Pub Date : 2025-11-05DOI: 10.1038/s41579-025-01251-1
Scott Sugden, Christina L. Davis, Matthew W. Quinn, Lyle G. Whyte
{"title":"Current and projected effects of climate change in cryosphere microbial ecosystems","authors":"Scott Sugden, Christina L. Davis, Matthew W. Quinn, Lyle G. Whyte","doi":"10.1038/s41579-025-01251-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-025-01251-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":88.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145441129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-28DOI: 10.1038/s41579-025-01260-0
Andrea Du Toit
This study shows that sialokinin, which is a vasodilatory peptide that is expressed in the saliva of female Aedes aegypti, modulates immune responses and mitigates inflammation during chikungunya virus infection in mice.
{"title":"A soothing bite for chikungunya","authors":"Andrea Du Toit","doi":"10.1038/s41579-025-01260-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-025-01260-0","url":null,"abstract":"This study shows that sialokinin, which is a vasodilatory peptide that is expressed in the saliva of female Aedes aegypti, modulates immune responses and mitigates inflammation during chikungunya virus infection in mice.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"24 1","pages":"3-3"},"PeriodicalIF":103.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145381936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-28DOI: 10.1038/s41579-025-01261-z
Shimona Starling
This study assessed the ability of a replicating RNA vaccine expressing H5 haemagglutinin to protect cynomolgus macaques from lethal challenge with a clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza A H5N1 virus.
{"title":"A replicating RNA vaccine takes flight against H5N1","authors":"Shimona Starling","doi":"10.1038/s41579-025-01261-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-025-01261-z","url":null,"abstract":"This study assessed the ability of a replicating RNA vaccine expressing H5 haemagglutinin to protect cynomolgus macaques from lethal challenge with a clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza A H5N1 virus.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"24 1","pages":"3-3"},"PeriodicalIF":103.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145380917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-28DOI: 10.1038/s41579-025-01248-w
Yan Wang,Francine Govers,Yuanchao Wang
Oomycete plant pathogens are among the most serious global threats to crop production and food security, causing devastating diseases in a wide and diverse range of plant species. Best known are the Phytophthora species in the genus that includes the notorious Irish Potato Famine pathogen, Phytophthora infestans. In addition, the downy mildews are also notable plant destroyers. Oomycetes are eukaryotes that share several characteristics with fungi but evolved independently. Both have filamentous growth, form spores for reproduction and dispersal, have a global distribution, thrive in diverse environments as saprobes and pathogens, and share the top position as the most devastating plant pathogens worldwide. Since the late 1990s, in-depth research on oomycetes was boosted by access to genetic tools, advanced technology and genomic resources. Digging into the biology of oomycetes, deciphering their genomes and exploring their pathogenicity mechanisms have uncovered a treasure trove of novelties and peculiarities that opens avenues for tailor-made strategies for disease control.
{"title":"Oomycete plant pathogens: biology, pathogenesis and emerging control strategies.","authors":"Yan Wang,Francine Govers,Yuanchao Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41579-025-01248-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-025-01248-w","url":null,"abstract":"Oomycete plant pathogens are among the most serious global threats to crop production and food security, causing devastating diseases in a wide and diverse range of plant species. Best known are the Phytophthora species in the genus that includes the notorious Irish Potato Famine pathogen, Phytophthora infestans. In addition, the downy mildews are also notable plant destroyers. Oomycetes are eukaryotes that share several characteristics with fungi but evolved independently. Both have filamentous growth, form spores for reproduction and dispersal, have a global distribution, thrive in diverse environments as saprobes and pathogens, and share the top position as the most devastating plant pathogens worldwide. Since the late 1990s, in-depth research on oomycetes was boosted by access to genetic tools, advanced technology and genomic resources. Digging into the biology of oomycetes, deciphering their genomes and exploring their pathogenicity mechanisms have uncovered a treasure trove of novelties and peculiarities that opens avenues for tailor-made strategies for disease control.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":88.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145380916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-27DOI: 10.1038/s41579-025-01257-9
Shimona Starling
This study combines high-throughput RNA sequencing analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates with global population genomics to link diversity in gene expression with variants in genes encoding regulators.
{"title":"M. tuberculosis regulatory evolution levels up transmission and resistance","authors":"Shimona Starling","doi":"10.1038/s41579-025-01257-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-025-01257-9","url":null,"abstract":"This study combines high-throughput RNA sequencing analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates with global population genomics to link diversity in gene expression with variants in genes encoding regulators.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"23 12","pages":"754-754"},"PeriodicalIF":103.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145373841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-22DOI: 10.1038/s41579-025-01253-z
Uri Neri
This Genome Watch explores how a new antisense oligomer-based approach enables functional genomics of genetically intractable bacteriophages, revealing essential genes and infection mechanisms without requiring genetic modification.
{"title":"Licence to knockdown — the phage gene silencer","authors":"Uri Neri","doi":"10.1038/s41579-025-01253-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-025-01253-z","url":null,"abstract":"This Genome Watch explores how a new antisense oligomer-based approach enables functional genomics of genetically intractable bacteriophages, revealing essential genes and infection mechanisms without requiring genetic modification.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"23 12","pages":"756-756"},"PeriodicalIF":103.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145339434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-13DOI: 10.1038/s41579-025-01247-x
Charalampos Ntallis, Nathaniel I. Martin, Andrew M. Edwards, Markus Weingarth
The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria presents a critical threat to global health. These multidrug-resistant bacteria are often protected by complex cell envelopes that many antibiotics cannot penetrate, creating an important barrier to treatment. In response, targeting bacterial envelopes has long been recognized as an effective strategy, offering potential to bypass the challenges of drug entry and efflux resistance mechanisms. Moreover, many unique bacterial envelope sites remain clinically untapped, and new compounds directed at them have the potential to diversify the space of antimicrobial mechanisms, lowering the risk for cross-resistance. Compounds that target non-proteinaceous envelope components, such as lipopolysaccharide or prenylated peptidoglycan-precursors, are particularly attractive owing to their reduced susceptibility to antimicrobial resistance development. In this Review, we explore both recently discovered compounds and established envelope-targeting antibiotics, including compounds that target Gram-positive bacteria, more complex Gram-negative bacteria and mycobacterial pathogens, shedding light on this still clinically underexplored and vital therapeutic approach. In this Review, Weingarth and colleagues discuss both recently discovered compounds and established envelope-targeting antibiotics, including compounds that target Gram-positive bacteria, more complex Gram-negative bacteria and mycobacterial pathogens, with a particular focus on their drug–target interactions.
{"title":"Bacterial cell envelope-targeting antibiotics","authors":"Charalampos Ntallis, Nathaniel I. Martin, Andrew M. Edwards, Markus Weingarth","doi":"10.1038/s41579-025-01247-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-025-01247-x","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria presents a critical threat to global health. These multidrug-resistant bacteria are often protected by complex cell envelopes that many antibiotics cannot penetrate, creating an important barrier to treatment. In response, targeting bacterial envelopes has long been recognized as an effective strategy, offering potential to bypass the challenges of drug entry and efflux resistance mechanisms. Moreover, many unique bacterial envelope sites remain clinically untapped, and new compounds directed at them have the potential to diversify the space of antimicrobial mechanisms, lowering the risk for cross-resistance. Compounds that target non-proteinaceous envelope components, such as lipopolysaccharide or prenylated peptidoglycan-precursors, are particularly attractive owing to their reduced susceptibility to antimicrobial resistance development. In this Review, we explore both recently discovered compounds and established envelope-targeting antibiotics, including compounds that target Gram-positive bacteria, more complex Gram-negative bacteria and mycobacterial pathogens, shedding light on this still clinically underexplored and vital therapeutic approach. In this Review, Weingarth and colleagues discuss both recently discovered compounds and established envelope-targeting antibiotics, including compounds that target Gram-positive bacteria, more complex Gram-negative bacteria and mycobacterial pathogens, with a particular focus on their drug–target interactions.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"24 3","pages":"183-196"},"PeriodicalIF":103.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145286605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-08DOI: 10.1038/s41579-025-01252-0
Andrea Du Toit
This study shows that metabolic inactivity confers tolerance against polymyxin antibiotics and proposes a model for polymyxin-mediated killing of metabolically active bacterial cells.
{"title":"Energizing antibiotic killing","authors":"Andrea Du Toit","doi":"10.1038/s41579-025-01252-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-025-01252-0","url":null,"abstract":"This study shows that metabolic inactivity confers tolerance against polymyxin antibiotics and proposes a model for polymyxin-mediated killing of metabolically active bacterial cells.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"23 12","pages":"753-753"},"PeriodicalIF":103.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145251969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-03DOI: 10.1038/s41579-025-01243-1
Reina S. Sikkema, Marion Koopmans
The risk of viral pathogen transmission between humans and animals (spillover events) and subsequent spread has been increasing due to human impacts on the planet, which lead to changes in the interactions between humans, animals, ecosystems and their pathogens. Key factors (drivers) that increase the risk of disease emergence include climate change, urbanization, land-use changes and global travel, all of which can alter human–animal–environment interactions and increase the likelihood of zoonotic spillovers and vector-borne diseases. Incorporating data on these drivers (such as ecological shifts and patterns of animal movement) into disease surveillance systems can help identify hot spots for disease emergence, which could in theory enable earlier detection of outbreaks and, in turn, increase the effectiveness of intervention strategies. A One Health approach, emphasizing the interconnectedness of human, animal and environmental health, is advocated for addressing these complex challenges. Although conceptually clear and widely endorsed, implementation of One Health approaches towards primary prevention of spillovers is extremely challenging. Here, we summarize current knowledge on disease emergence and its drivers, and discuss how this knowledge could be used towards primary prevention and for the development of risk-targeted One Health early warning surveillance. We consider integrating innovative tools for diagnostics, surveillance and virus characterization, and propose an outlook towards more integrated prevention, early warning and control of emerging infections at the human–animal interface. In this Review, Sikkema and Koopmans examine the drivers of viral emergence and how these insights could inform prevention strategies and the development of risk-targeted One Health early warning surveillance. They discuss tools for diagnostics, surveillance and virus characterization, and propose strengthening integrated One Health strategies for early warning, prevention and control of emerging infections at the human–animal interface.
{"title":"Viral emergence and pandemic preparedness in a One Health framework","authors":"Reina S. Sikkema, Marion Koopmans","doi":"10.1038/s41579-025-01243-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-025-01243-1","url":null,"abstract":"The risk of viral pathogen transmission between humans and animals (spillover events) and subsequent spread has been increasing due to human impacts on the planet, which lead to changes in the interactions between humans, animals, ecosystems and their pathogens. Key factors (drivers) that increase the risk of disease emergence include climate change, urbanization, land-use changes and global travel, all of which can alter human–animal–environment interactions and increase the likelihood of zoonotic spillovers and vector-borne diseases. Incorporating data on these drivers (such as ecological shifts and patterns of animal movement) into disease surveillance systems can help identify hot spots for disease emergence, which could in theory enable earlier detection of outbreaks and, in turn, increase the effectiveness of intervention strategies. A One Health approach, emphasizing the interconnectedness of human, animal and environmental health, is advocated for addressing these complex challenges. Although conceptually clear and widely endorsed, implementation of One Health approaches towards primary prevention of spillovers is extremely challenging. Here, we summarize current knowledge on disease emergence and its drivers, and discuss how this knowledge could be used towards primary prevention and for the development of risk-targeted One Health early warning surveillance. We consider integrating innovative tools for diagnostics, surveillance and virus characterization, and propose an outlook towards more integrated prevention, early warning and control of emerging infections at the human–animal interface. In this Review, Sikkema and Koopmans examine the drivers of viral emergence and how these insights could inform prevention strategies and the development of risk-targeted One Health early warning surveillance. They discuss tools for diagnostics, surveillance and virus characterization, and propose strengthening integrated One Health strategies for early warning, prevention and control of emerging infections at the human–animal interface.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"24 1","pages":"29-44"},"PeriodicalIF":103.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41579-025-01243-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145215945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-02DOI: 10.1038/s41579-025-01249-9
Andrea Du Toit
This study reports the identification of cell-surface low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8 (LRP8) as the crucial host factor that mediates tick-borne encephalitis virus entry and infection.
{"title":"How tick-borne encephalitis virus gains entry","authors":"Andrea Du Toit","doi":"10.1038/s41579-025-01249-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-025-01249-9","url":null,"abstract":"This study reports the identification of cell-surface low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8 (LRP8) as the crucial host factor that mediates tick-borne encephalitis virus entry and infection.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"23 12","pages":"753-753"},"PeriodicalIF":103.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145209325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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