Pub Date : 2022-07-21DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.2.5456
N. Nurjannah, B. Abdullah, Y. Herbani
Au, Ag, and Au/Ag core-shell nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized in aqueous solution by chemical reduction. UV-Vis absorption spectra confirmed a single surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak for Au and Ag NPs, at 520 nm and 419 nm, respectively. Au/Ag core-shell NPs' UV-Vis spectra showed two distinct peaks at 385 and 480 nm, confirming a core-shell structure different from its alloy counterpart. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows a relatively uniform spherical shape for both Au and core-shell Au/Ag NPs, while Ag NPs have a variety of forms such as a prism, rod, and spherical. The average size of the synthesized nanoparticles was quite similar, between 18 and 25 nm. The 4-nitrophenol reduction reaction model was used to study the catalytic ability of nanoparticles where Au/Ag core-shell NPs showed higher catalytic activity than the other monometallic NPs used in this study.
{"title":"Gold (Au), Silver (Ag) and Bimetallic Au/Ag Core-Shell Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Applications in 4-Nitrophenol Reduction Reactions","authors":"N. Nurjannah, B. Abdullah, Y. Herbani","doi":"10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.2.5456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.2.5456","url":null,"abstract":"Au, Ag, and Au/Ag core-shell nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized in aqueous solution by chemical reduction. UV-Vis absorption spectra confirmed a single surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak for Au and Ag NPs, at 520 nm and 419 nm, respectively. Au/Ag core-shell NPs' UV-Vis spectra showed two distinct peaks at 385 and 480 nm, confirming a core-shell structure different from its alloy counterpart. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows a relatively uniform spherical shape for both Au and core-shell Au/Ag NPs, while Ag NPs have a variety of forms such as a prism, rod, and spherical. The average size of the synthesized nanoparticles was quite similar, between 18 and 25 nm. The 4-nitrophenol reduction reaction model was used to study the catalytic ability of nanoparticles where Au/Ag core-shell NPs showed higher catalytic activity than the other monometallic NPs used in this study.","PeriodicalId":18773,"journal":{"name":"Molekul","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43476890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-21DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.2.5143
S. Suryati, A. Santoni, Bustanul Arifin, Norman Ferdinal, Emil Salim, Asri Amelia, Leidina Zein, Silfani Mairanti, Indah Putri Lestari
Lantana camara Linn is a family of Verbenaceae that grows in tropical and subtropical areas and spread in about 50 countries in the world. This plant contains essential oils with different contents based on the difference in the place of growth. The purpose of this study was to isolate and determine the chemical content of the essential oil of L. camara Linn leaves obtained from Agam, Tanah Datar, Kampar Regency, Padang Panjang City and to determine its cytotoxic and antibacterial activity. Isolation was carried out by hydro distillation method and chemical content analysis using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The high yield from the isolation of essential oil from leaves of L. camara Linn obtained from Tanah Datar Regency was 0.095% (w/w). The results of the analysis of the essential oil content with the main compounds for all Regency and City being caryophyllene with the high area percent was Tanah Datar Regency (19.74%). Cytotoxic activity test using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method showed that L. camara Linn essential oil was highly toxic with an LC50 value of 28.34 µg/mL from Padang Panjang City. Antibacterial activity test by disc diffusion method showed that L. camara Linn essential oil had moderate antibacterial activity againts Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria, with high clear zone from Agam Regency was 12.9 mm and Tanah Datar Regency was 7.8 mm, respectively, at concentration of 100%.
{"title":"Analysis of Chemical Content, Cytotoxic and Anti-Bacterial Activity Essential Oil of Lantana Camara Linn Leaves from Various Regions","authors":"S. Suryati, A. Santoni, Bustanul Arifin, Norman Ferdinal, Emil Salim, Asri Amelia, Leidina Zein, Silfani Mairanti, Indah Putri Lestari","doi":"10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.2.5143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.2.5143","url":null,"abstract":"Lantana camara Linn is a family of Verbenaceae that grows in tropical and subtropical areas and spread in about 50 countries in the world. This plant contains essential oils with different contents based on the difference in the place of growth. The purpose of this study was to isolate and determine the chemical content of the essential oil of L. camara Linn leaves obtained from Agam, Tanah Datar, Kampar Regency, Padang Panjang City and to determine its cytotoxic and antibacterial activity. Isolation was carried out by hydro distillation method and chemical content analysis using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The high yield from the isolation of essential oil from leaves of L. camara Linn obtained from Tanah Datar Regency was 0.095% (w/w). The results of the analysis of the essential oil content with the main compounds for all Regency and City being caryophyllene with the high area percent was Tanah Datar Regency (19.74%). Cytotoxic activity test using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method showed that L. camara Linn essential oil was highly toxic with an LC50 value of 28.34 µg/mL from Padang Panjang City. Antibacterial activity test by disc diffusion method showed that L. camara Linn essential oil had moderate antibacterial activity againts Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria, with high clear zone from Agam Regency was 12.9 mm and Tanah Datar Regency was 7.8 mm, respectively, at concentration of 100%.","PeriodicalId":18773,"journal":{"name":"Molekul","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48718957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-21DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.2.5430
K. Dewi, E. Julaeha, K. Farabi, U. Supratman
Citrus amblycarpa (Hassk.) Ochse is an endemic Indonesian plant from West Java. This study aims to determine the chemical structure of the flavonoid compounds of C. amblycarpa peel ethanol extract and their antioxidant activity. Three flavonoid compounds, namely 5-hydroxy-3',4',6,7,8-pentamethoxyflavone (1), 8-hydroxy-3,3',4',5,6,7-hexamethoxyflavone (2), and 3',4',5,6,7,8-hexamethoxyflavone (3), were isolated for the first time from the ethanol extract of C. amblycarpa peel. Their chemical structure was determined by spectroscopic methods (MS, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and DEPT) and compared with previous reported spectral data. Furthermore, these compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. The results showed that 8-hydroxy-3,3',4',5,6,7-hexamethoxyflavone (2) has the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 121.09 ± 0.24 ppm.
{"title":"Flavonoids from Limau Peel (Citrus amblycarpa (Hassk.) Ochse) and Their Antioxidant Activity","authors":"K. Dewi, E. Julaeha, K. Farabi, U. Supratman","doi":"10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.2.5430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.2.5430","url":null,"abstract":"Citrus amblycarpa (Hassk.) Ochse is an endemic Indonesian plant from West Java. This study aims to determine the chemical structure of the flavonoid compounds of C. amblycarpa peel ethanol extract and their antioxidant activity. Three flavonoid compounds, namely 5-hydroxy-3',4',6,7,8-pentamethoxyflavone (1), 8-hydroxy-3,3',4',5,6,7-hexamethoxyflavone (2), and 3',4',5,6,7,8-hexamethoxyflavone (3), were isolated for the first time from the ethanol extract of C. amblycarpa peel. Their chemical structure was determined by spectroscopic methods (MS, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and DEPT) and compared with previous reported spectral data. Furthermore, these compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. The results showed that 8-hydroxy-3,3',4',5,6,7-hexamethoxyflavone (2) has the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 121.09 ± 0.24 ppm.","PeriodicalId":18773,"journal":{"name":"Molekul","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41730795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-21DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.2.6206
A. Susanto, Ali Romadhoni, M. Dwiati
Rhynchostylis gigantea (Lindl.) Ridl. is an orchid species spread over Southeast Asia countries. This species is very popular among ornamental plant collectors, especially due to its densely pack inflorescences. Hence, it is commercially found in many ornamental plant nursuries, such as Puspa Nirmala Orchids Banyumas, Central Java. Further development of the species should be supported by scientific data, particularly regarding the genetic variation. One of the molecular markers commonly used to study genetic variation is Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). This study aims to assess genetic variation of R. gigantea cultivars of Puspa Nirmala Orchids Banyumas collection by RAPD profiles. Genomic DNAs were extracted from leaf samples of eight R. gigantea individuals, while RAPD markers were amplified using five random primers (OPA-15, OPK-16, OPP-15, OPP-08 and OPO-08). Descriptive analysis was employed on the data obtained. It was revealed that all of the primers resulted in a 100% monomorphism. This indicates an extremely low genetic variation among R. gigantea population of Puspa Nirmala Orchids collection, which is probably due to the same origin from a selected hybrid of the same crosses.
{"title":"RAPD Profiles of Rhynchostylis gigantea (Lindl.) Ridl. Collected from Puspa Nirmala Orchids Banyumas, Central Java","authors":"A. Susanto, Ali Romadhoni, M. Dwiati","doi":"10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.2.6206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.2.6206","url":null,"abstract":"Rhynchostylis gigantea (Lindl.) Ridl. is an orchid species spread over Southeast Asia countries. This species is very popular among ornamental plant collectors, especially due to its densely pack inflorescences. Hence, it is commercially found in many ornamental plant nursuries, such as Puspa Nirmala Orchids Banyumas, Central Java. Further development of the species should be supported by scientific data, particularly regarding the genetic variation. One of the molecular markers commonly used to study genetic variation is Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). This study aims to assess genetic variation of R. gigantea cultivars of Puspa Nirmala Orchids Banyumas collection by RAPD profiles. Genomic DNAs were extracted from leaf samples of eight R. gigantea individuals, while RAPD markers were amplified using five random primers (OPA-15, OPK-16, OPP-15, OPP-08 and OPO-08). Descriptive analysis was employed on the data obtained. It was revealed that all of the primers resulted in a 100% monomorphism. This indicates an extremely low genetic variation among R. gigantea population of Puspa Nirmala Orchids collection, which is probably due to the same origin from a selected hybrid of the same crosses.","PeriodicalId":18773,"journal":{"name":"Molekul","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49211251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-21DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.2.5851
D. Hermanto, N. Ismillayli, U. K. Zuryati, S. Kamali
Polyaniline, PANI as conducting polymer has been used as enzyme immobilization matrix in biosensors due to its excellent stability and electrochromic effects, conductivity, and redox reversibility. However, at pH above 4, the electron transfer ability and redox activity decrease, henceit is necessary to modify the PANI structure to increase the PANI pH range. In this study, the PANI derivative, the poly(-o-toluidine, PTOL) film was produced for the uricase immobilization matrix. This study aimed to develop a supporting material that maintains catalytic activity uricase with a facile and inexpensive procedure. The PTOL was prepared by using the chemical oxidative polymerization technique with ammonium persulfate (dissolved in 1.0 M HCl) as an oxidizing agent. The FTIR spectra confirmed the success of PTOL formation by the appearance of its characteristic peaks. The UV-Vis spectra indicated that PTOL was in an emeraldine state with a semi-crystalline structure that was shown by its XRD pattern. While, SEM analysis described that the PTOL film was uniform with some granular aggregation in its surface morphology, but there is no holes or porosity were found. The use of PTOL film as a uricase matrix could maintain the uricase activity against the substrate (uric acid, UA) with excellent analytical characteristics. Therefore, PTOL film could be used as conducting matrices for immobilizing enzymes (e.g. biosensors).
聚苯胺，聚苯胺作为一种导电聚合物，由于其优异的稳定性、电致变色效应、导电性和氧化还原可逆性，已被用作生物传感器的酶固定基质。但当pH值高于4时，电子传递能力和氧化还原活性下降，因此需要对聚苯胺结构进行修饰以增加聚苯胺的pH范围。本研究制备了聚苯胺衍生物聚(-邻甲苯胺)膜作为脲酶固定基质。本研究旨在开发一种维持尿酸酶催化活性的支撑材料，其操作简单、成本低廉。以过硫酸铵(1.0 M HCl)为氧化剂，采用化学氧化聚合法制备了聚乳酸。FTIR光谱通过其特征峰的出现证实了PTOL的成功形成。紫外可见光谱分析表明，PTOL呈翡翠态，具有半晶结构。而SEM分析表明，PTOL膜表面形貌均匀，有一定的颗粒聚集，但未发现孔洞或孔隙。用PTOL膜作为尿酸酶基质可以保持尿酸酶对底物尿酸(UA)的活性，具有良好的分析特性。因此，PTOL薄膜可以作为固定化酶(如生物传感器)的导电基质。
{"title":"Conducting Matrices of the Poly(-O-Toluidine, PTOL) Film for Immobilizing Uricase","authors":"D. Hermanto, N. Ismillayli, U. K. Zuryati, S. Kamali","doi":"10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.2.5851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.2.5851","url":null,"abstract":"Polyaniline, PANI as conducting polymer has been used as enzyme immobilization matrix in biosensors due to its excellent stability and electrochromic effects, conductivity, and redox reversibility. However, at pH above 4, the electron transfer ability and redox activity decrease, henceit is necessary to modify the PANI structure to increase the PANI pH range. In this study, the PANI derivative, the poly(-o-toluidine, PTOL) film was produced for the uricase immobilization matrix. This study aimed to develop a supporting material that maintains catalytic activity uricase with a facile and inexpensive procedure. The PTOL was prepared by using the chemical oxidative polymerization technique with ammonium persulfate (dissolved in 1.0 M HCl) as an oxidizing agent. The FTIR spectra confirmed the success of PTOL formation by the appearance of its characteristic peaks. The UV-Vis spectra indicated that PTOL was in an emeraldine state with a semi-crystalline structure that was shown by its XRD pattern. While, SEM analysis described that the PTOL film was uniform with some granular aggregation in its surface morphology, but there is no holes or porosity were found. The use of PTOL film as a uricase matrix could maintain the uricase activity against the substrate (uric acid, UA) with excellent analytical characteristics. Therefore, PTOL film could be used as conducting matrices for immobilizing enzymes (e.g. biosensors).","PeriodicalId":18773,"journal":{"name":"Molekul","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42197903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-13DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.1.5606
U. Sulaeman, Khusnul Afifah, H. Diastuti, S. Yin
The Ag3PO4 photocatalyst has been developed to degrade the organic pollutant due to its highly active responsive under visible light irradiation. The properties of Ag3PO4 may depend on design and preparation. Starting materials and co-precipitation conditions would significantly affect the properties of the product. The controlled defect of this photocatalyst may lead to improve catalytic activity. Here, the unique properties of phosphate deficiency in Ag3PO4 were created using the starting material of KH2PO4 and AgNO3 under a mixed solvent of water and ethanol. AgNO3 solution with the ethanol percentages of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 90% was added to KH2PO4 aqueous solution. The photocatalysts were characterized using XRD, DRS, SEM, and XPS. The changes in morphology can be observed from the tetrahedral to the sphere which has smaller particles. The increased atomic ratio of Ag/P and Ag/O suggests that the silver ion enrichment in Ag3PO4 has been created. The activity of Ag3PO4 for Rhodamine B elimination increased by 4.3 times higher compared to that of the pristine Ag3PO4. The enhanced photocatalytic activity might be caused by the smaller particle size and higher silver ion content on the surface of Ag3PO4.
{"title":"The enrichment of silver ions in Ag3PO4 through the morphology changes and their photocatalytic activities","authors":"U. Sulaeman, Khusnul Afifah, H. Diastuti, S. Yin","doi":"10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.1.5606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.1.5606","url":null,"abstract":"The Ag3PO4 photocatalyst has been developed to degrade the organic pollutant due to its highly active responsive under visible light irradiation. The properties of Ag3PO4 may depend on design and preparation. Starting materials and co-precipitation conditions would significantly affect the properties of the product. The controlled defect of this photocatalyst may lead to improve catalytic activity. Here, the unique properties of phosphate deficiency in Ag3PO4 were created using the starting material of KH2PO4 and AgNO3 under a mixed solvent of water and ethanol. AgNO3 solution with the ethanol percentages of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 90% was added to KH2PO4 aqueous solution. The photocatalysts were characterized using XRD, DRS, SEM, and XPS. The changes in morphology can be observed from the tetrahedral to the sphere which has smaller particles. The increased atomic ratio of Ag/P and Ag/O suggests that the silver ion enrichment in Ag3PO4 has been created. The activity of Ag3PO4 for Rhodamine B elimination increased by 4.3 times higher compared to that of the pristine Ag3PO4. The enhanced photocatalytic activity might be caused by the smaller particle size and higher silver ion content on the surface of Ag3PO4.","PeriodicalId":18773,"journal":{"name":"Molekul","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41973146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-13DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.1.5575
A. Asnani, Annisa Permata Dinda, Abdi Rahman Nursyamsi, D. U. Anjarwati
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection has become a worldwide concern due to the increasing MRSA resistance to antibiotics. This condition encourages the continuous exploration of new anti-MRSA compounds. Thus, this study explored the effect of carbon (starch, glucose, sucrose, lactose) and nitrogen (casein, yeast extract, urea, peptone) sources for the fermentation medium to produce antibacterial and antibiofilm compounds from bacterial strain P-6B against MRSA 2983. The results showed that six-day incubation produced bioactive extracts with the highest antimicrobial activity (11.361 ± 0.860 mm) and the highest activity to inhibit biofilm formation (89.159 ± 0.293% %). In comparison, three-day incubation produced a bioactive extract with the highest activity to degrade biofilm (86.450 ± 3.260%). Glucose was the best carbon source to produce an extract with antibacterial and biofilm inhibition activities. However, starch was the best carbon source to produce an extract with biofilm degradation activity. Urea was the best nitrogen source to produce extracts with antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities. Species identification based on the 16S rRNA gene revealed a 99.78% similarity with Ochrobactrum intermedium strain NBRC 15820 (NR_113812.1). These findings suggested the potency of Ochrobactrum P-6B from Segara Anakan Cilacap as indigenous sources of bioactive compounds with anti-MRSA activities.
{"title":"Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities of Bacterial Strain P-6B from Segara Anakan Against MRSA 2983","authors":"A. Asnani, Annisa Permata Dinda, Abdi Rahman Nursyamsi, D. U. Anjarwati","doi":"10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.1.5575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.1.5575","url":null,"abstract":"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection has become a worldwide concern due to the increasing MRSA resistance to antibiotics. This condition encourages the continuous exploration of new anti-MRSA compounds. Thus, this study explored the effect of carbon (starch, glucose, sucrose, lactose) and nitrogen (casein, yeast extract, urea, peptone) sources for the fermentation medium to produce antibacterial and antibiofilm compounds from bacterial strain P-6B against MRSA 2983. The results showed that six-day incubation produced bioactive extracts with the highest antimicrobial activity (11.361 ± 0.860 mm) and the highest activity to inhibit biofilm formation (89.159 ± 0.293% %). In comparison, three-day incubation produced a bioactive extract with the highest activity to degrade biofilm (86.450 ± 3.260%). Glucose was the best carbon source to produce an extract with antibacterial and biofilm inhibition activities. However, starch was the best carbon source to produce an extract with biofilm degradation activity. Urea was the best nitrogen source to produce extracts with antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities. Species identification based on the 16S rRNA gene revealed a 99.78% similarity with Ochrobactrum intermedium strain NBRC 15820 (NR_113812.1). These findings suggested the potency of Ochrobactrum P-6B from Segara Anakan Cilacap as indigenous sources of bioactive compounds with anti-MRSA activities.","PeriodicalId":18773,"journal":{"name":"Molekul","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44223131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-13DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.1.5591
M. Christwardana, I. Ismojo, S. Marsudi
The rate of biodegradation of cassava – tannia starch bioplastic in various media was evaluated. Bioplastic degradation profile for a period of 4 weeks was seen following the Hills Equation where the speed of bioplastic biodegradation in sand media had higher yields than farm soil and compost media with the value up to 98.84 %. This is also proven by measuring the rate of degradation reaction using a first order reaction rate, where the value of the constant rate of reaction from bioplastics in sand is a little bit higher compared to farm soil and compost media (0.77647, 0.67133, and 0.15779 week-1, respectively). According to SEM pictures, there were numerous bacteria (either aerobic or anaerobic) and fungal species on the bioplastic surface, which have a role in the biodegradability of the polymer in bioplastics. The FTIR spectra of bioplastic biodegradation showed a decrease in the peak at 3400 - 3200 cm-1, and loss of the peak was present in the control at 2900 cm-1 which showed a breakdown of the polymer chain in the bioplastic especially in the O-H and C-H bonds, respectively. It can be concluded that farm soil and sand are the most optimal media in the bioplastic biodegradation process, while compost has potential but its maturity must be considered.
{"title":"Biodegradation Kinetic Study of Cassava & Tannia Starch-Based Bioplastics as Green Material in Various Media","authors":"M. Christwardana, I. Ismojo, S. Marsudi","doi":"10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.1.5591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.1.5591","url":null,"abstract":"The rate of biodegradation of cassava – tannia starch bioplastic in various media was evaluated. Bioplastic degradation profile for a period of 4 weeks was seen following the Hills Equation where the speed of bioplastic biodegradation in sand media had higher yields than farm soil and compost media with the value up to 98.84 %. This is also proven by measuring the rate of degradation reaction using a first order reaction rate, where the value of the constant rate of reaction from bioplastics in sand is a little bit higher compared to farm soil and compost media (0.77647, 0.67133, and 0.15779 week-1, respectively). According to SEM pictures, there were numerous bacteria (either aerobic or anaerobic) and fungal species on the bioplastic surface, which have a role in the biodegradability of the polymer in bioplastics. The FTIR spectra of bioplastic biodegradation showed a decrease in the peak at 3400 - 3200 cm-1, and loss of the peak was present in the control at 2900 cm-1 which showed a breakdown of the polymer chain in the bioplastic especially in the O-H and C-H bonds, respectively. It can be concluded that farm soil and sand are the most optimal media in the bioplastic biodegradation process, while compost has potential but its maturity must be considered.","PeriodicalId":18773,"journal":{"name":"Molekul","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44427704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-13DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.1.5600
E. Yuanita, S. Sudirman, N. K. T. Dharmayani, M. Ulfa, S. Hadisaputra, Jufrizal Syahri
Covid-19 has caused more than 14 million confirmed cases and more than 6 hundred deaths as of 21 July 2020 globally. However, there is no approved drug to treat the disease. Xanthone is a potential therapeutic option for the virus that have been tested using molecular docking. There were 12 of xanthone compounds and its derivatives which have been docked against two protein crystals, 2GX4.pdb and 6FV1.pdb, which obtained two potential compounds of hydroxyxanthone derivatives with sulfonate and chloro substitution. These compounds are potentially developed into one of the agents for the treatment of infection COVID-19 disease. Based on energy data and interactions with amino acid residues when compared with its own native ligands, namely NOL and E8E, respectively. Energy docking and energy docking interactions are equal to - 43.3057and - 45.5805 Kcal/mol respectively, during interactions with amino acid residues in the form of Gly 142, His 163, Cys144, Glu166, Gln164 and His 41. Based on these two data, it can be concluded that trihydroxyxanthone compounds 4 and 8 with chloro and sulfonate substitution are very potential to be developed as drug agents for Covid-19 disease therapy through protease inhibition.
{"title":"Molecular Docking of Xanthone Derivatives as Therapeutic Agent for Covid-19","authors":"E. Yuanita, S. Sudirman, N. K. T. Dharmayani, M. Ulfa, S. Hadisaputra, Jufrizal Syahri","doi":"10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.1.5600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.1.5600","url":null,"abstract":"Covid-19 has caused more than 14 million confirmed cases and more than 6 hundred deaths as of 21 July 2020 globally. However, there is no approved drug to treat the disease. Xanthone is a potential therapeutic option for the virus that have been tested using molecular docking. There were 12 of xanthone compounds and its derivatives which have been docked against two protein crystals, 2GX4.pdb and 6FV1.pdb, which obtained two potential compounds of hydroxyxanthone derivatives with sulfonate and chloro substitution. These compounds are potentially developed into one of the agents for the treatment of infection COVID-19 disease. Based on energy data and interactions with amino acid residues when compared with its own native ligands, namely NOL and E8E, respectively. Energy docking and energy docking interactions are equal to - 43.3057and - 45.5805 Kcal/mol respectively, during interactions with amino acid residues in the form of Gly 142, His 163, Cys144, Glu166, Gln164 and His 41. Based on these two data, it can be concluded that trihydroxyxanthone compounds 4 and 8 with chloro and sulfonate substitution are very potential to be developed as drug agents for Covid-19 disease therapy through protease inhibition.","PeriodicalId":18773,"journal":{"name":"Molekul","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45321643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-13DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.1.5602
S. Simanjuntak, H. Hana, Riska Yunida, Maditaningtyas Hawwa Zuwanda
Spirulina platensis and Chlorella vulgaris are algae that contain high nutrients, such as protein, vitamins, and minerals. The purpose of this study was to determine the lipase activity, hematological, blood biochemistry and to obtain the most effective supplementation of Spirulina platensis and Chlorella vulgaris in feed to enhance lipase activity, hematological parameter, blood biochemistry of gourami. The study was conducted experimentally in which 100 gourami fish were assigned randomely to the following treatments: P1 = Spirulina platensis 6 g kg-1 feed; P2 = Chlorella vulgaris 4 g kg-1; P3 = Spirulina platensis 3 g kg-1 + Chlorella vulgaris 2 g kg-1; P4 = Spirulina platensis 2 g kg-1 + Chlorella vulgaris 3 g kg-1; and C = feed without supplementation as control, in four replicates. Lipase activity was measured in various digestive organs at pH 2, 5, 7, 8 and 10. The results showed that supplementation of Spirulina platensis and Chlorella vulgaris affected lipase activity; hematological parameter and blood biochemistry of gourami. The combination Spirulina platensis + Chlorella vulgaris supplementation in feed showed the highest increased of the lipase activity, hematological parameter and blood biochemistry of gourami. Spirulina platensis + Chlorella vulgaris supplementation in feed might improve growth and immunity since the increase of digestive enzyme functioning which enhances feed utilization and the increase of biochemical parameters of blood, respectively.
螺旋藻和小球藻是一种富含蛋白质、维生素和矿物质等营养物质的藻类。本研究的目的是测定脂肪酶活性、血液学和血液生物化学，并在饲料中添加最有效的钝顶螺旋藻和小球藻，以提高高腊米的脂肪酶活性、血学参数和血液生化。本试验将100条高栏鱼随机分为以下处理：P1=螺旋藻6 g kg-1饲料；P2=小球藻4 g kg-1；P3=螺旋藻3 g kg-1+小球藻2 g kg-1；P4=螺旋藻2 g kg-1+小球藻3 g kg-1；C=不添加饲料作为对照，在四个重复中。在pH为2、5、7、8和10的条件下，在各种消化器官中测量脂肪酶活性。结果表明，添加钝顶螺旋藻和小球藻对脂肪酶活性有影响；钩藤的血液学参数和血液生化。在饲料中添加钝顶螺旋藻+小球藻的组合对钩藤的脂肪酶活性、血液学参数和血液生化指标的提高最高。在饲料中添加螺旋藻+小球藻可以提高生长和免疫力，因为消化酶功能的提高分别提高了饲料的利用率和血液生化参数的提高。
{"title":"Lipase Activity, Hematological and Blood Biochemistry of Osphronemus gouramy Fed with Suplementation of Spirulina platensis and Chlorella vulgaris","authors":"S. Simanjuntak, H. Hana, Riska Yunida, Maditaningtyas Hawwa Zuwanda","doi":"10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.1.5602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.1.5602","url":null,"abstract":"Spirulina platensis and Chlorella vulgaris are algae that contain high nutrients, such as protein, vitamins, and minerals. The purpose of this study was to determine the lipase activity, hematological, blood biochemistry and to obtain the most effective supplementation of Spirulina platensis and Chlorella vulgaris in feed to enhance lipase activity, hematological parameter, blood biochemistry of gourami. The study was conducted experimentally in which 100 gourami fish were assigned randomely to the following treatments: P1 = Spirulina platensis 6 g kg-1 feed; P2 = Chlorella vulgaris 4 g kg-1; P3 = Spirulina platensis 3 g kg-1 + Chlorella vulgaris 2 g kg-1; P4 = Spirulina platensis 2 g kg-1 + Chlorella vulgaris 3 g kg-1; and C = feed without supplementation as control, in four replicates. Lipase activity was measured in various digestive organs at pH 2, 5, 7, 8 and 10. The results showed that supplementation of Spirulina platensis and Chlorella vulgaris affected lipase activity; hematological parameter and blood biochemistry of gourami. The combination Spirulina platensis + Chlorella vulgaris supplementation in feed showed the highest increased of the lipase activity, hematological parameter and blood biochemistry of gourami. Spirulina platensis + Chlorella vulgaris supplementation in feed might improve growth and immunity since the increase of digestive enzyme functioning which enhances feed utilization and the increase of biochemical parameters of blood, respectively.","PeriodicalId":18773,"journal":{"name":"Molekul","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46860061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：