Pub Date : 2020-11-29eCollection Date: 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2020.1837272
Olga Ianieva, Valentin Podgorsky
Non-conventional wine yeasts are extensively studied as promising producers of hydrolytic enzymes and as potential starter cultures in winemaking due to their ability to improve organoleptic properties of wine. Thirty-six yeast strains of enological and brewery origin from the Ukrainian Collection of Microorganisms belonging to Torulaspora, Kloeckera, Candida, Metschnikowia, Pichia, and Zygosaccharomyces genera have been screened for the production of extracellular hydrolases, stress tolerance, fermentative activity, and other traits of enological interest. This study revealed the high incidence of lipolytic, proteolytic, and β-glucosidase activities among the yeasts, while no pectinase activity was detected. Esterase, cellulase and glucanase activities were found in a small proportion of yeasts (8.33-16.66%). Several Pichia anomala, Kloekera javanica, Pichia membranifaciens, and Metschnikowia pulcherrima strains demonstrated a wide range of hydrolytic activities. High tolerance to stress factors (ethanol, osmotic, and oxidative stress) present during alcoholic fermentation was detected in P. anomala and M. pulcherrima strains. Fermentative activity of several yeast strains was evaluated in microfermentations in a model semi-synthetic medium. Strain P. anomala UCM Y-216 was selected as the most promising culture for winemaking due to its hydrolytic activities, tolerance to stress factors and other valuable metabolic traits. This study represents the first step for selecting a non-conventional yeast strain of enological origin as a potential co-culture for winemaking.
{"title":"Enological potential of non-<i>Saccharomyces</i> yeast strains of enological and brewery origin from Ukrainian Collection of Microorganisms.","authors":"Olga Ianieva, Valentin Podgorsky","doi":"10.1080/21501203.2020.1837272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21501203.2020.1837272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-conventional wine yeasts are extensively studied as promising producers of hydrolytic enzymes and as potential starter cultures in winemaking due to their ability to improve organoleptic properties of wine. Thirty-six yeast strains of enological and brewery origin from the Ukrainian Collection of Microorganisms belonging to <i>Torulaspora, Kloeckera, Candida, Metschnikowia, Pichia</i>, and <i>Zygosaccharomyces</i> genera have been screened for the production of extracellular hydrolases, stress tolerance, fermentative activity, and other traits of enological interest. This study revealed the high incidence of lipolytic, proteolytic, and β-glucosidase activities among the yeasts, while no pectinase activity was detected. Esterase, cellulase and glucanase activities were found in a small proportion of yeasts (8.33-16.66%). Several <i>Pichia anomala, Kloekera javanica, Pichia membranifaciens</i>, and <i>Metschnikowia pulcherrima</i> strains demonstrated a wide range of hydrolytic activities. High tolerance to stress factors (ethanol, osmotic, and oxidative stress) present during alcoholic fermentation was detected in <i>P. anomala</i> and <i>M. pulcherrima</i> strains. Fermentative activity of several yeast strains was evaluated in microfermentations in a model semi-synthetic medium. Strain <i>P. anomala</i> UCM Y-216 was selected as the most promising culture for winemaking due to its hydrolytic activities, tolerance to stress factors and other valuable metabolic traits. This study represents the first step for selecting a non-conventional yeast strain of enological origin as a potential co-culture for winemaking.</p>","PeriodicalId":18833,"journal":{"name":"Mycology","volume":"12 3","pages":"203-215"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2020-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21501203.2020.1837272","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39440184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-21eCollection Date: 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2020.1823509
Gabriela Verónica Díaz, Romina Olga Coniglio, Clara Inés Chungara, Pedro Darío Zapata, Laura Lidia Villalba, María Isabel Fonseca
Aspergillus is a genus of filamentous and cosmopolitan fungi that includes important species for medical mycology, food, basic research and agro-industry areas. Aspergillus section Nigri are efficient producers of hydrolytic enzymes such as cellulases that are employed in the cellulose conversion. Hence, the search of new cellulolytic isolates and their correct identification is important for carrying out safe biotechnological processes. This study aimed to characterise the cellulolytic potential of Aspergillus sp. LBM 134, isolated from the Paranaense rainforest (Argentina) and to identify the isolate through a polyphasic approach. The fungus was identified as Aspergillus niger and its cellulolytic potential was evaluated by using Congo red technique and fluorescence plate assays for carboxymethyl cellulase, β-glucosidase and cellobiohydrolase, respectively. All three cellulase activities were positive; this bio-prospective positioned A. niger LBM 134 as a promising alternative for industries that require organisms capable of carrying out cellulosic biomass processing.
{"title":"<i>Aspergillus niger</i> LBM 134 isolated from rotten wood and its potential cellulolytic ability.","authors":"Gabriela Verónica Díaz, Romina Olga Coniglio, Clara Inés Chungara, Pedro Darío Zapata, Laura Lidia Villalba, María Isabel Fonseca","doi":"10.1080/21501203.2020.1823509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21501203.2020.1823509","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aspergillus is a genus of filamentous and cosmopolitan fungi that includes important species for medical mycology, food, basic research and agro-industry areas. <i>Aspergillus</i> section <i>Nigri</i> are efficient producers of hydrolytic enzymes such as cellulases that are employed in the cellulose conversion. Hence, the search of new cellulolytic isolates and their correct identification is important for carrying out safe biotechnological processes. This study aimed to characterise the cellulolytic potential of <i>Aspergillus</i> sp. LBM 134, isolated from the Paranaense rainforest (Argentina) and to identify the isolate through a polyphasic approach. The fungus was identified as <i>Aspergillus niger</i> and its cellulolytic potential was evaluated by using Congo red technique and fluorescence plate assays for carboxymethyl cellulase, β-glucosidase and cellobiohydrolase, respectively. All three cellulase activities were positive; this bio-prospective positioned <i>A. niger</i> LBM 134 as a promising alternative for industries that require organisms capable of carrying out cellulosic biomass processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":18833,"journal":{"name":"Mycology","volume":"12 3","pages":"160-173"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2020-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21501203.2020.1823509","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39452897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hydrophobin proteins were extracted from Agrocybe cylindracea mycelia, the culture media (potato dextrose broth, PDB), and fruiting bodies. The putative hydrophobins obtained showed approximate sizes ranging from 8.0 to 25.0 kDa, dependent on their source. Multiple hydrophobin protein bands were detected in fruiting bodies. The hydrophobin yielded from aerial mycelia, or fruiting bodies, was approximately 6 mg/g dried weight. The crude extracts were examined for their properties in regards to surface modification, emulsification, and surface activity. Coating of hydrophobic Teflon sheet with crude extract made the surface significantly hydrophilic, whereas exposure of glass surfaces to extracts resulted in enhanced hydrophobicity. Crude extracts from culture media of A. cylindracea displayed emulsifying activity when mixed with hexane and could significantly reduce the surface tension of 60% ethanol and deionised water. The putative hydrophobin protein band from culture media (9.6 kDa), as analysed using LC-MS/MS, contained an amino acid fragment structurally similar to class I hydrophobin proteins from Basidiomycetes.
{"title":"Putative hydrophobins of black poplar mushroom (<i>Agrocybe cylindracea</i>).","authors":"Chetsada Pothiratana, Wasapon Fuangsawat, Anchalee Jintapattanakit, Churapa Teerapatsakul, Surachai Thachepan","doi":"10.1080/21501203.2020.1804474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21501203.2020.1804474","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydrophobin proteins were extracted from <i>Agrocybe cylindracea</i> mycelia, the culture media (potato dextrose broth, PDB), and fruiting bodies. The putative hydrophobins obtained showed approximate sizes ranging from 8.0 to 25.0 kDa, dependent on their source. Multiple hydrophobin protein bands were detected in fruiting bodies. The hydrophobin yielded from aerial mycelia, or fruiting bodies, was approximately 6 mg/g dried weight. The crude extracts were examined for their properties in regards to surface modification, emulsification, and surface activity. Coating of hydrophobic Teflon sheet with crude extract made the surface significantly hydrophilic, whereas exposure of glass surfaces to extracts resulted in enhanced hydrophobicity. Crude extracts from culture media of <i>A. cylindracea</i> displayed emulsifying activity when mixed with hexane and could significantly reduce the surface tension of 60% ethanol and deionised water. The putative hydrophobin protein band from culture media (9.6 kDa), as analysed using LC-MS/MS, contained an amino acid fragment structurally similar to class I hydrophobin proteins from Basidiomycetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18833,"journal":{"name":"Mycology","volume":"12 1","pages":"58-67"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21501203.2020.1804474","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25402479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lignocellulosic wastes, rice straw, sugarcane bagasse, rice bran and sawdust, and pure commercial carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and xylan were used as substrates to cultivate cellulolytic fungus, Aspergillus flavus KUB2, in submerged fermentation at 30°C. Of all the substrates, sugarcane bagasse was a good source for the production of cellulolytic and also hemicellulolytic enzymes. The maximum activities of endoglucanase (CMCase), total cellulase (FPase) and xylanase using sugarcane bagasse as substrate were 8%, 75% and 165%, respectively, higher than those of the commercial substrates. The time course determination of enzyme production revealed that the highest CMCase (1.27 U/ml), FPase (0.72 U/ml) and xylanase (376.81 U/ml) activities were observed at 14 days of fermentation. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses confirmed the efficient structural alteration of sugarcane bagasse caused by enzymatic actions during A. flavus KUB2 cultivation. Based on the results of the hydrolytic enzyme activities, FTIR and SEM, A. flavus KUB2 is suggested as an efficient hydrolytic enzymes producer and an effective lignocellulose degrader, while sugarcane bagasse can be applied as a low-cost carbon source for the economical production of lignocellulose hydrolytic enzymes by A. flavus KUB2.
{"title":"Lignocellulose hydrolytic enzymes production by <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> KUB2 using submerged fermentation of sugarcane bagasse waste.","authors":"Nattida Namnuch, Anon Thammasittirong, Sutticha Na-Ranong Thammasittirong","doi":"10.1080/21501203.2020.1806938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21501203.2020.1806938","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lignocellulosic wastes, rice straw, sugarcane bagasse, rice bran and sawdust, and pure commercial carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and xylan were used as substrates to cultivate cellulolytic fungus, <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> KUB2, in submerged fermentation at 30°C. Of all the substrates, sugarcane bagasse was a good source for the production of cellulolytic and also hemicellulolytic enzymes. The maximum activities of endoglucanase (CMCase), total cellulase (FPase) and xylanase using sugarcane bagasse as substrate were 8%, 75% and 165%, respectively, higher than those of the commercial substrates. The time course determination of enzyme production revealed that the highest CMCase (1.27 U/ml), FPase (0.72 U/ml) and xylanase (376.81 U/ml) activities were observed at 14 days of fermentation. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses confirmed the efficient structural alteration of sugarcane bagasse caused by enzymatic actions during <i>A. flavus</i> KUB2 cultivation. Based on the results of the hydrolytic enzyme activities, FTIR and SEM, <i>A. flavus</i> KUB2 is suggested as an efficient hydrolytic enzymes producer and an effective lignocellulose degrader, while sugarcane bagasse can be applied as a low-cost carbon source for the economical production of lignocellulose hydrolytic enzymes by <i>A. flavus</i> KUB2.</p>","PeriodicalId":18833,"journal":{"name":"Mycology","volume":"12 2","pages":"119-127"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2020-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21501203.2020.1806938","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39009590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-18DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2020.1801873
Napalai Chaiwan, Dhanushka N Wanasinghe, Ausana Mapook, Ruvishika S Jayawardena, Chada Norphanphoun, Kevin D Hyde
A survey of the diversity and distribution of microfungi on Dracaena leaf litter in Songkhla Province (Thailand) yielded two collections of pestalotiopsis-like fungi. Analyses of a combined ITS, TEF1-α and TUB2 sequence data matrix were applied to infer the phylogenetic position of these new isolates in Pestalotiopsis. The phylogenies indicated that these two isolates were monophyletic and constituted a distinct lineage that perceived a taxonomic novelty in Pestalotiopsis. This clade shared a close phylogenetic affinity with P. adusta, P. krabiensis, P. pandanicola and P. papuana. The comparison of morphological features with the phylogenetically closely related taxa are given and the new species is introduced as Pestalotiopsis dracaenicola sp. nov. with comprehensive descriptions and illustrations herein.
{"title":"Novel species of <i>Pestalotiopsis</i> fungi on <i>Dracaena</i> from Thailand.","authors":"Napalai Chaiwan, Dhanushka N Wanasinghe, Ausana Mapook, Ruvishika S Jayawardena, Chada Norphanphoun, Kevin D Hyde","doi":"10.1080/21501203.2020.1801873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21501203.2020.1801873","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A survey of the diversity and distribution of microfungi on <i>Dracaena</i> leaf litter in Songkhla Province (Thailand) yielded two collections of pestalotiopsis-like fungi. Analyses of a combined ITS, TEF1-α and TUB2 sequence data matrix were applied to infer the phylogenetic position of these new isolates in <i>Pestalotiopsis</i>. The phylogenies indicated that these two isolates were monophyletic and constituted a distinct lineage that perceived a taxonomic novelty in <i>Pestalotiopsis</i>. This clade shared a close phylogenetic affinity with <i>P. adusta, P. krabiensis, P. pandanicola</i> and <i>P. papuana</i>. The comparison of morphological features with the phylogenetically closely related taxa are given and the new species is introduced as <i>Pestalotiopsis dracaenicola</i> sp. nov. with comprehensive descriptions and illustrations herein.</p>","PeriodicalId":18833,"journal":{"name":"Mycology","volume":"11 4","pages":"306-315"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2020-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21501203.2020.1801873","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38719699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-06DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2020.1799879
Yuriko Nagano, Toshiko Miura, Taishi Tsubouchi, Andre O Lima, Masaru Kawato, Yoshihiro Fujiwara, Katsunori Fujikura
In this study, sediments from whale-fall chemosynthetic ecosystems (two different sites, one naturally occurring at 4200 m water depth in South Atlantic Ocean and one artificially immersed at 100 m water depth in Kagoshima Bay, Japan) were investigated by Ion Torrent PGM sequencing of the ITS region of ribosomal RNA to reveal fungal communities in these unique marine environments. As a result, a total of 107 (897 including singletons) Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) were obtained from the samples explored. Composition of the 107 OTUs at the phylum level among the five samples from two different whale-fall sites was assigned to Ascomycota (46%), Basidiomycota (7%), unidentified fungi (21%), non-fungi (10%), and sequences with no affiliation to any organisms in the public database (No-match) (16%). The high detection of the unidentified fungi and unassigned fungi was revealed in the whale-fall environments in this study. Some of these unidentified fungi are allied to early diverging fungi and they were more abundant in the sediments not directly in contact with whalebone. This study suggests that a cryptic fungal community exists in unique whale-fall ecosystems.
{"title":"Cryptic fungal diversity revealed in deep-sea sediments associated with whale-fall chemosynthetic ecosystems.","authors":"Yuriko Nagano, Toshiko Miura, Taishi Tsubouchi, Andre O Lima, Masaru Kawato, Yoshihiro Fujiwara, Katsunori Fujikura","doi":"10.1080/21501203.2020.1799879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21501203.2020.1799879","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, sediments from whale-fall chemosynthetic ecosystems (two different sites, one naturally occurring at 4200 m water depth in South Atlantic Ocean and one artificially immersed at 100 m water depth in Kagoshima Bay, Japan) were investigated by Ion Torrent PGM sequencing of the ITS region of ribosomal RNA to reveal fungal communities in these unique marine environments. As a result, a total of 107 (897 including singletons) Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) were obtained from the samples explored. Composition of the 107 OTUs at the phylum level among the five samples from two different whale-fall sites was assigned to Ascomycota (46%), Basidiomycota (7%), unidentified fungi (21%), non-fungi (10%), and sequences with no affiliation to any organisms in the public database (No-match) (16%). The high detection of the unidentified fungi and unassigned fungi was revealed in the whale-fall environments in this study. Some of these unidentified fungi are allied to early diverging fungi and they were more abundant in the sediments not directly in contact with whalebone. This study suggests that a cryptic fungal community exists in unique whale-fall ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":18833,"journal":{"name":"Mycology","volume":"11 3","pages":"263-278"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2020-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21501203.2020.1799879","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38493522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-02DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2020.1799878
Ye Luo, Xu Wei, Shuai Yang, Yuan-Hao Gao, Zhu-Hua Luo
Recent reports have revealed diverse and abundant fungal communities in the deep-sea biosphere, while their composition, distribution, and variations in seamount zones are poorly understood. Using a metabarcoding approach targeting the ITS2 regions, we present the structure of the fungal community in 18 sediment samples from the Magellan seamount area of the northwest Pacific. A total of 1,979 fungal OTUs was obtained, which were taxonomically assigned to seven phyla, 17 classes, 43 orders, 7 families, and 98 genera. The majority of these OTUs were affiliated to Basidiomycota (873 OTUs, 44.11% of total OTUs) and Ascomycota (486 OTUs, 24.56% of total OTUs), followed by other five minor phyla (Mortierellomycota, Chytridiomycota, Mucoromycota, Glomeromycota, and Monoblepharidomycota). Sordriomycetes is the most abundant class, followed by Eurotiomycetes, and Dothideomycetes. Five genera were common in most of the samples, including worldwide reported genera Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Chaetomium, and Penicillium. The environmental data we collected (sampling depth, sampling location latitude and longitude, organic carbon content, and organic nitrogen content in the sediment) had no significant influence on the composition and distribution of fungal communities. Our findings provide valuable information for understanding the distribution and potential ecological functions of fungi in the deep-sea sediments of the Magellan seamounts.
{"title":"Fungal diversity in deep-sea sediments from the Magellan seamounts as revealed by a metabarcoding approach targeting the ITS2 regions.","authors":"Ye Luo, Xu Wei, Shuai Yang, Yuan-Hao Gao, Zhu-Hua Luo","doi":"10.1080/21501203.2020.1799878","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21501203.2020.1799878","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent reports have revealed diverse and abundant fungal communities in the deep-sea biosphere, while their composition, distribution, and variations in seamount zones are poorly understood. Using a metabarcoding approach targeting the ITS2 regions, we present the structure of the fungal community in 18 sediment samples from the Magellan seamount area of the northwest Pacific. A total of 1,979 fungal OTUs was obtained, which were taxonomically assigned to seven phyla, 17 classes, 43 orders, 7 families, and 98 genera. The majority of these OTUs were affiliated to Basidiomycota (873 OTUs, 44.11% of total OTUs) and Ascomycota (486 OTUs, 24.56% of total OTUs), followed by other five minor phyla (Mortierellomycota, Chytridiomycota, Mucoromycota, Glomeromycota, and Monoblepharidomycota). Sordriomycetes is the most abundant class, followed by Eurotiomycetes, and Dothideomycetes. Five genera were common in most of the samples, including worldwide reported genera <i>Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Chaetomium</i>, and <i>Penicillium</i>. The environmental data we collected (sampling depth, sampling location latitude and longitude, organic carbon content, and organic nitrogen content in the sediment) had no significant influence on the composition and distribution of fungal communities. Our findings provide valuable information for understanding the distribution and potential ecological functions of fungi in the deep-sea sediments of the Magellan seamounts.</p>","PeriodicalId":18833,"journal":{"name":"Mycology","volume":"11 3","pages":"214-229"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2020-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7534268/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38589643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Calcium (Ca2+) is a universal signalling molecule of life. The Ca2+ signalling is an evolutionarily conserved process from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. Ca2+ at high concentration is deleterious to the cell; therefore, cell maintains a low resting level of intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c). The resting [Ca2+]c is tightly regulated, and a transient increase of the [Ca2+]c initiates a signalling cascade in the cell. Ca2+ signalling plays an essential role in various processes, including growth, development, reproduction, tolerance to stress conditions, and virulence in fungi. In this review, we describe the evolutionary aspects of Ca2+ signalling and cell functions of major Ca2+ signalling proteins in different fungi.
{"title":"Calcium signaling is involved in diverse cellular processes in fungi.","authors":"Avishek Roy, Ajeet Kumar, Darshana Baruah, Ranjan Tamuli","doi":"10.1080/21501203.2020.1785962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21501203.2020.1785962","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Calcium (Ca<sup>2+</sup>) is a universal signalling molecule of life. The Ca<sup>2+</sup> signalling is an evolutionarily conserved process from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. Ca<sup>2+</sup> at high concentration is deleterious to the cell; therefore, cell maintains a low resting level of intracellular free Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentration ([Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>c</sub>). The resting [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>c</sub> is tightly regulated, and a transient increase of the [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>c</sub> initiates a signalling cascade in the cell. Ca<sup>2+</sup> signalling plays an essential role in various processes, including growth, development, reproduction, tolerance to stress conditions, and virulence in fungi. In this review, we describe the evolutionary aspects of Ca<sup>2+</sup> signalling and cell functions of major Ca<sup>2+</sup> signalling proteins in different fungi.</p>","PeriodicalId":18833,"journal":{"name":"Mycology","volume":"12 1","pages":"10-24"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21501203.2020.1785962","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25402476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-13DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2020.1759719
Mohamed A Hussein, Ahmed H M El-Said, Asmaa S Yassein
Forty-three species and variety belonging to 15 genera were collected from 30 strawberry fruit samples on Glucose-Czapek's agar medium. Among them, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium citrinum were the most frequent species recovered from 53.3%, 70.0% and 50.0% of the samples, respectively. According to the ITS rDNA sequence, we confirmed the morphological identification result. Moreover, aflatoxin biosynthesis gene omt-A was detected in A. flavus, while Aopks gene was found in A. niger. Interestingly, we could not detect any aflatoxin or ochratoxin biosynthesis genes in the P. citrinum strain. The concentration of detected aflatoxin was 3.5 ppb produced by A. flavus, while A. niger gave 4.1 ppb as ochratoxin. A. flavus was the most pectinase producer among the selected strains, and the highest amount was obtained at 30°C after 6 days of incubation with initial medium pH 8.
{"title":"Mycobiota associated with strawberry fruits, their mycotoxin potential and pectinase activity.","authors":"Mohamed A Hussein, Ahmed H M El-Said, Asmaa S Yassein","doi":"10.1080/21501203.2020.1759719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21501203.2020.1759719","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Forty-three species and variety belonging to 15 genera were collected from 30 strawberry fruit samples on Glucose-Czapek's agar medium. Among them, <i>Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger</i> and <i>Penicillium citrinum</i> were the most frequent species recovered from 53.3%, 70.0% and 50.0% of the samples, respectively. According to the ITS rDNA sequence, we confirmed the morphological identification result. Moreover, aflatoxin biosynthesis gene <i>omt-A</i> was detected in <i>A. flavus</i>, while <i>Aopks</i> gene was found in <i>A. niger</i>. Interestingly, we could not detect any aflatoxin or ochratoxin biosynthesis genes in the <i>P. citrinum</i> strain. The concentration of detected aflatoxin was 3.5 ppb produced by <i>A. flavus</i>, while <i>A. niger</i> gave 4.1 ppb as ochratoxin. <i>A. flavus</i> was the most pectinase producer among the selected strains, and the highest amount was obtained at 30°C after 6 days of incubation with initial medium pH 8.</p>","PeriodicalId":18833,"journal":{"name":"Mycology","volume":"11 2","pages":"158-166"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2020-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21501203.2020.1759719","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38374043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}