Pub Date : 2024-07-29DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01738-7
J. Huang, A. Jaekel, J. van den Boom, D. Podlesainski, M. Elnaggar, A. Heuer-Jungemann, M. Kaiser, H. Meyer, B. Saccà
Within the cell, chemical reactions are often confined and organized through a modular architecture. This facilitates the targeted localization of molecular species and their efficient translocation to subsequent sites. Here we present a cell-free nanoscale model that exploits compartmentalization strategies to carry out regulated protein unfolding and degradation. Our synthetic model comprises two connected DNA origami nanocompartments (each measuring 25 nm × 41 nm × 53 nm): one containing the protein unfolding machine, p97, and the other housing the protease chymotrypsin. We achieve the unidirectional immobilization of p97 within the first compartment, establishing a gateway mechanism that controls substrate recruitment, translocation and processing within the second compartment. Our data show that, whereas spatial confinement increases the rate of the individual reactions by up to tenfold, the physical connection of the compartmentalized enzymes into a chimera efficiently couples the two reactions and reduces off-target proteolysis by almost sixfold. Hence, our modular approach may serve as a blueprint for engineering artificial nanofactories with reshaped catalytic performance and functionalities beyond those observed in natural systems. This study presents DNA-origami biocatalytic modular nanocompartments for programmed regulation of protein unfolding and degradation. These artificial nanofactories augment reaction kinetics, improve enzyme performance and reduce off-target effects.
{"title":"A modular DNA origami nanocompartment for engineering a cell-free, protein unfolding and degradation pathway","authors":"J. Huang, A. Jaekel, J. van den Boom, D. Podlesainski, M. Elnaggar, A. Heuer-Jungemann, M. Kaiser, H. Meyer, B. Saccà","doi":"10.1038/s41565-024-01738-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-024-01738-7","url":null,"abstract":"Within the cell, chemical reactions are often confined and organized through a modular architecture. This facilitates the targeted localization of molecular species and their efficient translocation to subsequent sites. Here we present a cell-free nanoscale model that exploits compartmentalization strategies to carry out regulated protein unfolding and degradation. Our synthetic model comprises two connected DNA origami nanocompartments (each measuring 25 nm × 41 nm × 53 nm): one containing the protein unfolding machine, p97, and the other housing the protease chymotrypsin. We achieve the unidirectional immobilization of p97 within the first compartment, establishing a gateway mechanism that controls substrate recruitment, translocation and processing within the second compartment. Our data show that, whereas spatial confinement increases the rate of the individual reactions by up to tenfold, the physical connection of the compartmentalized enzymes into a chimera efficiently couples the two reactions and reduces off-target proteolysis by almost sixfold. Hence, our modular approach may serve as a blueprint for engineering artificial nanofactories with reshaped catalytic performance and functionalities beyond those observed in natural systems. This study presents DNA-origami biocatalytic modular nanocompartments for programmed regulation of protein unfolding and degradation. These artificial nanofactories augment reaction kinetics, improve enzyme performance and reduce off-target effects.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"19 10","pages":"1521-1531"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41565-024-01738-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141790969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-29DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01742-x
L. C. Pantaleone, E. Calicchia, J. Martinelli, M. C. A. Stuart, Y. Y. Lopatina, W. R. Browne, G. Portale, K. M. Tych, T. Kudernac
Biomolecular polymerization motors are biochemical systems that use supramolecular (de-)polymerization to convert chemical potential into useful mechanical work. With the intent to explore new chemomechanical transduction strategies, here we show a synthetic molecular system that can generate forces via the controlled disassembly of self-organized molecules in a crystal lattice, as they are freely suspended in a fluid. An amphiphilic monomer self-assembles into rigid, high-aspect-ratio microcrystalline fibres. The assembly process is regulated by a coumarin-based pH switching motif. The microfibre crystal morphology determines the monomer reactivity at the interface, resulting in anisotropic etching. This effect exerts a directional pulling force on microscopic beads adsorbed on the crystal surface through weak multivalent interactions. We use optical-tweezers-based force spectroscopy to extract mechanistic insights into this process, quantifying a stall force of 2.3 pN (±0.1 pN) exerted by the ratcheting mechanism produced by the disassembly of the microfibres. Disassembling molecular microcrystalline fibres produce mechanical work by dragging micro objects along their surface via biased diffusion.
{"title":"Exerting pulling forces in fluids by directional disassembly of microcrystalline fibres","authors":"L. C. Pantaleone, E. Calicchia, J. Martinelli, M. C. A. Stuart, Y. Y. Lopatina, W. R. Browne, G. Portale, K. M. Tych, T. Kudernac","doi":"10.1038/s41565-024-01742-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-024-01742-x","url":null,"abstract":"Biomolecular polymerization motors are biochemical systems that use supramolecular (de-)polymerization to convert chemical potential into useful mechanical work. With the intent to explore new chemomechanical transduction strategies, here we show a synthetic molecular system that can generate forces via the controlled disassembly of self-organized molecules in a crystal lattice, as they are freely suspended in a fluid. An amphiphilic monomer self-assembles into rigid, high-aspect-ratio microcrystalline fibres. The assembly process is regulated by a coumarin-based pH switching motif. The microfibre crystal morphology determines the monomer reactivity at the interface, resulting in anisotropic etching. This effect exerts a directional pulling force on microscopic beads adsorbed on the crystal surface through weak multivalent interactions. We use optical-tweezers-based force spectroscopy to extract mechanistic insights into this process, quantifying a stall force of 2.3 pN (±0.1 pN) exerted by the ratcheting mechanism produced by the disassembly of the microfibres. Disassembling molecular microcrystalline fibres produce mechanical work by dragging micro objects along their surface via biased diffusion.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"19 10","pages":"1507-1513"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41565-024-01742-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141790971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-29DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01718-x
Tomoyuki Yokota, Yusaku Tagawa
Core–shell photovoltaic nanometre-scale cells are embedded in photo-crosslinkable organic semiconductors. This results in high performance and enables large-scale integration, thus overcoming the trade-off between photoelectric performance and device miniaturization.
{"title":"Embedding core–shell photovoltaic nanocells in organic optoelectronics","authors":"Tomoyuki Yokota, Yusaku Tagawa","doi":"10.1038/s41565-024-01718-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-024-01718-x","url":null,"abstract":"Core–shell photovoltaic nanometre-scale cells are embedded in photo-crosslinkable organic semiconductors. This results in high performance and enables large-scale integration, thus overcoming the trade-off between photoelectric performance and device miniaturization.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"19 9","pages":"1241-1242"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141790986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-29DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01720-3
Taehoon Kim, Beom Joon Kim, Giorgio E. Bonacchini, Nicholas A. Ostrovsky-Snider, Fiorenzo G. Omenetto
Water-based processing plays a crucial role in high technology, especially in electronics, material sciences and life sciences, with important implications in the development of high-quality reliable devices, fabrication efficiency, safety and sustainability. At the micro- and nanoscale, water is uniquely enabling as a bridge between biological and technological systems. However, new approaches are needed to overcome fundamental challenges that arise from the high surface tension of water, which hinders wetting and, thus, fabrication at the bio–nano interface. Here we report the use of silk fibroin as a surfactant to enable water-based processing of nanoscale devices. Even in minute quantities (for example, 0.01 w/v%), silk fibroin considerably enhances surface coverage and outperforms commercial surfactants in precisely controlling interfacial energy between water-based solutions and hydrophobic surfaces. This effect is ascribed to the amphiphilic nature of the silk molecule and its adaptive adsorption onto substrates with diverse surface energy, facilitating intermolecular interactions between unlikely pairs of materials. The approach’s versatility is highlighted by manufacturing water-processed nanodevices, ranging from transistors to photovoltaic cells. Its performance is found to be equivalent to analogous vacuum-processed devices, underscoring the utility and versatility of this approach for water-based nanofabrication. The amphiphilic nature of silk fibroin makes it a natural surfactant. Here it is shown to mediate interface interactions, enabling the wetting of hydrophobic surfaces with aqueous solutions and facilitating water-processed nanodevice fabrication without previous surface modification.
{"title":"Silk fibroin as a surfactant for water-based nanofabrication","authors":"Taehoon Kim, Beom Joon Kim, Giorgio E. Bonacchini, Nicholas A. Ostrovsky-Snider, Fiorenzo G. Omenetto","doi":"10.1038/s41565-024-01720-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-024-01720-3","url":null,"abstract":"Water-based processing plays a crucial role in high technology, especially in electronics, material sciences and life sciences, with important implications in the development of high-quality reliable devices, fabrication efficiency, safety and sustainability. At the micro- and nanoscale, water is uniquely enabling as a bridge between biological and technological systems. However, new approaches are needed to overcome fundamental challenges that arise from the high surface tension of water, which hinders wetting and, thus, fabrication at the bio–nano interface. Here we report the use of silk fibroin as a surfactant to enable water-based processing of nanoscale devices. Even in minute quantities (for example, 0.01 w/v%), silk fibroin considerably enhances surface coverage and outperforms commercial surfactants in precisely controlling interfacial energy between water-based solutions and hydrophobic surfaces. This effect is ascribed to the amphiphilic nature of the silk molecule and its adaptive adsorption onto substrates with diverse surface energy, facilitating intermolecular interactions between unlikely pairs of materials. The approach’s versatility is highlighted by manufacturing water-processed nanodevices, ranging from transistors to photovoltaic cells. Its performance is found to be equivalent to analogous vacuum-processed devices, underscoring the utility and versatility of this approach for water-based nanofabrication. The amphiphilic nature of silk fibroin makes it a natural surfactant. Here it is shown to mediate interface interactions, enabling the wetting of hydrophobic surfaces with aqueous solutions and facilitating water-processed nanodevice fabrication without previous surface modification.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"19 10","pages":"1514-1520"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141790970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01702-5
Jordan Pack, Yinjie Guo, Ziyu Liu, Bjarke S. Jessen, Luke Holtzman, Song Liu, Matthew Cothrine, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, David G. Mandrus, Katayun Barmak, James Hone, Cory R. Dean
Two-dimensional semiconductors, such as transition metal dichalcogenides, have demonstrated tremendous promise for the development of highly tunable quantum devices. Realizing this potential requires low-resistance electrical contacts that perform well at low temperatures and low densities where quantum properties are relevant. Here we present a new device architecture for two-dimensional semiconductors that utilizes a charge-transfer layer to achieve large hole doping in the contact region, and implement this technique to measure the magnetotransport properties of high-purity monolayer WSe2. We measure a record-high hole mobility of 80,000 cm2 V–1 s–1 and access channel carrier densities as low as 1.6 × 1011 cm−2, an order of magnitude lower than previously achievable. Our ability to realize transparent contact to high-mobility devices at low density enables transport measurements of correlation-driven quantum phases including the observation of a low-temperature metal–insulator transition in a density and temperature regime where Wigner crystal formation is expected and the observation of the fractional quantum Hall effect under large magnetic fields. The charge-transfer contact scheme enables the discovery and manipulation of new quantum phenomena in two-dimensional semiconductors and their heterostructures. By utilizing the van der Waals electron acceptor α-RuCl3, this study establishes a p-type connection with WSe2, facilitating a high hole mobility of 80,000 cm2 V–1 s–1 for investigating quantum transport properties in a magnetic field of over 30 T.
{"title":"Charge-transfer contacts for the measurement of correlated states in high-mobility WSe2","authors":"Jordan Pack, Yinjie Guo, Ziyu Liu, Bjarke S. Jessen, Luke Holtzman, Song Liu, Matthew Cothrine, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, David G. Mandrus, Katayun Barmak, James Hone, Cory R. Dean","doi":"10.1038/s41565-024-01702-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-024-01702-5","url":null,"abstract":"Two-dimensional semiconductors, such as transition metal dichalcogenides, have demonstrated tremendous promise for the development of highly tunable quantum devices. Realizing this potential requires low-resistance electrical contacts that perform well at low temperatures and low densities where quantum properties are relevant. Here we present a new device architecture for two-dimensional semiconductors that utilizes a charge-transfer layer to achieve large hole doping in the contact region, and implement this technique to measure the magnetotransport properties of high-purity monolayer WSe2. We measure a record-high hole mobility of 80,000 cm2 V–1 s–1 and access channel carrier densities as low as 1.6 × 1011 cm−2, an order of magnitude lower than previously achievable. Our ability to realize transparent contact to high-mobility devices at low density enables transport measurements of correlation-driven quantum phases including the observation of a low-temperature metal–insulator transition in a density and temperature regime where Wigner crystal formation is expected and the observation of the fractional quantum Hall effect under large magnetic fields. The charge-transfer contact scheme enables the discovery and manipulation of new quantum phenomena in two-dimensional semiconductors and their heterostructures. By utilizing the van der Waals electron acceptor α-RuCl3, this study establishes a p-type connection with WSe2, facilitating a high hole mobility of 80,000 cm2 V–1 s–1 for investigating quantum transport properties in a magnetic field of over 30 T.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"19 7","pages":"948-954"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141759844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01724-z
Taner Esat, Dmitriy Borodin, Jeongmin Oh, Andreas J. Heinrich, F. Stefan Tautz, Yujeong Bae, Ruslan Temirov
The detection of faint magnetic fields from single-electron and nuclear spins at the atomic scale is a long-standing challenge in physics. While current mobile quantum sensors achieve single-electron spin sensitivity, atomic spatial resolution remains elusive for existing techniques. Here we fabricate a single-molecule quantum sensor at the apex of the metallic tip of a scanning tunnelling microscope by attaching Fe atoms and a PTCDA (3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic-dianhydride) molecule to the tip apex. We address the molecular spin by electron spin resonance and achieve ~100 neV resolution in energy. In a proof-of-principle experiment, we measure the magnetic and electric dipole fields emanating from a single Fe atom and an Ag dimer on an Ag(111) surface with sub-angstrom spatial resolution. Our method enables atomic-scale quantum sensing experiments of electric and magnetic fields on conducting surfaces and may find applications in the sensing of spin-labelled biomolecules and of spin textures in quantum materials. The fabrication of a molecular quantum sensor on the tip of a scanning tunnelling microscope enables the detection of minute magnetic and electric fields of single atoms with sub-angstrom resolution.
在原子尺度上探测单电子自旋和核自旋产生的微弱磁场是物理学界长期面临的挑战。虽然目前的移动量子传感器实现了单电子自旋灵敏度，但原子空间分辨率仍然是现有技术难以实现的。在这里，我们通过将铁原子和 PTCDA（3,4,9,10-苝四羧酸二酐）分子附着在扫描隧穿显微镜金属尖端的顶点，制造出了单分子量子传感器。我们通过电子自旋共振来解决分子自旋问题，并实现了 ~100 neV 的能量分辨率。在原理验证实验中，我们以亚埃级的空间分辨率测量了 Ag(111) 表面上单个铁原子和 Ag 二聚体发出的磁场和电偶极子场。我们的方法实现了导电表面电场和磁场的原子尺度量子传感实验，可应用于自旋标记生物分子的传感和量子材料的自旋纹理。
{"title":"A quantum sensor for atomic-scale electric and magnetic fields","authors":"Taner Esat, Dmitriy Borodin, Jeongmin Oh, Andreas J. Heinrich, F. Stefan Tautz, Yujeong Bae, Ruslan Temirov","doi":"10.1038/s41565-024-01724-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-024-01724-z","url":null,"abstract":"The detection of faint magnetic fields from single-electron and nuclear spins at the atomic scale is a long-standing challenge in physics. While current mobile quantum sensors achieve single-electron spin sensitivity, atomic spatial resolution remains elusive for existing techniques. Here we fabricate a single-molecule quantum sensor at the apex of the metallic tip of a scanning tunnelling microscope by attaching Fe atoms and a PTCDA (3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic-dianhydride) molecule to the tip apex. We address the molecular spin by electron spin resonance and achieve ~100 neV resolution in energy. In a proof-of-principle experiment, we measure the magnetic and electric dipole fields emanating from a single Fe atom and an Ag dimer on an Ag(111) surface with sub-angstrom spatial resolution. Our method enables atomic-scale quantum sensing experiments of electric and magnetic fields on conducting surfaces and may find applications in the sensing of spin-labelled biomolecules and of spin textures in quantum materials. The fabrication of a molecular quantum sensor on the tip of a scanning tunnelling microscope enables the detection of minute magnetic and electric fields of single atoms with sub-angstrom resolution.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"19 10","pages":"1466-1471"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41565-024-01724-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141759887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01709-y
Guanding Mei, Kai Wang, Xiao Wei Sun
Light extraction is a key factor determining the efficiency of light-emitting diodes. This becomes more pronounced in high-refractive-index perovskite light-emitting diodes according to the ray-optics model. Photon recycling and microcavity effect are important ways to break through the ray-optics efficiency limit. However, these two effects are competing, that is, strategies to optimize them are mutually exclusive. For a breakthrough in efficiency, we should favour one of them and inhibit the other.
{"title":"Competing light extraction strategies in perovskite light-emitting diodes","authors":"Guanding Mei, Kai Wang, Xiao Wei Sun","doi":"10.1038/s41565-024-01709-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-024-01709-y","url":null,"abstract":"Light extraction is a key factor determining the efficiency of light-emitting diodes. This becomes more pronounced in high-refractive-index perovskite light-emitting diodes according to the ray-optics model. Photon recycling and microcavity effect are important ways to break through the ray-optics efficiency limit. However, these two effects are competing, that is, strategies to optimize them are mutually exclusive. For a breakthrough in efficiency, we should favour one of them and inhibit the other.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"19 10","pages":"1427-1431"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141759845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gamma-delta (γδ) T cell-based cancer immunotherapies represent a promising avenue for cancer treatment. However, their development is challenged by the limited expansion and differentiation of the cells ex vivo. Here we induced the endogenous expansion and activation of γδ T cells through oral administration of garlic-derived nanoparticles (GNPs). We found that GNPs could significantly promote the proliferation and activation of endogenous γδ T cells in the intestine, leading to generation of large amount of interferon-γ (IFNγ). Moreover GNP-treated mice showed increased levels of chemokine CXCR3 in intestinal γδ T cells, which can drive their migration from the gut to the tumour environment. The translocation of γδ T cells and IFNγ from the intestine to extraintestinal subcutaneous tumours remodels the tumour immune microenvironment and synergizes with anti-PD-L1, inducing robust antitumour immunity. Our study delineates mechanistic insight into the complex gut–tumour interactome and provides an alternative approach for γδ T cell-based immunotherapy. γδ T cell-based immunotherapies are limited by the reduced expansion and activation of the T cells ex vivo. Here the authors show that garlic nanoparticles can activate IFNγ-producing γδ T cells directly in the intestine, before they translocate to extraintestinal tumours, where they can synergize with anti-PD-L1 therapy, inducing robust antitumour immunity.
以γ-δ（γδ）T 细胞为基础的癌症免疫疗法是一种前景广阔的癌症治疗方法。然而，由于这些细胞在体内的扩增和分化有限，它们的发展面临挑战。在这里，我们通过口服大蒜提取的纳米颗粒（GNPs）诱导了γδT细胞的内源性扩增和活化。我们发现，GNPs 能显著促进肠道内源性 γδ T 细胞的增殖和活化，从而产生大量干扰素-γ（IFNγ）。此外，经 GNP 处理的小鼠肠道γδ T 细胞中趋化因子 CXCR3 水平升高，这可促使它们从肠道迁移到肿瘤环境中。γδT细胞和IFNγ从肠道转移到肠道外的皮下肿瘤会重塑肿瘤免疫微环境，并与抗PD-L1协同作用，诱导强大的抗肿瘤免疫。我们的研究从机理上揭示了复杂的肠道-肿瘤相互作用组，为基于γδT细胞的免疫疗法提供了另一种方法。
{"title":"Oral administration of garlic-derived nanoparticles improves cancer immunotherapy by inducing intestinal IFNγ-producing γδ T cells","authors":"Jialu Xu, Yue Yu, Yue Zhang, Huaxing Dai, Qianyu Yang, Beilei Wang, Qingle Ma, Yitong Chen, Fang Xu, Xiaolin Shi, Zhuang Liu, Chao Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41565-024-01722-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-024-01722-1","url":null,"abstract":"Gamma-delta (γδ) T cell-based cancer immunotherapies represent a promising avenue for cancer treatment. However, their development is challenged by the limited expansion and differentiation of the cells ex vivo. Here we induced the endogenous expansion and activation of γδ T cells through oral administration of garlic-derived nanoparticles (GNPs). We found that GNPs could significantly promote the proliferation and activation of endogenous γδ T cells in the intestine, leading to generation of large amount of interferon-γ (IFNγ). Moreover GNP-treated mice showed increased levels of chemokine CXCR3 in intestinal γδ T cells, which can drive their migration from the gut to the tumour environment. The translocation of γδ T cells and IFNγ from the intestine to extraintestinal subcutaneous tumours remodels the tumour immune microenvironment and synergizes with anti-PD-L1, inducing robust antitumour immunity. Our study delineates mechanistic insight into the complex gut–tumour interactome and provides an alternative approach for γδ T cell-based immunotherapy. γδ T cell-based immunotherapies are limited by the reduced expansion and activation of the T cells ex vivo. Here the authors show that garlic nanoparticles can activate IFNγ-producing γδ T cells directly in the intestine, before they translocate to extraintestinal tumours, where they can synergize with anti-PD-L1 therapy, inducing robust antitumour immunity.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"19 10","pages":"1569-1578"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141759848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01703-4
Youngwook Kim
The issue of ohmic contact in WSe2 has been effectively addressed through a significant charge transfer mechanism enabled by the RuCl3/WSe2 heterostructure.
{"title":"Breaking barriers by interfacial charge transfer","authors":"Youngwook Kim","doi":"10.1038/s41565-024-01703-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-024-01703-4","url":null,"abstract":"The issue of ohmic contact in WSe2 has been effectively addressed through a significant charge transfer mechanism enabled by the RuCl3/WSe2 heterostructure.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"19 7","pages":"882-882"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141759843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Spin-wave excitations of magnetic moments (or magnons) can transport spin angular momentum in insulating magnetic materials. This property distinguishes magnonic devices from traditional electronics, where power consumption results from electrons’ movement. Recently, magnon torques have been used to switch perpendicular magnetization in the presence of an external magnetic field. Here we present a material system composed of WTe2/antiferromagnetic insulator NiO/ferromagnet CoFeB heterostructures that allows magnetic field-free switching of the perpendicular magnetization. The magnon currents, with a spin polarization canting of −8.5° relative to the sample plane, traverse the 25-nm-thick polycrystalline NiO layer while preserving their original polarization direction, subsequently exerting an out-of-plane anti-damping magnon torque on the ferromagnetic layer. Using this mechanism, we achieve a 190-fold reduction in power consumption in PtTe2/WTe2/NiO/CoFeB heterostructures compared to Bi2Te3/NiO/CoFeB control samples, which only exhibit in-plane magnon torques. Our field-free demonstration contributes to the realization of all-electric, low-power, perpendicular magnetization switching devices. Control of magnetization is at the core of many spintronic applications. Out-of-plane anti-damping magnon torque now enables low-power, deterministic switching of perpendicular magnetization at zero magnetic field.
{"title":"Deterministic switching of perpendicular magnetization by out-of-plane anti-damping magnon torques","authors":"Fei Wang, Guoyi Shi, Dongsheng Yang, Hui Ru Tan, Chenhui Zhang, Jiayu Lei, Yuchen Pu, Shuhan Yang, Anjan Soumyanarayanan, Mehrdad Elyasi, Hyunsoo Yang","doi":"10.1038/s41565-024-01741-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-024-01741-y","url":null,"abstract":"Spin-wave excitations of magnetic moments (or magnons) can transport spin angular momentum in insulating magnetic materials. This property distinguishes magnonic devices from traditional electronics, where power consumption results from electrons’ movement. Recently, magnon torques have been used to switch perpendicular magnetization in the presence of an external magnetic field. Here we present a material system composed of WTe2/antiferromagnetic insulator NiO/ferromagnet CoFeB heterostructures that allows magnetic field-free switching of the perpendicular magnetization. The magnon currents, with a spin polarization canting of −8.5° relative to the sample plane, traverse the 25-nm-thick polycrystalline NiO layer while preserving their original polarization direction, subsequently exerting an out-of-plane anti-damping magnon torque on the ferromagnetic layer. Using this mechanism, we achieve a 190-fold reduction in power consumption in PtTe2/WTe2/NiO/CoFeB heterostructures compared to Bi2Te3/NiO/CoFeB control samples, which only exhibit in-plane magnon torques. Our field-free demonstration contributes to the realization of all-electric, low-power, perpendicular magnetization switching devices. Control of magnetization is at the core of many spintronic applications. Out-of-plane anti-damping magnon torque now enables low-power, deterministic switching of perpendicular magnetization at zero magnetic field.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"19 10","pages":"1478-1484"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141759846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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