Pub Date : 2022-12-05DOI: 10.32996/ijls.2022.2.2.18
Reima Al-Jarf
This study aimed to explore how Arabic native speakers transliterate personal names containing geminates to English on social media and what transliteration anomalies they produce. A sample of 406 English transliterations of Arabic personal names with geminates by Arabic native speakers was compiled from Facebook and analyzed to find out the percentage of Arabic names in which geminates were transliterated into double consonants correctly; the percentage of Arabic names in which geminated consonants were reduced to a singleton consonant in the English transliteration; and the percentage of Arabic names where a singleton consonant was doubled in the English transliteration. It was found that one third of the Arabic name tokens with geminates were transliterated correctly, i.e., the geminated consonant in Arabic was represented by a double consonant in the corresponding English transliteration as in compound names (Abdullah, Noureddin) and Nassar, Algammal, Alqattan, Allam, Hagga and son. In 41% of the name tokens, the geminate was represented by a single consonant in the corresponding English transliteration as in Amouna, Amool, Elzahar, Hamam, Elnagar, Sedeek, Fatouh. In 26% of the English transliterations, a single consonant was doubled in the corresponding transliteration, although the Arabic name has no geminates and the consonant is pronounced as a single phoneme as in Ahmmed, Anass, Ossama, Quassem, Sammar, Wissam, Yassin, Youniss. The most commonly geminated consonant was the s which comprised 23% of the tokens. Since Arabic geminates are spelled with a single consonant and a diacritical mark ّ that is not usually shown in the written form used by Arab adults, Arabic speakers tended to transfer the spelling of Arabic geminates into a single consonant in English. They also overgeneralized double consonants in the English transliteration of Arabic names that are pronounced with a single consonant phoneme. Recommendations for improving the transliteration competence of personal names by Arabic native speakers on social media are given.
{"title":"Gemination Errors in Arabic-English Transliteration of Personal Names on Facebook","authors":"Reima Al-Jarf","doi":"10.32996/ijls.2022.2.2.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32996/ijls.2022.2.2.18","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to explore how Arabic native speakers transliterate personal names containing geminates to English on social media and what transliteration anomalies they produce. A sample of 406 English transliterations of Arabic personal names with geminates by Arabic native speakers was compiled from Facebook and analyzed to find out the percentage of Arabic names in which geminates were transliterated into double consonants correctly; the percentage of Arabic names in which geminated consonants were reduced to a singleton consonant in the English transliteration; and the percentage of Arabic names where a singleton consonant was doubled in the English transliteration. It was found that one third of the Arabic name tokens with geminates were transliterated correctly, i.e., the geminated consonant in Arabic was represented by a double consonant in the corresponding English transliteration as in compound names (Abdullah, Noureddin) and Nassar, Algammal, Alqattan, Allam, Hagga and son. In 41% of the name tokens, the geminate was represented by a single consonant in the corresponding English transliteration as in Amouna, Amool, Elzahar, Hamam, Elnagar, Sedeek, Fatouh. In 26% of the English transliterations, a single consonant was doubled in the corresponding transliteration, although the Arabic name has no geminates and the consonant is pronounced as a single phoneme as in Ahmmed, Anass, Ossama, Quassem, Sammar, Wissam, Yassin, Youniss. The most commonly geminated consonant was the s which comprised 23% of the tokens. Since Arabic geminates are spelled with a single consonant and a diacritical mark ّ that is not usually shown in the written form used by Arab adults, Arabic speakers tended to transfer the spelling of Arabic geminates into a single consonant in English. They also overgeneralized double consonants in the English transliteration of Arabic names that are pronounced with a single consonant phoneme. Recommendations for improving the transliteration competence of personal names by Arabic native speakers on social media are given.","PeriodicalId":188874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Linguistics Studies","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115169200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.32996/ijls.2022.2.2.17
Joemar Miñoza, Mary Anne C. Sedanza, John Gil Casimero, Raymart Q. Gomez, J. Moneva
Spanish colonialism has led to raising a significant issue of how much influence Filipino millennials have felt from it until today, particularly on our language, culture, and identity. Several research undertakings have been conducted, but there was rare to none that is conducted specifically for the prevalence of Spanish Colonialism through a linguistic perspective in the Visayan Region, which becomes the drive of the conduct of this research. This paper aimed to explore the prevalence of Spanish influence through linguistic perspective among Visayan college freshmen. The study used qualitative design employing the interpretative phenological method of investigation to offer insights into how informants make sense of a given situation. Seven (7) informants were purposively and conveniently selected for an in-depth interview to elicit the necessary information. The qualitative data gathered from the interviews were transcribed and encoded using a word document to tabulate and generate codes with their emerging themes. The study revealed seven themes which are: Religious Practice and Language Use; Cultural Transmission; Familiarity with the Spanish Language; Variation of Affective Impressions; Comfortability of Using the Language and Preference of Learning the Native Visayan Language; Assimilation of Spanish Mentality and its Influences to our Language, Culture and Identity; and Confirmation of Spanish influence. It was concluded then that Spanish Colonialism is still prevalent today from a sociolinguistic perspective, in other words, the confirmation of the relationship between language and culture. The intertwined relationship between these two makes the Spanish colonization very alive and prevalent up until today, which was keenly used by the colonizer to maintain their holds on the colonized. The results of this study could generate efforts to revive our language and culture because doing so is tantamount to reviving our own identity as Visayan Filipino. However, we will still continue to assimilate or conform to what we are used to speaking. Certainly, the beauty with the effort of preservation will enrich our language and culture as the trend of assimilating the Spanish one goes on.
{"title":"Spanish Influence among Filipinos: A Sociolinguistic Theory","authors":"Joemar Miñoza, Mary Anne C. Sedanza, John Gil Casimero, Raymart Q. Gomez, J. Moneva","doi":"10.32996/ijls.2022.2.2.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32996/ijls.2022.2.2.17","url":null,"abstract":"Spanish colonialism has led to raising a significant issue of how much influence Filipino millennials have felt from it until today, particularly on our language, culture, and identity. Several research undertakings have been conducted, but there was rare to none that is conducted specifically for the prevalence of Spanish Colonialism through a linguistic perspective in the Visayan Region, which becomes the drive of the conduct of this research. This paper aimed to explore the prevalence of Spanish influence through linguistic perspective among Visayan college freshmen. The study used qualitative design employing the interpretative phenological method of investigation to offer insights into how informants make sense of a given situation. Seven (7) informants were purposively and conveniently selected for an in-depth interview to elicit the necessary information. The qualitative data gathered from the interviews were transcribed and encoded using a word document to tabulate and generate codes with their emerging themes. The study revealed seven themes which are: Religious Practice and Language Use; Cultural Transmission; Familiarity with the Spanish Language; Variation of Affective Impressions; Comfortability of Using the Language and Preference of Learning the Native Visayan Language; Assimilation of Spanish Mentality and its Influences to our Language, Culture and Identity; and Confirmation of Spanish influence. It was concluded then that Spanish Colonialism is still prevalent today from a sociolinguistic perspective, in other words, the confirmation of the relationship between language and culture. The intertwined relationship between these two makes the Spanish colonization very alive and prevalent up until today, which was keenly used by the colonizer to maintain their holds on the colonized. The results of this study could generate efforts to revive our language and culture because doing so is tantamount to reviving our own identity as Visayan Filipino. However, we will still continue to assimilate or conform to what we are used to speaking. Certainly, the beauty with the effort of preservation will enrich our language and culture as the trend of assimilating the Spanish one goes on.","PeriodicalId":188874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Linguistics Studies","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124472873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-18DOI: 10.32996/ijls.2022.2.2.16
Maica Angelou Cunanan, Mac Jerome Manuel
Code-Switching is a prevalent phenomenon that may be observed in verbal or non-verbal communication of bilinguals who shift between two languages in a conversation. This paper concentrates on the sociolinguistic factors that influence Filipino-English bilinguals to engage in Code-Switching in an online written discourse. Data were gathered by means of transcribing Facebook posts which were analyzed using Appel and Muysken’s (2006) and Malik’s (1994) framework. The findings revealed that the communicative functions comprised in Appel and Muysken’s (2006) framework were predominant in computer-mediated communication between Filipino-English bilinguals. Specifically, 3 functions known as referential, expressive, and directive had the most number of occurrences, which generated 3 prime factors why bilinguals tend to switch between codes: (1) it provides convenience in communication; (2) bilinguals are accustomed to engaging in Code-Switching when communicating feelings, emotions, requests and words of gratitude; and (3) bilinguals switch between codes to directly address the receiver of the message.
{"title":"Discourses on the Social Accommodations of Code-Switching in Computer-Mediated Communication","authors":"Maica Angelou Cunanan, Mac Jerome Manuel","doi":"10.32996/ijls.2022.2.2.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32996/ijls.2022.2.2.16","url":null,"abstract":"Code-Switching is a prevalent phenomenon that may be observed in verbal or non-verbal communication of bilinguals who shift between two languages in a conversation. This paper concentrates on the sociolinguistic factors that influence Filipino-English bilinguals to engage in Code-Switching in an online written discourse. Data were gathered by means of transcribing Facebook posts which were analyzed using Appel and Muysken’s (2006) and Malik’s (1994) framework. The findings revealed that the communicative functions comprised in Appel and Muysken’s (2006) framework were predominant in computer-mediated communication between Filipino-English bilinguals. Specifically, 3 functions known as referential, expressive, and directive had the most number of occurrences, which generated 3 prime factors why bilinguals tend to switch between codes: (1) it provides convenience in communication; (2) bilinguals are accustomed to engaging in Code-Switching when communicating feelings, emotions, requests and words of gratitude; and (3) bilinguals switch between codes to directly address the receiver of the message.","PeriodicalId":188874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Linguistics Studies","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121402179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-16DOI: 10.32996/ijls.2022.2.2.15
Joshua, Shuangjin Xiao
The classic novel Jinpingmei constitutes a rich source of metaphorical expressions, which poses a challenge to interlingual translation. This paper conducts a descriptive analysis of the translation of metaphor from Chinese to English, taking Jinpingmei and its two English versions as the case study. It attempts to examine how and to what extent metaphorical language in the novel is mediated and rendered in the target language, to look at the effect of translative strategies used on the target text and its readers, and to pinpoint factors that motivate translators’ choices. Following the paradigm of descriptive translation studies, the paper resorts to a mixed method design which combines qualitative and quantitative data analysis. The results show that translators adopt a wide variety of transferring strategies to handle metaphors identified in the novel, ranging from deletion to paraphrasing and completely retaining metaphors. While metaphors are all preserved in Roy’s translation, there are many that suffer from loss or displacement to varying degrees in Egerton’s translation. Translators’ choice of different strategies exerts an effect on the images, figurative senses, metaphoricity, and cultural implications of individual metaphors in the source text, which exhibits their disparate considerations respecting the literariness of the original work and the target recipients’ needs and tastes. Finally, the present study demonstrates that metaphor translation is mainly influenced by individual translators’ translatorial skopos as well as their weighing up of prioritizing certain metaphors over others in the text in relation to its intention.
{"title":"Metaphor in Literary Prose and its Cross-Cultural Transfer: A Case Study of Jinpingmei and its Two English Versions","authors":"Joshua, Shuangjin Xiao","doi":"10.32996/ijls.2022.2.2.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32996/ijls.2022.2.2.15","url":null,"abstract":"The classic novel Jinpingmei constitutes a rich source of metaphorical expressions, which poses a challenge to interlingual translation. This paper conducts a descriptive analysis of the translation of metaphor from Chinese to English, taking Jinpingmei and its two English versions as the case study. It attempts to examine how and to what extent metaphorical language in the novel is mediated and rendered in the target language, to look at the effect of translative strategies used on the target text and its readers, and to pinpoint factors that motivate translators’ choices. Following the paradigm of descriptive translation studies, the paper resorts to a mixed method design which combines qualitative and quantitative data analysis. The results show that translators adopt a wide variety of transferring strategies to handle metaphors identified in the novel, ranging from deletion to paraphrasing and completely retaining metaphors. While metaphors are all preserved in Roy’s translation, there are many that suffer from loss or displacement to varying degrees in Egerton’s translation. Translators’ choice of different strategies exerts an effect on the images, figurative senses, metaphoricity, and cultural implications of individual metaphors in the source text, which exhibits their disparate considerations respecting the literariness of the original work and the target recipients’ needs and tastes. Finally, the present study demonstrates that metaphor translation is mainly influenced by individual translators’ translatorial skopos as well as their weighing up of prioritizing certain metaphors over others in the text in relation to its intention.","PeriodicalId":188874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Linguistics Studies","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127721796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-13DOI: 10.32996/ijls.2022.2.2.14
Salha Alqarni
This paper examines the elements of abstract motion as represented by coextension path expressions and access path expressions. The elements include Path, Manner, Duration, and Mover. It does so by comparing English and Arabic languages with the purpose of building a model for abstract motion in Arabic and of performing a comparative analysis of the linguistic representation of abstract motion in the two languages under consideration. The study found that the two types of abstract motion under consideration differ in how they express the four components of motion, namely, path, manner, duration, and mover. They also differ in the degree of specificity of each component and in perspective. Moreover, this paper attempted to draw a comparison between English and Arabic expression of abstract motion and found out that abstract motion represented by access and coextension path expressions exist in both languages in parallel ways except for some slight differences on the grammatical and semantic levels. It is discovered that abstract motion in both languages has a cognitive bias towards path and distance. This applies to both English and Arabic. There are differences between English and Arabic in the type of verbs used to realize abstract motion. Arabic uses a limited number of verbs in realizing abstract motion, which is different from verbs used for actual motion. Finally, the study is hoped to be useful in the characterization of abstract motion in Arabic and in understanding the difference between access paths and extension paths.
{"title":"Coextension Paths and Access Paths: A Comparative Study of Abstract Motion in English and Arabic","authors":"Salha Alqarni","doi":"10.32996/ijls.2022.2.2.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32996/ijls.2022.2.2.14","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the elements of abstract motion as represented by coextension path expressions and access path expressions. The elements include Path, Manner, Duration, and Mover. It does so by comparing English and Arabic languages with the purpose of building a model for abstract motion in Arabic and of performing a comparative analysis of the linguistic representation of abstract motion in the two languages under consideration. The study found that the two types of abstract motion under consideration differ in how they express the four components of motion, namely, path, manner, duration, and mover. They also differ in the degree of specificity of each component and in perspective. Moreover, this paper attempted to draw a comparison between English and Arabic expression of abstract motion and found out that abstract motion represented by access and coextension path expressions exist in both languages in parallel ways except for some slight differences on the grammatical and semantic levels. It is discovered that abstract motion in both languages has a cognitive bias towards path and distance. This applies to both English and Arabic. There are differences between English and Arabic in the type of verbs used to realize abstract motion. Arabic uses a limited number of verbs in realizing abstract motion, which is different from verbs used for actual motion. Finally, the study is hoped to be useful in the characterization of abstract motion in Arabic and in understanding the difference between access paths and extension paths.","PeriodicalId":188874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Linguistics Studies","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128443349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-29DOI: 10.32996/ijls.2022.2.2.13
Abraham Machani, H. Kebeya
This study is an analysis of lexical borrowing of nominals in Sabaot from Kiswahili. The two languages under study differ from each other in significant ways. Kiswahili, for example, is a language of the Niger-Congo family classified by Ethnologue as ISO 639-3: SWA, while on the other hand, Sabaot belongs to the Southern Nilotic group that occupies the Mount Elgon area. This research was guided by the specific objective; to investigate the spoken language of young, middle-aged, and older Sabaot/Kiswahili bilingual speakers. This research was guided by two theories, namely Borrowing Transfer Theory by Terence Odlin (1989) and Ethnolinguistic Vitality Theory (EVT) by Giles and Taylor (1977). As a way of data collection, a wordlist and questionnaires were issued to 30 Sabaot/Kiswahili bilinguals of Chepyuk ward in Bungoma County, Kenya. The results of the wordlist analysis indicated that there were extensive core borrowings of Kiswahili nouns into the Sabaot language. The findings further showed that the core borrowing of nouns was more among the younger and middle-aged than among the older Sabaot/Kiswahili bilinguals.
本研究分析了斯瓦希里语中萨巴特语名词的词汇借用情况。所研究的两种语言在许多重要方面彼此不同。例如，斯瓦希里语是尼日尔-刚果语系的一种语言，被民族语分类为ISO 639-3: SWA，而另一方面，萨巴特语属于南尼罗河语系，占据埃尔贡山地区。本研究以具体目标为指导;调查年轻、中年和老年萨巴特语/斯瓦希里语双语者的口语。本研究以两种理论为指导，即Terence Odlin(1989)的借用迁移理论和Giles and Taylor(1977)的民族语言活力理论(EVT)。作为收集数据的一种方式，向肯尼亚本戈马县切普尤克区的30名萨巴特语/斯瓦希里语双语者发放了一份词汇表和问卷。词表分析的结果表明，斯瓦希里语的名词在萨巴特语中有广泛的核心借用。研究结果进一步表明，年轻和中年双语者比年长的萨巴特/斯瓦希里语双语者更容易借用名词。
{"title":"Core/Cultural Borrowing in Sabaot from Kiswahili: An analysis of Sabaot/Kiswahili Bilinguals in Mount Elgon Region, Kenya","authors":"Abraham Machani, H. Kebeya","doi":"10.32996/ijls.2022.2.2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32996/ijls.2022.2.2.13","url":null,"abstract":"This study is an analysis of lexical borrowing of nominals in Sabaot from Kiswahili. The two languages under study differ from each other in significant ways. Kiswahili, for example, is a language of the Niger-Congo family classified by Ethnologue as ISO 639-3: SWA, while on the other hand, Sabaot belongs to the Southern Nilotic group that occupies the Mount Elgon area. This research was guided by the specific objective; to investigate the spoken language of young, middle-aged, and older Sabaot/Kiswahili bilingual speakers. This research was guided by two theories, namely Borrowing Transfer Theory by Terence Odlin (1989) and Ethnolinguistic Vitality Theory (EVT) by Giles and Taylor (1977). As a way of data collection, a wordlist and questionnaires were issued to 30 Sabaot/Kiswahili bilinguals of Chepyuk ward in Bungoma County, Kenya. The results of the wordlist analysis indicated that there were extensive core borrowings of Kiswahili nouns into the Sabaot language. The findings further showed that the core borrowing of nouns was more among the younger and middle-aged than among the older Sabaot/Kiswahili bilinguals.","PeriodicalId":188874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Linguistics Studies","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115065048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-08DOI: 10.32996/ijls.2022.2.2.12
Xinyue Wang
The ethnic groups mainly distributed in the northern People’s Republic of China include Manchu, Mongolian, Hui, Russian, Korean, Oroqen, Xibe, Hezhen, etc. According to the sixth National Census in 2010, the population of Oroqen is 8,659. In accordance with the 2021 China Statistical Yearbook, the Oroqen have a total population of 9,168. The Oroqen account for only about 0.03 percent of the ethnic minority population in northern China. Despite the rise of the Oroqen population from 2010 to 2021, the relative numbers of Oroqen people compared with other northern ethnic groups are still very small. When a language becomes endangered, there is more than one factor leading to the phenomenon. The assimilation of languages is an inevitable process in the course of globalization. But as a minority language, it stands for cultural consciousness. Under the background of integration, multi-ethnic cultures are particularly precious. The objective of the article is to maintain Oroqen language ideologies and cultural consciousness in the process of globalization and assimilation. This article traces the reasons that lead to the decline of minority language use in northern China by taking the Oroqen language as the case. In the meantime, since the Evenk language and Oroqen language are homologous, we might be able to gain a better understanding of language preservation by looking at how Russia protects the Evenk language. In order to restore the language's vitality, some measures can be taken to give the new Evenks generation more opportunities to connect with their own ethnic language. Finally, on the basis of the current situation of the Oroqen language, this study offers a few suggestions for language protection.
{"title":"A Study on the Endangered Language: Saving the Oroqens Language of Northern China","authors":"Xinyue Wang","doi":"10.32996/ijls.2022.2.2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32996/ijls.2022.2.2.12","url":null,"abstract":"The ethnic groups mainly distributed in the northern People’s Republic of China include Manchu, Mongolian, Hui, Russian, Korean, Oroqen, Xibe, Hezhen, etc. According to the sixth National Census in 2010, the population of Oroqen is 8,659. In accordance with the 2021 China Statistical Yearbook, the Oroqen have a total population of 9,168. The Oroqen account for only about 0.03 percent of the ethnic minority population in northern China. Despite the rise of the Oroqen population from 2010 to 2021, the relative numbers of Oroqen people compared with other northern ethnic groups are still very small. When a language becomes endangered, there is more than one factor leading to the phenomenon. The assimilation of languages is an inevitable process in the course of globalization. But as a minority language, it stands for cultural consciousness. Under the background of integration, multi-ethnic cultures are particularly precious. The objective of the article is to maintain Oroqen language ideologies and cultural consciousness in the process of globalization and assimilation. This article traces the reasons that lead to the decline of minority language use in northern China by taking the Oroqen language as the case. In the meantime, since the Evenk language and Oroqen language are homologous, we might be able to gain a better understanding of language preservation by looking at how Russia protects the Evenk language. In order to restore the language's vitality, some measures can be taken to give the new Evenks generation more opportunities to connect with their own ethnic language. Finally, on the basis of the current situation of the Oroqen language, this study offers a few suggestions for language protection.","PeriodicalId":188874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Linguistics Studies","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131808766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.32996/ijls.2022.2.2.11
Y. R. B. Bili
Kupang Malay noun phrases (NP) have a unique structure. The speakers often reorder the phrases to convey a particular meaning. However, the reordering of the words in the noun phrase also has boundaries. Due to the problem, this study investigated the type of Kupang NP, its reordering pattern, its effect on the semantic content, grammatical function, and constraints of the NP reordering. This research employed Fieldworks lexical explorer (Flex) built up by SIL teams to analyze the data. The data was gathered from the online Kupang Malay Bible website. Sixty data were chosen from four out of twenty-eight books within the bible. The books are called carita mula-mula (Old Testament), Mathew, Mark, and Luke. The data consist of 30 NPs with pre-modifiers and 30 NPs constructed by post-modifiers. The result shows that pre-modifiers noun phrases undergo more reordering because they are triggered by the constituents than post-modifiers noun phrases. Most word shift does not affect a noun phrase's meaning and grammatical function.
马来语名词短语(NP)具有独特的结构。讲话者经常把短语重新排列以表达特定的意思。然而，名词短语中单词的重新排序也有界限。针对这一问题，本研究探讨了固邦NP的类型、重组模式、对语义内容、语法功能的影响以及重组的约束条件。本研究使用由SIL团队所建立的Fieldworks lexical explorer (Flex)来分析资料。这些数据是从在线库邦马来圣经网站收集的。60个数据选自《圣经》28卷中的4卷。这些书被称为《旧约》、《马太福音》、《马可福音》和《路加福音》。数据由30个带有前置修饰语的np和30个带有后置修饰语的np组成。结果表明，前修饰语名词短语比后修饰语名词短语更容易发生重新排序，因为它们是由成分触发的。大多数词的移位并不影响名词短语的意义和语法功能。
{"title":"Reordering in Kupang Malay Noun Phrase","authors":"Y. R. B. Bili","doi":"10.32996/ijls.2022.2.2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32996/ijls.2022.2.2.11","url":null,"abstract":"Kupang Malay noun phrases (NP) have a unique structure. The speakers often reorder the phrases to convey a particular meaning. However, the reordering of the words in the noun phrase also has boundaries. Due to the problem, this study investigated the type of Kupang NP, its reordering pattern, its effect on the semantic content, grammatical function, and constraints of the NP reordering. This research employed Fieldworks lexical explorer (Flex) built up by SIL teams to analyze the data. The data was gathered from the online Kupang Malay Bible website. Sixty data were chosen from four out of twenty-eight books within the bible. The books are called carita mula-mula (Old Testament), Mathew, Mark, and Luke. The data consist of 30 NPs with pre-modifiers and 30 NPs constructed by post-modifiers. The result shows that pre-modifiers noun phrases undergo more reordering because they are triggered by the constituents than post-modifiers noun phrases. Most word shift does not affect a noun phrase's meaning and grammatical function.","PeriodicalId":188874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Linguistics Studies","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127953870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-25DOI: 10.32996/ijls.2022.2.2.10
Si Mohamed Chana
Critical thinking is one of the core soft skills required and highly appreciated to integrate into the job market. Moroccan preparatory classes (henceforth CPGE) are considered one of the educational institutions that aim to train future managers and engineers by boosting students’ cognitive abilities, notably critical thinking. However, an appropriate approach to learning is necessary for efficient critical thinking-based instruction; effective development of students learning approach certainly can contribute to the development of students’ cognitive abilities. Accordingly, this study aims at examining learning approaches and critical thinking skills levels from the CPGE teachers’ and students’ perspectives. It also tries to investigate the relationship between CPGE students’ critical thinking skills level and their use of different approaches to learning. Finally, the study considers some techniques and methods used by CPGE teachers to improve students’ learning approaches and, by extension, their critical thinking skills level. The study includes 60 students studying at Moulay Ismail CPGE Center, Meknes, and 32 teachers from different Moroccan CPGE centers. The concept of triangulation is used in this paper to cross-examine the findings and increase their reliability and credibility. The results yield that CPGE students learning approaches and critical thinking are mediocre; as for the relationship between the two variables, the analysis of the findings revealed a positive significant correlation between critical thinking learning and a deep approach to learning; the more CPGE students tend to rely on deep approaches to learning, the more they manage to improve their level of critical thinking skills.
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Pub Date : 2022-07-25DOI: 10.32996/ijls.2022.2.2.9
Reima Al-Jarf
English and Arabic have different types of collocations, i.e., groups of words that go together. This study aims to explore the difficulties that Saudi undergraduate student-translators have in translating English word + preposition collocations such as verb + preposition, noun + preposition, and adjective + preposition collocations to Arabic. A corpus of faulty word+ preposition collocations was collected from students-translators’ graduation projects to identify the types of translation errors, translation strategies, sources of translation errors and the contexts in which the translation errors occurred. A comparison of English and Arabic word + preposition collocations showed the following categories: (i) cases were the Arabic word + preposition collocations match those of their English equivalents in form and meaning (depend on يعتمد على, apologize for/to يعتذر لـ/عن , interested inمهتم بـ ) ; (ii) cases where a preposition is used in the English collocation but no preposition is used in the Arabic equivalent (wait for ينتظر ); (iii) cases where an Arabic preposition is used after a word but no such preposition is used in their English equivalent ( gave him tea قدم له الشاي, offered him a proposal عرض عليه اقتراح, stopped participating توقف عن المشاركة, lack somethingيفتقر إلى ). Results showed that the students mistranslated certain prepositions in word + preposition collocations. In 84% of the errors, the students substituted a preposition in the translation by a faulty one, in 13%, they added a preposition after an Arabic word that does not require a preposition, and in 3% they deleted a preposition from a translation that requires use of a preposition. In addition, 19% of the errors were interlingual (transfer errors from English) and 81% were intralingual due to inadequate competence in L1 (Arabic). 44% were extraneous errors, 21% were due to ignorance of Arabic language rules of preposition use and 18% were due to faulty common use of the preposition in the students’ local dialect. 86% were syntactic; 11% were semantic and 3% were stylistic errors. Results are reported in detail and implications for translation pedagogy are given.
英语和阿拉伯语有不同类型的搭配，也就是说，一组单词放在一起。本研究旨在探讨沙特大学生翻译在将英语单词+介词搭配(动词+介词、名词+介词、形容词+介词搭配)翻译成阿拉伯语时所遇到的困难。从学生-译者的毕业设计中收集了错误的词+介词搭配语料库，以确定翻译错误的类型，翻译策略，翻译错误的来源以及翻译错误发生的语境。英语和阿拉伯语单词+介词搭配的比较显示了以下类别:(i)阿拉伯语单词+介词搭配在形式和意义上与英语对等词匹配的情况(取决于يعتمد على， apologize for/to يعتذر لـ/عن， interested inمهتم بـ);(ii)在英语搭配中使用了介词，但在阿拉伯语搭配中没有使用介词的情况(等待ينتظر);(iii)在一个单词后面加了阿拉伯语介词，而在对应的英语单词后面没有加介词的情况(给他茶قدم له الشاي，向他求婚عرض عليه اقتراح，停止参加توقف عن المشاركة，缺少somethingيفتقر إلى)。结果表明，学生在单词+介词搭配中存在部分介词误译现象。在84%的错误中，学生们用一个错误的词替换了翻译中的介词，在13%的错误中，他们在一个不需要介词的阿拉伯词后面加了一个介词，在3%的错误中，他们从一个需要使用介词的翻译中删除了一个介词。此外，19%的错误是语际错误(从英语迁移错误)，81%的错误是由于母语(阿拉伯语)能力不足造成的语内错误。44%是外来错误，21%是由于不了解阿拉伯语介词的使用规则，18%是由于学生在当地方言中错误地使用介词。86%是语法问题;11%是语义错误，3%是文体错误。本文对研究结果进行了详细的报道，并对翻译教育学提出了启示。
{"title":"Undergraduate Student-Translators’ Difficulties in Translating English Word + Preposition Collocations to Arabic","authors":"Reima Al-Jarf","doi":"10.32996/ijls.2022.2.2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32996/ijls.2022.2.2.9","url":null,"abstract":"English and Arabic have different types of collocations, i.e., groups of words that go together. This study aims to explore the difficulties that Saudi undergraduate student-translators have in translating English word + preposition collocations such as verb + preposition, noun + preposition, and adjective + preposition collocations to Arabic. A corpus of faulty word+ preposition collocations was collected from students-translators’ graduation projects to identify the types of translation errors, translation strategies, sources of translation errors and the contexts in which the translation errors occurred. A comparison of English and Arabic word + preposition collocations showed the following categories: (i) cases were the Arabic word + preposition collocations match those of their English equivalents in form and meaning (depend on يعتمد على, apologize for/to يعتذر لـ/عن , interested inمهتم بـ ) ; (ii) cases where a preposition is used in the English collocation but no preposition is used in the Arabic equivalent (wait for ينتظر ); (iii) cases where an Arabic preposition is used after a word but no such preposition is used in their English equivalent ( gave him tea قدم له الشاي, offered him a proposal عرض عليه اقتراح, stopped participating توقف عن المشاركة, lack somethingيفتقر إلى ). Results showed that the students mistranslated certain prepositions in word + preposition collocations. In 84% of the errors, the students substituted a preposition in the translation by a faulty one, in 13%, they added a preposition after an Arabic word that does not require a preposition, and in 3% they deleted a preposition from a translation that requires use of a preposition. In addition, 19% of the errors were interlingual (transfer errors from English) and 81% were intralingual due to inadequate competence in L1 (Arabic). 44% were extraneous errors, 21% were due to ignorance of Arabic language rules of preposition use and 18% were due to faulty common use of the preposition in the students’ local dialect. 86% were syntactic; 11% were semantic and 3% were stylistic errors. Results are reported in detail and implications for translation pedagogy are given.","PeriodicalId":188874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Linguistics Studies","volume":"2011 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128004191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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