Ndt & E International最新文献_第10页

Adaptive ultrasonic technique for inspection of complex geometry components with a matrix array 基于矩阵阵的复杂几何构件自适应超声检测技术

IF 4.5 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Ndt & E International

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103535

Ekaterina Iakovleva, David Roué, Sylvain Chatillon

Ultrasonic phased-array technology is widely used in many NDT (Non-Destructive Testing) fields. Its ability to electronically steer and focus ultrasonic beams allows for comprehensive inspections with improved accuracy. However, the performances of an ultrasonic inspection may be degraded when the component being inspected exhibits an uneven surface. If the surface geometry is unknown, phased array technology is unable to correct the perturbations of acoustical beams using array settings. In this work, we present a new immersion adaptive inspection technique of large and complex-shaped components using a matrix array. In this approach, first, the unknown surface geometry of the inspected component is reconstructed from a series of 2D TFM images collected using only one row and one column of the matrix array acting as two independent orthogonal 1D arrays, in conjunction with mechanical 2D scanning. At this stage, the recorded 2D images are combined into a single wide-view 3D surface image by rotational SAFT algorithm, a simplified version of the standard SAFT method. The desired surface is extracted from the resulting image using an automatic global thresholding method. Then, based on the reconstructed surface and given the inspection probe trajectory, adapted focal laws to inspect the interior of the component are computed and applied at every location of the probe to correct the effect of the surface. The capabilities of the proposed inspection technique are illustrated by various simulated and experimental results carried out in a water tank. Its advantages and drawbacks will be discussed.

超声相控阵技术广泛应用于许多无损检测领域。其电子引导和聚焦超声波光束的能力可以提高精度进行全面检查。然而，当被检查的部件表面不均匀时，超声波检查的性能可能会降低。如果表面几何形状未知，相控阵技术无法使用阵列设置来纠正声波束的扰动。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种新的浸入式自适应检测技术，该技术使用矩阵阵列对大型和复杂形状的部件进行检测。在这种方法中，首先，利用矩阵阵列的一行和一列作为两个独立的正交一维阵列，结合机械二维扫描，从收集的一系列二维TFM图像中重建被检测部件的未知表面几何形状。在这一阶段，通过旋转SAFT算法（标准SAFT方法的简化版本）将记录的2D图像合并为单个宽视图3D表面图像。使用自动全局阈值法从生成的图像中提取所需的表面。然后，在给定检测探头轨迹的基础上，根据重构曲面计算出检测部件内部的自适应焦点律，并在探头的每个位置应用自适应焦点律来修正曲面的影响。在水箱中进行的各种模拟和实验结果说明了所提出的检测技术的能力。本文将讨论其优点和缺点。

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引用次数: 0

Precise measurement of oxide film thickness on fuel cladding utilizing a stacked array probe and a SVR model 基于堆叠阵列探针和SVR模型的燃料包壳氧化膜厚度精确测量

IF 4.5 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Ndt & E International

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103591

Liuxin Ge , Qi Xiao , Ming Li , Songling Huang , Na Zhang , Chaofeng Ye

Oxide films accumulated on cladding tubes in nuclear reactors impede heat transfer and exacerbate corrosion. Measurement of the thickness of oxide film is imperative to maintain the safety of nuclear plants. The evaluation of oxide film thickness in nuclear power plant applications frequently involves the use of eddy current testing (ECT), which requires a calibration phase during the measurement process. Inaccuracies occur when the object’s material differs from the calibration samples. To address this issue, this paper presents an innovative approach that combines stacked array coils with a support vector regression (SVR) model to increase the measurement precision. The stacked array sensor comprises multiple coils separated by insulation layers with thicknesses of a few tens of microns, which function as internal distance standards to calibrate the oxide film thickness. The SVR model is developed to calculate the thickness of the oxide film from the measurement by solving the regression problem. This method mitigates the influence of the material property. A three-dimensional numerical model is developed to calculate the signals for various material conductivities. The simulation data are employed to train the SVR model and assess the accuracy of the approach. The findings demonstrate that the root mean square error and the coefficient of determination for the oxide film thickness calculation are 0.30

μ

m and 1.00, respectively. Furthermore, an experimental system is established and data are collected to validate the feasibility of the method. The experimental results indicate that the maximum inaccuracy remains below

2 μ m

even with different material conductivities.

核反应堆包层管上堆积的氧化膜阻碍了传热，加剧了腐蚀。氧化膜厚度的测量对维护核电站的安全至关重要。在核电站应用中，氧化膜厚度的评估经常涉及到涡流测试（ECT）的使用，在测量过程中需要一个校准阶段。当物体的材料与校准样品不同时，就会出现不准确性。为了解决这一问题，本文提出了一种将堆叠阵列线圈与支持向量回归（SVR）模型相结合的创新方法，以提高测量精度。堆叠阵列传感器由多个线圈组成，由厚度为几十微米的绝缘层隔开，作为内部距离标准，用于校准氧化膜厚度。通过求解回归问题，建立SVR模型，从测量结果计算氧化膜厚度。这种方法减轻了材料性能的影响。建立了一个三维数值模型来计算各种材料电导率的信号。利用仿真数据对SVR模型进行训练，并对方法的精度进行评估。结果表明，计算氧化膜厚度的均方根误差为0.30 μm，决定系数为1.00。建立了实验系统，并进行了数据采集，验证了该方法的可行性。实验结果表明，在不同的材料电导率下，最大误差仍保持在2μm以下。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Metallic material microstructure grain size measurements from backscattering signals in ultrasonic array data sets” [NDT&E Int 149 (2025) 103251] “从超声波阵列数据集中的后向散射信号测量金属材料微观结构晶粒尺寸”的勘误表[NDT&E Int 149 (2025) 103251]

IF 4.5 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Ndt & E International

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103559

Weixin Wang, Jie Zhang, Paul D. Wilcox

引用次数: 0

Assessment of strut discontinuities in additively manufactured lattice structures using thermoelastic stress analysis 用热弹性应力分析评价增材制造晶格结构的结构不连续

IF 4.5 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Ndt & E International

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103587

Joshua Rodrigues , Matthew Pelosi , Wayne Foster , Simon Barter , Raj Das

Additively manufactured lattice structures present several advantages to engineering applications through their lightweight properties and efficient load transfer pathways. Structural damage during fatigue loading to components with integrated lattices, however, can result in strut discontinuities that impede their mechanical properties. In-situ identification of discontinuities in lattice structures is necessary to ensure the robustness of structural performance. The assessment of such discontinuities can be difficult, whereby methods of optical analysis present a viable technique to evaluate structural behaviour. This work utilises thermoelastic stress analysis (TSA) as a method to rapidly identify strut discontinuities in lattice structures and assess the resultant alteration in load transfer pathways. TSA scans were performed on lattice tensile specimens under cyclic loading and calibrated using strain gauge rosettes, which were compared to numerical models obtained using the finite element (FE) method. Several lattice topologies were investigated with various tensile loading magnitudes to assess the applicability of the TSA method for several stress ranges and load transfer pathways. TSA was found to be an effective method for both qualitative and quantitative analyses of discontinuities in the lattice specimens, which agreed with the FE models. Furthermore, the TSA scans showed the change in load transfer pathways through stress redistribution, highlighting the evolution of critical lattice members and identifying potential failure sites. This approach of rapid stress assessment can be applied to the design and in situ failure analysis of lightweight aerospace and spacecraft structures under dynamic loading conditions.

增材制造的晶格结构由于其轻量化和高效的载荷传递途径，在工程应用中具有许多优点。然而，在疲劳加载过程中，集成网格组件的结构损伤可能导致支撑不连续，从而影响其机械性能。点阵结构不连续点的原位识别是保证结构性能鲁棒性的必要条件。这种不连续性的评估可能是困难的，因此光学分析方法提供了一种评估结构行为的可行技术。这项工作利用热弹性应力分析（TSA）作为一种方法来快速识别网格结构中的支柱不连续，并评估由此产生的荷载传递路径的变化。在循环载荷下对晶格拉伸试样进行TSA扫描，并使用应变计玫瑰花进行校准，将其与使用有限元（FE）方法获得的数值模型进行比较。研究了不同拉伸载荷下的几种晶格拓扑结构，以评估TSA方法在不同应力范围和载荷传递路径下的适用性。发现TSA是一种有效的定性和定量分析晶格试样不连续的方法，这与有限元模型一致。此外，TSA扫描显示了通过应力重新分配的载荷传递路径的变化，突出了关键晶格成员的演变并确定了潜在的失效位点。这种快速应力评估方法可应用于航空航天和航天器轻量化结构在动载荷条件下的设计和原位失效分析。

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引用次数: 0

Mode conversion of the fundamental shear horizontal wave at a defect 缺陷处基本横波的模态转换

IF 4.5 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Ndt & E International

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103534

Christian Peyton , Steve Dixon , Ben Dutton , Wilson Vesga , Rachel S. Edwards

It is essential to detect defects in plates, and ultrasonic guided waves offer the potential for detection of defects ranging from porosity in welds, through to larger corrosion patches. Shear-horizontal (SH) waves generated by electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) have previously been shown to interact with both types of defect, with the reflection properties dependent on the defect geometry and the wavelength and wavemode chosen. This paper investigates the behaviour of the mode converted reflections that occur when an incident SH0 wave interacts with a defect in a plate. The properties of the reflected mode converted fundamental symmetric Lamb wave, S0, are shown to depend on the defect width, length and depth, which determine the angle at which a peak reflection occurs. This paper aims to develop fundamental understanding of the behaviour, showing that the defect width reflection behaviour follows a modified single-slit-diffraction behaviour, while the defect length dependence is due to interference between waves reflected from the front and back faces of the defect. Finite element simulations are primarily used, and verified experimentally. The S0 reflection is small, but results could be combined with analysis of SH0 reflections, enabling a higher probability of detection for small (mm-sized) defects.

检测板上的缺陷是必不可少的，超声波引导波提供了检测缺陷的潜力，从焊缝气孔到较大的腐蚀斑块。电磁声换能器（emat）产生的剪切水平（SH）波先前已被证明与这两种类型的缺陷相互作用，其反射特性取决于缺陷的几何形状以及所选择的波长和波模。本文研究了当入射的SH0波与板上的缺陷相互作用时发生的模式转换反射的行为。反射模式转换的基对称兰姆波的性质取决于缺陷的宽度、长度和深度，它们决定了反射峰发生的角度。本文旨在发展对缺陷行为的基本理解，表明缺陷宽度反射行为遵循改进的单缝衍射行为，而缺陷长度依赖是由于从缺陷的正面和背面反射的波之间的干涉。本文主要采用有限元模拟，并进行了实验验证。S0反射很小，但结果可以与SH0反射分析相结合，从而提高检测小（mm尺寸）缺陷的概率。

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引用次数: 0

Embeddable multi-channel all-optical-fiber acousto-ultrasonic system for damage evaluation of composites 用于复合材料损伤评估的可嵌入多通道全光纤声超声系统

IF 4.5 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Ndt & E International

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103550

Yuanyuan Feng , Qi Wu , Yuxi Zhang , Shengming Cui , Ruixin Bao

Although conventional guided-wave-based ultrasonic structural health monitoring (SHM) is paramount for ensuring the safe operation of structural components, the piezoelectric materials used to generate and detect ultrasonic guided waves have the intrinsic issues of electromagnetic interference susceptibility, poor embeddability, and limited multiplexing. To address these issues, an embeddable multi-channel all-optical-fiber acousto-ultrasonic (AOF-AU) system is proposed. A pulsed laser was coupled into specialty optical fibers, and ultrasonic-guided waves were generated from photo-thermal-acoustic conversion. After propagating through the target structure, the ultrasonic wave was detected using a fiber Bragg grating (FBG), which was demodulated using the edge-filtering principle. The control section paired the channel in the optical switch and FBG array and synchronized the ultrasonic excitation and detection to achieve multi-channel SHM. A high-quality carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) embedded with optical fibers was manufactured; however, a flame-shaped ablation area was observed at the end of the specialty optical fiber. The cross-section of the CFRP did not exhibit a resin-rich area or fiber waviness. The correlation between the characteristics of the optical pulse signal and the ultrasonic wave was clarified under different parameters of the pulsed laser. The ultrasonic signal showed barely changed during continuous monitoring, demonstrating that damage does not accumulate further. In the multi-channel AOF-AU system, the multi-channel capability and strong directionality were demonstrated. In addition, the different attenuations of the ultrasonic waves evaluated in the AOF-AU system enabled easy localization of a hole within the CFRP laminate, demonstrating the capability of the newly proposed system for ultrasonic SHM.

尽管传统的基于导波的超声结构健康监测（SHM）对于确保结构部件的安全运行至关重要，但用于产生和检测超声导波的压电材料存在电磁干扰敏感性、可嵌入性差和复用受限等固有问题。为了解决这些问题，提出了一种可嵌入的多通道全光纤声超声（AOF-AU）系统。将脉冲激光耦合到特种光纤中，通过光-热-声转换产生超声导波。超声波通过目标结构传播后，利用光纤布拉格光栅（FBG）进行检测，并采用边缘滤波原理进行解调。控制部分对光开关和光纤光栅阵列中的通道进行配对，实现超声激发和检测同步，实现多通道SHM。制备了一种高质量的光纤包埋碳纤维增强聚合物（CFRP）；然而，在特种光纤的末端观察到一个火焰状的烧蚀区。CFRP的横截面没有显示出富含树脂的区域或纤维波纹。阐明了脉冲激光器在不同参数下光脉冲信号与超声波特性的相关性。超声信号在连续监测过程中几乎没有变化，表明损伤没有进一步积累。在多通道AOF-AU系统中，证明了该系统具有多通道性能和强方向性。此外，在AOF-AU系统中评估的超声波的不同衰减使得CFRP层压板内的孔易于定位，证明了新提出的超声SHM系统的能力。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced microwave waveguide probe-based methods for damage detection of GFRP composites 基于增强微波波导探头的玻璃钢复合材料损伤检测方法

IF 4.5 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Ndt & E International

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103572

Zhen Li , Zhaozong Meng , Fei Fei , Constantinos Soutis

The aim of this work is to enhance the microwave waveguide-based non-destructive detection of glass fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites by introducing new strategies for probe design and signal processing. The tapering geometry in the waveguide probe design improves the spatial resolution and sensitivity, and the additive manufacturing technique employed reduces the overall cost. In addition, a new approach is proposed for the optimal selection of the inspection frequency in the analysis of the raw frequency-domain data, which achieves high signal contrast. The spatial Fourier transform is introduced to eliminate the undesirable stand-off distance effect in the conventional waveguide-based inspection. Test samples with subsurface grooves and impact-induced damage were examined. It was found that a 1 mm wide groove at a depth of 9 mm and a 10 J barely visible impact damage were well detected and characterised. The results demonstrate the significant potential of microwave testing for the evaluation of composite structures.

本研究的目的是通过引入新的探针设计和信号处理策略，提高基于微波波导的玻璃纤维增强聚合物（GFRP）复合材料无损检测技术。波导探头设计中的锥形几何结构提高了空间分辨率和灵敏度，采用增材制造技术降低了总体成本。此外，在原始频域数据分析中，提出了一种检测频率的优化选择方法，实现了高信号对比度。引入空间傅里叶变换，消除了传统波导检测中存在的不良距离效应。测试样品具有地下沟槽和冲击损伤。结果发现，在9毫米深的1毫米宽沟槽和10 J几乎不可见的冲击损伤被很好地检测和表征。结果表明，微波测试对复合材料结构的评价具有巨大的潜力。

引用次数: 0

Conductivity invariance phenomenon of eddy current testing- analytical modeling and physical interpretation 涡流检测的电导率不变性现象——解析建模与物理解释

IF 4.5 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Ndt & E International

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103568

Fenglong Wang , Yating Yu , Cheng Sun , Haipeng Yang , Guiyun Tian

The Conductivity Invariance Phenomenon (CIP) has been previously discovered in our previous work—in multilayer structures, when the alien material layer in the conductivity invariance point changes suddenly in electrical conductivity, the eddy current testing signal remains unaffected [1, 2]. The CIP has been proven to potentially eliminate the coupling effects between electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability in Eddy Current Testing (ECT). However, current research on CIP primarily focused on controlling materials within the conductivity invariance point, lacking a deep understanding of the underlying physical mechanisms, which limited the application of CIP in engineering. Therefore, this paper conducts an in-depth investigation of CIP, establishing an analytical model to efficiently calculate the conductivity invariance point and validating it through numerical simulation and experiments. Additionally, this paper finds that the CIP arises from the combined effects of electromagnetic field coupling interference in multilayer structures and the electromagnetic interaction of the alien material layer itself. When the alien material is within the conductivity invariance point, the two effects cancel each other out, demonstrating CIP. On the other hand, the physical mechanism of CIP is demonstrated by the equivalent conversion method. This research provides a theoretical foundation for the future application of CIP in decoupling electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability issues in eddy current testing, facilitating precise measurement of magnetic permeability.

导电性不变性现象（Conductivity Invariance Phenomenon， CIP）在我们之前的多层结构工作中已经被发现，当导电性不变性点处的异质材料层的导电性突然发生变化时，涡流测试信号不受影响[1,2]。在涡流测试（ECT）中，CIP已被证明可以潜在地消除电导率和磁导率之间的耦合效应。然而，目前对CIP的研究主要集中在将材料控制在电导率不变性点内，缺乏对其潜在物理机制的深入了解，限制了CIP在工程中的应用。因此，本文对CIP进行了深入研究，建立了高效计算电导率不变性点的解析模型，并通过数值模拟和实验对其进行了验证。此外，本文还发现CIP是多层结构中电磁场耦合干扰和外来材料层本身电磁相互作用的综合作用。当外来物质在电导率不变点内时，这两种效应相互抵消，证明了CIP。另一方面，用等效转换法论证了CIP的物理机理。本研究为未来CIP在涡流检测中解耦电导率和磁导率问题的应用提供了理论基础，便于磁导率的精确测量。

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引用次数: 0

A near-field 30–40 GHz millimeter-wave phase imaging method for non-destructive testing and evaluation 一种用于无损检测与评价的近场30-40 GHz毫米波相位成像方法

IF 4.5 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Ndt & E International

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103529

Yiming Ding, Xilai Xie, Dongjie Bi, Xifeng Li, Libiao Peng

Near-field millimeter-wave (NMMW) imaging is a key technique in nondestructive testing and evaluation in critical sectors like aerospace, valued for its deep penetration capability and spatial resolution. However, conventional methods that rely on absolute reflectivity exhibit insufficient sensitivity to subtle depth variations, such as those indicative of bonding defects and internal air voids. To overcome this limitation, this study introduces an advanced imaging method that leverages the phase information of the complex reflectivity. Specifically, the proposed method employs a near-field Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) algorithm to reconstruct a complex reflectivity map from the backscattered data, from which the wrapped phase is extracted. Subsequently, a weighted

ℓ_{2}

-norm minimization phase unwrapping method is applied to transform the wrapped phase into a denoised, unwrapped phase image, significantly improving imaging performance. A 30–40 GHz prototype system was developed for experimental validation. Tests on materials including metals, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) with prefabricated defects, quartz, and silicon nitride confirmed the method’s effectiveness. Crucially, experiments on PTFE specimens and specimen with bonding defects and cracks demonstrated the enhanced capability of the phase-based approach in detecting depth-related defects. This research enhances the capability of millimeter-wave imaging for the nondestructive testing of defects such as poor bonding.

近场毫米波成像技术是航空航天等关键领域无损检测和评估的关键技术，其深穿透能力和空间分辨率受到重视。然而，依靠绝对反射率的传统方法对细微的深度变化（如键合缺陷和内部空气空洞）的灵敏度不够。为了克服这一限制，本研究引入了一种先进的成像方法，利用复反射率的相位信息。具体而言，该方法采用近场合成孔径雷达（SAR）算法从后向散射数据中重建复杂反射率图，并从中提取包裹相位。随后，采用加权2范数最小化相位解包裹方法将被包裹的相位变换为去噪后的解包裹相位图像，显著提高了成像性能。开发了一个30-40 GHz的原型系统进行实验验证。对金属、带有预制缺陷的聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）、石英和氮化硅等材料的测试证实了该方法的有效性。重要的是，在PTFE试样和带有粘结缺陷和裂纹的试样上的实验表明，基于相的方法在检测深度相关缺陷方面的能力增强。本研究提高了毫米波成像技术在粘结不良等缺陷无损检测中的应用能力。

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引用次数: 0

Nonlinear ultrasonic C-scan imaging based on sideband peak intensity for fatigue damage evaluation 基于边带峰值强度的非线性超声c扫描疲劳损伤评价

IF 4.5 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Ndt & E International

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103577

Fengling Wang , Shuzeng Zhang , Mingzhu Sun , Tribikram Kundu

This study proposes a nonlinear ultrasonic imaging method for the detection of material or structural damage. The contact-based frequency-mismatched pulse-echo sideband peak intensity (PE-SPI) technique is extended and implemented on an ultrasonic immersion C-scan platform, enabling non-contact scanning and imaging based on nonlinear parameters. Fatigue test specimens were examined using both the proposed method and conventional linear scanning approaches. The results indicate that, when linear parameters such as signal amplitude are used, the outcomes from both methods are consistent. However, the proposed method enables the extraction of nonlinear features by measuring the amplitudes of harmonic peaks in the frequency spectrum, thereby realizing an imaging approach fundamentally different from traditional linear ultrasonics. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed technique more effectively identifies the locations of fatigue cracks, showing particularly enhanced sensitivity in detecting early-stage cracks and assessing crack extension.

本研究提出一种用于材料或结构损伤检测的非线性超声成像方法。将基于接触式频率不匹配脉冲回波边带峰值强度（PE-SPI）技术扩展并实现在超声浸入式c扫描平台上，实现基于非线性参数的非接触式扫描和成像。采用本文提出的方法和传统的线性扫描方法对疲劳试样进行了检测。结果表明，当使用信号幅度等线性参数时，两种方法的结果是一致的。然而，该方法通过测量频谱中谐波峰的幅值来提取非线性特征，从而实现了一种与传统线性超声有本质区别的成像方法。实验结果表明，该方法能更有效地识别疲劳裂纹的位置，尤其在早期裂纹检测和裂纹扩展评估方面具有更高的灵敏度。

引用次数: 0