Pub Date : 2026-01-28DOI: 10.1038/s41565-025-02085-x
Jean-Jacques Greffet,Aurelian Loirette-Pelous
The emission of electromagnetic waves from solids encompasses a wide range of processes, including incandescence, fluorescence, electroluminescence, scintillation, cathodoluminescence and light emission from inelastic tunnelling. Different models can be used to describe them; for example, thermal emission from hot bodies is computed using statistical physics, photon emission from an excited electron is treated with quantum mechanics and emission from a current in an antenna is quantitatively described by Maxwell's equations. However, most emitting systems involve statistical ensembles of excited electrons interacting with complex electromagnetic environments, so a blend of the three approaches is needed. The purpose of this Review is to provide a unified framework that combines recent theoretical works that have been developed to quantitatively account for light emission processes in solids. We begin with an overview of the electrodynamics approach used to model incandescence. This framework is then extended to describe light emission from optically or electrically pumped semiconductors. Finally, we generalize the procedure to strongly non-equilibrium systems and illustrate its application through several examples.
{"title":"A unified model for light emission from solids.","authors":"Jean-Jacques Greffet,Aurelian Loirette-Pelous","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-02085-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-02085-x","url":null,"abstract":"The emission of electromagnetic waves from solids encompasses a wide range of processes, including incandescence, fluorescence, electroluminescence, scintillation, cathodoluminescence and light emission from inelastic tunnelling. Different models can be used to describe them; for example, thermal emission from hot bodies is computed using statistical physics, photon emission from an excited electron is treated with quantum mechanics and emission from a current in an antenna is quantitatively described by Maxwell's equations. However, most emitting systems involve statistical ensembles of excited electrons interacting with complex electromagnetic environments, so a blend of the three approaches is needed. The purpose of this Review is to provide a unified framework that combines recent theoretical works that have been developed to quantitatively account for light emission processes in solids. We begin with an overview of the electrodynamics approach used to model incandescence. This framework is then extended to describe light emission from optically or electrically pumped semiconductors. Finally, we generalize the procedure to strongly non-equilibrium systems and illustrate its application through several examples.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":38.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146070113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-28DOI: 10.1038/s41565-025-02121-w
Nirmal Roy, Pengua Ying, Simon Salleh Atri, Yoav Sharaby, Noam Raab, Youngki Yeo, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Michael Urbakh, Oded Hod, Moshe Ben Shalom
Graphitic polytypes—commensurate stacking variants of graphene layers—exhibit pronounced stacking-dependent properties, including intrinsic polarization, orbital magnetism and unconventional superconductivity. Previous attempts to switch between these polytypes required micrometre-scale domains and micronewton loading forces, severely limiting practical multi-ferroic functionality. Here we demonstrate fully reversible transformations of Bernal tetralayers to rhombohedral crystals down to 30-nanometre-scale dimensions, using <1 nanonewton lateral shear forces and an energy of <1 femtojoule per switching event. We achieve this by inserting an intentionally misaligned spacer, patterned by nanometre-scale cavities, between a pair of aligned bilayers. Within each cavity, the active bilayers sag to form stable single-domain polytypes, whereas outside the cavities, the layers slide freely over superlubric, incommensurate interfaces with ultralow friction. Conducting-probe force-microscopy experiments, supported by force-field calculations, reveal edge-nucleated boundary solitons that slide spontaneously to switch the commensurate domains, indicating ultralow pinning and long-range strain relaxations extending tens of nanometres beyond the islands. By engineering cavity geometries, we program elastic coupling between neighbouring islands and tune switching thresholds and trajectories. This reconfigurable slidetronic control establishes a robust route to multi-ferroic response and elastically coupled switching among distinct stacking states.
{"title":"Switching graphitic polytypes in elastically coupled cavities","authors":"Nirmal Roy, Pengua Ying, Simon Salleh Atri, Yoav Sharaby, Noam Raab, Youngki Yeo, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Michael Urbakh, Oded Hod, Moshe Ben Shalom","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-02121-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-02121-w","url":null,"abstract":"Graphitic polytypes—commensurate stacking variants of graphene layers—exhibit pronounced stacking-dependent properties, including intrinsic polarization, orbital magnetism and unconventional superconductivity. Previous attempts to switch between these polytypes required micrometre-scale domains and micronewton loading forces, severely limiting practical multi-ferroic functionality. Here we demonstrate fully reversible transformations of Bernal tetralayers to rhombohedral crystals down to 30-nanometre-scale dimensions, using <1 nanonewton lateral shear forces and an energy of <1 femtojoule per switching event. We achieve this by inserting an intentionally misaligned spacer, patterned by nanometre-scale cavities, between a pair of aligned bilayers. Within each cavity, the active bilayers sag to form stable single-domain polytypes, whereas outside the cavities, the layers slide freely over superlubric, incommensurate interfaces with ultralow friction. Conducting-probe force-microscopy experiments, supported by force-field calculations, reveal edge-nucleated boundary solitons that slide spontaneously to switch the commensurate domains, indicating ultralow pinning and long-range strain relaxations extending tens of nanometres beyond the islands. By engineering cavity geometries, we program elastic coupling between neighbouring islands and tune switching thresholds and trajectories. This reconfigurable slidetronic control establishes a robust route to multi-ferroic response and elastically coupled switching among distinct stacking states.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":38.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146057186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-21DOI: 10.1038/s41565-025-02054-4
Daniel Timmer, Moritz Gittinger, Thomas Quenzel, Alisson R. Cadore, Barbara L. T. Rosa, Wenshan Li, Giancarlo Soavi, Daniel C. Lünemann, Sven Stephan, Lara Greten, Marten Richter, Andreas Knorr, Antonietta De Sio, Martin Silies, Giulio Cerullo, Andrea C. Ferrari, Christoph Lienau
Exciton polaritons based on atomically thin semiconductors are essential building blocks of quantum optoelectronic devices. Their properties are governed by an ultrafast and oscillatory energy transfer between their excitonic and photonic constituents, resulting in the formation of polaritonic quasiparticles with pronounced nonlinearities induced by the excitonic component. In metallic, plasmonic nanoresonators, dissipation phenomena limit the polariton lifetime to a few tens of femtoseconds, so short that the role of these polaritons for the nonlinear response of such hybrids is yet unexplored. Here we use ultrafast two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) to uncover coherent polariton dynamics in a hybrid monolayer (1L) WS2/plasmonic nanostructure. With respect to an uncoupled WS2 flake, we observe an over 20-fold, polarization-dependent enhancement of the optical nonlinearity and a rapid evolution of the 2DES spectra within ~70 fs. We relate these dynamics to a transition from coherent polaritons to incoherent excitations, unravel the microscopic origin of the optical nonlinearities and show the potential of coherent polaritons for ultrafast all-optical switching.
{"title":"Ultrafast transition from coherent to incoherent polariton nonlinearities in a hybrid 1L-WS2/plasmon structure","authors":"Daniel Timmer, Moritz Gittinger, Thomas Quenzel, Alisson R. Cadore, Barbara L. T. Rosa, Wenshan Li, Giancarlo Soavi, Daniel C. Lünemann, Sven Stephan, Lara Greten, Marten Richter, Andreas Knorr, Antonietta De Sio, Martin Silies, Giulio Cerullo, Andrea C. Ferrari, Christoph Lienau","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-02054-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-02054-4","url":null,"abstract":"Exciton polaritons based on atomically thin semiconductors are essential building blocks of quantum optoelectronic devices. Their properties are governed by an ultrafast and oscillatory energy transfer between their excitonic and photonic constituents, resulting in the formation of polaritonic quasiparticles with pronounced nonlinearities induced by the excitonic component. In metallic, plasmonic nanoresonators, dissipation phenomena limit the polariton lifetime to a few tens of femtoseconds, so short that the role of these polaritons for the nonlinear response of such hybrids is yet unexplored. Here we use ultrafast two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) to uncover coherent polariton dynamics in a hybrid monolayer (1L) WS2/plasmonic nanostructure. With respect to an uncoupled WS2 flake, we observe an over 20-fold, polarization-dependent enhancement of the optical nonlinearity and a rapid evolution of the 2DES spectra within ~70 fs. We relate these dynamics to a transition from coherent polaritons to incoherent excitations, unravel the microscopic origin of the optical nonlinearities and show the potential of coherent polaritons for ultrafast all-optical switching.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":38.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146005985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The emergent properties of materials are governed by the symmetries of their underlying atomic, spin and charge order. Therefore, intrinsic material properties usually constrain the exploration of symmetry-breaking effects. Focused ion beam (FIB) fabrication now enables the structuring of bulk crystals into ultraprecise transport devices, allowing the study of geometrical symmetry breaking on mesoscopic length scales. Here we extend FIB nanostructuring into three-dimensional, curvilinear geometries. Using single crystals of the high-mobility, centrosymmetric magnetic Weyl semimetal Co3Sn2S2, we sculpt helices with lengths of 3–14 μm, diameters of 1–4 μm and pitches ranging from 500 nm to 2 μm. Lock-in measurements on the helical devices at temperatures between 10 K and 190 K show that the combination of imposed inversion symmetry-breaking geometry and ferromagnetism yields non-reciprocal electron transport—or diode effect—at zero applied magnetic field, exceeding classical self-field expectations by orders of magnitude at low temperatures. We attribute this behaviour to the quasi-ballistic motion of carriers as the mean free path approaches the length scale of the chiral device geometry. Finally, we show that current pulses can switch the magnetization of the device. These results highlight the potential of FIB nanosculpting to engineer symmetry and functionality beyond conventional device geometries.
{"title":"Nanosculpted 3D helices of a magnetic Weyl semimetal with switchable non-reciprocal electron transport","authors":"Max T. Birch, Yukako Fujishiro, Ilya Belopolski, Masataka Mogi, Yi-Ling Chiew, Zhuolin Li, Xiuzhen Yu, Naoto Nagaosa, Minoru Kawamura, Yoshinori Tokura","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-02104-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-02104-x","url":null,"abstract":"The emergent properties of materials are governed by the symmetries of their underlying atomic, spin and charge order. Therefore, intrinsic material properties usually constrain the exploration of symmetry-breaking effects. Focused ion beam (FIB) fabrication now enables the structuring of bulk crystals into ultraprecise transport devices, allowing the study of geometrical symmetry breaking on mesoscopic length scales. Here we extend FIB nanostructuring into three-dimensional, curvilinear geometries. Using single crystals of the high-mobility, centrosymmetric magnetic Weyl semimetal Co3Sn2S2, we sculpt helices with lengths of 3–14 μm, diameters of 1–4 μm and pitches ranging from 500 nm to 2 μm. Lock-in measurements on the helical devices at temperatures between 10 K and 190 K show that the combination of imposed inversion symmetry-breaking geometry and ferromagnetism yields non-reciprocal electron transport—or diode effect—at zero applied magnetic field, exceeding classical self-field expectations by orders of magnitude at low temperatures. We attribute this behaviour to the quasi-ballistic motion of carriers as the mean free path approaches the length scale of the chiral device geometry. Finally, we show that current pulses can switch the magnetization of the device. These results highlight the potential of FIB nanosculpting to engineer symmetry and functionality beyond conventional device geometries.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":38.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146005994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-21DOI: 10.1038/s41565-025-02107-8
Liming Zhao, Kyle L. O’Donnell, Megha Dubey, Yuting Wang, Nathan R. Martinez, Yunxiao Zhang, Holly M. Steininger, Chao Ma, Vamsee Mallajosyula, Lorene L. Y. Lee, Rovin N. Lachmansingh, Suzan Stavitsky, Eri Takematsu, Malachia Y. Hoover, Honglin Chen, Jing Guo, Annette Wu, Yifan Ma, Xiaotian Wang, Ansel P. Nalin, Seong Dong Jeong, Wan-Jin Lu, Patricia K. Nguyen, Chad S. Clancy, Michal C. Tal, Jun Xiao, Michael T. Longaker, Andrew S. Lee, Betty Y. S. Kim, Thomas H. Ambrosi, Irving L. Weissman, Mark M. Davis, Kim J. Hasenkrug, Yueh-hsiu Chien, Wen Jiang, Andrea Marzi, Charles K. F. Chan
Despite advances in vaccine and antiviral drug development, the prevention of respiratory viral infection and transmission remains a substantial challenge worldwide. One obvious limitation of these approaches is that they do not provide robust protection at the initial site of infection, which is the respiratory mucosa. Currently, strategies to enhance mucosal immunity against respiratory pathogens remain lacking. Here we engineered mucus-tethering bispecific nanobodies designed to provide the simultaneous neutralization of viruses by binding to their surface proteins and the entrapment of viruses within the mucus by securing them to mucin. Compared with conventional non-mucus-tethering nanobodies, these mucus-tethering bispecific nanobodies demonstrated increased retention in the respiratory tract, provided enhanced protection against influenza viral infection in mice and reduced SARS-CoV-2 transmission in hamsters. Together, our findings represent a promising strategy for enhancing mucosal defences against respiratory viruses by blocking viral entry and limiting onward transmission.
{"title":"Engineered mucus-tethering bispecific nanobodies enhance mucosal immunity against respiratory pathogens","authors":"Liming Zhao, Kyle L. O’Donnell, Megha Dubey, Yuting Wang, Nathan R. Martinez, Yunxiao Zhang, Holly M. Steininger, Chao Ma, Vamsee Mallajosyula, Lorene L. Y. Lee, Rovin N. Lachmansingh, Suzan Stavitsky, Eri Takematsu, Malachia Y. Hoover, Honglin Chen, Jing Guo, Annette Wu, Yifan Ma, Xiaotian Wang, Ansel P. Nalin, Seong Dong Jeong, Wan-Jin Lu, Patricia K. Nguyen, Chad S. Clancy, Michal C. Tal, Jun Xiao, Michael T. Longaker, Andrew S. Lee, Betty Y. S. Kim, Thomas H. Ambrosi, Irving L. Weissman, Mark M. Davis, Kim J. Hasenkrug, Yueh-hsiu Chien, Wen Jiang, Andrea Marzi, Charles K. F. Chan","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-02107-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-02107-8","url":null,"abstract":"Despite advances in vaccine and antiviral drug development, the prevention of respiratory viral infection and transmission remains a substantial challenge worldwide. One obvious limitation of these approaches is that they do not provide robust protection at the initial site of infection, which is the respiratory mucosa. Currently, strategies to enhance mucosal immunity against respiratory pathogens remain lacking. Here we engineered mucus-tethering bispecific nanobodies designed to provide the simultaneous neutralization of viruses by binding to their surface proteins and the entrapment of viruses within the mucus by securing them to mucin. Compared with conventional non-mucus-tethering nanobodies, these mucus-tethering bispecific nanobodies demonstrated increased retention in the respiratory tract, provided enhanced protection against influenza viral infection in mice and reduced SARS-CoV-2 transmission in hamsters. Together, our findings represent a promising strategy for enhancing mucosal defences against respiratory viruses by blocking viral entry and limiting onward transmission.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":38.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146005988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1038/s41565-025-02081-1
Yang Liu, Xue Xia, Yunjiao Zhang, Meng Zheng, Kam W Leong, Bingyang Shi
Recent findings indicate that nanoparticles (NPs) can mediate targeted protein degradation (TPD) with versatility and efficiency. Studies have shown that ligand-modified NPs can effectively degrade both extracellular and intracellular proteins of interest through an autolysosome-involved degradation pathway, independent of both NPs and ligand types. This phenomenon, where ligand-modified NPs shuttle proteins of interest towards degradation, may prompt researchers to rethink the design of ligand-NPs, incorporating TPD as an additional functionality beyond conventional delivery. Moreover, this approach has the potential to revolutionize the field of TPD by transitioning from labour-intensive, case-specific designs to a broadly adaptable 'plug-and-play' platform that makes full use of the in vivo delivery potential of NPs. This Perspective discusses the evolution of current TPD tools, the desired features of next-generation technologies, and the potential and challenges of NP-mediated targeting chimeras for TPD, highlighting emerging trends and raising awareness of this promising field.
{"title":"Nanoparticle-mediated targeting chimeras transform targeted protein degradation.","authors":"Yang Liu, Xue Xia, Yunjiao Zhang, Meng Zheng, Kam W Leong, Bingyang Shi","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-02081-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-02081-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent findings indicate that nanoparticles (NPs) can mediate targeted protein degradation (TPD) with versatility and efficiency. Studies have shown that ligand-modified NPs can effectively degrade both extracellular and intracellular proteins of interest through an autolysosome-involved degradation pathway, independent of both NPs and ligand types. This phenomenon, where ligand-modified NPs shuttle proteins of interest towards degradation, may prompt researchers to rethink the design of ligand-NPs, incorporating TPD as an additional functionality beyond conventional delivery. Moreover, this approach has the potential to revolutionize the field of TPD by transitioning from labour-intensive, case-specific designs to a broadly adaptable 'plug-and-play' platform that makes full use of the in vivo delivery potential of NPs. This Perspective discusses the evolution of current TPD tools, the desired features of next-generation technologies, and the potential and challenges of NP-mediated targeting chimeras for TPD, highlighting emerging trends and raising awareness of this promising field.</p>","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":34.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146011498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1038/s41565-025-02099-5
Neil Savage
Optical computing is emerging as a low-power alternative by processing data with light instead of electrons. Advances in metasurfaces, plasmonics, and thin-film lithium niobate enable photonic circuits now being co-integrated with CMOS chips for hybrid, energy-efficient artificial intelligence (AI) computing.
{"title":"Light could lower AI’s appetite for power","authors":"Neil Savage","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-02099-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-025-02099-5","url":null,"abstract":"Optical computing is emerging as a low-power alternative by processing data with light instead of electrons. Advances in metasurfaces, plasmonics, and thin-film lithium niobate enable photonic circuits now being co-integrated with CMOS chips for hybrid, energy-efficient artificial intelligence (AI) computing.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"21 1","pages":"6-8"},"PeriodicalIF":34.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146002609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1038/s41565-026-02124-1
Nanoscience is now redefining how light can be controlled and processed on chip.
纳米科学正在重新定义如何在芯片上控制和处理光。
{"title":"Nanoscience at the centre of optical computing","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41565-026-02124-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-026-02124-1","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoscience is now redefining how light can be controlled and processed on chip.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"21 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":34.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41565-026-02124-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146002608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-19DOI: 10.1038/s41565-025-02108-7
Saed Abbasi, Jairo Ortiz, Kimberly Bockley, Hongyu Feng, Emily Chen, Jordan Miller, Marina Better, Charles Eberhart, Neomi Jerry, Justin Hanes, James H Segars, Laura M Ensign
Dysfunctions of the endometrium, the uterus inner lining, can impair embryo implantation and reduce pregnancy rates. Intrauterine administration of cytokines has shown potential to improve endometrium function, but it is challenged by poor targeting and dose-limiting systemic side effects. Here we present a strategy for introducing therapeutic messenger RNA into the endometrium for the treatment of reproductive disorders. mRNA was loaded into a ligand-conjugated lipid nanoparticle (LNP), enabling multivalent interactions with the temporally overexpressed integrin receptors on the endometrial surface during the window of implantation. Conjugating the targeting ligand directly to the lipid component enhanced endometrial protein expression after intrauterine infusion and reduced systemic expression in the liver and spleen. A single infusion of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) mRNA-loaded LNP sustained local protein expression for several hours and reduced GM-CSF systemic exposure. In a murine model of endometrial injury, GM-CSF mRNA-loaded LNP improved embryo implantation rates, outperforming recombinant GM-CSF. Our strategy demonstrates the efficacy of using mRNA to improve fertility outcomes.
{"title":"Spatiotemporal targeting of messenger RNA lipid nanoparticles to the endometrium for the treatment of reproductive disorders.","authors":"Saed Abbasi, Jairo Ortiz, Kimberly Bockley, Hongyu Feng, Emily Chen, Jordan Miller, Marina Better, Charles Eberhart, Neomi Jerry, Justin Hanes, James H Segars, Laura M Ensign","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-02108-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-02108-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dysfunctions of the endometrium, the uterus inner lining, can impair embryo implantation and reduce pregnancy rates. Intrauterine administration of cytokines has shown potential to improve endometrium function, but it is challenged by poor targeting and dose-limiting systemic side effects. Here we present a strategy for introducing therapeutic messenger RNA into the endometrium for the treatment of reproductive disorders. mRNA was loaded into a ligand-conjugated lipid nanoparticle (LNP), enabling multivalent interactions with the temporally overexpressed integrin receptors on the endometrial surface during the window of implantation. Conjugating the targeting ligand directly to the lipid component enhanced endometrial protein expression after intrauterine infusion and reduced systemic expression in the liver and spleen. A single infusion of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) mRNA-loaded LNP sustained local protein expression for several hours and reduced GM-CSF systemic exposure. In a murine model of endometrial injury, GM-CSF mRNA-loaded LNP improved embryo implantation rates, outperforming recombinant GM-CSF. Our strategy demonstrates the efficacy of using mRNA to improve fertility outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":34.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146003766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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