Nature nanotechnology最新文献

英文中文

Reimagining computing with 2D semiconductors 用二维半导体重新构想计算。

IF 38.1 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nature nanotechnology

Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01743-w

We present a Focus issue on how the research community is continually pushing the device performance boundaries of 2D transistors and explore the pivotal role that these devices play in the future computing landscape.

我们将推出一期聚焦特刊，介绍研究界如何不断突破二维晶体管的器件性能极限，并探讨这些器件在未来计算领域发挥的关键作用。

引用次数: 0

Multimodal smart systems reprogramme macrophages and remove urate to treat gouty arthritis 多模式智能系统重编程巨噬细胞并清除尿酸盐，治疗痛风性关节炎

IF 38.3 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nature nanotechnology

Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01715-0

Jingxin Xu, Mingjun Wu, Jie Yang, Dezhang Zhao, Dan He, Yingju Liu, Xiong Yan, Yuying Liu, Daojun Pu, Qunyou Tan, Ling Zhang, Jingqing Zhang

Gouty arthritis is a chronic and progressive disease characterized by high urate levels in the joints and by an inflammatory immune microenvironment. Clinical data indicate that urate reduction therapy or anti-inflammatory therapy alone often fails to deliver satisfactory outcomes. Here we have developed a smart biomimetic nanosystem featuring a ‘shell’ composed of a fusion membrane derived from M2 macrophages and exosomes, which encapsulates liposomes loaded with a combination of uricase, platinum-in-hyaluronan/polydopamine nanozyme and resveratrol. The nanosystem targets inflamed joints and promotes the accumulation of anti-inflammatory macrophages locally, while the uricase and the nanozyme reduce the levels of urate within the joints. Additionally, site-directed near-infrared irradiation provides localized mild thermotherapy through the action of platinum and polydopamine, initiating heat-induced tissue repair. Combined use of these components synergistically enhances overall outcomes, resulting in faster recovery of the damaged joint tissue.

痛风性关节炎是一种慢性进展性疾病，其特点是关节中尿酸盐含量高和免疫微环境发炎。临床数据表明，单纯的降低尿酸盐治疗或抗炎治疗往往无法取得令人满意的疗效。在此，我们开发了一种智能仿生纳米系统，其 "外壳 "由来自 M2 巨噬细胞和外泌体的融合膜组成，包裹着含有尿酸酶、透明质酸铂/多巴胺纳米酶和白藜芦醇的脂质体。纳米系统以发炎的关节为目标，促进抗炎巨噬细胞在局部聚集，而尿酸酶和纳米酶则降低关节内的尿酸盐含量。此外，定点近红外照射通过铂和多巴胺的作用提供局部温和热疗，启动热诱导组织修复。这些成分的联合使用可协同提高整体疗效，使受损关节组织更快恢复。

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引用次数: 0

Single-cavity loss-enabled nanometrology 单腔损耗纳米计量学

IF 38.3 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nature nanotechnology

Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01729-8

Jipeng Xu, Yuanhao Mao, Zhipeng Li, Yunlan Zuo, Jianfa Zhang, Biao Yang, Wei Xu, Ning Liu, Zhi Jiao Deng, Wei Chen, Keyu Xia, Cheng-Wei Qiu, Zhihong Zhu, Hui Jing, Ken Liu

Optical monitoring of the position and alignment of objects with a precision of only a few nanometres is key in applications such as smart manufacturing and force sensing. Traditional optical nanometrology requires precise nanostructure fabrication, multibeam interference or complex postprocessing algorithms, sometimes hampering wider adoption of this technology. Here we show a simplified, yet robust, approach to achieve nanometric metrology down to 2 nm resolution that eliminates the need for any reference signal for interferometric measurements. We insert an erbium-doped quartz crystal absorber into a single Fabry–Pérot cavity with a length of 3 cm and then induce exceptional points by matching the optical loss with the intercavity coupling. We experimentally achieve a displacement response enhancement of 86 times compared with lossless methods, and theoretically argue that an enhancement of over 450 times, corresponding to subnanometre resolution, may be achievable. We also show a fivefold enhancement in the signal-to-noise ratio, thus demonstrating that non-Hermitian sensors can lead to improved performances over the Hermitian counterpart.

在智能制造和力传感等应用中，对精度仅为几纳米的物体位置和排列进行光学监测至关重要。传统的光学纳米计量学需要精确的纳米结构制造、多波束干扰或复杂的后处理算法，有时会阻碍该技术的广泛应用。在这里，我们展示了一种简化而稳健的方法，可实现分辨率低至 2 纳米的纳米计量，无需任何参考信号即可进行干涉测量。我们将掺铒石英晶体吸收器插入长度为 3 厘米的单个法布里-佩罗腔，然后通过匹配腔间耦合的光学损耗来诱导异常点。与无损耗方法相比，我们在实验中实现了 86 倍的位移响应增强，并从理论上证明可以实现 450 倍以上的增强，相当于亚纳米分辨率。我们还展示了五倍的信噪比增强，从而证明非赫米提传感器比赫米提传感器性能更佳。

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引用次数: 0

Selective stimulation of calcium signalling pathways in astrocytes with graphene electrodes 用石墨烯电极选择性刺激星形胶质细胞中的钙信号通路

IF 38.1 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nature nanotechnology

Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01712-3

Astrocytes respond to electrical stimulation via diverse calcium signalling dynamics, which are important to maintain brain function. The tunable properties of graphene oxide-based electrodes can selectively trigger these calcium signalling responses.

星形胶质细胞通过各种钙信号动态响应电刺激，这对维持大脑功能非常重要。基于氧化石墨烯的电极的可调特性可以选择性地触发这些钙信号反应。

引用次数: 0

Electricity generated by upstream proton diffusion in two-dimensional nanochannels 二维纳米通道中质子上游扩散产生的电能

IF 38.1 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nature nanotechnology

Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01691-5

Heyi Xia, Wanqi Zhou, Xinyue Qu, Wenbo Wang, Xiao Wang, Ruixi Qiao, Yongkang Zhang, Xin Wu, Chuang Yang, Baofu Ding, Ling-Yun Hu, Yang Ran, Kuang Yu, Sheng Hu, Jian-Feng Li, Hui-Ming Cheng, Hu Qiu, Jun Yin, Wanlin Guo, Ling Qiu

The movement of ions along the pressure-driven water flow in narrow channels, known as downstream ionic transport, has been observed since 1859 to induce a streaming potential and has enabled the creation of various hydrovoltaic devices. In contrast, here we demonstrate that proton movement opposing the water flow in two-dimensional nanochannels of MXene/poly(vinyl alcohol) films, termed upstream proton diffusion, can also generate electricity. The infiltrated water into the channel causes the dissociation of protons from functional groups on the channel surface, resulting in a high proton concentration inside the channel that drives the upstream proton diffusion. Combined with the particularly sluggish water diffusion in the channels, a small water droplet of 5 µl can generate a voltage of ~400 mV for over 330 min. Benefiting from the ultrathin and flexible nature of the film, a wearable device is built for collecting energy from human skin sweat. In contrast to the classical streaming potential relying on downstream ionic diffusion, an upstream proton diffusion within two-dimensional nanochannels is found to continuously generate electricity, advancing hydrovoltaic technology.

自 1859 年以来，人们一直观察到离子在窄通道中沿着压力驱动的水流运动，这种运动被称为顺流离子传输，可诱发流电势，并使各种水伏特装置得以问世。与此不同的是，我们在此证明，在 MXene/聚乙烯醇薄膜的二维纳米通道中与水流相反的质子运动（称为上游质子扩散）也能产生电能。渗入通道的水会导致质子与通道表面的官能团解离，从而在通道内形成高质子浓度，推动上游质子扩散。再加上通道内水的扩散特别缓慢，一个 5 µl 的小水滴就能在 330 分钟内产生约 400 mV 的电压。得益于薄膜的超薄和柔韧特性，我们制造出了一种从人体皮肤汗液中收集能量的可穿戴设备。

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引用次数: 0

A magneto-mechanical genetics toolbox for in vivo neuromodulation 用于体内神经调控的磁力学遗传学工具箱

IF 38.1 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nature nanotechnology

Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01701-6

Felix Leroy

Nano-magnetogenetics using magnetic force actuating nanoparticles enables wireless and remote stimulation of targeted deep-brain neurons for studying neural circuits of underlying behaviours.

利用磁力致动纳米粒子的纳米磁遗传学可对目标深脑神经元进行无线和远程刺激，以研究潜在行为的神经回路。

引用次数: 0

Electricity generated from upstream proton diffusion 上游质子扩散产生的电能

IF 38.1 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nature nanotechnology

Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01713-2

Pengfei Wang, Tingxian Li

The upstream self-diffusion of dissociated protons induces long-lasting electricity generation in 2D nanochannels of MXene/PVA film with low water permeability.

在具有低透水性的 MXene/PVA 薄膜的二维纳米通道中，离解质子的上游自扩散诱导了长效发电。

引用次数: 0

Real-time dynamics of angular momentum transfer from spin to acoustic chiral phonon in oxide heterostructures 氧化物异质结构中从自旋到声学手性声子的角动量实时动态转移

IF 38.1 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nature nanotechnology

Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01719-w

In Hyeok Choi, Seung Gyo Jeong, Sehwan Song, Sungkyun Park, Dong Bin Shin, Woo Seok Choi, Jong Seok Lee

Chiral phonons have recently been explored as a novel degree of freedom in quantum materials. The angular momentum carried by these quasiparticles is generated by the breaking of chiral degeneracy of phonons, owing to the chiral lattice structure or the rotational motion of ions of the material. In ferromagnets, a mechanism for generating non-equilibrium chiral phonons has been suggested, but their temporal evolution, which obeys Bose–Einstein statistics, remains unclear. Here we report the real-time dynamics of thermalized chiral phonons in an artificial superlattice composed of ferromagnetic metallic SrRuO3 and non-magnetic insulating SrTiO3. Following the photo-induced ultrafast demagnetization in the SrRuO3 layer, we observed the appearance of a magneto-optic signal in the superlattice, which is absent in the SrRuO3 single films. This magneto-optic signal exhibits thermally driven dynamic properties and a clear correlation with the thickness of the non-magnetic SrTiO3 layer, implying that it originates from thermalized chiral phonons. We use numerical calculations considering the magneto-elastic coupling in SrRuO3 to validate our experimental observations and the angular momentum transfer mechanism between the lattice and spin systems in ferromagnetic systems and also to the non-magnetic system. Not only electrons but also phonons can transport angular momentum in solids. Now, in an artificial superlattice, ultrafast demagnetization induces transfer of angular momentum from the spin system to the lattice.

手性声子作为量子材料中的一种新的自由度，最近得到了探索。由于材料的手性晶格结构或离子的旋转运动，声子的手性退行性被打破，从而产生了这些准粒子所携带的角动量。在铁磁体中，已经提出了一种产生非平衡手性声子的机制，但其服从玻色-爱因斯坦统计的时间演化仍不清楚。在这里，我们报告了由铁磁性金属 SrRuO3 和非磁性绝缘 SrTiO3 组成的人工超晶格中热化手性声子的实时动态。在 SrRuO3 层中发生光诱导超快消磁后，我们观察到超晶格中出现了磁光信号，而 SrRuO3 单层薄膜中则没有这种信号。这种磁光信号具有热驱动的动态特性，并与无磁性 SrTiO3 层的厚度明显相关，这意味着它源自热化手性声子。我们利用考虑到 SrRuO3 中磁弹性耦合的数值计算来验证我们的实验观察结果，以及铁磁系统中晶格和自旋系统之间以及与非磁性系统之间的角动量传递机制。

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引用次数: 0

Graphene oxide electrodes enable electrical stimulation of distinct calcium signalling in brain astrocytes 氧化石墨烯电极可对大脑星形胶质细胞中不同的钙信号进行电刺激

IF 38.1 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nature nanotechnology

Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01711-4

Roberta Fabbri, Alessandra Scidà, Emanuela Saracino, Giorgia Conte, Alessandro Kovtun, Andrea Candini, Denisa Kirdajova, Diletta Spennato, Valeria Marchetti, Chiara Lazzarini, Aikaterini Konstantoulaki, Paolo Dambruoso, Marco Caprini, Michele Muccini, Mauro Ursino, Miroslava Anderova, Emanuele Treossi, Roberto Zamboni, Vincenzo Palermo, Valentina Benfenati

Astrocytes are responsible for maintaining homoeostasis and cognitive functions through calcium signalling, a process that is altered in brain diseases. Current bioelectronic tools are designed to study neurons and are not suitable for controlling calcium signals in astrocytes. Here, we show that electrical stimulation of astrocytes using electrodes coated with graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide induces respectively a slow response to calcium, mediated by external calcium influx, and a sharp one, exclusively due to calcium release from intracellular stores. Our results suggest that the different conductivities of the substrate influence the electric field at the cell–electrolyte or cell–material interfaces, favouring different signalling events in vitro and ex vivo. Patch-clamp, voltage-sensitive dye and calcium imaging data support the proposed model. In summary, we provide evidence of a simple tool to selectively control distinct calcium signals in brain astrocytes for straightforward investigations in neuroscience and bioelectronic medicine. Electrical stimulation of astrocytes using electrodes coated with graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide can be used to trigger specific calcium signals.

星形胶质细胞负责通过钙信号维持体内平衡和认知功能，而这一过程在脑部疾病中会发生改变。目前的生物电子工具是为研究神经元而设计的，并不适合控制星形胶质细胞中的钙信号。在这里，我们发现，使用涂有氧化石墨烯和还原氧化石墨烯的电极对星形胶质细胞进行电刺激，可分别诱发由外部钙离子流入介导的缓慢钙离子反应和完全由细胞内钙离子释放引起的急剧钙离子反应。我们的研究结果表明，基底的不同电导率会影响细胞-电解质或细胞-材料界面的电场，从而有利于体外和体内的不同信号事件。膜片钳、电压敏感染料和钙成像数据都支持所提出的模型。总之，我们为神经科学和生物电子医学领域的直接研究提供了一种简单的工具，可以选择性地控制大脑星形胶质细胞中不同的钙信号。

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引用次数: 0

Understanding epitaxial growth of two-dimensional materials and their homostructures 了解二维材料的外延生长及其同质结构

IF 38.1 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nature nanotechnology

Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01704-3

Can Liu, Tianyao Liu, Zhibin Zhang, Zhipei Sun, Guangyu Zhang, Enge Wang, Kaihui Liu

The exceptional physical properties of two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) materials have been extensively researched, driving advances in material synthesis. Epitaxial growth, a prominent synthesis strategy, enables the production of large-area, high-quality 2D films compatible with advanced integrated circuits. Typical 2D single crystals, such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides and hexagonal boron nitride, have been epitaxially grown at a wafer scale. A systematic summary is required to offer strategic guidance for the epitaxy of emerging 2D materials. Here we focus on the epitaxy methodologies for 2D vdW materials in two directions: the growth of in-plane single-crystal monolayers and the fabrication of out-of-plane homostructures. We first discuss nucleation control of a single domain and orientation control over multiple domains to achieve large-scale single-crystal monolayers. We analyse the defect levels and measures of crystalline quality of typical 2D vdW materials with various epitaxial growth techniques. We then outline technical routes for the growth of homogeneous multilayers and twisted homostructures. We further summarize the current strategies to guide future efforts in optimizing on-demand fabrication of 2D vdW materials, as well as subsequent device manufacturing for their industrial applications. This Review examines conventional epitaxial growth of 2D van der Waals materials, focusing on in-plane single-crystal monolayer growth and out-of-plane homostructure fabrication. It covers nucleation and orientation control, quality control measures, and homogeneous multilayer and twisted homostructure growth techniques, providing systematic insights for on-demand fabrication of 2D van der Waals materials and their industrial device manufacturing.

二维（2D）范德华（vdW）材料的特殊物理特性已得到广泛研究，推动了材料合成的进步。外延生长作为一种重要的合成策略，能够生产出与先进集成电路兼容的大面积、高质量二维薄膜。典型的二维单晶体，如石墨烯、过渡金属二卤化物和六方氮化硼，已经在晶圆规模上实现了外延生长。需要进行系统总结，以便为新兴二维材料的外延提供战略指导。在此，我们主要从两个方向探讨二维 vdW 材料的外延方法：面内单晶单层的生长和面外同质结构的制造。我们首先讨论单个畴的成核控制和多个畴的取向控制，以实现大规模单晶单层。我们分析了采用各种外延生长技术的典型二维 vdW 材料的缺陷水平和晶体质量度量。然后，我们概述了生长均匀多层和扭曲同质结构的技术路线。我们进一步总结了当前的策略，以指导未来优化二维 vdW 材料的按需制造及其后续工业应用设备制造的工作。

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