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Illuminating the deaf experience at STEM conferences 在科学、技术、工程和数学会议上点亮聋人的体验。
IF 38.1 1区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00639-6
Anna M. Kasper, Victoria A. Popov, Sara K. Blick-Nitko, Kameron B. Kinast, Kat Womack, Nikki D. Cherry
Deaf professionals experience inequitable access at conferences, but conference hosts can learn to recognize and understand the contributing barriers. Establishing clear accessibility protocols can enhance organizational success and ensure a successful conference.
聋人专业人士在参加会议时会遇到不公平的无障碍环境,但会议主办方可以学会识别和了解造成这种环境的障碍。制定明确的无障碍协议可以提高组织的成功率,确保会议取得圆满成功。
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引用次数: 0
Visible and near-infrared light-induced photoclick reactions 可见光和近红外线诱发的光点击反应。
IF 38.1 1区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00633-y
Youxin Fu, Nadja A. Simeth, Wiktor Szymanski, Ben L. Feringa
Photoclick reactions combine the advantages offered by light-driven processes, that is, non-invasive and high spatiotemporal control, with classical click chemistry and have found applications ranging from surface functionalization, polymer conjugation, photocrosslinking, protein labelling and bioimaging. Despite these advances, most photoclick reactions typically require near-ultraviolet (UV) and mid-UV light to proceed. UV light can trigger undesirable responses, including cellular apoptosis, and therefore, visible and near-infrared light-induced photoclick reaction systems are highly desirable. Shifting to a longer wavelength can also reduce degradation of the photoclick reagents and products. Several strategies have been used to induce a bathochromic shift in the wavelength of irradiation-initiating photoclick reactions. For instance, the extension of the conjugated π-system, triplet–triplet energy transfer, multi-photon excitation, upconversion technology, photocatalytic and photoinitiation approaches, and designs involving photocages have all been used to achieve this goal. Current design strategies, recent advances and the outlook for long wavelength-driven photoclick reactions are presented. Photoclick reactions have found applications ranging from surface functionalization and polymer crosslinking to protein labelling and bioimaging, but they typically require near-UV and mid-UV light to proceed. This Review presents and discusses strategies and recent advances for long wavelength-driven photoclick reactions.
光猝灭反应将光驱动过程所具有的无创、高时空控制等优势与经典的点击化学相结合,其应用范围包括表面功能化、聚合物共轭、光交联、蛋白质标记和生物成像。尽管取得了这些进步,但大多数光点击反应通常需要近紫外(UV)和中紫外光才能进行。紫外线会引发不良反应,包括细胞凋亡,因此,可见光和近红外线诱导的光致脆化反应系统非常理想。改用更长的波长还能减少光致脆化试剂和产物的降解。有几种方法可以诱导辐照引发的光致猝灭反应的波长发生浴色偏移。例如,共轭π系统的扩展、三重-三重能量转移、多光子激发、上转换技术、光催化和光引发方法,以及涉及光电笼的设计都被用来实现这一目标。本文介绍了当前的设计策略、最新进展以及长波长驱动光致脆化反应的前景。
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引用次数: 0
Off to the copper races 铜矿赛跑
IF 38.1 1区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00636-9
Sapana Jadoun
Sapana Jadoun explains how metals can be extracted from, for example, mining and electronic waste with her purpose-built solar raceway pond reactor for use in sunny locations such as the Atacama Desert.
萨帕娜-贾杜恩(Sapana Jadoun)解释了如何利用她专门建造的太阳能槽池反应器从采矿和电子废物等中提取金属,该反应器可在阿塔卡马沙漠等阳光充足的地方使用。
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引用次数: 0
Ions go in and new phases appear 离子进入,新的阶段出现。
IF 38.1 1区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00637-8
Ruijie Yang, Zheng Li, Yingying Fan
Li-ion intercalation often induces phase changes in transition metal dichalcogenides, but only the transition of 2H-to-1T/1T'' in MoS2 is well-known. Here, researchers report emerging phase transitions in 1T''-MoTe2, leading to the discovery of two new electronic phases.
锂离子插层通常会诱导过渡金属二钴化物发生相变,但只有 MoS2 中 2H 到 1T/1T'' 的转变是众所周知的。在此,研究人员报告了 1T''-MoTe2 中新出现的相变,从而发现了两种新的电子相。
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引用次数: 0
The dawn of solar ethylene 太阳能乙烯的曙光
IF 38.1 1区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00632-z
Mohammad Z. Rahman
In the quest for green ethylene production, perovskite oxides show promise as photocatalysts able to strip hydrogen from ethane and generate ethylene with solar energy.
在寻求绿色乙烯生产的过程中,过氧化物氧化物显示出作为光催化剂的前景,它能够利用太阳能从乙烷中剥离氢气并生成乙烯。
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引用次数: 0
Origins of non-ideal behaviour in voltammetric analysis of redox-active monolayers 氧化还原活性单层膜伏安分析非理想行为的起源。
IF 38.1 1区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00629-8
Brittany L. Huffman, Alexandria R. C. Bredar, Jillian L. Dempsey
Disorder in redox-active monolayers convolutes electrochemical characterization. This disorder can come from pinhole defects, loose packing, heterogeneous distribution of redox-active headgroups, and lateral interactions between immobilized redox-active molecules. Identifying the source of non-ideal behaviour in cyclic voltammograms can be challenging as different types of disorder often cause similar non-ideal cyclic voltammetry behaviour such as peak broadening, large peak-to-peak separation, peak asymmetry and multiple peaks for single redox processes. This Review provides an overview of ideal voltammetric behaviour for redox-active monolayers, common manifestations of disorder on voltammetric responses, common experimental parameters that can be varied to interrogate sources of disorder, and finally, examples of different types of disorder and how they impact electrochemical responses. Disorder in redox-active monolayers arising from pinhole defects, loose packing, heterogeneous distribution of redox-active headgroups, and lateral interactions between immobilized redox-active molecules can cause non-ideal cyclic voltammetry behaviour.
氧化还原活性单层中的无序状态会影响电化学表征。这种紊乱可能来自针孔缺陷、松散堆积、氧化还原活性头基的异质分布以及固定氧化还原活性分子之间的横向相互作用。在循环伏安图中识别非理想行为的来源可能具有挑战性,因为不同类型的无序通常会导致类似的非理想循环伏安行为,如峰值展宽、较大的峰间分离、峰值不对称和单一氧化还原过程的多峰。本综述概述了氧化还原活性单层的理想伏安行为、无序对伏安响应的常见表现、可通过改变常见实验参数来探究无序来源,最后举例说明了不同类型的无序及其对电化学响应的影响。
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引用次数: 0
The astrochemical evolutionary traits of phospholipid membrane homochirality 磷脂膜同色性的天体化学进化特征。
IF 38.1 1区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00627-w
Jana Bocková, Nykola C. Jones, Søren V. Hoffmann, Cornelia Meinert
Compartmentalization is crucial for the evolution of life. Present-day phospholipid membranes exhibit a high level of complexity and species-dependent homochirality, the so-called lipid divide. It is possible that less stable, yet more dynamic systems, promoting out-of-equilibrium environments, facilitated the evolution of life at its early stages. The composition of the preceding primitive membranes and the evolutionary route towards complexity and homochirality remain unexplained. Organics-rich carbonaceous chondrites are evidence of the ample diversity of interstellar chemistry, which may have enriched the prebiotic milieu on early Earth. This Review evaluates the detections of simple amphiphiles — likely ancestors of membrane phospholipids — in extraterrestrial samples and analogues, along with potential pathways to form primitive compartments on primeval Earth. The chiroptical properties of the chiral backbones of phospholipids provide a guide for future investigations into the origins of phospholipid membrane homochirality. We highlight a plausible common pathway towards homochirality of lipids, amino acids, and sugars starting from enantioenriched monomers. Finally, given their high recalcitrance and resistance to degradation, lipids are among the best candidate biomarkers in exobiology. Compartmentalization is crucial for life’s evolution. Yet, the origin of modern phospholipid membranes and their species-dependent homochirality remains unknown. Amphiphile detection in extraterrestrial samples suggests diverse interstellar chemistry, enriching Earth’s prebiotic chemistry with vital membrane precursors. Moreover, chiroptical properties guide research into membrane homochirality origins.
区隔化对生命进化至关重要。当今的磷脂膜表现出高度的复杂性和依赖物种的同源性,即所谓的脂质分裂。在生命进化的早期阶段,不那么稳定但更具活力的系统有可能促进失衡环境的形成。之前原始膜的组成以及向复杂性和同色性进化的路线仍未得到解释。富含有机物的碳质软玉是星际化学丰富多样的证据,可能丰富了早期地球的前生物环境。本综述评估了在地外样本和类似物中检测到的简单两亲物--可能是膜磷脂的祖先--以及在原始地球上形成原始分区的潜在途径。磷脂手性骨架的自旋特性为未来研究磷脂膜同手性的起源提供了指导。我们强调了从对映体丰富的单体开始,实现脂类、氨基酸和糖类同色性的一条可信的共同途径。最后,鉴于脂质具有高度的抗逆性和抗降解性,它们是外生物学中最佳的候选生物标记物之一。
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引用次数: 0
Monitoring a planetary resource under threat 监测受到威胁的地球资源
IF 38.1 1区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00631-0
Dan E. Angelescu
Understanding our water supplies is vital for our health and wellbeing. While traditional water quality analyses require a slow and costly approach, Fluidion deploys automated chemical and microbiological monitoring in areas with impaired drinking water and at the Seine River 2024 Paris Olympics site, enhancing public health and environmental protection.
了解我们的供水情况对我们的健康和福祉至关重要。传统的水质分析需要缓慢而昂贵的方法,而 Fluidion 则在饮用水受损地区和 2024 年巴黎奥林匹克运动会的塞纳河畔部署了自动化学和微生物监测,从而提高了公众健康和环境保护水平。
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引用次数: 0
Three-dimensional saturated C(sp3)-rich bioisosteres for benzene 富含 C(sp3)的三维饱和苯生物异构体
IF 38.1 1区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00623-0
Jet Tsien, Chao Hu, Rohan R. Merchant, Tian Qin
Benzenes, the most ubiquitous structural moiety in marketed small-molecule drugs, are frequently associated with poor ‘drug-like’ properties, including metabolic instability, and poor aqueous solubility. In an effort to overcome these limitations, recent developments in medicinal chemistry have demonstrated the improved physicochemical profiles of C(sp3)-rich bioisosteric scaffolds relative to arenes. In the past two decades, we have witnessed an exponential increase in synthetic methods for accessing saturated bioisosteres of monosubstituted and para-substituted benzenes. However, until recent discoveries, analogous three-dimensional ortho-substituted and meta-substituted biososteres have remained underexplored, owing to their ring strain and increased s-character hybridization. This Review summarizes the emerging synthetic methodologies to access such saturated motifs and their impact on the application of bioisosteres for ortho-substituted, meta-substituted and multi-substituted benzene rings. It concludes with a perspective on the development of next-generation bioisosteres, including those within novel chemical space. In this Review, synthetic approaches to polycyclic scaffolds, which can act as saturated, three-dimensional bioisosteric replacements of ortho-substituted, meta-substituted and multi-substituted benzenes, are discussed. Their application in medicinal chemistry is also summarized.
苯系物是市场上小分子药物中最常见的结构分子,但其 "类药物 "特性往往较差,包括代谢不稳定和水溶性差。为了克服这些局限性,药物化学的最新发展表明,富含 C(sp3)的生物异构支架的理化特性比烷烃更好。在过去二十年中,我们见证了获得单取代苯和对取代苯饱和生物异构体的合成方法呈指数级增长。然而,直到最近的发现,类似的三维正取代和元取代生物异构体由于其环应变和更多的 s 字符杂化,仍未得到充分探索。本综述总结了获取此类饱和基团的新兴合成方法及其对正取代、元取代和多取代苯环生物异构体应用的影响。综述最后展望了下一代生物异构体的发展,包括新型化学空间内的生物异构体。
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引用次数: 0
Manipulating disorder within cathodes of alkali-ion batteries 操纵碱性离子电池阴极内的无序状态
IF 38.1 1区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00622-1
Seongkoo Kang, Suwon Lee, Hakwoo Lee, Yong-Mook Kang
The fact that ordered materials are rarely perfectly crystalline is widely acknowledged among materials scientists, but its impact is often overlooked or underestimated when studying how structure relates to properties. Various investigations demonstrate that intrinsic and extrinsic defects, and disorder generated by physicochemical reactions, are responsible for unexpectedly detrimental or beneficial functionalities. The task remains to modulate the disorder to produce desired properties in materials. As disorder is often correlated with local interactions, it is controllable. In this Review, we explore the structural disorder in cathode materials as a novel approach for improving their electrochemical performance. We revisit cathode materials for alkali-ion batteries and outline the origins and beneficial consequences of disorder. Focusing on layered, cubic rocksalt and other metal oxides, we discuss how disorder improves electrochemical properties of cathode materials and which interactions generate the disorder. We also present the potential pitfalls of disorder that must be considered. We conclude with perspectives for enhancing the electrochemical performance of cathode materials by using disorder. Disorder can be used as a design parameter to improve the electrochemical performance of cathode materials. In this Review, the advantages of disorder engineering are highlighted by revisiting cathode materials and the chemical interactions that lead to different types of disorder.
材料科学家普遍承认,有序材料很少是完美结晶的,但在研究结构与性能的关系时,其影响往往被忽视或低估。各种研究表明,内在和外在缺陷,以及物理化学反应产生的无序性,是产生意想不到的有害或有益功能的原因。目前的任务仍然是调节无序状态,使材料产生所需的特性。由于无序通常与局部相互作用相关,因此是可控的。在本综述中,我们将探讨阴极材料中的结构无序性,以此作为改善其电化学性能的一种新方法。我们重新审视了碱性离子电池的阴极材料,并概述了无序的起源和有益后果。我们以层状、立方岩盐和其他金属氧化物为重点,讨论了无序状态如何改善阴极材料的电化学性能,以及产生无序状态的相互作用。我们还介绍了必须考虑的无序的潜在隐患。最后,我们展望了利用无序性提高阴极材料电化学性能的前景。
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引用次数: 0
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Nature reviews. Chemistry
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