Ndt & E International最新文献_第5页

An omnidirectional high-order shear horizontal mode EMAT 全向高阶剪切水平模态EMAT

IF 4.5 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Ndt & E International

Pub Date : 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103626

Zenghua Liu , Mengqi Su , Xin Zhao , Tianxiang Kong , Yanhong Guo , Cuiping Huo , Cunfu He

Shear Horizontal (SH) guided waves play a crucial role in non-destructive testing and structural health monitoring. Particularly, the higher-order modes of SH waves are sensitive to variations in material thickness, making it useful for detecting material thinning, while their group velocities can be conveniently studied through frequency control. This research proposed a novel omnidirectional high-order SH mode electromagnetic acoustic transducer (OHSHM-EMAT), composed of 14 axially polarized sector-shaped magnets with alternating magnetic field orientations, complemented by a spiral coil configuration. The transducer effectively excites and receives high-order SH₁ guided waves in aluminum plates using a circumferentially periodic permanent magnet array. A 3D finite element model of the OHSHM-EMAT was constructed, successfully demonstrating the excitation of SH₁ guided waves. Optimal configuration parameters for the magnets and coil were determined through optimization. To validate the accuracy of the simulation results, performance verification experiments were conducted on aluminum plates. Experimental results confirmed that the OHSHM-EMAT can generate omnidirectional SH₁ mode guided waves in aluminum materials while effectively suppressing the generation of SH₀ mode guided waves.

剪切水平导波在无损检测和结构健康监测中起着至关重要的作用。特别是，SH波的高阶模态对材料厚度的变化很敏感，这有助于检测材料的变薄，而它们的群速度可以通过频率控制来方便地研究。本研究提出了一种新型的全向高阶SH模式电磁声换能器（OHSHM-EMAT），该换能器由14块具有交变磁场取向的轴向极化扇形磁体组成，外加螺旋线圈结构。该换能器利用周长周期永磁阵列有效地激发和接收铝板中的高阶SH1导波。建立了OHSHM-EMAT的三维有限元模型，成功地模拟了SH1导波的激励。通过优化，确定了磁体和线圈的最优配置参数。为了验证仿真结果的准确性，在铝板上进行了性能验证实验。实验结果证实，OHSHM-EMAT可以在铝材料中产生全方位的SH1模导波，同时有效抑制SH0模导波的产生。

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引用次数: 0

Numerical evaluation of the sideband peak count method for nonlinear ultrasonic damage detection 非线性超声损伤检测的边带峰值计数方法的数值评价

IF 4.5 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Ndt & E International

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103625

Peter B. Nagy , Laurence J. Jacobs , Bernd Köhler , Frank Schubert

It is well established in the scientific literature that a material's nonlinear response is much more sensitive to increasing dislocation density, microcrack nucleation, and other types of early material degradation than its linear response. The nonlinear elastic behavior of materials can be studied using various nonlinear ultrasonic techniques (NLU). However, they are all significantly more complex than their linear counterparts; therefore, they are often limited to a laboratory environment, and their field of application in industry is very narrow. In recent years, numerous publications have proposed new techniques based on the so-called Sideband Peak Count (SPC) method that utilizes relatively simple ultrasonic measurements to evaluate the degree of nonlinearity in materials. In contrast to conventional NLU NDE techniques, such as harmonic generation or wave mixing, SPC currently lacks a rigorous theoretical basis. To fill this gap, this paper presents computational results obtained under the assumption of classical quadratic nonlinearity using the COMSOL Multiphysics finite element software package. Parametric studies of four relevant variables ‒ excitation level, material nonlinearity, localized nonlinearity caused by a defect, and linear scattering caused by a geometrical feature ‒ were conducted. All the results of this numerical parametric study indicate that the SPC method and the SPC damage parameter named SPC-Index (SPC-I) offer limited sensitivity to changes in the level of classical acoustic nonlinearity at typical excitation levels used in ultrasonic NDE.

科学文献已经证实，与线性响应相比，材料的非线性响应对位错密度增加、微裂纹成核和其他类型的早期材料退化更为敏感。材料的非线性弹性行为可以用各种非线性超声技术来研究。然而，它们都比它们的线性对应物复杂得多；因此，它们往往局限于实验室环境，在工业上的应用领域非常狭窄。近年来，许多出版物提出了基于所谓的边带峰值计数（SPC）方法的新技术，该方法利用相对简单的超声波测量来评估材料的非线性程度。与传统的NLU NDE技术（如谐波产生或波混频）相比，SPC目前缺乏严格的理论基础。为了填补这一空白，本文给出了利用COMSOL多物理场有限元软件包在经典二次非线性假设下得到的计算结果。对四个相关变量——激励水平、材料非线性、缺陷引起的局部非线性和几何特征引起的线性散射进行了参数化研究。所有数值参数研究结果表明，SPC方法和SPC损伤参数SPC- index （SPC- i）对超声无损检测中典型激励水平下经典声学非线性水平变化的灵敏度有限。

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引用次数: 0

Semi-analytical modeling of eddy current response signals from a hollow cylinder due to a rectangular coil 由矩形线圈引起的空心圆柱体涡流响应信号的半解析建模

IF 4.5 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Ndt & E International

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103624

Prashanth Baskaran, Artur L. Ribeiro, Helena G. Ramos

Analytical modeling of a non-axisymmetric geometry, typically found in eddy-current NDT, requires the fields to be formulated via the second order vector potential, which is expressed in terms of the transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) potentials. The potentials have a modal expansion in Fourier space involving modified Bessel functions with their corresponding (modal) coefficients. Generally, for tube structures inspected with non-axisymmetric coil, both TE and TM modes exist in the conductor and the modal coefficients are coupled, hindering the analytical formulation of the incident electric and magnetic fields. In this work we propose a numerical approach, by discretizing the continuity boundary condition across the interface, to numerically determine all the modal coefficients. This approach not only enabled the computation of coil impedance, but also the computation of the incident fields in all the layers. In this work, we have considered modeling a hollow tube structure with a rectangular excitation coil, placed either inside or outside the tube, and semi-analytically determine the coil’s response signals. The numerically predicted modal coefficients are validated indirectly by comparing the prediction of coil impedance, incident magnetic flux density and incident eddy-current density with experimental measurements and/or finite element method (FEM) simulations. The proposed technique can be extended to a multi-layer tube geometry.

非轴对称几何的解析建模，通常在涡流无损检测中发现，需要通过二阶矢量势来表示场，这是用横向电（TE）和横向磁（TM）势来表示的。势在傅里叶空间中有一个模态展开，涉及到带有相应（模态）系数的修正贝塞尔函数。通常，对于采用非轴对称线圈检测的管状结构，导体中同时存在TE模态和TM模态，且模态系数耦合，阻碍了入射电场和磁场的解析表达式。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种数值方法，通过离散跨界面的连续性边界条件，以数值方式确定所有模态系数。这种方法不仅可以计算线圈阻抗，还可以计算各层的入射场。在这项工作中，我们考虑了一个空心管结构的建模与矩形激励线圈，放置在管内或管外，并半解析地确定线圈的响应信号。通过将线圈阻抗、入射磁通密度和入射涡流密度的预测与实验测量和/或有限元法（FEM）模拟结果进行比较，间接验证了数值预测的模态系数。所提出的技术可以扩展到多层管的几何形状。

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引用次数: 0

Analytical modeling and analysis of Rayleigh-wave EMATs considering both the horizontal and vertical magnetic fields 考虑水平和垂直磁场的瑞利波emat解析建模与分析

IF 4.5 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Ndt & E International

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103623

Zhichao Li, Guichao Huang, Runjie Yang, Xuesong Wang, Chaoran Deng

Electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) suffer from inherently low transduction efficiency. Recent studies have demonstrated that the horizontal magnetic fields can significantly enhance the signal amplitude of Lorentz force-based EMATs. However, conventional analytical models primarily account for the effects of the vertical magnetic fields, while overlooking the excitation contribution of the horizontal magnetic fields, thereby limiting efforts to improve EMAT performance. In this work, the electromagnetic ultrasonic testing process using Rayleigh waves is systematically divided into three stages: excitation, propagation, and reception. Theoretical models are developed for each stage. Based on this framework, an analytical model incorporating both the vertical and horizontal magnetic fields is established. Experimental results from various coil configurations demonstrate that the proposed theoretical model can accurately compute the ultrasonic signals within the test specimen. Furthermore, the analytical model is employed to investigate the effect of magnet width on the amplitude and distortion level of the received signal. The findings reveal that when the magnet width is equal to the overall width of the coil, the received signal achieves the maximum amplitude with relatively low distortion.

电磁声换能器（EMATs）固有的低转导效率。近年来的研究表明，水平磁场可以显著增强基于洛伦兹力的emat的信号幅度。然而，传统的分析模型主要考虑了垂直磁场的影响，而忽略了水平磁场的激励贡献，从而限制了提高EMAT性能的努力。在这项工作中，利用瑞利波的电磁超声检测过程系统地分为三个阶段：激发、传播和接收。为每个阶段建立理论模型。在此基础上，建立了考虑垂直磁场和水平磁场的解析模型。不同线圈结构的实验结果表明，该理论模型能够准确地计算出试样内部的超声信号。此外，利用解析模型研究了磁体宽度对接收信号幅值和失真程度的影响。结果表明，当磁体宽度等于线圈的总宽度时，接收信号的幅值最大，失真程度较低。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Multiporous-Cascaded coil based high lift-off and dynamic electromagnetic thermography of rail defects inspection” [NDT E Int 159C (2025) 103599] “基于多孔级联线圈的高升力和动态电磁热成像轨道缺陷检测”的勘误表[NDT E Int 159C (2025) 103599]

IF 4.5 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Ndt & E International

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103619

Geng Yang, Haoran Li, Bin Gao, Xiaolong Lu, Junhong Qi, Dong Liu, Guiyun Tian, Xiaojie Xue, Xingcai Liu

引用次数: 0

A skipping Rayleigh wave technique for discontinuous creep crack sizing at high temperature 非连续蠕变裂纹高温定径的跳变瑞利波技术

IF 4.5 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Ndt & E International

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103622

Edmund Jones , Catrin M. Davies , Joseph Corcoran

A feasibility study into utilising Rayleigh surface waves for sizing regions of discontinuous creep crack damage in compact tension laboratory tests is presented. The method relies on the efficient Rayleigh surface to shear bulk wave mode conversion (and vice versa) at discontinuous surfaces, in a process referred to as ‘skipping’ in this paper. A Finite Element study is presented to demonstrate the skipping behaviour. In order to utilise the Rayleigh wave for creep crack growth measurements, a novel experimental procedure has been developed that enables in situ measurements at elevated temperature. The approach uses waveguides that transmit shear guided waves from ambient conditions to the sample which is inside a furnace. The waveguides are dry-coupled to the corner edges of the compact tension sample, the shear guided waves excite Rayleigh waves which then propagate around the crack tip. By monitoring the time-of-flight of the ultrasound the damaged region can be sized. Results of a creep crack growth experiment are shown and crack size estimates from x-ray computed tomography (XCT), direct current potential drop (DCPD) and the Rayleigh wave techniques are compared. The direct current potential drop measurements vastly underestimates the maximum extent of the damaged region, estimating 0.38 mm in contrast to the 1.40 mm measured by XCT, as the discontinuous defects are not an effective impediment to electrical current. The Rayleigh wave technique estimates a far more accurate 1.27 mm.

本文提出了利用瑞利表面波对致密拉伸试验中不连续蠕变裂纹损伤区域进行分级的可行性研究。该方法依赖于在不连续表面上有效的瑞利面剪切体波模式转换（反之亦然），该过程在本文中称为“跳变”。提出了一个有限元研究来证明跳变行为。为了利用瑞利波进行蠕变裂纹扩展测量，已经开发了一种新的实验程序，可以在高温下进行原位测量。该方法使用波导将剪切导波从环境条件传输到炉内的样品。波导与紧致拉伸试样的边缘干耦合，剪切导波激发瑞利波，然后沿裂纹尖端传播。通过监测超声波的飞行时间，可以确定受损区域的大小。给出了蠕变裂纹扩展实验的结果，并比较了x射线计算机断层扫描（XCT）、直流电位降（DCPD）和瑞利波技术估计的裂纹尺寸。直流电电位降测量大大低估了损坏区域的最大程度，与XCT测量的1.40 mm相比，估计为0.38 mm，因为不连续的缺陷不是电流的有效障碍。瑞利波技术估计的误差要精确得多，为1.27毫米。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of AI for Eddy Current testing according to the reliability framework for rail inspection 基于钢轨检测可靠性框架的涡流检测人工智能评价

IF 4.5 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Ndt & E International

Pub Date : 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103611

D. Kanzler , G. Olm , A. Friedrich , M. Selch

The requirements for using AI algorithms are highly stringent for safety-critical and high-risk applications, such as in the field of non-destructive testing (NDT). Furthermore, there is a regulatory need for conclusive metrics to evaluate AI for high-risk applications. This article introduces a process for evaluating AI used in NDT methods. Based on a commonly used AI evaluation metric adapted for the NDT field, the evaluation aligns with the well-known NDT reliability processes. This evaluation process is applied to analyzing eddy current (ET) data in rail inspection. The aim is to quantify the capability of AI-supported data evaluation against that of the testing setup itself. However, the available real-world dataset of rail inspection data was insufficient for training, validation and demonstrating the reliability of the ET process and AI. To address this, simulated ET data was used to generate a large dataset for evaluation purposes. Using this simulated data, a reference probability of detection (POD) curve was created to provide a benchmark for assessing the performance of the AI using a newly introduced metric called Reliability Metric Score (RESa). The AI model analyzed ET data for crack-like defects. The results were then evaluated and compared to the reference POD. This article explores the evaluation process, highlighting potential misinterpretations and situations where an operator’s judgment is necessary to determine the effectiveness of the AI model in specific cases. This process revealed different regions of interest, which are very useful for further assessment of the AI process and continued development.

对于安全关键和高风险应用，例如无损检测（NDT）领域，使用人工智能算法的要求非常严格。此外，监管机构还需要制定结论性指标来评估人工智能在高风险应用中的应用。本文介绍了评估无损检测方法中使用的人工智能的过程。基于一种适用于无损检测领域的常用人工智能评估指标，该评估与众所周知的无损检测可靠性过程保持一致。将该评价过程应用于钢轨检测中涡流数据的分析。目的是将人工智能支持的数据评估能力与测试设置本身的能力进行量化。然而，现有的铁路检测数据的真实数据集不足以用于训练、验证和证明ET过程和人工智能的可靠性。为了解决这个问题，模拟的ET数据被用来生成一个用于评估目的的大型数据集。利用这些模拟数据，创建了一个参考检测概率（POD）曲线，为使用新引入的称为可靠性度量分数（RESa）的指标评估人工智能的性能提供基准。AI模型对ET数据进行裂纹类缺陷分析。然后对结果进行评估并与参考POD进行比较。本文探讨了评估过程，强调了潜在的误解和操作员判断在特定情况下确定人工智能模型有效性所必需的情况。这个过程揭示了不同的兴趣区域，这对进一步评估人工智能过程和持续发展非常有用。

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引用次数: 0

Digitalization of Ultrasonic Non-Destructive Testing Using Augmented Reality: An Expert Evaluation 利用增强现实技术实现超声无损检测的数字化：专家评价

IF 4.5 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Ndt & E International

Pub Date : 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103617

Jörg Rehbein , Sebastian-Johannes Lorenz , Dominik O.W. Hirschberg , Philipp A. Rauschnabel , Jens Holtmannspötter , Bernd Valeske

Current ultrasonic testing processes for aircraft inspection remain largely manual and non-digitalized. Among the most promising innovations for effective digitalization is the use of Augmented Reality, aligning with NDE 4.0 trends. Despite initial developments, advantages are merely theoretical, as research exploring real-world usage by domain experts remains scarce. Against this backdrop, this paper presents two consecutive, qualitative studies where NDT experts explored and evaluated a prototype system developed in prior works. The studies were designed to elicit early, indicative insights and actively involve practitioners in the development process. In the second study, inspectors used both the conventional and the new system to reflect on their experiences and assess how these shaped their performance. Despite the early stage of the Augmented Reality system, expert feedback and comparative evaluation were positive and encouraging. Reported advantages included increased speed, ease of use, improved focus, and enhanced documentation. With optimization areas identified, the system, once matured, may substantially outperform traditional methods. This research contributes to NDE 4.0 by clarifying user-centered requirements and reinforcing the importance of practitioner engagement during the digital transformation of inspection workflows.

目前用于飞机检查的超声波检测过程仍然主要是手工和非数字化的。在有效数字化方面最有前途的创新之一是使用增强现实，与NDE 4.0趋势保持一致。尽管有了最初的发展，但优势仅仅是理论上的，因为领域专家探索实际使用的研究仍然很少。在此背景下，本文提出了两个连续的定性研究，其中无损检测专家探索和评估了在先前工作中开发的原型系统。这些研究旨在引出早期的、指示性的见解，并积极地让实践者参与开发过程。在第二项研究中，检查员使用传统和新系统来反思他们的经验，并评估这些经验如何影响他们的表现。尽管增强现实系统处于早期阶段，但专家反馈和比较评估是积极和令人鼓舞的。报告的优点包括提高速度、易于使用、改进焦点和增强文档。随着优化领域的确定，系统一旦成熟，可能会大大优于传统方法。本研究通过澄清以用户为中心的需求，并在检验工作流程的数字化转型过程中加强从业者参与的重要性，为NDE 4.0做出了贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Spherical helical trajectory CL: An improved strategy for circular trajectory cone-beam CL imaging 球面螺旋轨迹CL：一种改进的圆轨迹锥束CL成像策略

IF 4.5 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Ndt & E International

Pub Date : 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103615

Yanmin Sun , Yu Han , Lei Li , Xiaoqi Xi , Xuejing Lu , Siyu Tan , Linlin Zhu , Yuan Zhang , Bin Yan

Cone-beam computed laminography (CL) is an X-ray three-dimensional imaging technique designed for large plate-shaped objects. However, the commonly used circular-trajectory CL, featuring a tilted rotation axis, results in missing imaging data and leads to aliasing artifacts in reconstructed images. This study proposes spherical helical computed laminography (SHCL), a novel imaging approach that addresses CL data deficiencies and enhances image reconstruction quality. SHCL is achieved by progressively reducing the tilt angle of the rotation axis during circular trajectory rotation, allowing supplementary data acquisition from small tilt angles and significantly mitigating CL data loss. In commonly used CL imaging configurations with tilt angles ranging from 10° to 45°, SHCL can recover 43 %–69 % of the missing data of circular trajectory CL. This study develops an improved FDK reconstruction algorithm to accommodate the spherical helical trajectory of SHCL. Experimental results demonstrate that SHCL effectively reduces aliasing artifacts in CL imaging. The SHCL trajectory is simple to implement and does not introduce additional scanning workload, making it practical for real-world applications.

锥束计算机层析成像（CL）是一种针对大型板状物体设计的x射线三维成像技术。然而，通常使用的圆轨迹CL，由于其旋转轴倾斜，导致成像数据缺失，并导致重建图像中的混叠伪影。本研究提出了球面螺旋计算机层析成像（SHCL），这是一种新的成像方法，可以解决CL数据不足并提高图像重建质量。SHCL是通过在圆轨迹旋转过程中逐渐减小旋转轴的倾斜角来实现的，允许从小倾斜角获取补充数据，并显着减少CL数据丢失。在倾角为10°~ 45°的常用CL成像配置中，SHCL可以恢复圆轨迹CL丢失数据的43% ~ 69%。本文提出了一种改进的FDK重建算法，以适应SHCL的球面螺旋轨迹。实验结果表明，SHCL有效地降低了CL成像中的混叠伪影。SHCL轨迹易于实现，并且不会引入额外的扫描工作负载，使其适用于实际应用程序。

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引用次数: 0

Application of a dense block connection network to SPR prediction for artifact reduction in X-ray computed tomography 密集块连接网络在x射线计算机断层扫描中伪影减少的SPR预测中的应用

IF 4.5 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Ndt & E International

Pub Date : 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103613

Fuqiang Yang , Le Wang , Kuidong Huang , Shijie Chai , Zhixiang Li

Scatter severely degrades cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images, particularly in scans of high-density industrial components, where blur and shading artifacts hinder metrological evaluation. We propose an LSTM-residual network with an attention module to enhance cross-layer feature propagation. An attention module further improves convolutional neural network efficiency for image feature processing. The core approach estimates the scatter-to-primary ratio (SPR)—a metric reflecting scatter photon distribution influenced by material structures—using raw projection data to generate artifact-free images. By eliminating low-frequency scatter from preliminary observations, the network robustly mitigates scattering effects. Experimental validation with diverse industrial components—an aluminum stepped shaft, a titanium alloy sleeve, and a steel hollow cylinder—shows substantial image quality improvements. Comparative analysis reveals CNR improvements of 22 %, 33 %, and 52, and AG improvements of 46 %, 38 %, and 30 % for the three components, respectively. These results demonstrate the method's effectiveness in enhancing CBCT image clarity and reducing scatter-induced blur, highlighting its utility for industrial non-destructive testing.

散射严重降低了锥束计算机断层扫描（CBCT）图像，特别是在高密度工业部件的扫描中，其中模糊和阴影伪影阻碍了计量评估。我们提出了一种带有关注模块的lstm -残差网络来增强特征的跨层传播。注意模块进一步提高了卷积神经网络处理图像特征的效率。核心方法估计散射比(SPR) -一个反映受材料结构影响的散射光子分布的度量-使用原始投影数据来生成无伪影的图像。通过消除初步观测中的低频散射，网络有效地减轻了散射效应。实验验证了不同的工业组件-铝阶梯式轴，钛合金套筒和钢制空心圆柱体-显示了显著的图像质量改善。对比分析显示，这三个组成部分的CNR分别提高了22%、33%和52%，AG分别提高了46%、38%和30%。这些结果证明了该方法在提高CBCT图像清晰度和减少散射引起的模糊方面的有效性，突出了其在工业无损检测中的实用性。

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引用次数: 0