Gouty arthritis is a chronic and progressive disease characterized by high urate levels in the joints and by an inflammatory immune microenvironment. Clinical data indicate that urate reduction therapy or anti-inflammatory therapy alone often fails to deliver satisfactory outcomes. Here we have developed a smart biomimetic nanosystem featuring a ‘shell’ composed of a fusion membrane derived from M2 macrophages and exosomes, which encapsulates liposomes loaded with a combination of uricase, platinum-in-hyaluronan/polydopamine nanozyme and resveratrol. The nanosystem targets inflamed joints and promotes the accumulation of anti-inflammatory macrophages locally, while the uricase and the nanozyme reduce the levels of urate within the joints. Additionally, site-directed near-infrared irradiation provides localized mild thermotherapy through the action of platinum and polydopamine, initiating heat-induced tissue repair. Combined use of these components synergistically enhances overall outcomes, resulting in faster recovery of the damaged joint tissue. Gouty arthritis is an inflammatory arthritis characterized by high urate levels in the joints that is difficult to treat using standard therapies. Here the authors present a nano-enabled strategy that combines multiple lines of treatment for simultaneous reduction of urate levels and inflammation.
{"title":"Multimodal smart systems reprogramme macrophages and remove urate to treat gouty arthritis","authors":"Jingxin Xu, Mingjun Wu, Jie Yang, Dezhang Zhao, Dan He, Yingju Liu, Xiong Yan, Yuying Liu, Daojun Pu, Qunyou Tan, Ling Zhang, Jingqing Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s41565-024-01715-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-024-01715-0","url":null,"abstract":"Gouty arthritis is a chronic and progressive disease characterized by high urate levels in the joints and by an inflammatory immune microenvironment. Clinical data indicate that urate reduction therapy or anti-inflammatory therapy alone often fails to deliver satisfactory outcomes. Here we have developed a smart biomimetic nanosystem featuring a ‘shell’ composed of a fusion membrane derived from M2 macrophages and exosomes, which encapsulates liposomes loaded with a combination of uricase, platinum-in-hyaluronan/polydopamine nanozyme and resveratrol. The nanosystem targets inflamed joints and promotes the accumulation of anti-inflammatory macrophages locally, while the uricase and the nanozyme reduce the levels of urate within the joints. Additionally, site-directed near-infrared irradiation provides localized mild thermotherapy through the action of platinum and polydopamine, initiating heat-induced tissue repair. Combined use of these components synergistically enhances overall outcomes, resulting in faster recovery of the damaged joint tissue. Gouty arthritis is an inflammatory arthritis characterized by high urate levels in the joints that is difficult to treat using standard therapies. Here the authors present a nano-enabled strategy that combines multiple lines of treatment for simultaneous reduction of urate levels and inflammation.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"19 10","pages":"1544-1557"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141631459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optical monitoring of the position and alignment of objects with a precision of only a few nanometres is key in applications such as smart manufacturing and force sensing. Traditional optical nanometrology requires precise nanostructure fabrication, multibeam interference or complex postprocessing algorithms, sometimes hampering wider adoption of this technology. Here we show a simplified, yet robust, approach to achieve nanometric metrology down to 2 nm resolution that eliminates the need for any reference signal for interferometric measurements. We insert an erbium-doped quartz crystal absorber into a single Fabry–Pérot cavity with a length of 3 cm and then induce exceptional points by matching the optical loss with the intercavity coupling. We experimentally achieve a displacement response enhancement of 86 times compared with lossless methods, and theoretically argue that an enhancement of over 450 times, corresponding to subnanometre resolution, may be achievable. We also show a fivefold enhancement in the signal-to-noise ratio, thus demonstrating that non-Hermitian sensors can lead to improved performances over the Hermitian counterpart. A 2 nm displacement resolution of a centimetre-sized object in a 3 cm cavity is demonstrated.
{"title":"Single-cavity loss-enabled nanometrology","authors":"Jipeng Xu, Yuanhao Mao, Zhipeng Li, Yunlan Zuo, Jianfa Zhang, Biao Yang, Wei Xu, Ning Liu, Zhi Jiao Deng, Wei Chen, Keyu Xia, Cheng-Wei Qiu, Zhihong Zhu, Hui Jing, Ken Liu","doi":"10.1038/s41565-024-01729-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-024-01729-8","url":null,"abstract":"Optical monitoring of the position and alignment of objects with a precision of only a few nanometres is key in applications such as smart manufacturing and force sensing. Traditional optical nanometrology requires precise nanostructure fabrication, multibeam interference or complex postprocessing algorithms, sometimes hampering wider adoption of this technology. Here we show a simplified, yet robust, approach to achieve nanometric metrology down to 2 nm resolution that eliminates the need for any reference signal for interferometric measurements. We insert an erbium-doped quartz crystal absorber into a single Fabry–Pérot cavity with a length of 3 cm and then induce exceptional points by matching the optical loss with the intercavity coupling. We experimentally achieve a displacement response enhancement of 86 times compared with lossless methods, and theoretically argue that an enhancement of over 450 times, corresponding to subnanometre resolution, may be achievable. We also show a fivefold enhancement in the signal-to-noise ratio, thus demonstrating that non-Hermitian sensors can lead to improved performances over the Hermitian counterpart. A 2 nm displacement resolution of a centimetre-sized object in a 3 cm cavity is demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"19 10","pages":"1472-1477"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141631441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-16DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01712-3
Astrocytes respond to electrical stimulation via diverse calcium signalling dynamics, which are important to maintain brain function. The tunable properties of graphene oxide-based electrodes can selectively trigger these calcium signalling responses.
{"title":"Selective stimulation of calcium signalling pathways in astrocytes with graphene electrodes","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41565-024-01712-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-024-01712-3","url":null,"abstract":"Astrocytes respond to electrical stimulation via diverse calcium signalling dynamics, which are important to maintain brain function. The tunable properties of graphene oxide-based electrodes can selectively trigger these calcium signalling responses.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"19 9","pages":"1253-1254"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141625038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The movement of ions along the pressure-driven water flow in narrow channels, known as downstream ionic transport, has been observed since 1859 to induce a streaming potential and has enabled the creation of various hydrovoltaic devices. In contrast, here we demonstrate that proton movement opposing the water flow in two-dimensional nanochannels of MXene/poly(vinyl alcohol) films, termed upstream proton diffusion, can also generate electricity. The infiltrated water into the channel causes the dissociation of protons from functional groups on the channel surface, resulting in a high proton concentration inside the channel that drives the upstream proton diffusion. Combined with the particularly sluggish water diffusion in the channels, a small water droplet of 5 µl can generate a voltage of ~400 mV for over 330 min. Benefiting from the ultrathin and flexible nature of the film, a wearable device is built for collecting energy from human skin sweat. In contrast to the classical streaming potential relying on downstream ionic diffusion, an upstream proton diffusion within two-dimensional nanochannels is found to continuously generate electricity, advancing hydrovoltaic technology.
{"title":"Electricity generated by upstream proton diffusion in two-dimensional nanochannels","authors":"Heyi Xia, Wanqi Zhou, Xinyue Qu, Wenbo Wang, Xiao Wang, Ruixi Qiao, Yongkang Zhang, Xin Wu, Chuang Yang, Baofu Ding, Ling-Yun Hu, Yang Ran, Kuang Yu, Sheng Hu, Jian-Feng Li, Hui-Ming Cheng, Hu Qiu, Jun Yin, Wanlin Guo, Ling Qiu","doi":"10.1038/s41565-024-01691-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-024-01691-5","url":null,"abstract":"The movement of ions along the pressure-driven water flow in narrow channels, known as downstream ionic transport, has been observed since 1859 to induce a streaming potential and has enabled the creation of various hydrovoltaic devices. In contrast, here we demonstrate that proton movement opposing the water flow in two-dimensional nanochannels of MXene/poly(vinyl alcohol) films, termed upstream proton diffusion, can also generate electricity. The infiltrated water into the channel causes the dissociation of protons from functional groups on the channel surface, resulting in a high proton concentration inside the channel that drives the upstream proton diffusion. Combined with the particularly sluggish water diffusion in the channels, a small water droplet of 5 µl can generate a voltage of ~400 mV for over 330 min. Benefiting from the ultrathin and flexible nature of the film, a wearable device is built for collecting energy from human skin sweat. In contrast to the classical streaming potential relying on downstream ionic diffusion, an upstream proton diffusion within two-dimensional nanochannels is found to continuously generate electricity, advancing hydrovoltaic technology.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"19 9","pages":"1316-1322"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141618327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01701-6
Felix Leroy
Nano-magnetogenetics using magnetic force actuating nanoparticles enables wireless and remote stimulation of targeted deep-brain neurons for studying neural circuits of underlying behaviours.
利用磁力致动纳米粒子的纳米磁遗传学可对目标深脑神经元进行无线和远程刺激，以研究潜在行为的神经回路。
{"title":"A magneto-mechanical genetics toolbox for in vivo neuromodulation","authors":"Felix Leroy","doi":"10.1038/s41565-024-01701-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-024-01701-6","url":null,"abstract":"Nano-magnetogenetics using magnetic force actuating nanoparticles enables wireless and remote stimulation of targeted deep-brain neurons for studying neural circuits of underlying behaviours.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"19 9","pages":"1245-1246"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141618326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01713-2
Pengfei Wang, Tingxian Li
The upstream self-diffusion of dissociated protons induces long-lasting electricity generation in 2D nanochannels of MXene/PVA film with low water permeability.
在具有低透水性的 MXene/PVA 薄膜的二维纳米通道中，离解质子的上游自扩散诱导了长效发电。
{"title":"Electricity generated from upstream proton diffusion","authors":"Pengfei Wang, Tingxian Li","doi":"10.1038/s41565-024-01713-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-024-01713-2","url":null,"abstract":"The upstream self-diffusion of dissociated protons induces long-lasting electricity generation in 2D nanochannels of MXene/PVA film with low water permeability.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"19 9","pages":"1243-1244"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141618325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-12DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01719-w
In Hyeok Choi, Seung Gyo Jeong, Sehwan Song, Sungkyun Park, Dong Bin Shin, Woo Seok Choi, Jong Seok Lee
Chiral phonons have recently been explored as a novel degree of freedom in quantum materials. The angular momentum carried by these quasiparticles is generated by the breaking of chiral degeneracy of phonons, owing to the chiral lattice structure or the rotational motion of ions of the material. In ferromagnets, a mechanism for generating non-equilibrium chiral phonons has been suggested, but their temporal evolution, which obeys Bose–Einstein statistics, remains unclear. Here we report the real-time dynamics of thermalized chiral phonons in an artificial superlattice composed of ferromagnetic metallic SrRuO3 and non-magnetic insulating SrTiO3. Following the photo-induced ultrafast demagnetization in the SrRuO3 layer, we observed the appearance of a magneto-optic signal in the superlattice, which is absent in the SrRuO3 single films. This magneto-optic signal exhibits thermally driven dynamic properties and a clear correlation with the thickness of the non-magnetic SrTiO3 layer, implying that it originates from thermalized chiral phonons. We use numerical calculations considering the magneto-elastic coupling in SrRuO3 to validate our experimental observations and the angular momentum transfer mechanism between the lattice and spin systems in ferromagnetic systems and also to the non-magnetic system. Not only electrons but also phonons can transport angular momentum in solids. Now, in an artificial superlattice, ultrafast demagnetization induces transfer of angular momentum from the spin system to the lattice.
{"title":"Real-time dynamics of angular momentum transfer from spin to acoustic chiral phonon in oxide heterostructures","authors":"In Hyeok Choi, Seung Gyo Jeong, Sehwan Song, Sungkyun Park, Dong Bin Shin, Woo Seok Choi, Jong Seok Lee","doi":"10.1038/s41565-024-01719-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-024-01719-w","url":null,"abstract":"Chiral phonons have recently been explored as a novel degree of freedom in quantum materials. The angular momentum carried by these quasiparticles is generated by the breaking of chiral degeneracy of phonons, owing to the chiral lattice structure or the rotational motion of ions of the material. In ferromagnets, a mechanism for generating non-equilibrium chiral phonons has been suggested, but their temporal evolution, which obeys Bose–Einstein statistics, remains unclear. Here we report the real-time dynamics of thermalized chiral phonons in an artificial superlattice composed of ferromagnetic metallic SrRuO3 and non-magnetic insulating SrTiO3. Following the photo-induced ultrafast demagnetization in the SrRuO3 layer, we observed the appearance of a magneto-optic signal in the superlattice, which is absent in the SrRuO3 single films. This magneto-optic signal exhibits thermally driven dynamic properties and a clear correlation with the thickness of the non-magnetic SrTiO3 layer, implying that it originates from thermalized chiral phonons. We use numerical calculations considering the magneto-elastic coupling in SrRuO3 to validate our experimental observations and the angular momentum transfer mechanism between the lattice and spin systems in ferromagnetic systems and also to the non-magnetic system. Not only electrons but also phonons can transport angular momentum in solids. Now, in an artificial superlattice, ultrafast demagnetization induces transfer of angular momentum from the spin system to the lattice.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"19 9","pages":"1277-1282"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141597618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01711-4
Roberta Fabbri, Alessandra Scidà, Emanuela Saracino, Giorgia Conte, Alessandro Kovtun, Andrea Candini, Denisa Kirdajova, Diletta Spennato, Valeria Marchetti, Chiara Lazzarini, Aikaterini Konstantoulaki, Paolo Dambruoso, Marco Caprini, Michele Muccini, Mauro Ursino, Miroslava Anderova, Emanuele Treossi, Roberto Zamboni, Vincenzo Palermo, Valentina Benfenati
Astrocytes are responsible for maintaining homoeostasis and cognitive functions through calcium signalling, a process that is altered in brain diseases. Current bioelectronic tools are designed to study neurons and are not suitable for controlling calcium signals in astrocytes. Here, we show that electrical stimulation of astrocytes using electrodes coated with graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide induces respectively a slow response to calcium, mediated by external calcium influx, and a sharp one, exclusively due to calcium release from intracellular stores. Our results suggest that the different conductivities of the substrate influence the electric field at the cell–electrolyte or cell–material interfaces, favouring different signalling events in vitro and ex vivo. Patch-clamp, voltage-sensitive dye and calcium imaging data support the proposed model. In summary, we provide evidence of a simple tool to selectively control distinct calcium signals in brain astrocytes for straightforward investigations in neuroscience and bioelectronic medicine. Electrical stimulation of astrocytes using electrodes coated with graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide can be used to trigger specific calcium signals.
{"title":"Graphene oxide electrodes enable electrical stimulation of distinct calcium signalling in brain astrocytes","authors":"Roberta Fabbri, Alessandra Scidà, Emanuela Saracino, Giorgia Conte, Alessandro Kovtun, Andrea Candini, Denisa Kirdajova, Diletta Spennato, Valeria Marchetti, Chiara Lazzarini, Aikaterini Konstantoulaki, Paolo Dambruoso, Marco Caprini, Michele Muccini, Mauro Ursino, Miroslava Anderova, Emanuele Treossi, Roberto Zamboni, Vincenzo Palermo, Valentina Benfenati","doi":"10.1038/s41565-024-01711-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-024-01711-4","url":null,"abstract":"Astrocytes are responsible for maintaining homoeostasis and cognitive functions through calcium signalling, a process that is altered in brain diseases. Current bioelectronic tools are designed to study neurons and are not suitable for controlling calcium signals in astrocytes. Here, we show that electrical stimulation of astrocytes using electrodes coated with graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide induces respectively a slow response to calcium, mediated by external calcium influx, and a sharp one, exclusively due to calcium release from intracellular stores. Our results suggest that the different conductivities of the substrate influence the electric field at the cell–electrolyte or cell–material interfaces, favouring different signalling events in vitro and ex vivo. Patch-clamp, voltage-sensitive dye and calcium imaging data support the proposed model. In summary, we provide evidence of a simple tool to selectively control distinct calcium signals in brain astrocytes for straightforward investigations in neuroscience and bioelectronic medicine. Electrical stimulation of astrocytes using electrodes coated with graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide can be used to trigger specific calcium signals.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"19 9","pages":"1344-1353"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41565-024-01711-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141573886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01704-3
Can Liu, Tianyao Liu, Zhibin Zhang, Zhipei Sun, Guangyu Zhang, Enge Wang, Kaihui Liu
The exceptional physical properties of two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) materials have been extensively researched, driving advances in material synthesis. Epitaxial growth, a prominent synthesis strategy, enables the production of large-area, high-quality 2D films compatible with advanced integrated circuits. Typical 2D single crystals, such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides and hexagonal boron nitride, have been epitaxially grown at a wafer scale. A systematic summary is required to offer strategic guidance for the epitaxy of emerging 2D materials. Here we focus on the epitaxy methodologies for 2D vdW materials in two directions: the growth of in-plane single-crystal monolayers and the fabrication of out-of-plane homostructures. We first discuss nucleation control of a single domain and orientation control over multiple domains to achieve large-scale single-crystal monolayers. We analyse the defect levels and measures of crystalline quality of typical 2D vdW materials with various epitaxial growth techniques. We then outline technical routes for the growth of homogeneous multilayers and twisted homostructures. We further summarize the current strategies to guide future efforts in optimizing on-demand fabrication of 2D vdW materials, as well as subsequent device manufacturing for their industrial applications. This Review examines conventional epitaxial growth of 2D van der Waals materials, focusing on in-plane single-crystal monolayer growth and out-of-plane homostructure fabrication. It covers nucleation and orientation control, quality control measures, and homogeneous multilayer and twisted homostructure growth techniques, providing systematic insights for on-demand fabrication of 2D van der Waals materials and their industrial device manufacturing.
{"title":"Understanding epitaxial growth of two-dimensional materials and their homostructures","authors":"Can Liu, Tianyao Liu, Zhibin Zhang, Zhipei Sun, Guangyu Zhang, Enge Wang, Kaihui Liu","doi":"10.1038/s41565-024-01704-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-024-01704-3","url":null,"abstract":"The exceptional physical properties of two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) materials have been extensively researched, driving advances in material synthesis. Epitaxial growth, a prominent synthesis strategy, enables the production of large-area, high-quality 2D films compatible with advanced integrated circuits. Typical 2D single crystals, such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides and hexagonal boron nitride, have been epitaxially grown at a wafer scale. A systematic summary is required to offer strategic guidance for the epitaxy of emerging 2D materials. Here we focus on the epitaxy methodologies for 2D vdW materials in two directions: the growth of in-plane single-crystal monolayers and the fabrication of out-of-plane homostructures. We first discuss nucleation control of a single domain and orientation control over multiple domains to achieve large-scale single-crystal monolayers. We analyse the defect levels and measures of crystalline quality of typical 2D vdW materials with various epitaxial growth techniques. We then outline technical routes for the growth of homogeneous multilayers and twisted homostructures. We further summarize the current strategies to guide future efforts in optimizing on-demand fabrication of 2D vdW materials, as well as subsequent device manufacturing for their industrial applications. This Review examines conventional epitaxial growth of 2D van der Waals materials, focusing on in-plane single-crystal monolayer growth and out-of-plane homostructure fabrication. It covers nucleation and orientation control, quality control measures, and homogeneous multilayer and twisted homostructure growth techniques, providing systematic insights for on-demand fabrication of 2D van der Waals materials and their industrial device manufacturing.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"19 7","pages":"907-918"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141573885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-08DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01710-5
Tibor Grasser, Michael Waltl, Theresia Knobloch
Room-temperature wafer-scale thermal evaporation of 20 different polycrystalline rare-earth-metal fluoride films for their use in 2D transistors is demonstrated.
演示了 20 种不同的多晶稀土金属氟化物薄膜的室温晶圆级热蒸发，这些薄膜可用于二维晶体管。
{"title":"Fluoride dielectrics for 2D transistors","authors":"Tibor Grasser, Michael Waltl, Theresia Knobloch","doi":"10.1038/s41565-024-01710-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-024-01710-5","url":null,"abstract":"Room-temperature wafer-scale thermal evaporation of 20 different polycrystalline rare-earth-metal fluoride films for their use in 2D transistors is demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"19 7","pages":"880-881"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141556748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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