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Enological potential of non-Saccharomyces yeast strains of enological and brewery origin from Ukrainian Collection of Microorganisms. 来自乌克兰微生物收集的酿酒和啤酒来源的非酿酒酵母菌株的酿酒潜力。
IF 4.2 2区 生物学 Q1 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-11-29 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2020.1837272
Olga Ianieva, Valentin Podgorsky

Non-conventional wine yeasts are extensively studied as promising producers of hydrolytic enzymes and as potential starter cultures in winemaking due to their ability to improve organoleptic properties of wine. Thirty-six yeast strains of enological and brewery origin from the Ukrainian Collection of Microorganisms belonging to Torulaspora, Kloeckera, Candida, Metschnikowia, Pichia, and Zygosaccharomyces genera have been screened for the production of extracellular hydrolases, stress tolerance, fermentative activity, and other traits of enological interest. This study revealed the high incidence of lipolytic, proteolytic, and β-glucosidase activities among the yeasts, while no pectinase activity was detected. Esterase, cellulase and glucanase activities were found in a small proportion of yeasts (8.33-16.66%). Several Pichia anomala, Kloekera javanica, Pichia membranifaciens, and Metschnikowia pulcherrima strains demonstrated a wide range of hydrolytic activities. High tolerance to stress factors (ethanol, osmotic, and oxidative stress) present during alcoholic fermentation was detected in P. anomala and M. pulcherrima strains. Fermentative activity of several yeast strains was evaluated in microfermentations in a model semi-synthetic medium. Strain P. anomala UCM Y-216 was selected as the most promising culture for winemaking due to its hydrolytic activities, tolerance to stress factors and other valuable metabolic traits. This study represents the first step for selecting a non-conventional yeast strain of enological origin as a potential co-culture for winemaking.

由于非常规葡萄酒酵母具有改善葡萄酒感官特性的能力,因此作为水解酶的有前途的生产者和潜在的酿酒发酵剂被广泛研究。来自乌克兰微生物收集的36株酿酒和啤酒酵母菌株属于Torulaspora, Kloeckera,念珠菌,Metschnikowia, Pichia和Zygosaccharomyces属,用于细胞外水解酶的生产,耐受性,发酵活性和其他酿酒特性的筛选。本研究揭示了酵母中高发的脂解、蛋白解和β-葡萄糖苷酶活性,而未检测到果胶酶活性。少量酵母(8.33 ~ 16.66%)具有酯酶、纤维素酶和葡聚糖酶活性。几种异常毕赤酵母、javanicloekera、膜性毕赤酵母和pulcherrima Metschnikowia菌株显示出广泛的水解活性。在P. anomala和M. pulcherrima菌株中检测到酒精发酵过程中对应激因子(乙醇、渗透和氧化应激)的高耐受性。在半合成培养基中对几种酵母菌的微发酵活性进行了评价。菌株P. anomala UCM Y-216由于其水解活性、对逆境因素的耐受性和其他有价值的代谢特性而被选为最有希望用于酿酒的菌株。这项研究代表了选择一种非传统的酿酒酵母菌株作为潜在的酿酒共培养的第一步。
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引用次数: 9
Aspergillus niger LBM 134 isolated from rotten wood and its potential cellulolytic ability. 从腐烂木材中分离的黑曲霉LBM 134及其潜在的纤维素分解能力。
IF 4.2 2区 生物学 Q1 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-09-21 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2020.1823509
Gabriela Verónica Díaz, Romina Olga Coniglio, Clara Inés Chungara, Pedro Darío Zapata, Laura Lidia Villalba, María Isabel Fonseca

Aspergillus is a genus of filamentous and cosmopolitan fungi that includes important species for medical mycology, food, basic research and agro-industry areas. Aspergillus section Nigri are efficient producers of hydrolytic enzymes such as cellulases that are employed in the cellulose conversion. Hence, the search of new cellulolytic isolates and their correct identification is important for carrying out safe biotechnological processes. This study aimed to characterise the cellulolytic potential of Aspergillus sp. LBM 134, isolated from the Paranaense rainforest (Argentina) and to identify the isolate through a polyphasic approach. The fungus was identified as Aspergillus niger and its cellulolytic potential was evaluated by using Congo red technique and fluorescence plate assays for carboxymethyl cellulase, β-glucosidase and cellobiohydrolase, respectively. All three cellulase activities were positive; this bio-prospective positioned A. niger LBM 134 as a promising alternative for industries that require organisms capable of carrying out cellulosic biomass processing.

曲霉是一种广泛分布的丝状真菌属,在医学真菌学、食品、基础研究和农用工业等领域具有重要的应用价值。黑曲霉是水解酶的高效生产者,如纤维素酶,用于纤维素转化。因此,寻找新的纤维素水解分离物及其正确鉴定对于开展安全的生物技术过程非常重要。本研究旨在表征从阿根廷Paranaense雨林中分离的曲霉sp. LBM 134的纤维素分解潜力,并通过多相方法对该分离物进行鉴定。鉴定该真菌为黑曲霉,并采用刚果红法和荧光板法分别对羧甲基纤维素酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶和纤维素生物水解酶进行了纤维素水解活性评价。3种纤维素酶活性均为阳性;这种生物前景将黑曲霉LBM 134定位为需要能够进行纤维素生物质加工的生物的工业的有前途的替代品。
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引用次数: 7
Putative hydrophobins of black poplar mushroom (Agrocybe cylindracea). 黑杨菇的推定疏水酶。
IF 4.2 2区 生物学 Q1 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-08-31 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2020.1804474
Chetsada Pothiratana, Wasapon Fuangsawat, Anchalee Jintapattanakit, Churapa Teerapatsakul, Surachai Thachepan

Hydrophobin proteins were extracted from Agrocybe cylindracea mycelia, the culture media (potato dextrose broth, PDB), and fruiting bodies. The putative hydrophobins obtained showed approximate sizes ranging from 8.0 to 25.0 kDa, dependent on their source. Multiple hydrophobin protein bands were detected in fruiting bodies. The hydrophobin yielded from aerial mycelia, or fruiting bodies, was approximately 6 mg/g dried weight. The crude extracts were examined for their properties in regards to surface modification, emulsification, and surface activity. Coating of hydrophobic Teflon sheet with crude extract made the surface significantly hydrophilic, whereas exposure of glass surfaces to extracts resulted in enhanced hydrophobicity. Crude extracts from culture media of A. cylindracea displayed emulsifying activity when mixed with hexane and could significantly reduce the surface tension of 60% ethanol and deionised water. The putative hydrophobin protein band from culture media (9.6 kDa), as analysed using LC-MS/MS, contained an amino acid fragment structurally similar to class I hydrophobin proteins from Basidiomycetes.

从线虫菌丝体、培养基(马铃薯葡萄糖肉汤,PDB)和子实体中提取疏水蛋白。所得的推测疏水蛋白的大小根据来源的不同,大约在8.0 ~ 25.0 kDa之间。在子实体中检测到多条疏水蛋白条带。从气生菌丝或子实体中产生的疏水蛋白约为6毫克/克干重。研究了粗提物的表面改性、乳化和表面活性。在疏水性聚四氟乙烯片上涂覆粗提取物使其表面具有明显的亲水性,而将玻璃表面暴露于提取物则增强了疏水性。茶树培养基粗提物与己烷混合后具有乳化活性,可显著降低60%乙醇和去离子水的表面张力。利用LC-MS/MS对培养基中推测的疏水蛋白带(9.6 kDa)进行分析,发现含有一个氨基酸片段,其结构类似于担子菌的I类疏水蛋白。
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引用次数: 3
Correction. 修正。
IF 4.2 2区 生物学 Q1 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-08-26 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2020.1808288

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2019.1600063.].

[这更正了文章DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2019.1600063.]。
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引用次数: 0
Lignocellulose hydrolytic enzymes production by Aspergillus flavus KUB2 using submerged fermentation of sugarcane bagasse waste. 黄曲霉KUB2深层发酵蔗渣废液生产木质纤维素水解酶。
IF 4.2 2区 生物学 Q1 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-08-18 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2020.1806938
Nattida Namnuch, Anon Thammasittirong, Sutticha Na-Ranong Thammasittirong

Lignocellulosic wastes, rice straw, sugarcane bagasse, rice bran and sawdust, and pure commercial carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and xylan were used as substrates to cultivate cellulolytic fungus, Aspergillus flavus KUB2, in submerged fermentation at 30°C. Of all the substrates, sugarcane bagasse was a good source for the production of cellulolytic and also hemicellulolytic enzymes. The maximum activities of endoglucanase (CMCase), total cellulase (FPase) and xylanase using sugarcane bagasse as substrate were 8%, 75% and 165%, respectively, higher than those of the commercial substrates. The time course determination of enzyme production revealed that the highest CMCase (1.27 U/ml), FPase (0.72 U/ml) and xylanase (376.81 U/ml) activities were observed at 14 days of fermentation. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses confirmed the efficient structural alteration of sugarcane bagasse caused by enzymatic actions during A. flavus KUB2 cultivation. Based on the results of the hydrolytic enzyme activities, FTIR and SEM, A. flavus KUB2 is suggested as an efficient hydrolytic enzymes producer and an effective lignocellulose degrader, while sugarcane bagasse can be applied as a low-cost carbon source for the economical production of lignocellulose hydrolytic enzymes by A. flavus KUB2.

以木质纤维素废弃物、稻草、甘蔗渣、米糠和木屑以及纯商品羧甲基纤维素(CMC)和木聚糖为底物,在30℃下培养纤维素水解真菌黄曲霉KUB2。在所有底物中,甘蔗渣是生产纤维素水解酶和半纤维素水解酶的良好来源。以甘蔗渣为底物,其内切葡聚糖酶(CMCase)、总纤维素酶(FPase)和木聚糖酶的最大活性分别比商品底物高8%、75%和165%。产酶时间测定结果表明,发酵第14天CMCase (1.27 U/ml)、FPase (0.72 U/ml)和木聚糖酶(376.81 U/ml)活性最高。傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和扫描电镜(SEM)分析证实了A. flavus KUB2培养过程中酶的作用对甘蔗渣结构的有效改变。水解酶活性、红外光谱和扫描电镜分析结果表明,黄曲霉KUB2是一种高效的水解酶产生菌和有效的木质纤维素降解菌,而甘蔗渣可作为黄曲霉KUB2经济生产木质纤维素水解酶的低成本碳源。
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引用次数: 35
Novel species of Pestalotiopsis fungi on Dracaena from Thailand. 标题泰国龙果上拟盘多毛孢真菌新种。
IF 4.2 2区 生物学 Q1 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-08-18 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2020.1801873
Napalai Chaiwan, Dhanushka N Wanasinghe, Ausana Mapook, Ruvishika S Jayawardena, Chada Norphanphoun, Kevin D Hyde

A survey of the diversity and distribution of microfungi on Dracaena leaf litter in Songkhla Province (Thailand) yielded two collections of pestalotiopsis-like fungi. Analyses of a combined ITS, TEF1-α and TUB2 sequence data matrix were applied to infer the phylogenetic position of these new isolates in Pestalotiopsis. The phylogenies indicated that these two isolates were monophyletic and constituted a distinct lineage that perceived a taxonomic novelty in Pestalotiopsis. This clade shared a close phylogenetic affinity with P. adusta, P. krabiensis, P. pandanicola and P. papuana. The comparison of morphological features with the phylogenetically closely related taxa are given and the new species is introduced as Pestalotiopsis dracaenicola sp. nov. with comprehensive descriptions and illustrations herein.

对泰国宋卡省龙鼓树凋落叶微真菌的多样性和分布进行了调查,发现了两组拟盘多菌样真菌。利用ITS、TEF1-α和TUB2序列数据矩阵分析这些新分离株在拟盘多毛孢中的系统发育位置。系统发育表明,这两个分离株是单系的,构成了一个独特的谱系,在分类上具有新颖性。该支系与P. adusta、P. krabiensis、P. pandanicola和P. papuana有密切的亲缘关系。将其形态特征与系统亲缘关系密切的类群进行了比较,并介绍了新种——拟盘多毛孢(拟盘多毛孢)。
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引用次数: 5
Cryptic fungal diversity revealed in deep-sea sediments associated with whale-fall chemosynthetic ecosystems. 与鲸落化学合成生态系统相关的深海沉积物中隐藏真菌多样性的揭示。
IF 4.2 2区 生物学 Q1 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-08-06 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2020.1799879
Yuriko Nagano, Toshiko Miura, Taishi Tsubouchi, Andre O Lima, Masaru Kawato, Yoshihiro Fujiwara, Katsunori Fujikura

In this study, sediments from whale-fall chemosynthetic ecosystems (two different sites, one naturally occurring at 4200 m water depth in South Atlantic Ocean and one artificially immersed at 100 m water depth in Kagoshima Bay, Japan) were investigated by Ion Torrent PGM sequencing of the ITS region of ribosomal RNA to reveal fungal communities in these unique marine environments. As a result, a total of 107 (897 including singletons) Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) were obtained from the samples explored. Composition of the 107 OTUs at the phylum level among the five samples from two different whale-fall sites was assigned to Ascomycota (46%), Basidiomycota (7%), unidentified fungi (21%), non-fungi (10%), and sequences with no affiliation to any organisms in the public database (No-match) (16%). The high detection of the unidentified fungi and unassigned fungi was revealed in the whale-fall environments in this study. Some of these unidentified fungi are allied to early diverging fungi and they were more abundant in the sediments not directly in contact with whalebone. This study suggests that a cryptic fungal community exists in unique whale-fall ecosystems.

本研究利用离子激流(Ion Torrent) PGM测序技术,研究了鲸落化学合成生态系统(两个不同的地点,一个自然发生在南大西洋4200米水深,一个人工沉没在日本鹿儿岛湾100米水深)的沉积物,以揭示这些独特海洋环境中的真菌群落。结果,共获得107个(包括单例)操作分类单位(otu)。在两个不同的落鲸点的5个样本中,107个otu的门水平组成分别为子囊菌门(46%)、担子菌门(7%)、未知真菌(21%)、非真菌(10%)和与公共数据库中任何生物不相关的序列(no -match)(16%)。本研究揭示了落鲸环境中未识别真菌和未分配真菌的高检出率。这些未识别的真菌中有一些与早期分化真菌有关,它们在与鲸须没有直接接触的沉积物中更为丰富。这项研究表明,在独特的鲸鱼坠落生态系统中存在着一个隐藏的真菌群落。
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引用次数: 5
Fungal diversity in deep-sea sediments from the Magellan seamounts as revealed by a metabarcoding approach targeting the ITS2 regions. 以 ITS2 区域为目标的代谢编码方法揭示了麦哲伦海隆深海沉积物中真菌的多样性。
IF 4.2 2区 生物学 Q1 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-08-02 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2020.1799878
Ye Luo, Xu Wei, Shuai Yang, Yuan-Hao Gao, Zhu-Hua Luo

Recent reports have revealed diverse and abundant fungal communities in the deep-sea biosphere, while their composition, distribution, and variations in seamount zones are poorly understood. Using a metabarcoding approach targeting the ITS2 regions, we present the structure of the fungal community in 18 sediment samples from the Magellan seamount area of the northwest Pacific. A total of 1,979 fungal OTUs was obtained, which were taxonomically assigned to seven phyla, 17 classes, 43 orders, 7 families, and 98 genera. The majority of these OTUs were affiliated to Basidiomycota (873 OTUs, 44.11% of total OTUs) and Ascomycota (486 OTUs, 24.56% of total OTUs), followed by other five minor phyla (Mortierellomycota, Chytridiomycota, Mucoromycota, Glomeromycota, and Monoblepharidomycota). Sordriomycetes is the most abundant class, followed by Eurotiomycetes, and Dothideomycetes. Five genera were common in most of the samples, including worldwide reported genera Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Chaetomium, and Penicillium. The environmental data we collected (sampling depth, sampling location latitude and longitude, organic carbon content, and organic nitrogen content in the sediment) had no significant influence on the composition and distribution of fungal communities. Our findings provide valuable information for understanding the distribution and potential ecological functions of fungi in the deep-sea sediments of the Magellan seamounts.

最近的报告揭示了深海生物圈中多样而丰富的真菌群落,而对它们在海隆区的组成、分布和变化却知之甚少。我们采用针对 ITS2 区域的元条码方法,研究了西北太平洋麦哲伦海山地区 18 个沉积物样本中真菌群落的结构。我们共获得了 1,979 个真菌 OTUs,这些 OTUs 在分类学上被归入 7 个门、17 个类、43 个目、7 个科和 98 个属。这些 OTUs 大部分隶属于 Basidiomycota(873 个 OTUs,占总 OTUs 的 44.11%)和 Ascomycota(486 个 OTUs,占总 OTUs 的 24.56%),其次是其他五个小系统(Mortierellomycota、Chytridiomycota、Mucoromycota、Glomeromycota 和 Monoblepharidomycota)。脊索真菌界(Sordriomycetes)是数量最多的门类,其次是欧洲真菌界(Eurotiomycetes)和齿褶真菌界(Dothideomycetes)。在大多数样本中常见的有五个属,包括全球报道的曲霉属(Aspergillus)、多孢属(Cladosporium)、镰刀菌属(Fusarium)、潮霉属(Chaetomium)和青霉属(Penicillium)。我们收集的环境数据(取样深度、取样地点的经纬度、沉积物中的有机碳含量和有机氮含量)对真菌群落的组成和分布没有显著影响。我们的研究结果为了解麦哲伦海隆深海沉积物中真菌的分布和潜在生态功能提供了有价值的信息。
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引用次数: 0
Calcium signaling is involved in diverse cellular processes in fungi. 钙信号参与真菌的多种细胞过程。
IF 4.2 2区 生物学 Q1 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-07-14 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2020.1785962
Avishek Roy, Ajeet Kumar, Darshana Baruah, Ranjan Tamuli

Calcium (Ca2+) is a universal signalling molecule of life. The Ca2+ signalling is an evolutionarily conserved process from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. Ca2+ at high concentration is deleterious to the cell; therefore, cell maintains a low resting level of intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c). The resting [Ca2+]c is tightly regulated, and a transient increase of the [Ca2+]c initiates a signalling cascade in the cell. Ca2+ signalling plays an essential role in various processes, including growth, development, reproduction, tolerance to stress conditions, and virulence in fungi. In this review, we describe the evolutionary aspects of Ca2+ signalling and cell functions of major Ca2+ signalling proteins in different fungi.

钙(Ca2+)是一种普遍的生命信号分子。Ca2+信号是一个进化保守的过程,从原核生物到真核生物。高浓度Ca2+对细胞有害;因此,细胞维持低静息水平的胞内游离Ca2+浓度([Ca2+]c)。静息[Ca2+]c受到严格调控,[Ca2+]c的短暂增加在细胞中启动信号级联。Ca2+信号在真菌的生长、发育、繁殖、对胁迫条件的耐受性和毒力等各种过程中起着重要作用。在这篇综述中,我们描述了Ca2+信号的进化方面和主要Ca2+信号蛋白在不同真菌中的细胞功能。
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引用次数: 21
Mycobiota associated with strawberry fruits, their mycotoxin potential and pectinase activity. 与草莓果实相关的真菌菌群及其真菌毒素潜能和果胶酶活性。
IF 4.2 2区 生物学 Q1 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-05-13 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2020.1759719
Mohamed A Hussein, Ahmed H M El-Said, Asmaa S Yassein

Forty-three species and variety belonging to 15 genera were collected from 30 strawberry fruit samples on Glucose-Czapek's agar medium. Among them, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium citrinum were the most frequent species recovered from 53.3%, 70.0% and 50.0% of the samples, respectively. According to the ITS rDNA sequence, we confirmed the morphological identification result. Moreover, aflatoxin biosynthesis gene omt-A was detected in A. flavus, while Aopks gene was found in A. niger. Interestingly, we could not detect any aflatoxin or ochratoxin biosynthesis genes in the P. citrinum strain. The concentration of detected aflatoxin was 3.5 ppb produced by A. flavus, while A. niger gave 4.1 ppb as ochratoxin. A. flavus was the most pectinase producer among the selected strains, and the highest amount was obtained at 30°C after 6 days of incubation with initial medium pH 8.

在葡萄糖-恰佩克琼脂培养基上,从30份草莓果实样品中采集到15属43个种和变种。其中,黄曲霉、黑曲霉和柠檬青霉的检出率分别为53.3%、70.0%和50.0%。根据ITS rDNA序列对形态学鉴定结果进行了确认。在黄曲霉中检测到黄曲霉毒素合成基因omt-A,在黑曲霉中检测到Aopks基因。有趣的是,我们没有检测到黄曲霉毒素或赭曲霉毒素的生物合成基因。黄曲霉产生的黄曲霉毒素浓度为3.5 ppb,黑曲霉产生的赭曲霉毒素浓度为4.1 ppb。A. flavus是所选菌株中产生果胶酶最多的菌株,在30°C条件下,初始培养基pH为8,培养6 d后产量最高。
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引用次数: 6
期刊
Mycology
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