Pub Date : 2024-08-22DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00641-y
Nikolas Kaltsoyannis, Andrew Kerridge
One of the most intensely studied areas of f-block chemistry is the nature of the bonds between the f-element and another species, and in particular the role played by covalency. Computational quantum chemical methods have been at the forefront of this research for decades and have a particularly valuable role, given the radioactivity of the actinide series. The very strong agreement that has recently emerged between theory and the results of a range of spectroscopic techniques not only facilitates deeper insight into the experimental data, but it also provides confidence in the conclusions from the computational studies. These synergies are shining new light on the nature of the f element–other element bond. We describe recent advances in the understanding of covalency in the f element–other element bond through the synergistic application of computational quantum chemistry with nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray spectroscopies.
f 嵌段化学研究最深入的领域之一是 f 元素与另一种物质之间的键的性质，特别是共价作用。几十年来，计算量子化学方法一直处于这一研究的前沿，鉴于锕系元素的放射性，这种方法的作用尤为重要。最近，理论与一系列光谱技术的结果之间出现了很强的一致性，这不仅有助于深入了解实验数据，还为计算研究的结论提供了信心。这些协同作用正在揭示 f 元素与其他元素键的本质。
{"title":"Understanding covalency in molecular f-block compounds from the synergy of spectroscopy and quantum chemistry","authors":"Nikolas Kaltsoyannis, Andrew Kerridge","doi":"10.1038/s41570-024-00641-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41570-024-00641-y","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most intensely studied areas of f-block chemistry is the nature of the bonds between the f-element and another species, and in particular the role played by covalency. Computational quantum chemical methods have been at the forefront of this research for decades and have a particularly valuable role, given the radioactivity of the actinide series. The very strong agreement that has recently emerged between theory and the results of a range of spectroscopic techniques not only facilitates deeper insight into the experimental data, but it also provides confidence in the conclusions from the computational studies. These synergies are shining new light on the nature of the f element–other element bond. We describe recent advances in the understanding of covalency in the f element–other element bond through the synergistic application of computational quantum chemistry with nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray spectroscopies.","PeriodicalId":18849,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews. Chemistry","volume":"8 9","pages":"701-712"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142022275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-19DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00643-w
Subhajit Dutta
Okra505 is a new green-fluorescent photostable RNA aptamer that enables mRNA dynamics to be visualized in live cellular processes, outperforming established fluorescent RNA visualization tools.
{"title":"Watching RNA in action with a green lantern","authors":"Subhajit Dutta","doi":"10.1038/s41570-024-00643-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41570-024-00643-w","url":null,"abstract":"Okra505 is a new green-fluorescent photostable RNA aptamer that enables mRNA dynamics to be visualized in live cellular processes, outperforming established fluorescent RNA visualization tools.","PeriodicalId":18849,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews. Chemistry","volume":"8 9","pages":"651-651"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142004849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-12DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00635-w
Brent S. Visser, Wojciech P. Lipiński, Evan Spruijt
There is an increasing amount of evidence that biomolecular condensates are linked to neurodegenerative diseases associated with protein aggregation, such as Alzheimer’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, although the mechanisms underlying this link remain elusive. In this Review, we summarize the possible connections between condensates and protein aggregation. We consider both liquid-to-solid transitions of phase-separated proteins and the partitioning of proteins into host condensates. We distinguish five key factors by which the physical and chemical environment of a condensate can influence protein aggregation, and we discuss their relevance in studies of protein aggregation in the presence of biomolecular condensates: increasing the local concentration of proteins, providing a distinct chemical microenvironment, introducing an interface wherein proteins can localize, changing the energy landscape of aggregation pathways, and the presence of chaperones in condensates. Analysing the role of biomolecular condensates in protein aggregation may be essential for a full understanding of amyloid formation and offers a new perspective that can help in developing new therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Biomolecular condensates help organize cell components under normal conditions but can also be involved in pathological protein aggregation when condensate proteins carry mutations or under stress conditions. This Review discusses the possible mechanisms behind such aggregation processes that potentially lead to neurodegenerative diseases.
{"title":"The role of biomolecular condensates in protein aggregation","authors":"Brent S. Visser, Wojciech P. Lipiński, Evan Spruijt","doi":"10.1038/s41570-024-00635-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41570-024-00635-w","url":null,"abstract":"There is an increasing amount of evidence that biomolecular condensates are linked to neurodegenerative diseases associated with protein aggregation, such as Alzheimer’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, although the mechanisms underlying this link remain elusive. In this Review, we summarize the possible connections between condensates and protein aggregation. We consider both liquid-to-solid transitions of phase-separated proteins and the partitioning of proteins into host condensates. We distinguish five key factors by which the physical and chemical environment of a condensate can influence protein aggregation, and we discuss their relevance in studies of protein aggregation in the presence of biomolecular condensates: increasing the local concentration of proteins, providing a distinct chemical microenvironment, introducing an interface wherein proteins can localize, changing the energy landscape of aggregation pathways, and the presence of chaperones in condensates. Analysing the role of biomolecular condensates in protein aggregation may be essential for a full understanding of amyloid formation and offers a new perspective that can help in developing new therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Biomolecular condensates help organize cell components under normal conditions but can also be involved in pathological protein aggregation when condensate proteins carry mutations or under stress conditions. This Review discusses the possible mechanisms behind such aggregation processes that potentially lead to neurodegenerative diseases.","PeriodicalId":18849,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews. Chemistry","volume":"8 9","pages":"686-700"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141971451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stemming the scientific brain drain in Nepal","authors":"Sushila Maharjan, Stephanie Greed","doi":"10.1038/s41570-024-00638-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41570-024-00638-7","url":null,"abstract":"Sushila Maharjan is a biochemist and bioengineer and co-founder of Nepal’s Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology (RIBB).","PeriodicalId":18849,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews. Chemistry","volume":"8 9","pages":"647-648"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141907035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00639-6
Anna M. Kasper, Victoria A. Popov, Sara K. Blick-Nitko, Kameron B. Kinast, Kat Womack, Nikki D. Cherry
Deaf professionals experience inequitable access at conferences, but conference hosts can learn to recognize and understand the contributing barriers. Establishing clear accessibility protocols can enhance organizational success and ensure a successful conference.
{"title":"Illuminating the deaf experience at STEM conferences","authors":"Anna M. Kasper, Victoria A. Popov, Sara K. Blick-Nitko, Kameron B. Kinast, Kat Womack, Nikki D. Cherry","doi":"10.1038/s41570-024-00639-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41570-024-00639-6","url":null,"abstract":"Deaf professionals experience inequitable access at conferences, but conference hosts can learn to recognize and understand the contributing barriers. Establishing clear accessibility protocols can enhance organizational success and ensure a successful conference.","PeriodicalId":18849,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews. Chemistry","volume":"8 9","pages":"645-646"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141907034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-07DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00633-y
Youxin Fu, Nadja A. Simeth, Wiktor Szymanski, Ben L. Feringa
Photoclick reactions combine the advantages offered by light-driven processes, that is, non-invasive and high spatiotemporal control, with classical click chemistry and have found applications ranging from surface functionalization, polymer conjugation, photocrosslinking, protein labelling and bioimaging. Despite these advances, most photoclick reactions typically require near-ultraviolet (UV) and mid-UV light to proceed. UV light can trigger undesirable responses, including cellular apoptosis, and therefore, visible and near-infrared light-induced photoclick reaction systems are highly desirable. Shifting to a longer wavelength can also reduce degradation of the photoclick reagents and products. Several strategies have been used to induce a bathochromic shift in the wavelength of irradiation-initiating photoclick reactions. For instance, the extension of the conjugated π-system, triplet–triplet energy transfer, multi-photon excitation, upconversion technology, photocatalytic and photoinitiation approaches, and designs involving photocages have all been used to achieve this goal. Current design strategies, recent advances and the outlook for long wavelength-driven photoclick reactions are presented. Photoclick reactions have found applications ranging from surface functionalization and polymer crosslinking to protein labelling and bioimaging, but they typically require near-UV and mid-UV light to proceed. This Review presents and discusses strategies and recent advances for long wavelength-driven photoclick reactions.
{"title":"Visible and near-infrared light-induced photoclick reactions","authors":"Youxin Fu, Nadja A. Simeth, Wiktor Szymanski, Ben L. Feringa","doi":"10.1038/s41570-024-00633-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41570-024-00633-y","url":null,"abstract":"Photoclick reactions combine the advantages offered by light-driven processes, that is, non-invasive and high spatiotemporal control, with classical click chemistry and have found applications ranging from surface functionalization, polymer conjugation, photocrosslinking, protein labelling and bioimaging. Despite these advances, most photoclick reactions typically require near-ultraviolet (UV) and mid-UV light to proceed. UV light can trigger undesirable responses, including cellular apoptosis, and therefore, visible and near-infrared light-induced photoclick reaction systems are highly desirable. Shifting to a longer wavelength can also reduce degradation of the photoclick reagents and products. Several strategies have been used to induce a bathochromic shift in the wavelength of irradiation-initiating photoclick reactions. For instance, the extension of the conjugated π-system, triplet–triplet energy transfer, multi-photon excitation, upconversion technology, photocatalytic and photoinitiation approaches, and designs involving photocages have all been used to achieve this goal. Current design strategies, recent advances and the outlook for long wavelength-driven photoclick reactions are presented. Photoclick reactions have found applications ranging from surface functionalization and polymer crosslinking to protein labelling and bioimaging, but they typically require near-UV and mid-UV light to proceed. This Review presents and discusses strategies and recent advances for long wavelength-driven photoclick reactions.","PeriodicalId":18849,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews. Chemistry","volume":"8 9","pages":"665-685"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141902411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00636-9
Sapana Jadoun
Sapana Jadoun explains how metals can be extracted from, for example, mining and electronic waste with her purpose-built solar raceway pond reactor for use in sunny locations such as the Atacama Desert.
{"title":"Off to the copper races","authors":"Sapana Jadoun","doi":"10.1038/s41570-024-00636-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41570-024-00636-9","url":null,"abstract":"Sapana Jadoun explains how metals can be extracted from, for example, mining and electronic waste with her purpose-built solar raceway pond reactor for use in sunny locations such as the Atacama Desert.","PeriodicalId":18849,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews. Chemistry","volume":"8 9","pages":"649-649"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141759835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00637-8
Ruijie Yang, Zheng Li, Yingying Fan
Li-ion intercalation often induces phase changes in transition metal dichalcogenides, but only the transition of 2H-to-1T/1T'' in MoS2 is well-known. Here, researchers report emerging phase transitions in 1T''-MoTe2, leading to the discovery of two new electronic phases.
{"title":"Ions go in and new phases appear","authors":"Ruijie Yang, Zheng Li, Yingying Fan","doi":"10.1038/s41570-024-00637-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41570-024-00637-8","url":null,"abstract":"Li-ion intercalation often induces phase changes in transition metal dichalcogenides, but only the transition of 2H-to-1T/1T'' in MoS2 is well-known. Here, researchers report emerging phase transitions in 1T''-MoTe2, leading to the discovery of two new electronic phases.","PeriodicalId":18849,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews. Chemistry","volume":"8 9","pages":"650-650"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141759834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00632-z
Mohammad Z. Rahman
In the quest for green ethylene production, perovskite oxides show promise as photocatalysts able to strip hydrogen from ethane and generate ethylene with solar energy.
{"title":"The dawn of solar ethylene","authors":"Mohammad Z. Rahman","doi":"10.1038/s41570-024-00632-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41570-024-00632-z","url":null,"abstract":"In the quest for green ethylene production, perovskite oxides show promise as photocatalysts able to strip hydrogen from ethane and generate ethylene with solar energy.","PeriodicalId":18849,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews. Chemistry","volume":"8 8","pages":"568-568"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141752161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-22DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00629-8
Brittany L. Huffman, Alexandria R. C. Bredar, Jillian L. Dempsey
Disorder in redox-active monolayers convolutes electrochemical characterization. This disorder can come from pinhole defects, loose packing, heterogeneous distribution of redox-active headgroups, and lateral interactions between immobilized redox-active molecules. Identifying the source of non-ideal behaviour in cyclic voltammograms can be challenging as different types of disorder often cause similar non-ideal cyclic voltammetry behaviour such as peak broadening, large peak-to-peak separation, peak asymmetry and multiple peaks for single redox processes. This Review provides an overview of ideal voltammetric behaviour for redox-active monolayers, common manifestations of disorder on voltammetric responses, common experimental parameters that can be varied to interrogate sources of disorder, and finally, examples of different types of disorder and how they impact electrochemical responses. Disorder in redox-active monolayers arising from pinhole defects, loose packing, heterogeneous distribution of redox-active headgroups, and lateral interactions between immobilized redox-active molecules can cause non-ideal cyclic voltammetry behaviour.
{"title":"Origins of non-ideal behaviour in voltammetric analysis of redox-active monolayers","authors":"Brittany L. Huffman, Alexandria R. C. Bredar, Jillian L. Dempsey","doi":"10.1038/s41570-024-00629-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41570-024-00629-8","url":null,"abstract":"Disorder in redox-active monolayers convolutes electrochemical characterization. This disorder can come from pinhole defects, loose packing, heterogeneous distribution of redox-active headgroups, and lateral interactions between immobilized redox-active molecules. Identifying the source of non-ideal behaviour in cyclic voltammograms can be challenging as different types of disorder often cause similar non-ideal cyclic voltammetry behaviour such as peak broadening, large peak-to-peak separation, peak asymmetry and multiple peaks for single redox processes. This Review provides an overview of ideal voltammetric behaviour for redox-active monolayers, common manifestations of disorder on voltammetric responses, common experimental parameters that can be varied to interrogate sources of disorder, and finally, examples of different types of disorder and how they impact electrochemical responses. Disorder in redox-active monolayers arising from pinhole defects, loose packing, heterogeneous distribution of redox-active headgroups, and lateral interactions between immobilized redox-active molecules can cause non-ideal cyclic voltammetry behaviour.","PeriodicalId":18849,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews. Chemistry","volume":"8 8","pages":"628-643"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141748652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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