Pub Date : 2025-12-23DOI: 10.1038/s41565-025-02071-3
Wang Ying, Chuanhao Zheng, Chunli Gong, Junxiao Yuan, Guoyang Xu, Jin Zhou, Chaoqiang Fan, Yuchen Zhang, Jie Luo, Ruijue Dan, Yu Huang, Xin Li, Weiyan Chen, Kebin Zhang, Malcolm Xing, Lei Wang, Hao Wang, Shiming Yang, Qiang Luo
Limited immune cell infiltration is the main reason for poor immunotherapeutic efficacy in colorectal cancer patients. Here we design a peptide-based nanorobot that recognizes PD-L1 and breaks cancer cell membranes by in situ forming fibrils through a pH-responsive module. The nanorobot shows long retention in targeted tumours (>120 h) through interaction with PD-L1 and blocks PD-1/PD-L1 to activate the T cell killing effect. At the same time, in the tumour microenvironment (pH 6.5), it forms fibrils that break the cancer cell membrane, inducing immunogenic cell death with the release of damage-associated molecular patterns and the subsequent infiltration of T cells. The nanorobot shows higher therapeutic efficacy than the regimen of αPD-L1+oxaliplatin in a variety of colorectal-cancer-tumour-bearing mouse models and has good biocompatibility due to the targeted breakage of cancer cells, exhibiting great potential for colorectal cancer immunotherapy in clinic. A peptide-based PD-L1-targeted nanorobot disrupts cancer cell membranes via pH-responsive fibril formation, and enhances T cell infiltration and immune activation, inducing a potent anticancer response in animal models of colorectal cancer.
{"title":"Nanorobots hold PD-L1 and break membrane of colorectal cancer cells for immunotherapy","authors":"Wang Ying, Chuanhao Zheng, Chunli Gong, Junxiao Yuan, Guoyang Xu, Jin Zhou, Chaoqiang Fan, Yuchen Zhang, Jie Luo, Ruijue Dan, Yu Huang, Xin Li, Weiyan Chen, Kebin Zhang, Malcolm Xing, Lei Wang, Hao Wang, Shiming Yang, Qiang Luo","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-02071-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-025-02071-3","url":null,"abstract":"Limited immune cell infiltration is the main reason for poor immunotherapeutic efficacy in colorectal cancer patients. Here we design a peptide-based nanorobot that recognizes PD-L1 and breaks cancer cell membranes by in situ forming fibrils through a pH-responsive module. The nanorobot shows long retention in targeted tumours (>120 h) through interaction with PD-L1 and blocks PD-1/PD-L1 to activate the T cell killing effect. At the same time, in the tumour microenvironment (pH 6.5), it forms fibrils that break the cancer cell membrane, inducing immunogenic cell death with the release of damage-associated molecular patterns and the subsequent infiltration of T cells. The nanorobot shows higher therapeutic efficacy than the regimen of αPD-L1+oxaliplatin in a variety of colorectal-cancer-tumour-bearing mouse models and has good biocompatibility due to the targeted breakage of cancer cells, exhibiting great potential for colorectal cancer immunotherapy in clinic. A peptide-based PD-L1-targeted nanorobot disrupts cancer cell membranes via pH-responsive fibril formation, and enhances T cell infiltration and immune activation, inducing a potent anticancer response in animal models of colorectal cancer.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"21 1","pages":"156-167"},"PeriodicalIF":34.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145808176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-23DOI: 10.1038/s41565-025-02070-4
In-Yong Suh, Young-Jun Kim, Sang-Woo Kim
A hand-rotation-powered, nanomaterial-enabled disinfection system generates reactive oxygen species that rapidly disinfect a wide range of pathogens by leveraging mechanically induced interfacial electric fields. This electricity-free operation, having high efficiency, safety and long-lasting microbial protection, offers a robust, portable solution for clean-water access in disaster situations and in environments where the electricity grid is unavailable.
{"title":"Portable hand-powered nanocatalysis for water disinfection","authors":"In-Yong Suh, Young-Jun Kim, Sang-Woo Kim","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-02070-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-025-02070-4","url":null,"abstract":"A hand-rotation-powered, nanomaterial-enabled disinfection system generates reactive oxygen species that rapidly disinfect a wide range of pathogens by leveraging mechanically induced interfacial electric fields. This electricity-free operation, having high efficiency, safety and long-lasting microbial protection, offers a robust, portable solution for clean-water access in disaster situations and in environments where the electricity grid is unavailable.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"21 1","pages":"15-16"},"PeriodicalIF":34.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145813383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Single-crystal Ni-rich layered oxides (SC-NMC) with a grain-boundary-free configuration have effectively addressed the long-standing cracking issue of conventional polycrystalline Ni-rich materials (PC-NMC) in lithium-ion batteries, prompting a shift in optimization strategies. However, continued reliance on anisotropic lattice volume change-a well-established failure indicator in PC-NMC-as a metric for understanding strain and guiding compositional design for SC-NMC becomes controversial. Here, by leveraging multiscale diagnostic techniques, we unravelled the distinct nanoscopic strain evolution in SC-NMC during battery operation, challenging the conventional composition-driven strategies and mechanical degradation indicators used for PC-NMC. Through particle-level chemomechanical analysis, we reveal a decoupling between mechanical stability and lattice volume change in SC-NMC, identifying that structural instability in SC materials is primarily driven by multidimensional lattice distortions induced by kinetics-driven reaction heterogeneity and progressively deactivating chemical phases. Using this mechanical failure mode, we redefine the roles of cobalt and manganese in maintaining mechanical stability. Unlike cobalt's detrimental role in PC-NMC, we find cobalt to be critical in enhancing the longevity of SC-NMC by mitigating localized strain along the extended diffusion pathway, whereas manganese exacerbates mechanical degradation.
{"title":"Nanoscopic strain evolution in single-crystal battery positive electrodes.","authors":"Jing Wang,Tongchao Liu,Weiyuan Huang,Lei Yu,Haozhe Zhang,Tao Zhou,Tianyi Li,Xiaojing Huang,Xianghui Xiao,Lu Ma,Martin V Holt,Kun Ryu,Rachid Amine,Wenqian Xu,Luxi Li,Jianguo Wen,Ying Shirley Meng,Khalil Amine","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-02079-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-02079-9","url":null,"abstract":"Single-crystal Ni-rich layered oxides (SC-NMC) with a grain-boundary-free configuration have effectively addressed the long-standing cracking issue of conventional polycrystalline Ni-rich materials (PC-NMC) in lithium-ion batteries, prompting a shift in optimization strategies. However, continued reliance on anisotropic lattice volume change-a well-established failure indicator in PC-NMC-as a metric for understanding strain and guiding compositional design for SC-NMC becomes controversial. Here, by leveraging multiscale diagnostic techniques, we unravelled the distinct nanoscopic strain evolution in SC-NMC during battery operation, challenging the conventional composition-driven strategies and mechanical degradation indicators used for PC-NMC. Through particle-level chemomechanical analysis, we reveal a decoupling between mechanical stability and lattice volume change in SC-NMC, identifying that structural instability in SC materials is primarily driven by multidimensional lattice distortions induced by kinetics-driven reaction heterogeneity and progressively deactivating chemical phases. Using this mechanical failure mode, we redefine the roles of cobalt and manganese in maintaining mechanical stability. Unlike cobalt's detrimental role in PC-NMC, we find cobalt to be critical in enhancing the longevity of SC-NMC by mitigating localized strain along the extended diffusion pathway, whereas manganese exacerbates mechanical degradation.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":38.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145765300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-15DOI: 10.1038/s41565-025-02090-0
Shu Zhang, Puyi Ma, Oubo You, Shenghan Zhou, Kaijun Feng, Hongyi Yuan, Jinhao Zhang, Chenchen Wu, Yang Luo, Bei Yang, Cheng-Wei Qiu, Xiaoxia Yang, Xiangdong Guo, Yichun Liu, Shuang Zhang, Qing Dai
Advances in polaritonic materials, where coupling between light and matter creates hybrid states, have enhanced our ability to control light propagation at nano and atomic scales. Conventional polariton modulation techniques, particularly topological modulation, are limited by the stringent momentum-matching requirement between light and the material’s coupling mode. Here we propose a phonon-engineering strategy that utilizes anisotropic phononic materials in α-MoO3 to transform circular surface polaritons into hyperbolic asymptotic line polaritons (HALPs) in high-symmetry AlN semiconductors. This approach circumvents the strict requirement for momentum matching via phonon-induced anisotropic Lorentz-type dielectric oscillations. Our system shows broadband modulation of HALP in AlN (~55 cm−1), achieving an approximate 90° tuning range for the isofrequency contour’s open angle. This enables precise phase control for diffraction-free zero-phase propagation. Notably, precise control of atomic isotopes and crystal structure allows further modulation of HALP propagation directions. Our strategy can be generalized to other systems to achieve hyperbolic polaritons in high-symmetry materials.
{"title":"Phonon engineering enables hyperbolic asymptotic line polaritons","authors":"Shu Zhang, Puyi Ma, Oubo You, Shenghan Zhou, Kaijun Feng, Hongyi Yuan, Jinhao Zhang, Chenchen Wu, Yang Luo, Bei Yang, Cheng-Wei Qiu, Xiaoxia Yang, Xiangdong Guo, Yichun Liu, Shuang Zhang, Qing Dai","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-02090-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-02090-0","url":null,"abstract":"Advances in polaritonic materials, where coupling between light and matter creates hybrid states, have enhanced our ability to control light propagation at nano and atomic scales. Conventional polariton modulation techniques, particularly topological modulation, are limited by the stringent momentum-matching requirement between light and the material’s coupling mode. Here we propose a phonon-engineering strategy that utilizes anisotropic phononic materials in α-MoO3 to transform circular surface polaritons into hyperbolic asymptotic line polaritons (HALPs) in high-symmetry AlN semiconductors. This approach circumvents the strict requirement for momentum matching via phonon-induced anisotropic Lorentz-type dielectric oscillations. Our system shows broadband modulation of HALP in AlN (~55 cm−1), achieving an approximate 90° tuning range for the isofrequency contour’s open angle. This enables precise phase control for diffraction-free zero-phase propagation. Notably, precise control of atomic isotopes and crystal structure allows further modulation of HALP propagation directions. Our strategy can be generalized to other systems to achieve hyperbolic polaritons in high-symmetry materials.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":38.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145759846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-15DOI: 10.1038/s41565-025-02086-w
Kun Zhou, Minhwan Chung, Shankar Pandey, Jing Cheng, John T. Powell, Qi Yan, Jun Liu, Yong Xiong, Martin A. Schwartz, Chenxiang Lin
Force-induced changes in protein structure and function mediate cellular responses to mechanical stresses that are important in human development, physiology and diseases. However, existing methods to study proteins under mechanical force are generally single-molecule techniques unsuitable for biochemical and structural analysis. Taking advantage of DNA nanotechnology, including the well-defined geometry of DNA origami and the programmable mechanics of DNA hairpins, we built a nanodevice to apply controlled forces to proteins. This device was used to study the R1-R2 segment of the talin1 rod domain as a model protein. R1-R2 consists of two α-helical bundles that reversibly unfold under tension to expose binding sites for the cytoskeletal protein vinculin. Electron microscopy confirmed tension-dependent protein extension, and biochemical analysis demonstrated enhanced vinculin binding under tension. Using the device in pull-down assays with cell lysates, we identified filamins as novel tension-dependent talin binders. The DNA nanodevice thus provides a valuable molecular tool for studying mechanosensitive proteins on a biochemical scale.
{"title":"DNA nanodevice for analysis of force-activated protein extension and interactions","authors":"Kun Zhou, Minhwan Chung, Shankar Pandey, Jing Cheng, John T. Powell, Qi Yan, Jun Liu, Yong Xiong, Martin A. Schwartz, Chenxiang Lin","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-02086-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-02086-w","url":null,"abstract":"Force-induced changes in protein structure and function mediate cellular responses to mechanical stresses that are important in human development, physiology and diseases. However, existing methods to study proteins under mechanical force are generally single-molecule techniques unsuitable for biochemical and structural analysis. Taking advantage of DNA nanotechnology, including the well-defined geometry of DNA origami and the programmable mechanics of DNA hairpins, we built a nanodevice to apply controlled forces to proteins. This device was used to study the R1-R2 segment of the talin1 rod domain as a model protein. R1-R2 consists of two α-helical bundles that reversibly unfold under tension to expose binding sites for the cytoskeletal protein vinculin. Electron microscopy confirmed tension-dependent protein extension, and biochemical analysis demonstrated enhanced vinculin binding under tension. Using the device in pull-down assays with cell lysates, we identified filamins as novel tension-dependent talin binders. The DNA nanodevice thus provides a valuable molecular tool for studying mechanosensitive proteins on a biochemical scale.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":38.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145759845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-15DOI: 10.1038/s41565-025-02089-7
Guoyun Gao, Bo Wen, Ni Yang, Zhiyuan Du, Mingrui Jiang, Ruibin Mao, Rui Qiu, Yingnan Cao, Hongxia Xue, Deng Zou, Pak San Yip, Qihan Liu, Yi Wan, Dong-Keun Ki, Jinyao Tang, Paddy K. L. Chan, Hao Jiang, Han Wang, Lain-Jong Li, Can Li
The explosion of artificial intelligence and edge devices has exposed a critical bottleneck in traditional hardware: the slow data transfer between memory and processing. Content-addressable memories offer a promising solution by processing information directly within the memory, but existing implementations using static random-access memory and, more recently, those using emerging non-volatile memories are constrained by the performance of silicon transistors. Here we introduce an analogue content-addressable memory utilizing atomically thin two-dimensional MoS2 flash memories with semimetal antimony contacts. Our device achieves a high read-out current (60 μA μm−1) and large ON/OFF ratios (>109) in two-dimensional flash memories. These breakthroughs have led to very low energy consumption (under 0.1 fJ per search per cell) and latency (36 ps) during analogue in-memory search operations within our 8 × 16 analogue content-addressable memory array, featuring 256 MoS2 flash memory devices. We have also successfully demonstrated analogue Hamming distance computing for k-nearest neighbour classification, showcasing high accuracy, high energy efficiency and low latency for machine learning applications. This research highlights the transformative potential of two-dimensional materials in overcoming current hardware limitations, enabling more efficient and scalable computing solutions in intelligent edge devices.
{"title":"Sb-contacted MoS2 flash memory for analogue in-memory searches","authors":"Guoyun Gao, Bo Wen, Ni Yang, Zhiyuan Du, Mingrui Jiang, Ruibin Mao, Rui Qiu, Yingnan Cao, Hongxia Xue, Deng Zou, Pak San Yip, Qihan Liu, Yi Wan, Dong-Keun Ki, Jinyao Tang, Paddy K. L. Chan, Hao Jiang, Han Wang, Lain-Jong Li, Can Li","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-02089-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-02089-7","url":null,"abstract":"The explosion of artificial intelligence and edge devices has exposed a critical bottleneck in traditional hardware: the slow data transfer between memory and processing. Content-addressable memories offer a promising solution by processing information directly within the memory, but existing implementations using static random-access memory and, more recently, those using emerging non-volatile memories are constrained by the performance of silicon transistors. Here we introduce an analogue content-addressable memory utilizing atomically thin two-dimensional MoS2 flash memories with semimetal antimony contacts. Our device achieves a high read-out current (60 μA μm−1) and large ON/OFF ratios (>109) in two-dimensional flash memories. These breakthroughs have led to very low energy consumption (under 0.1 fJ per search per cell) and latency (36 ps) during analogue in-memory search operations within our 8 × 16 analogue content-addressable memory array, featuring 256 MoS2 flash memory devices. We have also successfully demonstrated analogue Hamming distance computing for k-nearest neighbour classification, showcasing high accuracy, high energy efficiency and low latency for machine learning applications. This research highlights the transformative potential of two-dimensional materials in overcoming current hardware limitations, enabling more efficient and scalable computing solutions in intelligent edge devices.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":38.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145759848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-12DOI: 10.1038/s41565-025-02105-w
The path towards high technology readiness levels in nanotechnology research and development goes through the sustainability route.
在纳米技术研究和发展中，通往高技术准备水平的道路是通过可持续性路线的。
{"title":"Linking nanotechnology and sustainability","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-02105-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-025-02105-w","url":null,"abstract":"The path towards high technology readiness levels in nanotechnology research and development goes through the sustainability route.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"20 12","pages":"1713-1713"},"PeriodicalIF":34.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41565-025-02105-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145742756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-12DOI: 10.1038/s41565-025-02097-7
Zeyu Zhang, Juan Du
Picosecond quantum transients have been traced to nanotwinning superlattices in bulk FAPbI3 films, using a combination of ultrafast spectroscopy and microscopy.
皮秒量子瞬态已被追踪到体FAPbI3薄膜中的纳米孪晶超晶格，使用超快光谱和显微镜相结合。
{"title":"Visualizing the origin of picosecond quantum transients","authors":"Zeyu Zhang, Juan Du","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-02097-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-025-02097-7","url":null,"abstract":"Picosecond quantum transients have been traced to nanotwinning superlattices in bulk FAPbI3 films, using a combination of ultrafast spectroscopy and microscopy.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"20 12","pages":"1721-1722"},"PeriodicalIF":34.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145732827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-12DOI: 10.1038/s41565-025-02096-8
Mark Peplow
Advances in materials science, microelectronics and semiconductor manufacturing are helping these devices to benefit patients.
材料科学、微电子和半导体制造的进步正在帮助这些设备造福患者。
{"title":"Brain–computer interfaces race to the clinic","authors":"Mark Peplow","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-02096-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-025-02096-8","url":null,"abstract":"Advances in materials science, microelectronics and semiconductor manufacturing are helping these devices to benefit patients.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"20 12","pages":"1714-1716"},"PeriodicalIF":34.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145732828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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