Pub Date : 2025-09-10DOI: 10.1038/s41579-025-01233-3
Rodney James, Laura Y. Hardefeldt, Courtney Ierano, Esmita Charani, Leslie Dowson, Sri Elkins, Karin Thursky
The global rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a profound threat to human, animal and environmental health. Although antimicrobials have revolutionized modern medicine, their overuse and misuse have accelerated AMR, necessitating urgent, multisectoral action. Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS), a set of coordinated strategies that promote responsible antimicrobial use, has emerged as a key intervention in managing AMR. In this Review, we explore AMS within a One Health framework, emphasizing interconnectedness across sectors. We examine clinical, economic, sociocultural and environmental drivers of antimicrobial use, highlighting disparities between high-income and low-income settings and identifying context-specific challenges to implementation. We also discuss the importance of governance, financing, digital innovation, surveillance and behavioural science in shaping sustainable AMS programmes, and we consider core components, such as policy integration, surveillance of appropriateness, and context-aware interventions. This Review ultimately advocates for equity-focused strategies that better account for structural barriers, support marginalized populations, and ensure global access to high-quality antimicrobials. By aligning political will, funding and scientific innovation, AMS programmes can be scaled effectively to preserve antimicrobial efficacy, mitigate AMR, improve health outcomes, and promote global health security. The paper concludes with key recommendations for embedding AMS across sectors as a sustainable response to AMR. In this Review, James, Thursky and colleagues explore strategies that promote the responsible use of antimicrobials from a One Health perspective, emphasizing the roles of data and surveillance, implementation barriers, sociocultural and behavioural drivers, digital innovation and the need for greater inclusion of the agricultural and environmental sectors. They also highlight disparities between high-income and low-income settings and identify context-specific challenges to implementation.
{"title":"Antimicrobial stewardship from a One Health perspective","authors":"Rodney James, Laura Y. Hardefeldt, Courtney Ierano, Esmita Charani, Leslie Dowson, Sri Elkins, Karin Thursky","doi":"10.1038/s41579-025-01233-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-025-01233-3","url":null,"abstract":"The global rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a profound threat to human, animal and environmental health. Although antimicrobials have revolutionized modern medicine, their overuse and misuse have accelerated AMR, necessitating urgent, multisectoral action. Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS), a set of coordinated strategies that promote responsible antimicrobial use, has emerged as a key intervention in managing AMR. In this Review, we explore AMS within a One Health framework, emphasizing interconnectedness across sectors. We examine clinical, economic, sociocultural and environmental drivers of antimicrobial use, highlighting disparities between high-income and low-income settings and identifying context-specific challenges to implementation. We also discuss the importance of governance, financing, digital innovation, surveillance and behavioural science in shaping sustainable AMS programmes, and we consider core components, such as policy integration, surveillance of appropriateness, and context-aware interventions. This Review ultimately advocates for equity-focused strategies that better account for structural barriers, support marginalized populations, and ensure global access to high-quality antimicrobials. By aligning political will, funding and scientific innovation, AMS programmes can be scaled effectively to preserve antimicrobial efficacy, mitigate AMR, improve health outcomes, and promote global health security. The paper concludes with key recommendations for embedding AMS across sectors as a sustainable response to AMR. In this Review, James, Thursky and colleagues explore strategies that promote the responsible use of antimicrobials from a One Health perspective, emphasizing the roles of data and surveillance, implementation barriers, sociocultural and behavioural drivers, digital innovation and the need for greater inclusion of the agricultural and environmental sectors. They also highlight disparities between high-income and low-income settings and identify context-specific challenges to implementation.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"24 2","pages":"146-162"},"PeriodicalIF":103.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145025500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-10DOI: 10.1038/s41579-025-01240-4
Shimona Starling
A study by Shi et al. uncovers uncharted diversity of potential pathogens and mobile antibiotic resistance genes in samples from wild mammals and non-traditional farmed mammals
{"title":"Cross-species transmission risks in farmed and wild mammals","authors":"Shimona Starling","doi":"10.1038/s41579-025-01240-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-025-01240-4","url":null,"abstract":"A study by Shi et al. uncovers uncharted diversity of potential pathogens and mobile antibiotic resistance genes in samples from wild mammals and non-traditional farmed mammals","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"23 11","pages":"682-682"},"PeriodicalIF":103.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145025499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-29DOI: 10.1038/s41579-025-01238-y
Julia Oh, Anita Y. Voigt
{"title":"Author Correction: The human skin microbiome: from metagenomes to therapeutics","authors":"Julia Oh, Anita Y. Voigt","doi":"10.1038/s41579-025-01238-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-025-01238-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"23 12","pages":"820-820"},"PeriodicalIF":103.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41579-025-01238-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144915663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-20DOI: 10.1038/s41579-025-01226-2
Joshua B. Parsons, Ahmad Mourad, Brian P. Conlon, Tammy Kielian, Vance G. Fowler Jr
Staphylococcus aureus is capable of infecting every organ system in the body and developing resistance to every available antibiotic used to treat it, such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (commonly referred to as MRSA). This pathogen is characterized by the sudden emergence of virulent new clones and an array of mechanisms to circumvent the immune system and antibiotics. Furthermore, despite the development of new antibiotics and a growing body of high-quality data to inform their use, S. aureus continues to be a leading bacterial cause of death worldwide. In this Review, we provide an overview of the basic research on the complex interplay between S. aureus, the host and antibiotics. We also provide an update on the contemporary clinical studies on the treatment and prevention of S. aureus. Staphylococcus aureus is an important cause of bacterial infection and death worldwide. This Review outlines basic research on S. aureus immune evasion mechanisms and antibiotic resistance, and clinical studies on treatment and prevention of infection.
{"title":"Methicillin-resistant and susceptible Staphylococcus aureus: tolerance, immune evasion and treatment","authors":"Joshua B. Parsons, Ahmad Mourad, Brian P. Conlon, Tammy Kielian, Vance G. Fowler Jr","doi":"10.1038/s41579-025-01226-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-025-01226-2","url":null,"abstract":"Staphylococcus aureus is capable of infecting every organ system in the body and developing resistance to every available antibiotic used to treat it, such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (commonly referred to as MRSA). This pathogen is characterized by the sudden emergence of virulent new clones and an array of mechanisms to circumvent the immune system and antibiotics. Furthermore, despite the development of new antibiotics and a growing body of high-quality data to inform their use, S. aureus continues to be a leading bacterial cause of death worldwide. In this Review, we provide an overview of the basic research on the complex interplay between S. aureus, the host and antibiotics. We also provide an update on the contemporary clinical studies on the treatment and prevention of S. aureus. Staphylococcus aureus is an important cause of bacterial infection and death worldwide. This Review outlines basic research on S. aureus immune evasion mechanisms and antibiotic resistance, and clinical studies on treatment and prevention of infection.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"24 2","pages":"127-145"},"PeriodicalIF":103.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144900361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-20DOI: 10.1038/s41579-025-01225-3
Pallavi Deol, Tanya A. Miura
Many heterologous viruses that infect the respiratory tract co-circulate within human populations. With the advent of multiplex diagnostic tests for respiratory viruses, there is increased appreciation of viral coinfection within an individual host. Thus, it is important to understand the interactions between heterologous respiratory viruses at the levels of populations, hosts and cells, as well as the impact of these interactions on pathogen prevalence and disease severity. In this Review, we summarize studies that demonstrate antagonistic or synergistic interactions between respiratory viruses, resulting in altered viral prevalence in populations, replication in hosts and cells, and disease severity in clinical cases and animal models. Understanding these interactions at a mechanistic level will affect future strategies to prevent and treat respiratory viral infections. In this Review, Deol and Miura explore our current understanding of respiratory viral coinfections, focusing on interactions within populations, individual hosts and host cells, and the effects of these interactions on disease severity in humans and animal models.
{"title":"Respiratory viral coinfections: interactions, mechanisms and clinical implications","authors":"Pallavi Deol, Tanya A. Miura","doi":"10.1038/s41579-025-01225-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-025-01225-3","url":null,"abstract":"Many heterologous viruses that infect the respiratory tract co-circulate within human populations. With the advent of multiplex diagnostic tests for respiratory viruses, there is increased appreciation of viral coinfection within an individual host. Thus, it is important to understand the interactions between heterologous respiratory viruses at the levels of populations, hosts and cells, as well as the impact of these interactions on pathogen prevalence and disease severity. In this Review, we summarize studies that demonstrate antagonistic or synergistic interactions between respiratory viruses, resulting in altered viral prevalence in populations, replication in hosts and cells, and disease severity in clinical cases and animal models. Understanding these interactions at a mechanistic level will affect future strategies to prevent and treat respiratory viral infections. In this Review, Deol and Miura explore our current understanding of respiratory viral coinfections, focusing on interactions within populations, individual hosts and host cells, and the effects of these interactions on disease severity in humans and animal models.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"23 12","pages":"757-770"},"PeriodicalIF":103.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144900366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-18DOI: 10.1038/s41579-025-01236-0
Shimona Starling
This study presents the microbiome inhabiting the wood of living trees.
本研究展示了栖息在活树木材中的微生物群。
{"title":"The wood microbiome inside living trees","authors":"Shimona Starling","doi":"10.1038/s41579-025-01236-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-025-01236-0","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents the microbiome inhabiting the wood of living trees.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"23 10","pages":"618-618"},"PeriodicalIF":103.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144874128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-15DOI: 10.1038/s41579-025-01230-6
Gitta Szabó
This Genome Watch article highlights recent discoveries on bacterial symbionts of predatory protists, and their evolutionary and functional integration into host biology.
{"title":"Protists and their symbiont feast","authors":"Gitta Szabó","doi":"10.1038/s41579-025-01230-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-025-01230-6","url":null,"abstract":"This Genome Watch article highlights recent discoveries on bacterial symbionts of predatory protists, and their evolutionary and functional integration into host biology.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"23 11","pages":"685-686"},"PeriodicalIF":103.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144851400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-13DOI: 10.1038/s41579-025-01223-5
Oscar Enrique Torres Montaguth, Sarah Buddle, Sofia Morfopoulou, Judith Breuer
Metagenomics is becoming more widely used for diagnosis of viral infections and surveillance of viruses. Its pathogen-agnostic approach makes metagenomics useful for unknown and novel infection diagnosis, outbreak investigation, and new and emerging pathogen surveillance. New metagenomics methods, such as the use of rapid sequencing technologies and approaches that can selectively enrich for a wide range of viruses, are expanding the range of clinical and public health scenarios in which metagenomics can be used. Following the COVID-19 pandemic, there is increasing interest in viral surveillance worldwide, using clinical samples, potential zoonotic reservoirs and environmental sources, such as wastewater. Validation and accreditation of metagenomics protocols to ensure quality, together with further innovation in methods, will be necessary to bring metagenomics into routine service in clinical and public health laboratories. Metagenomics approaches are being increasingly used for the diagnosis of viral infections, outbreak investigation, and new and emerging pathogen surveillance. This Review highlights sequencing approaches and technologies, discusses their applications in diagnostics, surveillance and virus discovery, and outlines future perspectives for the field.
{"title":"Clinical metagenomics for diagnosis and surveillance of viral pathogens","authors":"Oscar Enrique Torres Montaguth, Sarah Buddle, Sofia Morfopoulou, Judith Breuer","doi":"10.1038/s41579-025-01223-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-025-01223-5","url":null,"abstract":"Metagenomics is becoming more widely used for diagnosis of viral infections and surveillance of viruses. Its pathogen-agnostic approach makes metagenomics useful for unknown and novel infection diagnosis, outbreak investigation, and new and emerging pathogen surveillance. New metagenomics methods, such as the use of rapid sequencing technologies and approaches that can selectively enrich for a wide range of viruses, are expanding the range of clinical and public health scenarios in which metagenomics can be used. Following the COVID-19 pandemic, there is increasing interest in viral surveillance worldwide, using clinical samples, potential zoonotic reservoirs and environmental sources, such as wastewater. Validation and accreditation of metagenomics protocols to ensure quality, together with further innovation in methods, will be necessary to bring metagenomics into routine service in clinical and public health laboratories. Metagenomics approaches are being increasingly used for the diagnosis of viral infections, outbreak investigation, and new and emerging pathogen surveillance. This Review highlights sequencing approaches and technologies, discusses their applications in diagnostics, surveillance and virus discovery, and outlines future perspectives for the field.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"24 1","pages":"61-75"},"PeriodicalIF":103.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144825290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-13DOI: 10.1038/s41579-025-01231-5
Marion Koopmans
As anti-science sentiment intensifies — aggravated by the pandemic, driven in some parts of the world by political actors and amplified by social media — the scientific community finds itself under increasing scrutiny, and in some cases, even direct attack. In this World View, Marion Koopmans reflects on this anti-science trend from a perspective of a concerned scientist looking for solutions, arguing that we cannot stand by.
{"title":"Anti-science and the science community","authors":"Marion Koopmans","doi":"10.1038/s41579-025-01231-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-025-01231-5","url":null,"abstract":"As anti-science sentiment intensifies — aggravated by the pandemic, driven in some parts of the world by political actors and amplified by social media — the scientific community finds itself under increasing scrutiny, and in some cases, even direct attack. In this World View, Marion Koopmans reflects on this anti-science trend from a perspective of a concerned scientist looking for solutions, arguing that we cannot stand by.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"23 10","pages":"615-616"},"PeriodicalIF":103.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144840229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-12DOI: 10.1038/s41579-025-01232-4
Shimona Starling
New research by Cho et al. shows that structural variations in a glycolipid present on Gram-negative bacteria can modulate gut inflammatory responses.
Cho等人的新研究表明，革兰氏阴性菌中糖脂的结构变化可以调节肠道炎症反应。
{"title":"Commensal glycolipid structure shapes gut immunity","authors":"Shimona Starling","doi":"10.1038/s41579-025-01232-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-025-01232-4","url":null,"abstract":"New research by Cho et al. shows that structural variations in a glycolipid present on Gram-negative bacteria can modulate gut inflammatory responses.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"23 10","pages":"617-617"},"PeriodicalIF":103.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144819138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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