Pub Date : 2024-10-04DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01099-x
John Okombo, David A. Fidock
Malaria, which is caused by infection of red blood cells with Plasmodium parasites, can be fatal in non-immune individuals if left untreated. The recent approval of the pre-erythrocytic vaccines RTS, S/AS01 and R21/Matrix-M has ushered in hope of substantial reductions in mortality rates, especially when combined with other existing interventions. However, the efficacy of these vaccines is partial, and chemotherapy remains central to malaria treatment and control. For many antimalarial drugs, clinical efficacy has been compromised by the emergence of drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new antimalarial medicines to complement the existing first-line artemisinin-based combination therapies. In this Review, we discuss various opportunities to expand the present malaria treatment space, appraise the current antimalarial drug development pipeline and highlight examples of promising targets. We also discuss other approaches to circumvent antimalarial resistance and how potency against drug-resistant parasites could be retained.
{"title":"Towards next-generation treatment options to combat Plasmodium falciparum malaria","authors":"John Okombo, David A. Fidock","doi":"10.1038/s41579-024-01099-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-024-01099-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Malaria, which is caused by infection of red blood cells with <i>Plasmodium</i> parasites, can be fatal in non-immune individuals if left untreated. The recent approval of the pre-erythrocytic vaccines RTS, S/AS01 and R21/Matrix-M has ushered in hope of substantial reductions in mortality rates, especially when combined with other existing interventions. However, the efficacy of these vaccines is partial, and chemotherapy remains central to malaria treatment and control. For many antimalarial drugs, clinical efficacy has been compromised by the emergence of drug-resistant <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> strains. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new antimalarial medicines to complement the existing first-line artemisinin-based combination therapies. In this Review, we discuss various opportunities to expand the present malaria treatment space, appraise the current antimalarial drug development pipeline and highlight examples of promising targets. We also discuss other approaches to circumvent antimalarial resistance and how potency against drug-resistant parasites could be retained.</p>","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":88.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142374127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-27DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01098-y
Hans-Curt Flemming, Eric D. van Hullebusch, Brenda J. Little, Thomas R. Neu, Per H. Nielsen, Thomas Seviour, Paul Stoodley, Jost Wingender, Stefan Wuertz
Microbial biofilms exhibit a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), including polysaccharides, proteins, extracellular DNA and lipids. EPS promote interactions of the biofilm with other cells and sorption of organics, metals and chemical pollutants, and they facilitate cell adhesion at interfaces and ensure matrix cohesion. EPS have roles in various natural environments, such as soils, sediments and marine habitats. In addition, EPS are relevant in technical environments, such as wastewater and drinking water treatment facilities, and water distribution systems, and they contribute to biofouling and microbially influenced corrosion. In medicine, EPS protect pathogens within the biofilm against the host immune system and antimicrobials, and emerging evidence suggests that EPS can represent potential virulence factors. By contrast, EPS yield a wide range of valuable products that include their role in self-repairing concrete. In this Review, we aim to explore EPS as a functional unit of biofilms in the environment, in technology and in medicine.
{"title":"Microbial extracellular polymeric substances in the environment, technology and medicine","authors":"Hans-Curt Flemming, Eric D. van Hullebusch, Brenda J. Little, Thomas R. Neu, Per H. Nielsen, Thomas Seviour, Paul Stoodley, Jost Wingender, Stefan Wuertz","doi":"10.1038/s41579-024-01098-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-024-01098-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Microbial biofilms exhibit a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), including polysaccharides, proteins, extracellular DNA and lipids. EPS promote interactions of the biofilm with other cells and sorption of organics, metals and chemical pollutants, and they facilitate cell adhesion at interfaces and ensure matrix cohesion. EPS have roles in various natural environments, such as soils, sediments and marine habitats. In addition, EPS are relevant in technical environments, such as wastewater and drinking water treatment facilities, and water distribution systems, and they contribute to biofouling and microbially influenced corrosion. In medicine, EPS protect pathogens within the biofilm against the host immune system and antimicrobials, and emerging evidence suggests that EPS can represent potential virulence factors. By contrast, EPS yield a wide range of valuable products that include their role in self-repairing concrete. In this Review, we aim to explore EPS as a functional unit of biofilms in the environment, in technology and in medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":88.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142321972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-20DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01114-1
Agustina Taglialegna
An increasing number of countries in Africa are reporting cases of mpox, prompting the World Health Organization to declare it a public health emergency of international concern.
越来越多的非洲国家报告了水痘病例，促使世界卫生组织宣布其为国际关注的突发公共卫生事件。
{"title":"The rising mpox crisis","authors":"Agustina Taglialegna","doi":"10.1038/s41579-024-01114-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-024-01114-1","url":null,"abstract":"An increasing number of countries in Africa are reporting cases of mpox, prompting the World Health Organization to declare it a public health emergency of international concern.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"22 11","pages":"668-668"},"PeriodicalIF":69.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142276036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-20DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01111-4
Janet K. Jansson
{"title":"Publisher Correction: Microorganisms, climate change, and the Sustainable Development Goals: progress and challenges","authors":"Janet K. Jansson","doi":"10.1038/s41579-024-01111-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-024-01111-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"22 11","pages":"736-736"},"PeriodicalIF":69.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41579-024-01111-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142291523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-20DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01113-2
Agustina Taglialegna
Nature Reviews Microbiology attended the 19th biennial meeting of the International Society for Microbial Ecology (ISME) in Cape Town, South Africa.
自然-微生物学评论》参加了在南非开普敦举行的第 19 届国际微生物生态学会（ISME）双年度会议。
{"title":"ISME19","authors":"Agustina Taglialegna","doi":"10.1038/s41579-024-01113-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-024-01113-2","url":null,"abstract":"Nature Reviews Microbiology attended the 19th biennial meeting of the International Society for Microbial Ecology (ISME) in Cape Town, South Africa.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"22 11","pages":"668-668"},"PeriodicalIF":69.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142276037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-13DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01080-8
Ursula Theuretzbacher
Antibacterial drug resistance is a critical global health issue that affects countries across all economic levels, though it disproportionately affects populations in low- and middle-income countries. Infection and resistance rates vary considerably, necessitating tailored interventions to meet the specific demands of each area. This underscores the need for global solidarity and national accountability in effectively addressing antibacterial drug resistance.
{"title":"Challenges and strategies for addressing antibacterial drug resistance in LMICs","authors":"Ursula Theuretzbacher","doi":"10.1038/s41579-024-01080-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-024-01080-8","url":null,"abstract":"Antibacterial drug resistance is a critical global health issue that affects countries across all economic levels, though it disproportionately affects populations in low- and middle-income countries. Infection and resistance rates vary considerably, necessitating tailored interventions to meet the specific demands of each area. This underscores the need for global solidarity and national accountability in effectively addressing antibacterial drug resistance.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"22 10","pages":"591-592"},"PeriodicalIF":69.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142174397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-13DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01089-z
As the United Nations convenes its second High-Level Meeting on antimicrobial resistance, urgent global action is needed. This Focus issue draws attention to pressing challenges of bacterial antimicrobial resistance and underscores the need for fast and coordinated international efforts.
{"title":"Stronger commitment and faster action against antimicrobial resistance","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41579-024-01089-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-024-01089-z","url":null,"abstract":"As the United Nations convenes its second High-Level Meeting on antimicrobial resistance, urgent global action is needed. This Focus issue draws attention to pressing challenges of bacterial antimicrobial resistance and underscores the need for fast and coordinated international efforts.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"22 10","pages":"589-590"},"PeriodicalIF":69.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41579-024-01089-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142174353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-13DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01083-5
Manica Balasegaram, Viviana Muñoz Tellez
Improving access to antibiotics will save lives and reduce the rise and spread of drug-resistant infections. Instead of traditional ‘last mile’ global health solutions, global leaders need to support efforts to develop suitable antibiotics and their rational use, ensuring that countries have the capacity to make them available.
{"title":"Achieving sustainable access to antibiotics is more than just a last mile challenge","authors":"Manica Balasegaram, Viviana Muñoz Tellez","doi":"10.1038/s41579-024-01083-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-024-01083-5","url":null,"abstract":"Improving access to antibiotics will save lives and reduce the rise and spread of drug-resistant infections. Instead of traditional ‘last mile’ global health solutions, global leaders need to support efforts to develop suitable antibiotics and their rational use, ensuring that countries have the capacity to make them available.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"22 10","pages":"593-594"},"PeriodicalIF":69.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142174335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-10DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01109-y
Andrea Du Toit
A new study reports sustained HIV remission in an individual who underwent allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation with cells from a donor with wild-type CCR5.
一项新的研究报告称，一名患者接受了异体造血干细胞移植，移植的细胞来自CCR5野生型的捐献者。
{"title":"No viral rebound","authors":"Andrea Du Toit","doi":"10.1038/s41579-024-01109-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-024-01109-y","url":null,"abstract":"A new study reports sustained HIV remission in an individual who underwent allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation with cells from a donor with wild-type CCR5.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"22 11","pages":"667-667"},"PeriodicalIF":69.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142160450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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