Introduction. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the nervous system, characterized by damage to the myelin sheath of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. 60% of patients suffering from MS have visual impairments. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination helps to analyse neurodegeneration in patients with multiple sclerosis. Thinning of the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) is observed in these patients, which is greater than the thinning observed in normal age-related thinning. Material and methods. During the study, 20 patients were examined. Of these 7 patients (35%) had Optic Neuritis/Multiple Sclerosis, 2 patients (10%) NMO, 1 patient (5%) Straastma Syndrome, 6 patients (30%) Ischemic Optic Neuropathy, 4 patients (20%) had partial atrophy of the optic nerve due to pituitary adenomas and empty sella. The mean age of the patients was 17-40 years. 16 patients (80%) were female; four patients (20%) were male. Initially, routine eye examinations were performed on the patients, followed by OCT examination for the evaluation of pathology. Results. In patients with Optic Neuritis (Multiple Sclerosis) and NMO, partial atrophy of the ganglion cells, changes in RNFL, and a sharp decrease in ganglion cell count were observed during repeat OCT examinations. Complete atrophy of the ganglion cells in the left eye was observed in one patient suffering from NMO. Symmetrical changes in RNFL, and a sharp decrease in ganglion cell count were observed. Conclusion. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive examination method that plays an important role in the evaluation of neuro-ophthalmological diseases. This examination method helps us to characterize the optic nerve, peripapillary area, as well as to evaluate the quality and quantitative aspects of optic nerve diseases. For this reason, we prefer OCT examination in many neuro- ophthalmological diseases, especially in demyelinating, ischemic, inflammatory diseases, and neuropathies.
简介：多发性硬化症（MS）是一种神经系统炎症性疾病。多发性硬化症（MS）是一种神经系统炎症性疾病，其特征是大脑和脊髓神经细胞的髓鞘受损。60% 的多发性硬化症患者有视力障碍。光学相干断层扫描（OCT）检查有助于分析多发性硬化症患者的神经变性。在这些患者中可观察到视网膜神经纤维层（RNFL）变薄，其程度大于正常年龄相关性变薄。材料和方法。研究期间，共对 20 名患者进行了检查。其中 7 名患者（35%）患有视神经炎/多发性硬化症，2 名患者（10%）患有 NMO，1 名患者（5%）患有斯特拉斯马综合征，6 名患者（30%）患有缺血性视神经病变，4 名患者（20%）由于垂体腺瘤和空蝶鞍导致视神经部分萎缩。患者的平均年龄为 17-40 岁。16名患者（80%）为女性；4名患者（20%）为男性。首先对患者进行常规眼科检查，然后进行 OCT 检查以评估病理情况。检查结果在视神经炎（多发性硬化症）和 NMO 患者中，在重复的 OCT 检查中观察到神经节细胞部分萎缩、RNFL 发生变化以及神经节细胞数量急剧下降。一名 NMO 患者的左眼神经节细胞完全萎缩。观察到 RNFL 发生对称性变化，神经节细胞数量急剧减少。结论光学相干断层扫描（OCT）是一种无创检查方法，在评估神经眼科疾病方面发挥着重要作用。这种检查方法有助于我们确定视神经和虹膜周围区域的特征，以及评估视神经疾病的质量和数量。因此，在许多神经眼科疾病中，尤其是在脱髓鞘、缺血性、炎症性疾病和神经病变中，我们更倾向于使用 OCT 检查。
{"title":"EVALUATION OF OPTIC NERVE CHANGES IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS USING OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY","authors":"G.A. Aliyeva","doi":"10.61788/njn.v1i23.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61788/njn.v1i23.16","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the nervous system, characterized by damage to the myelin sheath of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. 60% of patients suffering from MS have visual impairments. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination helps to analyse neurodegeneration in patients with multiple sclerosis. Thinning of the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) is observed in these patients, which is greater than the thinning observed in normal age-related thinning. Material and methods. During the study, 20 patients were examined. Of these 7 patients (35%) had Optic Neuritis/Multiple Sclerosis, 2 patients (10%) NMO, 1 patient (5%) Straastma Syndrome, 6 patients (30%) Ischemic Optic Neuropathy, 4 patients (20%) had partial atrophy of the optic nerve due to pituitary adenomas and empty sella. The mean age of the patients was 17-40 years. 16 patients (80%) were female; four patients (20%) were male. Initially, routine eye examinations were performed on the patients, followed by OCT examination for the evaluation of pathology. Results. In patients with Optic Neuritis (Multiple Sclerosis) and NMO, partial atrophy of the ganglion cells, changes in RNFL, and a sharp decrease in ganglion cell count were observed during repeat OCT examinations. Complete atrophy of the ganglion cells in the left eye was observed in one patient suffering from NMO. Symmetrical changes in RNFL, and a sharp decrease in ganglion cell count were observed. Conclusion. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive examination method that plays an important role in the evaluation of neuro-ophthalmological diseases. This examination method helps us to characterize the optic nerve, peripapillary area, as well as to evaluate the quality and quantitative aspects of optic nerve diseases. For this reason, we prefer OCT examination in many neuro- ophthalmological diseases, especially in demyelinating, ischemic, inflammatory diseases, and neuropathies.","PeriodicalId":18831,"journal":{"name":"NATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139353676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction. The field of pediatric stroke has developed rapidly and has reached the stage where focused funding prioritization is required to make further advances including understanding mechanisms and optimal treatments. The existence of highly motivated and collaborative researchers in this field provides tremendous potential for leveraging research productivity. In recent years, research has been expanding in the direction of studying central hemodynamics, general and local intracerebral circulation, as well as orbital and intraocular hemodynamics when studying the dynamics of cerebral visual impairment (CVI) in children with pre- and perinatal encephalopathy. The aim of the study was studying the mechanisms of the relationship between neuroplasticity and cerebral visual impairment at the recovery stages of intracranial hemodynamic and liquor dynamic disturbances in children with NE. Materials and methods. Over the past 10 years, out of 3,500 children aged from 3 months to 6 years examined by us, with the help and cooperation of the children's neurological hospital, the Republican Perinatal Center and the Research Institute of Pediatrics, 1,500 children were diagnosed with acute cerebrovascular accident in the neonatal period of life. Homeostasis indicators-catecholamines in the blood, excretion in the urine, the sugar and cortisol in the blood, electrolytes in plasma and erythrocytes. NSG, MRI, CDU. The reactivity of BP, of the pulse and respiration to vegetotropic drugs and PA.EEG (sleep rhythm, emotional and motor activity) Results. It has been proven that the decisive mechanisms of recovery options depend on the orientation of the hypothalamic-pituitary relationship and the nature of homeostatic aberrations. The overwhelming majority of these children have experienced catecholamine excite dumping syndrome over these long years and had a clinical picture of both cerebral pathology and CVI. By compiling histograms, it was possible to establish that the effect of cholinergic mechanisms on general hemodynamics was less pronounced than on intraorbital blood circulation. In other words, the assessment of hemodynamic responsiveness to the stimulus revealed a more significant fluctuation in the index of intracranial rather than general hemodynamics. Conclusion. Analysis of variance proves that the stability of the mean dynamic blood pressure is one of the leading mechanisms for stabilization of adaptive homeostatic neuroplasticity of the CNS and visual analyzer.
{"title":"NEUROPLASTICITY IN CEREBRAL VISUAL IMPAIRMENT","authors":"S. Salmanova, E. Kasimov","doi":"10.61788/njn.v1i23.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61788/njn.v1i23.27","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The field of pediatric stroke has developed rapidly and has reached the stage where focused funding prioritization is required to make further advances including understanding mechanisms and optimal treatments. The existence of highly motivated and collaborative researchers in this field provides tremendous potential for leveraging research productivity. In recent years, research has been expanding in the direction of studying central hemodynamics, general and local intracerebral circulation, as well as orbital and intraocular hemodynamics when studying the dynamics of cerebral visual impairment (CVI) in children with pre- and perinatal encephalopathy. The aim of the study was studying the mechanisms of the relationship between neuroplasticity and cerebral visual impairment at the recovery stages of intracranial hemodynamic and liquor dynamic disturbances in children with NE. Materials and methods. Over the past 10 years, out of 3,500 children aged from 3 months to 6 years examined by us, with the help and cooperation of the children's neurological hospital, the Republican Perinatal Center and the Research Institute of Pediatrics, 1,500 children were diagnosed with acute cerebrovascular accident in the neonatal period of life. Homeostasis indicators-catecholamines in the blood, excretion in the urine, the sugar and cortisol in the blood, electrolytes in plasma and erythrocytes. NSG, MRI, CDU. The reactivity of BP, of the pulse and respiration to vegetotropic drugs and PA.EEG (sleep rhythm, emotional and motor activity) Results. It has been proven that the decisive mechanisms of recovery options depend on the orientation of the hypothalamic-pituitary relationship and the nature of homeostatic aberrations. The overwhelming majority of these children have experienced catecholamine excite dumping syndrome over these long years and had a clinical picture of both cerebral pathology and CVI. By compiling histograms, it was possible to establish that the effect of cholinergic mechanisms on general hemodynamics was less pronounced than on intraorbital blood circulation. In other words, the assessment of hemodynamic responsiveness to the stimulus revealed a more significant fluctuation in the index of intracranial rather than general hemodynamics. Conclusion. Analysis of variance proves that the stability of the mean dynamic blood pressure is one of the leading mechanisms for stabilization of adaptive homeostatic neuroplasticity of the CNS and visual analyzer.","PeriodicalId":18831,"journal":{"name":"NATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139353710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article describes the neural regulation of the chewing function and its influence on the violation of the chewing process. The central and peripheral mechanisms of the nervous regulation of the chewing function. The large role of the trigeminal nerve, the sensory fibers of which provide signals from the fields of organs and tissues of the oral cavity and muscle spindles of the masticatory muscles. The violation of the neural regulation of this mechanism leads to pathologies of the organ's oral cavity and violations of the chewing process.
{"title":"NEURAL REGULATION OF MASTICATORY FUNCTION AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE VIOLATION OF THE CHEWING PROCESS","authors":"R.N. Huseynova","doi":"10.61788/njn.v1i23.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61788/njn.v1i23.12","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes the neural regulation of the chewing function and its influence on the violation of the chewing process. The central and peripheral mechanisms of the nervous regulation of the chewing function. The large role of the trigeminal nerve, the sensory fibers of which provide signals from the fields of organs and tissues of the oral cavity and muscle spindles of the masticatory muscles. The violation of the neural regulation of this mechanism leads to pathologies of the organ's oral cavity and violations of the chewing process.","PeriodicalId":18831,"journal":{"name":"NATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139353761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article provides information about clinical and mental changes in epileptic patients who have experienced COVID-19 infection. The frequency of these symptoms, their clinical characteristics and the dependence of their manifestation on the infection of COVID-19 were investigated. Various scales or questionnaires were used in the research. Observations have shown that epileptic seizures on the NHS-3 scale occur more frequently and tend to increase in severity in epileptic patients who have had an infection with COVID-19. When assessing the mental sphere of their patients (with the MMSE and HADS scales), it was found that cases of mental spectrum disorders prevail in epileptic patients who have experienced COVID-19. The presence of mild depression (BDI scale) and severe asthenia (MFI scale) were also more marked in this group. Analysis of the results showed that epileptic patients who had experienced a COVID-19 infection were more likely to have impaired cognitive function. Sleep disturbances were assessed using the MOS-SS scale, and it was found that epileptic patients with coronovirus infection were more likely to have moderate sleep disturbances than those without COVID-19. During the correlation analysis, it was determined that there is a direct positive relationship between the severity and frequency of epileptic seizures with the infection of COVID-19. All this shows the negative effect of the infection of COVID-19 on the course of epilepsy.
{"title":"CLINICAL AND PSYCHIATRIC CHANGES IN EPILEPTIC PATIENTS WITH COVID-19 INFECTION","authors":"J.P. Isayev, H.H. Mammadova, N. Taghıyeva","doi":"10.61788/njn.v1i23.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61788/njn.v1i23.05","url":null,"abstract":"The article provides information about clinical and mental changes in epileptic patients who have experienced COVID-19 infection. The frequency of these symptoms, their clinical characteristics and the dependence of their manifestation on the infection of COVID-19 were investigated. Various scales or questionnaires were used in the research. Observations have shown that epileptic seizures on the NHS-3 scale occur more frequently and tend to increase in severity in epileptic patients who have had an infection with COVID-19. When assessing the mental sphere of their patients (with the MMSE and HADS scales), it was found that cases of mental spectrum disorders prevail in epileptic patients who have experienced COVID-19. The presence of mild depression (BDI scale) and severe asthenia (MFI scale) were also more marked in this group. Analysis of the results showed that epileptic patients who had experienced a COVID-19 infection were more likely to have impaired cognitive function. Sleep disturbances were assessed using the MOS-SS scale, and it was found that epileptic patients with coronovirus infection were more likely to have moderate sleep disturbances than those without COVID-19. During the correlation analysis, it was determined that there is a direct positive relationship between the severity and frequency of epileptic seizures with the infection of COVID-19. All this shows the negative effect of the infection of COVID-19 on the course of epilepsy.","PeriodicalId":18831,"journal":{"name":"NATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139353881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction. Pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) is defined as MS with onset before 18 years of age, using the 2017 McDonald Criteria. 3-5% of all MS cases have pediatric onset. Mean age of onset in POMS is 11 years, however, most patients are older than 15. There is a known female predilection for MS, although not in the younger than 11 years age group. Materials and methods. Our article presents a clinical case of MS in children. We think that this information will be interesting for neurologists and pediatricians. Results. Our patient is a boy 13 years, born from the 3 pregnancy, 3 birth. His development was appropriate for his age. There is no patient with multiple sclerosis in the offspring. Symptoms started with blurred vision in one eye when he was 11 years old. He was under the supervision of a neurologist and received treatment. His condition has stabilized. Symptoms repeated after 6 months. In addition to the weakness of vision, there is also a difficulty in performing precise movements. In neurological status: Pupils reaction to light was preserved. Left-sided oculomotor deficiency is noted. Swallowing and hearing N. In the motor sphere: peripheral muscle tone D=S, hypotonia, reflexes D=S, hyperreflexia, muscle strength D=S, normal. Reflexogenic zones in the lower limbs have expanded. Sensory system without any changes. He is unstable in the Romberg state. In finger- nose test intentional tremor is seen. Brain MRI: active demyelinating lesions (largest 14x8) in supratentorial and infratentorial region. Spine MRI: contrast enhancing demyelinating lesions in C1 and C5. 3 months later, an increase of demyelinating lesions was noted in the MRI examination of the brain and spinal cord. Ophthalmologist's examination: retrobulbar neuritis. LP: Oligoclonal band was positive. General and biochemical analysis of blood was normal. Conclusion. There is quite a lot of information about multiple sclerosis in adults in the literature. However, it has not been adequately studied in children. Thus, we believe that studying the characteristics of the course of multiple sclerosis in the pediatric population is important and of social importance.
{"title":"MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS IN A CHILD. CLINICAL CASE","authors":"A.K. Mammadbəyli, S.E. Aliyeva","doi":"10.61788/njn.v1i23.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61788/njn.v1i23.20","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) is defined as MS with onset before 18 years of age, using the 2017 McDonald Criteria. 3-5% of all MS cases have pediatric onset. Mean age of onset in POMS is 11 years, however, most patients are older than 15. There is a known female predilection for MS, although not in the younger than 11 years age group. Materials and methods. Our article presents a clinical case of MS in children. We think that this information will be interesting for neurologists and pediatricians. Results. Our patient is a boy 13 years, born from the 3 pregnancy, 3 birth. His development was appropriate for his age. There is no patient with multiple sclerosis in the offspring. Symptoms started with blurred vision in one eye when he was 11 years old. He was under the supervision of a neurologist and received treatment. His condition has stabilized. Symptoms repeated after 6 months. In addition to the weakness of vision, there is also a difficulty in performing precise movements. In neurological status: Pupils reaction to light was preserved. Left-sided oculomotor deficiency is noted. Swallowing and hearing N. In the motor sphere: peripheral muscle tone D=S, hypotonia, reflexes D=S, hyperreflexia, muscle strength D=S, normal. Reflexogenic zones in the lower limbs have expanded. Sensory system without any changes. He is unstable in the Romberg state. In finger- nose test intentional tremor is seen. Brain MRI: active demyelinating lesions (largest 14x8) in supratentorial and infratentorial region. Spine MRI: contrast enhancing demyelinating lesions in C1 and C5. 3 months later, an increase of demyelinating lesions was noted in the MRI examination of the brain and spinal cord. Ophthalmologist's examination: retrobulbar neuritis. LP: Oligoclonal band was positive. General and biochemical analysis of blood was normal. Conclusion. There is quite a lot of information about multiple sclerosis in adults in the literature. However, it has not been adequately studied in children. Thus, we believe that studying the characteristics of the course of multiple sclerosis in the pediatric population is important and of social importance.","PeriodicalId":18831,"journal":{"name":"NATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139353796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by central nervous system lesions that can lead to severe physical or cognitive disability as well as neurological defects. The pathologic hallmark of MS is focal demyelination within the brain and spinal cord. Currently, there is no definite cure for MS, immunomodulating and antiinflammatory agents can diminish its progression and decrease some of the pathological symptoms. Case report. We report a case of 18 years female patient. The patient had first approached to neurology hospital on May 2019 after upper respiratory tract infection with neurology symptoms, such as numbness on the right side and problems with balance as well as coordination. On neurological examination, she had involuntary laughing attacks. Muscle power: lower extremities proximal part – 5/5, distal part – 3/5, upper extremities 4/5. Reflexes are increased in all extremities, D=S. Babinski sign was positive bilaterally. There are bilateral dysmetria and adiadochokinesia. Gait is ataxic. Brain MRI: multiple white matter demyelinating lesions in the mesencephalon, pons and bulbus with contrast enhancement. Spine MRI: multiple white matter demyelinating lesions within C2-C4, C7-T4 , T5-T7 level, without contrast enhancement. She started on treatment methylprednisolone pulse therapy afterwards continued with oral steroid. After she had clinical and radiological improvement. 3 month later, she admitted to hospital with progressive walking disturbance and imbalance. She did MRI again and 6 months after and it revealed new contrast enhanced plaques in brain and spine. The progressive white matter lesions and clinical symptoms were judged as the MS relapse, the patient was given methylprednisolone for five consecutive days. Fingolimod was started at this time because the patient had no neurological improvement. She lost ability to walk without support. She has been taking Fingolimod for 1 year. (Lymphocyte count 0.59). In response to this therapy, her walking ability slightly improved and there were no new neurological symptoms. Since clinically and radiologically positive dynamics is observed in the patient, the treatment is continued with Fingolimod and patient is being monitored.
{"title":"A CASE OF RELAPSING MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS MANAGEMENT WITH DISEASE MODIFYING THERAPY","authors":"N.B. Pashabeyli, M. Tagıyeva","doi":"10.61788/njn.v1i23.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61788/njn.v1i23.23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by central nervous system lesions that can lead to severe physical or cognitive disability as well as neurological defects. The pathologic hallmark of MS is focal demyelination within the brain and spinal cord. Currently, there is no definite cure for MS, immunomodulating and antiinflammatory agents can diminish its progression and decrease some of the pathological symptoms. Case report. We report a case of 18 years female patient. The patient had first approached to neurology hospital on May 2019 after upper respiratory tract infection with neurology symptoms, such as numbness on the right side and problems with balance as well as coordination. On neurological examination, she had involuntary laughing attacks. Muscle power: lower extremities proximal part – 5/5, distal part – 3/5, upper extremities 4/5. Reflexes are increased in all extremities, D=S. Babinski sign was positive bilaterally. There are bilateral dysmetria and adiadochokinesia. Gait is ataxic. Brain MRI: multiple white matter demyelinating lesions in the mesencephalon, pons and bulbus with contrast enhancement. Spine MRI: multiple white matter demyelinating lesions within C2-C4, C7-T4 , T5-T7 level, without contrast enhancement. She started on treatment methylprednisolone pulse therapy afterwards continued with oral steroid. After she had clinical and radiological improvement. 3 month later, she admitted to hospital with progressive walking disturbance and imbalance. She did MRI again and 6 months after and it revealed new contrast enhanced plaques in brain and spine. The progressive white matter lesions and clinical symptoms were judged as the MS relapse, the patient was given methylprednisolone for five consecutive days. Fingolimod was started at this time because the patient had no neurological improvement. She lost ability to walk without support. She has been taking Fingolimod for 1 year. (Lymphocyte count 0.59). In response to this therapy, her walking ability slightly improved and there were no new neurological symptoms. Since clinically and radiologically positive dynamics is observed in the patient, the treatment is continued with Fingolimod and patient is being monitored.","PeriodicalId":18831,"journal":{"name":"NATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139353846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bartter syndrome is an inherited renal tubular disorder characterized by salt wasting, hypokalemia and metabolic acidosis due to impaired salt reabsorption in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle in the renal nephrons. Currently, five types of the disease are known. While the clinical signs of type 3 (classical type) appear in childhood and later ages, types 1, 2, 4, 5 (antenatal type) are characterized by severe polyhydramnios in the antenatal period and antenatal fetal death. This article is about a pregnant woman carrying a fetus with antenatal Bartter syndrome type I.
巴特综合征（Bartter Syndrome）是一种遗传性肾小管疾病，其特征是由于肾小管亨勒环升支对盐的重吸收功能受损而导致的盐丢失、低钾血症和代谢性酸中毒。目前，该病已知有五种类型。第 3 型（典型型）的临床表现出现在儿童期和晚期，而第 1、2、4、5 型（产前型）的特点是产前出现严重的多胎畸形和产前胎儿死亡。本文讲述的是一名孕妇怀有患有产前巴特综合征 I 型的胎儿。
{"title":"BARTTER SYNDROME TYPE I. CLINICAL CASE OF A PREGNANT WOMAN WITH POLYHYDRAMNIOS","authors":"H.N. Abbasova","doi":"10.61788/njn.v1i23.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61788/njn.v1i23.09","url":null,"abstract":"Bartter syndrome is an inherited renal tubular disorder characterized by salt wasting, hypokalemia and metabolic acidosis due to impaired salt reabsorption in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle in the renal nephrons. Currently, five types of the disease are known. While the clinical signs of type 3 (classical type) appear in childhood and later ages, types 1, 2, 4, 5 (antenatal type) are characterized by severe polyhydramnios in the antenatal period and antenatal fetal death. This article is about a pregnant woman carrying a fetus with antenatal Bartter syndrome type I.","PeriodicalId":18831,"journal":{"name":"NATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139353871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M.G. Mammadov, T. A. Salimli, Y.B. Ismayilov, A. T. Ismayilova
The activity of the body's immune reactivity changes because it disrupts the neuroendocrine interaction mechanism in the experimental extreme state created by cobalt acetate and in the subsequent period. Therefore, due to this effect, the mechanism of normal regulation between the neuroimmunoendocrine systems of the body is disturbed and deep pathologies of various nature occur. Research in the direction of such mutual regulation mechanism is important. It is also recommended to conduct an examination of the immune reactivity of people living in areas contaminated with heavy metals.
{"title":"THE ROLE OF NEUROENDOCRINE ACTIVITY IN THE REGULATION OF THE IMMUNE REACTIVITY OF THE ORGANISM IN AN EXPERIMENTALLY CREATED EXTREME SITUATION","authors":"M.G. Mammadov, T. A. Salimli, Y.B. Ismayilov, A. T. Ismayilova","doi":"10.61788/njn.v1i23.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61788/njn.v1i23.06","url":null,"abstract":"The activity of the body's immune reactivity changes because it disrupts the neuroendocrine interaction mechanism in the experimental extreme state created by cobalt acetate and in the subsequent period. Therefore, due to this effect, the mechanism of normal regulation between the neuroimmunoendocrine systems of the body is disturbed and deep pathologies of various nature occur. Research in the direction of such mutual regulation mechanism is important. It is also recommended to conduct an examination of the immune reactivity of people living in areas contaminated with heavy metals.","PeriodicalId":18831,"journal":{"name":"NATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139353770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background. Great improvement in survival has resulted from the contemporary treatment of cancer.However, this has been associated with the appearance of various previously unobserved neurological complications that have recently been reviewed.That radiotherapy is responsible is suggested by many features.Leukoencephalopathy appears after a quite regular delay following irradiation.They electively involve the endothelial cells with a break down of the blood-brain barrier, fibrinoid necrosis, perivascular exudation and mononuclear infiltration leading to foci of myelin destruction of different ages. Case. A 63 year old male patient was diagnosed with metastatic small cell lung cancer 20 months ago, and cisplatin+vepesid chemotherapy is started.At the 6th month of the treatment, prophylactic intracranial radiotherapy is given 3 times with an interval of 2 months. After the treatment,he had oversleeping,sluggishness, and epileptic seizures.Diffuse T2 hyperintensities were observed in the Cranial MRG taken.There was no pathology to explain the situation in the blood tests of the patient with diffuse slowing in his EEG.The patient was started on antiepileptic and steroid treatment and was followed up. Conclusion. Clinically there is progressive psychomotor deterioration.Convulsions are very rare and were seen in our patient.The MRG pattern was also very characteristic in our case especially affecting the white matter.In our case,the striking white matter predominance of the lesions was clearly shown in the pons where circumscribed areas of demyelination affected the ponto-cerebellar fibres whereas the neurons of the pontine nuclei were spared.That radiotherapy is responsible is suggested by many features.As in the cases of De Vivo et al,Rosemberg and Bleyer and Griffin,leukoencephalopathy appears after a quite regular delay following irradiation.The lesions are limited to the irradiated brain and spare the unirradiated spinal cord.The frequency of leukoencephalopathy increases with increasing doses of irradiation.This case suggests Demyelinating Leukoencephalopathy with clinical and radiological findings, biopsy is required for definitive diagnosis.
{"title":"RADIATIONINDUCED CENTRAL DEMYELINATING LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY","authors":"E. Eruyar, C. Irkech","doi":"10.61788/njn.v1i23.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61788/njn.v1i23.21","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Great improvement in survival has resulted from the contemporary treatment of cancer.However, this has been associated with the appearance of various previously unobserved neurological complications that have recently been reviewed.That radiotherapy is responsible is suggested by many features.Leukoencephalopathy appears after a quite regular delay following irradiation.They electively involve the endothelial cells with a break down of the blood-brain barrier, fibrinoid necrosis, perivascular exudation and mononuclear infiltration leading to foci of myelin destruction of different ages. Case. A 63 year old male patient was diagnosed with metastatic small cell lung cancer 20 months ago, and cisplatin+vepesid chemotherapy is started.At the 6th month of the treatment, prophylactic intracranial radiotherapy is given 3 times with an interval of 2 months. After the treatment,he had oversleeping,sluggishness, and epileptic seizures.Diffuse T2 hyperintensities were observed in the Cranial MRG taken.There was no pathology to explain the situation in the blood tests of the patient with diffuse slowing in his EEG.The patient was started on antiepileptic and steroid treatment and was followed up. Conclusion. Clinically there is progressive psychomotor deterioration.Convulsions are very rare and were seen in our patient.The MRG pattern was also very characteristic in our case especially affecting the white matter.In our case,the striking white matter predominance of the lesions was clearly shown in the pons where circumscribed areas of demyelination affected the ponto-cerebellar fibres whereas the neurons of the pontine nuclei were spared.That radiotherapy is responsible is suggested by many features.As in the cases of De Vivo et al,Rosemberg and Bleyer and Griffin,leukoencephalopathy appears after a quite regular delay following irradiation.The lesions are limited to the irradiated brain and spare the unirradiated spinal cord.The frequency of leukoencephalopathy increases with increasing doses of irradiation.This case suggests Demyelinating Leukoencephalopathy with clinical and radiological findings, biopsy is required for definitive diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":18831,"journal":{"name":"NATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139353882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A.I. Guliyeva, R. Shiraliyeva, R.L. Hasanov, Z.M. Sadykhova
Introduction. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, which ranks the second place according to the frequency of disability among young people with neurological disorders. At present, there has not been made any large-scale epidemiological study on the epidemiology of MS in Azerbaijan. The purpose of the research is to study the prevalence and incidence of MS among residents of Baku city. Material and Methods. The material of the research was 559 patients. There were 392 (70%) females and 167 (30%) males. The final diagnosis of MS was made according to the 2010 McDonald criteria. Results. The prevalence of MS was 10.2 patients per 100000 people in 2013. From 2014 to 2019, there was an increase in prevalence from 12.3 to 23.3/100000. The prevalence of MS among men and women was statistically significantly different by statics and came to 2.3:1. The incidence of MS from 2013 to 2020 remained relatively stable at the rate of 2.1-2.9 per 100,000 people. The incidence rate of women in the period of 2013-2019 increased over the years from 2.7 to 3.7, as to men it had a downward trend from 2.1 to 0.9 per 100,000 people. The incidence of MS had the highest representation in the age groups of 20-29 and 30- 39. Conclusion. According to the prevalence of MS, the city of Baku corresponds to the geographic zones of medium risk. The increase in the prevalence of MS from 2013 to 2019 with women occurs at a higher rate than with men. The incidence rate of MS in Baku remains relatively stable at 2.1-2.9 patients per 100,000 people. The incidence of MS in the number of people aged from 20 to 40 prevails in all the years studied.
{"title":"EPIDEMIOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS IN THE CITY OF BAKU","authors":"A.I. Guliyeva, R. Shiraliyeva, R.L. Hasanov, Z.M. Sadykhova","doi":"10.61788/njn.v1i23.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61788/njn.v1i23.14","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, which ranks the second place according to the frequency of disability among young people with neurological disorders. At present, there has not been made any large-scale epidemiological study on the epidemiology of MS in Azerbaijan. The purpose of the research is to study the prevalence and incidence of MS among residents of Baku city. Material and Methods. The material of the research was 559 patients. There were 392 (70%) females and 167 (30%) males. The final diagnosis of MS was made according to the 2010 McDonald criteria. Results. The prevalence of MS was 10.2 patients per 100000 people in 2013. From 2014 to 2019, there was an increase in prevalence from 12.3 to 23.3/100000. The prevalence of MS among men and women was statistically significantly different by statics and came to 2.3:1. The incidence of MS from 2013 to 2020 remained relatively stable at the rate of 2.1-2.9 per 100,000 people. The incidence rate of women in the period of 2013-2019 increased over the years from 2.7 to 3.7, as to men it had a downward trend from 2.1 to 0.9 per 100,000 people. The incidence of MS had the highest representation in the age groups of 20-29 and 30- 39. Conclusion. According to the prevalence of MS, the city of Baku corresponds to the geographic zones of medium risk. The increase in the prevalence of MS from 2013 to 2019 with women occurs at a higher rate than with men. The incidence rate of MS in Baku remains relatively stable at 2.1-2.9 patients per 100,000 people. The incidence of MS in the number of people aged from 20 to 40 prevails in all the years studied.","PeriodicalId":18831,"journal":{"name":"NATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139353903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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