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Characterization of a new strain of Metarhizium novozealandicum with potential to be developed as a biopesticide. 一株具有生物农药开发潜力的新绿僵菌的鉴定。
IF 4.2 2区 生物学 Q1 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-06-18 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2021.1935359
Laura F Villamizar, Gloria Barrera, Mark Hurst, Travis R Glare

The fungal species Metarhizium novozealandicum, that occurs only in New Zealand and Australia has been poorly studied.  In this work, a new strain of M. novozealandicum isolated from a larva of Wiseana sp. is described based on morphology, genomic multilocus (ITS, EF-1α and β-tubulin) phylogeny, growth in different culture media and insecticidal activity. The isolate AgR-F177 was clustered in the same clade with M. novozealandicum. AgR-F177 colonies developed faster on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) than on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) when incubated at 25°C, with no growth observed at 30°C on either media. Conidia yield on an oat-based medium in semisolid fermentation was 7.41 x 108conidia/g of substrate and a higher yield of 1.68 x 109conidia/g of substrate was obtained using solid fermentation on cooked rice. AgR-F177 formed microsclerotia (MS) in liquid fermentation after 7 days reaching the maximum yield of 3.3 × 103 MS/mL after 10 days. AgR-F177 caused mortality in Wiseana copularis, Costelytra giveni and Plutella xylostella larvae with efficacies up to 100%, 69.2%, and 45.7%, respectively. The ease of production of AgR-F177 with different fermentation systems and its pathogenicity against different insect pests reveal its potential as a new biopesticide.

只在新西兰和澳大利亚出现的真菌种新纽西兰绿僵菌(Metarhizium novozealandicum)的研究很少。本文根据形态、基因组多位点(ITS、EF-1α和β-微管蛋白)系统发育、在不同培养基中的生长情况和杀虫活性,对一株新菌株进行了描述。分离物AgR-F177与新西兰分枝杆菌属同一枝。25℃条件下,AgR-F177菌落在Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA)上的生长速度快于在Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA)上,在30℃条件下均未见生长。以燕麦为基础的培养基进行半固态发酵,分生孢子产量为7.41 × 108个/g底物,而在熟米上进行固体发酵,分生孢子产量更高,为1.68 × 109个/g底物。AgR-F177在液体发酵7天后形成微核菌(MS), 10天后产量达到3.3 × 103 MS/mL的最大值。AgR-F177对黄飞蛾、金针蛾和小菜蛾幼虫的死亡率分别为100%、69.2%和45.7%。不同发酵体系生产AgR-F177的难易性及其对不同害虫的致病性显示其作为一种新型生物农药的潜力。
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引用次数: 8
Fungal interactions induce changes in hyphal morphology and enzyme production. 真菌相互作用诱导菌丝形态和酶产生的变化。
IF 4.2 2区 生物学 Q1 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-06-04 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2021.1932627
Samim Dullah, Dibya Jyoti Hazarika, Assma Parveen, Merilin Kakoti, Tanushree Borgohain, Trishnamoni Gautom, Ashok Bhattacharyya, Madhumita Barooah, Robin Chandra Boro

In nature, species interacts/competes with one other within their surrounding for food and space and the type of interactions are unique to each species. The interacting partners secrete different metabolites, which may have high importance in human welfare. Fungal-fungal interactions are complex mechanisms that need better understanding. Here, 14 fungal isolates were facilitated in 105 possible combinations to interact on potato dextrose agar. Morphologically, no changes were observed when the same fungal isolates were allowed to interact within them. However, 10 interactions between different fungal isolates showed mutual replacement with each fungus; capturing territory from the other. Contrastingly, 35 interactions resulted into complete replacement as one of the fungi was inhibited by rapid growth of the other fungus. In 46 interactions, formation of barrage was observed leading to deadlock type of interaction wherein both fungi have restricted growth. To study in details about the barrage formation, two fungal interactions were taken (i) T. coccinea vs. L. lactinea and (ii) T. coccinea vs. T. versicolor. Microscopic changes in the hyphal growth during interaction were observed. There was significant increase in the enzymatic activities including cellulase, xylanase and chitinase during in-vitro fungal-fungal interaction, suggesting the importance of such interactions for commercial enzyme production.

在自然界中,物种在其周围环境中相互作用/竞争食物和空间,而相互作用的类型对每个物种来说都是独特的。相互作用的伴侣分泌不同的代谢物,这可能对人类的福利有很高的重要性。真菌-真菌相互作用是复杂的机制,需要更好的理解。在这里,14个真菌分离株以105种可能的组合在马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂上相互作用。形态学上,当相同的真菌分离株被允许在它们内部相互作用时,没有观察到变化。不同真菌分离株间有10次相互作用表现为相互替代;从对方手中夺取领土。相反,35种相互作用导致完全替代,因为其中一种真菌被另一种真菌的快速生长所抑制。在46种相互作用中,观察到弹幕的形成导致死锁型相互作用,其中两种真菌都限制了生长。为了详细研究弹幕的形成,采用了两种真菌相互作用(i) T. coccinea与L. lactinea和(ii) T. coccinea与T. versicolor。观察了菌丝生长在相互作用过程中的微观变化。在真菌与真菌的体外相互作用中,纤维素酶、木聚糖酶和几丁质酶的活性显著增加,表明这种相互作用对商业酶生产的重要性。
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引用次数: 9
Fomitopsis meliae CFA 2, a novel brown rot for endoglucanase: emphasis towards enhanced endoglucanase production by statistical approach. meliae fitopsis CFA 2,一种新的内切葡聚糖酶褐腐病:强调用统计方法提高内切葡聚糖酶的产量。
IF 4.2 2区 生物学 Q1 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-04-30 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2021.1918277
Amisha Patel, Jyoti Divecha, Amita Shah

Brown rot basidiomycetes are a principal group of wood-decaying fungi which degrade wood cellulose and hemicellulose by the combination of carbohydrate active enzymes and non-enzymatic oxidation reactions. Very scant information is available on carbohydrate active enzymes of brown rot fungi. In this context, present study focused on the production of cellulolytic-hemicellulolytic enzymes from newly isolated brown rot Fomitopsis meliae CFA 2. Under solid-state fermentation using wheat bran as the substrate Fomitopsis meliae CFA 2 was able to produce a maximum of 1391.12 ± 21.13 U/g of endoglucanase along with other cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes. Various fermentation parameters were optimised for enhanced production of endoglucanase by employing Plackett-Burman design followed by Box-Behnken design. A well-fitted regression equation with R2 value of 98.91% was attained for endoglucanase. The yield of endoglucanase was enhanced by 1.83-fold after executing statistical optimisation of various fermentative parameters. The newly isolated Fomitopsis meliae CFA 2 was found to be a potential producer of endoglucanase. Enzymatic saccharification of alkali-treated wheat straw and rice straw resulted in release of 190.8 and 318.8 mg/g of reducing sugars, respectively.

褐腐担子菌是木材腐殖真菌的一个主要类群,它通过碳水化合物活性酶和非酶氧化反应的结合降解木材纤维素和半纤维素。目前对褐腐真菌碳水化合物活性酶的研究非常有限。在此背景下,本研究主要集中在从新分离的褐腐Fomitopsis meliae CFA 2中生产纤维素水解-半纤维素水解酶。在以麦麸为底物的固态发酵条件下,与其他纤维素水解酶和半纤维素水解酶一起,meliae fca2最多能产生1391.12±21.13 U/g的内切葡聚糖酶。采用Plackett-Burman设计和Box-Behnken设计对不同发酵参数进行优化,以提高内切葡聚糖酶的产量。内切葡聚糖酶的回归方程拟合良好,R2值为98.91%。对各发酵参数进行统计优化后,内切葡聚糖酶产率提高了1.83倍。新分离的meliae fitopsis CFA 2被发现是内切葡聚糖酶的潜在生产者。碱处理的小麦秸秆和水稻秸秆经酶解糖化后,还原糖的释放量分别为190.8和318.8 mg/g。
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引用次数: 3
Antimicrobial properties of marine fungi from sponges and brown algae of Mauritius. 毛里求斯海绵和褐藻中海洋真菌的抗菌特性。
IF 4.2 2区 生物学 Q1 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-04-22 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2021.1895347
Jessica Mélanie Wong Chin, Daneshwar Puchooa, Theeshan Bahorun, Rajesh Jeewon

Purpose of the study: Marine fungi of Mauritius have been poorly studied. There are numerous reports on the bioactive secondary metabolites that are produced by fungi around the world. Yet, research on the molecular characterisation and the pharmaceutical potential of marine fungi in Mauritius is rather scanty. Method: The samples, which consisted of three sponges Haliclona sp., Iotrochota sp. and Biemna sp. and two brown algae Turbinaria conoides and Sargassum portierianum, were collected in the North of Mauritius during winter. No sporulating structures were observed from the fungal cultures making morphological analysis impossible. The molecular characterisation of the selected isolates was carried out by the amplification of the ITS regions and phylogenetic analysis. The antimicrobial properties were then determined using the disc diffusion and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay. Results: Genus level identification was made from molecular data and for some isolates, species-level identification was even possible. Twelve fungi that showed the best antimicrobial properties were identified as Peniophora sp., Aspergillus cristatus, Acremonium sp., Cordyceps memorabilis, Aspergillus ochraceus, Biscogniauxia sp., Aspergillus keratitidis, Exserohilum rostratum, Chromocleista sp., Nigrospora oryzae, Aspergillus flavipes and Mycosphaerella. The lowest MIC result of 0.0098 mg/mL was obtained with Chromocleista sp. mycelium extract against Staphylococcus aureus. The MIC of the mycelium extracts was lower than the broth extracts for most isolates indicating that the antimicrobial compounds are not secreted. Conclusion: Marine fungi from the Mauritian waters have immense potential in the search for natural products against antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

研究目的:对毛里求斯海洋真菌的研究很少。关于世界各地真菌产生的具有生物活性的次级代谢产物的报道不胜枚举。然而,有关毛里求斯海洋真菌的分子特征和制药潜力的研究却非常少。研究方法:样本包括三种海绵 Haliclona sp.、Iotrochota sp.和 Biemna sp.以及两种褐藻 Turbinaria conoides 和 Sargassum portierianum,于冬季在毛里求斯北部采集。从真菌培养物中没有观察到孢子结构,因此无法进行形态分析。通过扩增 ITS 区域和系统发育分析,对所选分离物进行了分子鉴定。然后使用盘扩散法和最低抑菌浓度(MIC)测定法确定其抗菌特性。结果:根据分子数据进行了属一级的鉴定,对一些分离物甚至可以进行种一级的鉴定。经鉴定,12 种真菌具有最佳抗菌特性,它们是 Peniophora sp.、Aspergillus cristatus、Acremonium sp.、Cordyceps memorabilis、Aspergillus ochraceus、Biscogniauxia sp.、Aspergillus keratitidis、Exserohilum rostratum、Chromocleista sp.、Nigrospora oryzae、Aspergillus flavipes 和 Mycosphaerella。Chromocleista sp. 菌丝体提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌的最低 MIC 值为 0.0098 mg/mL。菌丝体提取物对大多数分离菌的 MIC 值低于肉汤提取物,这表明抗菌化合物没有分泌。结论毛里求斯海域的海洋真菌在寻找天然产品抗击耐抗生素细菌方面具有巨大潜力。
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引用次数: 0
In vitro interactions between the ectomycorrhizal Pisolithus tinctorius and the saprotroph Hypholoma fasciculare fungi: morphological aspects and volatile production. 外生菌根Pisolithus tinctorius与腐坏菌束状菌丝的体外相互作用:形态方面和挥发性产物。
IF 4.2 2区 生物学 Q1 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-02-27 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2021.1876778
Paula Baptista, Paula Guedes de Pinho, Nathalie Moreira, Ricardo Malheiro, Francisca Reis, Jorge Padrão, Rui Tavares, Teresa Lino-Neto

Ectomycorrhizal fungi are crucial for forests sustainability. For Castanea sativa, ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius is an important mutualist partner. Saprotrophic fungi Hypholoma fasciculare, although used for biocontrol of Armillaria root disease, it negatively affected the interaction between the P. tinctorius and plant host roots, by compromise the formation of P. tinctorius-C. sativa mycorrhizae. In this work, fungal morphology during inhibition of H. fasciculare against P. tinctorius was elucidated. P. tinctorius growth was strongly affected by H. fasciculare, which was significantly reduced after six days of co-culture and become even more significant through time. During this period, P. tinctorius developed vesicles and calcium oxalate crystals, which were described as mechanisms to stress adaption by fungi. H. fasciculare produced different volatile organic compounds in co-cultures over time and differ between single or in dual-species. H. fasciculare highly produced sesquiterpenes (namely, α-muurolene) and nitrogen-containing compounds, which are recognised as having antimicrobial activity.

外生菌根真菌对森林的可持续性至关重要。外生菌根真菌Pisolithus tinctorius是蓖麻重要的共生伙伴。腐殖性真菌束状丝菌丝虽然被用于蜜环菌根病的生物防治,但它通过损害P. tinctorius- c的形成,对P. tinctorius与植物寄主根的相互作用产生了负面影响。马唐菌根。本文研究了束状芽孢杆菌抑菌过程中真菌形态的变化。麻束菌对麻束菌的生长有强烈的影响,共培养6天后显著降低,随着时间的推移变得更加显著。在此期间,P. tinctorius发育出囊泡和草酸钙晶体,这被认为是真菌适应逆境的机制。随着时间的推移,花束草在共培养中产生了不同的挥发性有机化合物,在单种或双种中也有所不同。花束草是一种高产倍半萜(即α-茂烯)和含氮化合物,被认为具有抗菌活性。
{"title":"<i>In vitro</i> interactions between the ectomycorrhizal <i>Pisolithus tinctorius</i> and the saprotroph <i>Hypholoma fasciculare</i> fungi: morphological aspects and volatile production.","authors":"Paula Baptista,&nbsp;Paula Guedes de Pinho,&nbsp;Nathalie Moreira,&nbsp;Ricardo Malheiro,&nbsp;Francisca Reis,&nbsp;Jorge Padrão,&nbsp;Rui Tavares,&nbsp;Teresa Lino-Neto","doi":"10.1080/21501203.2021.1876778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21501203.2021.1876778","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ectomycorrhizal fungi are crucial for forests sustainability. For <i>Castanea sativa</i>, ectomycorrhizal fungus <i>Pisolithus tinctorius</i> is an important mutualist partner. Saprotrophic fungi <i>Hypholoma fasciculare</i>, although used for biocontrol of <i>Armillaria</i> root disease, it negatively affected the interaction between the <i>P. tinctorius</i> and plant host roots, by compromise the formation of <i>P. tinctorius-C. sativa</i> mycorrhizae. In this work, fungal morphology during inhibition of <i>H. fasciculare</i> against <i>P. tinctorius</i> was elucidated. <i>P. tinctorius</i> growth was strongly affected by <i>H. fasciculare</i>, which was significantly reduced after six days of co-culture and become even more significant through time. During this period, <i>P. tinctorius</i> developed vesicles and calcium oxalate crystals, which were described as mechanisms to stress adaption by fungi. <i>H. fasciculare</i> produced different volatile organic compounds in co-cultures over time and differ between single or in dual-species. <i>H. fasciculare</i> highly produced sesquiterpenes (namely, α-muurolene) and nitrogen-containing compounds, which are recognised as having antimicrobial activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":18833,"journal":{"name":"Mycology","volume":"12 3","pages":"216-229"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2021-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21501203.2021.1876778","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39440185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Plant associated fungal endophytes as a source of natural bioactive compounds. 植物相关真菌内生菌作为天然生物活性化合物的来源。
IF 4.2 2区 生物学 Q1 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-01-27 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2020.1870579
Nilesh Rai, Priyanka Kumari Keshri, Ashish Verma, Swapnil C Kamble, Pradeep Mishra, Suvakanta Barik, Santosh Kumar Singh, Vibhav Gautam

Endophytes are a potent source of bioactive compounds that mimic plant-based metabolites. The relationship of host plant and endophyte is significantly associated with alteration in fungal colonisation and the extraction of endophyte-derived bioactive compounds. Screening of fungal endophytes and their relationship with host plants is essential for the isolation of bioactive compounds. Numerous bioactive compounds with antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, and immunomodulatory properties are known to be derived from fungal endophytes. Bioinformatics tools along with the latest techniques such as metabolomics, next-generation sequencing, and metagenomics multilocus sequence typing can potentially fill the gaps in fungal endophyte research. The current review article focuses on bioactive compounds derived from plant-associated fungal endophytes and their pharmacological importance. We conclude with the challenges and opportunities in the research area of fungal endophytes.

内生菌是模拟植物代谢产物的生物活性化合物的有力来源。寄主植物和内生菌的关系与真菌定植的改变和内生菌衍生的生物活性化合物的提取密切相关。真菌内生菌的筛选及其与寄主植物的关系是分离生物活性化合物的必要条件。已知许多具有抗氧化、抗菌、抗癌和免疫调节特性的生物活性化合物来源于真菌内生菌。生物信息学工具以及代谢组学、下一代测序和宏基因组学多位点序列分型等最新技术可能填补真菌内生菌研究的空白。目前的综述主要集中在从植物相关真菌内生菌中提取的生物活性化合物及其药理意义。最后,对真菌内生菌研究领域面临的挑战和机遇进行了总结。
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引用次数: 50
Fungal communities in bat guano, speleothem surfaces, and cavern water in Madai cave, Northern Borneo (Malaysia). 北婆罗洲(马来西亚)Madai洞穴蝙蝠鸟粪、洞穴表面和洞穴水中的真菌群落。
IF 4.2 2区 生物学 Q1 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-01-25 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2021.1877204
Ibrahem G Wasti, Faisal Ali Anwarali Khan, Henry Bernard, Noor Haliza Hassan, Tom Fayle, Jaya Seelan Sathiya Seelan

The island of Borneo is a global biodiversity hotspot. However, its limestone caves are one of its least-studied ecosystems. We report for the first time the fungal species richness, diversity and abundance from Madai cave, situated in north-eastern Borneo. Environmental samples from inside the cave environment were collected (guano, speleothem, and cavern water) via opportunistic sampling. The dilution method was performed for isolation of fungi. Morphological characterisation and molecular analysis of the ITS region were utilised for the identification of isolates. Fifty-five pure cultures of fungi were attained, comprising 32 species from 15 genera, eight orders, and two divisions, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Ascomycetes dominated the fungal composition, accounting for 53 (96%) out of 55 total isolates. Penicillium spp. accounted for more than 47.1% of fungal abundance in all sample types. However, Aspergillus spp. had the highest occurrence rate, being isolated from all environmental samples except one. Purpureocillium lilacinum was isolated most frequently, appearing in five separate samples across all three substrates. Annulohypoxylon nitens, Ganoderma australe, Pyrrhoderma noxium, and Xylaria feejeensis were discovered and reported for the first time from the cave environment. This study provides additional data for further research on the mycoflora of Sabah's various ecosystems, especially limestone caves.

婆罗洲岛是全球生物多样性的热点。然而,它的石灰岩洞穴是其研究最少的生态系统之一。本文首次报道了婆罗洲东北部马代洞穴真菌种类的丰富度、多样性和丰度。通过机会性取样,收集了岩洞内环境样本(鸟粪、岩洞石和岩洞水)。采用稀释法分离真菌。利用ITS区形态特征和分子分析对分离菌株进行鉴定。共获得55个纯培养菌,包括子囊菌门和担子菌门8目15属32种。55株真菌中以子囊菌为主,占53株(96%)。在所有样品类型中,青霉菌占真菌丰度的47.1%以上。其中,曲霉(Aspergillus spp.)的出现率最高,除1个环境样品外,其余样品均有分离。紫丁香紫色毛霉是最常见的分离,出现在所有三种基质的五个单独的样品中。在洞穴环境中首次发现并报道了南灵芝、南灵芝、氧化红皮和费耶木。这项研究为进一步研究沙巴的各种生态系统,特别是石灰岩洞穴的菌群提供了额外的数据。
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引用次数: 4
Molecular virulence determinants of Magnaporthe oryzae: disease pathogenesis and recent interventions for disease management in rice plant. 水稻大孔霉的分子毒力决定因素:疾病发病机制和水稻病害管理的最新干预措施。
IF 4.2 2区 生物学 Q1 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-01-15 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2020.1868594
Lovely Gupta, Maansi Vermani, Simran Kaur Ahluwalia, Pooja Vijayaraghavan

Magnaporthe oryzae, causative agent of the rice blast disease, is a major concern for the loss in yield of rice crop across the globe. It is known for its characteristic melanised dome-shaped appressorium containing a dense melanin layer. The melanised layer is of considerable importance as it is required to generate turgor pressure for initiating peg formation, consequently rupturing the plant cuticle. Various virulence factors play an important role in the disease progression as well as pathogenesis of the fungus. Some of the proteins encoded by virulence genes are associated with signalling, secondary metabolism, protein deprivation, defence responses and conidiation. The purpose of this review is to describe various fungal virulence determinants and provide insights into the molecular mechanisms that are involved in progression of the disease. Besides, the recent molecular approaches being employed to combat the rice blast have also been elaborated.

稻瘟病病原稻瘟菌(Magnaporthe oryzae)是全球水稻作物减产的一个主要问题。它以其特有的黑化圆顶状附着胞而闻名,附着胞含有致密的黑色素层。黑化层是相当重要的,因为它需要产生膨胀压力来启动钉形成,从而破坏植物角质层。各种毒力因子在真菌的疾病进展和发病机制中起重要作用。毒力基因编码的一些蛋白质与信号传导、次生代谢、蛋白质剥夺、防御反应和分生有关。本综述的目的是描述各种真菌毒力决定因素,并提供深入了解参与疾病进展的分子机制。此外,还阐述了近年来防治稻瘟病的分子方法。
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引用次数: 9
Dual identities for various alcohols in two different yeasts. 两种不同酵母中不同醇的双重特性。
IF 4.2 2区 生物学 Q1 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-12-07 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2020.1837976
Nitin Mahendra Chauhan, S Mohan Karuppayil

Most of the yeast bypasses the developmental stage from simple unicellular yeast to elongated structure like hyphae. Regulation of this transition is governed by various quorum sensing and signalling molecules produced under different conditions of growth, that differ significantly, both physiologically and chemically. The evidence of fungal quorum sensing was uncovered ten years ago after the discovery of farnesol as first eukaryotic quorum sensing molecules in Candida albicans. In addition to farnesol, tyrosol was identified as second quorum sensing molecules in C. albicans controlling physiological activities. After the discovery of farnesol and tyrosol, regulation of morphogenesis through the production of chemical signalling molecules such as isoamyl alcohol, 2-phenylethyl alcohol, 1-dodecanol, E-nerolidol, etc. is reported in C. albicans. Some of the evidence suggests that the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae exhibits this type of regulation and the signals are regulated by aromatic alcohols which are the end product of amino acid metabolism. The effects of these molecules on morphogenesis are not similar in both yeasts, making comparisons hard. It is hypothesized that these signals works in microorganisms to derive a competitive advantage. Here, we present an example for utilization of competitive strategy by C. albicans and S. cerevisiae over other microorganisms.

大多数酵母菌都跳过了从简单的单细胞酵母到像菌丝一样的细长结构的发育阶段。这种转变的调节是由在不同生长条件下产生的各种群体感应和信号分子所控制的,这些分子在生理和化学上都有很大的不同。真菌群体感应的证据是十年前在白色念珠菌中发现法尼醇作为第一个真核群体感应分子后发现的。除法尼醇外,酪醇是白色念珠菌控制生理活动的第二群体感应分子。在发现法尼醇和酪醇之后,白色念珠菌通过产生异戊醇、2-苯乙醇、1-十二醇、e -神经醇等化学信号分子来调控形态发生。一些证据表明,出芽酵母酿酒酵母表现出这种类型的调节,信号是由芳香醇调节的,芳香醇是氨基酸代谢的最终产物。这些分子对形态发生的影响在两种酵母中并不相似,因此很难进行比较。据推测,这些信号在微生物中起作用,以获得竞争优势。在这里,我们提出了一个例子,利用竞争战略的白色念珠菌和酿酒葡萄球菌对其他微生物。
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引用次数: 8
Antioxidant, antimicrobial and neuroprotective effects of Octaviania asterosperma in vitro. 星形屋脊的体外抗氧化、抗菌和神经保护作用。
IF 4.2 2区 生物学 Q1 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-12-02 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2020.1816584
Mustafa Sevindik, Hasan Akgul, Zeliha Selamoglu, Nady Braidy

Octaviania asterosperma (hypogeous Basidiomycota) We investigated the phenolic composition, and antioxidant, antimicrobial and antigenotoxic effects of methanol extracts of fruiting bodies from Octaviania asterosperma. The total phenolic content (ppm) of O. asterosperma was found to be catechin (54.73 ± 4.68), epicatechin (123.90 ± 8.52), caffeic acid (4.23 ± 0.97), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (37.72 ± 3.84), cinnamic acid (58.07 ± 5.40), gallic acid (56.64 ± 6.39), clorogenic acid (80.76 ± 4.92) and coumaric acid (2.45 ± 0.15). The total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) were 3.410 ± 0.099 mmol/L, 7.548 ± 0.147 μmol/L and 0.221 ± 0.005 respectively. O. asterosperma showed some promising antimicrobial activity. The extract showed no genotoxic potential and attenuated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative DNA damage in neurons. Pre-treatment with O. asterosperma maintained mitochondrial function, reduced expression levels of cleaved-caspase-3 and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) when HT22 cells were exposed to pathophysiological concentrations of GLU (25 mM) and modulated protein kinase B (Akt), the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and the phosphotase and tensin homolog on chromosome ten (PTEN). O. asterosperma is an important food for the treatment or management of neurodegenerative disorders due to its phenolic content and potent antioxidant and anti-excitotoxic effects.

摘要研究了星形菌(Octaviania asterosperma)子实体甲醇提取物的酚类成分及其抗氧化、抑菌和抗基因毒性。茶籽总酚含量(ppm)为儿茶素(54.73±4.68)、表儿茶素(123.90±8.52)、咖啡酸(4.23±0.97)、对羟基苯甲酸(37.72±3.84)、肉桂酸(58.07±5.40)、没食子酸(56.64±6.39)、绿原酸(80.76±4.92)和香豆酸(2.45±0.15)。总抗氧化状态(TAS)、总氧化状态(TOS)和氧化应激指数(OSI)分别为3.410±0.099 mmol/L、7.548±0.147 μmol/L和0.221±0.005。星形孢子粉具有一定的抗菌活性。该提取物无遗传毒性,且能减轻过氧化氢(H2O2)诱导的神经元氧化性DNA损伤。当HT22细胞暴露于病理生理浓度的GLU (25 mM)和调节的蛋白激酶B (Akt)、哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶点(mTOR)以及10号染色体上的磷酸酶和紧张素同源物(PTEN)时,用O. asterosperma预处理可以维持线粒体功能,降低切割-caspase-3和凋亡诱导因子(AIF)的表达水平。由于其酚含量和有效的抗氧化和抗兴奋毒性作用,星形果是治疗或管理神经退行性疾病的重要食物。
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引用次数: 10
期刊
Mycology
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