphological surface using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The gelatinization profile of sweet potato starch was measured using the Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA). The proximate composition of sweet potato starch was also determined. The results showed that yellow sweet potato starch has a high amylose content of 28.17% which thus leads to difficulty in absorbing water, increasing the gelatinization temperature and affecting the structural stability of the starch. The molecular structure of amylose and amylopectin is the main factor influencing the determination of the physicochemical characterization of sweet potato starch. Proximate analysis of sweet potato starch showed high content of amylose (28.17%), water (17.03%), and protein (5.21%) with low amylopectin (71.83%), minerals (1.09%), fat (0.09%), and carbohydrates (76.9%) content. The three varieties of sweet potato show extraordinary potential in food industrial applications because they play a huge part in deciding the suitability of sweet potato starch for specific requirements and interest in developing new and remarkable starch sources.
{"title":"The Physicochemical Characterization, Gelatinization Profile, and Proximate Analysis of Sweet Potato Starch (Ipomoea batatas L.) White, Yellow, and Purple","authors":"T. Kusumaningsih, M. Firdaus, Fyan Tri Istiqomah Juneasri","doi":"10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.2.5186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.2.5186","url":null,"abstract":"Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) has a considerable potency to be developed in Indonesia because of its high nutritional content and spacious application of sweet potato starch in food and non-food fields. Physicochemical characterization, gelatinization profile, and proximate analysis of sweet potato starch white, yellow, and purple has been carried out. Initially, extraction of starch from white, yellow, and purple sweet potato flour was done using a maceration technique. The starch extract was then analysed to determine its physicochemical properties such as pH, density, boiling point, melting point, swelling capacity, and solubility in water, as well as morphological surface using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The gelatinization profile of sweet potato starch was measured using the Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA). The proximate composition of sweet potato starch was also determined. The results showed that yellow sweet potato starch has a high amylose content of 28.17% which thus leads to difficulty in absorbing water, increasing the gelatinization temperature and affecting the structural stability of the starch. The molecular structure of amylose and amylopectin is the main factor influencing the determination of the physicochemical characterization of sweet potato starch. Proximate analysis of sweet potato starch showed high content of amylose (28.17%), water (17.03%), and protein (5.21%) with low amylopectin (71.83%), minerals (1.09%), fat (0.09%), and carbohydrates (76.9%) content. The three varieties of sweet potato show extraordinary potential in food industrial applications because they play a huge part in deciding the suitability of sweet potato starch for specific requirements and interest in developing new and remarkable starch sources.","PeriodicalId":18773,"journal":{"name":"Molekul","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43325628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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