Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.22038/NMJ.2019.06.000004
Ensiyeh Shafaei, B. Divband, N. Gharehaghaji
Objective(s): Relevance between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) relaxation rate and concentration of magnetic nanoparticles determines the capability of a nanomaterial to provide MRI contrast. In the present study, alginate was conjugated to gadolinium/graphene oxide nanocomposite to form gadolinium/graphene oxide/alginate nanocomposite, aiming to investigate its effect on the relevance between MRI longitudinal relaxation rate and paramagnetic gadolinium concentration.Materials and Methods: The physicochemical properties of the nanocomposite and its effect on the cell culture were investigated. Moreover, MRI longitudinal relaxation rates were determined based on the corresponding exponential curves, and the graph of their relevance with gadolinium concentration was plotted. Results: The average thickness and sheet size of the nanocomposite were three and 100 nanometers, respectively. The nanocomposite showed high cell viability, even at the relatively high concentration of 75 µg/ml. In addition, a linear correlation was observed between longitudinal relaxation rate and gadolinium concentration. Conclusion: According to the results, the linearity between gadolinium/graphene oxide/alginate nanocomposite and gadolinium concentration, which revealed a high slope, confirmed the potential of the nanocomposite to significantly improve the positive contrast of MR images.
{"title":"Relevance between MRI longitudinal relaxation rate and gadolinium concentration in Gd3+/GO/alginate nanocomposite","authors":"Ensiyeh Shafaei, B. Divband, N. Gharehaghaji","doi":"10.22038/NMJ.2019.06.000004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/NMJ.2019.06.000004","url":null,"abstract":"Objective(s): Relevance between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) relaxation rate and concentration of magnetic nanoparticles determines the capability of a nanomaterial to provide MRI contrast. In the present study, alginate was conjugated to gadolinium/graphene oxide nanocomposite to form gadolinium/graphene oxide/alginate nanocomposite, aiming to investigate its effect on the relevance between MRI longitudinal relaxation rate and paramagnetic gadolinium concentration.Materials and Methods: The physicochemical properties of the nanocomposite and its effect on the cell culture were investigated. Moreover, MRI longitudinal relaxation rates were determined based on the corresponding exponential curves, and the graph of their relevance with gadolinium concentration was plotted. Results: The average thickness and sheet size of the nanocomposite were three and 100 nanometers, respectively. The nanocomposite showed high cell viability, even at the relatively high concentration of 75 µg/ml. In addition, a linear correlation was observed between longitudinal relaxation rate and gadolinium concentration. Conclusion: According to the results, the linearity between gadolinium/graphene oxide/alginate nanocomposite and gadolinium concentration, which revealed a high slope, confirmed the potential of the nanocomposite to significantly improve the positive contrast of MR images.","PeriodicalId":18933,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"263-268"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47792830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.22038/NMJ.2019.06.000005
Khatereh Faaliyan, H. Abdoos, E. Borhani, S. Afghahi
Objective(s): The use of cationic surface-active agents (surfactant) in the synthesis of nanoparticles, with formation of micelle, can act as a template for the formation of meso-porous silica. Changes in the concentration of surfactants can affect the structures and properties of the resulting nanoparticles.Materials and Methods: Magnetite nanoparticles were prepared as cores using the coprecipitation method. Silica shells were formed on the prepared cores using sol-gel through the single-step process. During synthesis, cetrimonium bromide (CTAB) was used as a surfactant at low (0.1 g), medium (1 g), and high concentrations (7 g), and the effects on the properties of the nanoparticles were investigated. The core-shell nanoparticles were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, the surface porosities of the nanoparticles were evaluated using the BET and BJH methods. The vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) was also employed to assess the magnetic characteristics of the synthesized samples. Results: The results of XRD indicated that the nanoparticles were composed of magnetite and silica, while the SEM and TEM images confirmed the presence of uniform spherical particles with a core-shell structure. According to the results of the VSM tests, all nanoparticles showed super-paramagnetic behaviors. Moreover, the increased concentration of CTAB led to an increment in saturation magnetization (Ms), size, and volume of the surface pores, while the specific surface area of the nanoparticles decreased. Conclusion: According to the results, the properties of the silica shell could be adjusted in terms of pore characteristics and magnetic behavior by changing the concentration of the surfactant.
{"title":"Core-shell nanoparticles for medical applications: effects of surfactant concentration on the characteristics and magnetic properties of magnetite-silica nanoparticles","authors":"Khatereh Faaliyan, H. Abdoos, E. Borhani, S. Afghahi","doi":"10.22038/NMJ.2019.06.000005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/NMJ.2019.06.000005","url":null,"abstract":"Objective(s): The use of cationic surface-active agents (surfactant) in the synthesis of nanoparticles, with formation of micelle, can act as a template for the formation of meso-porous silica. Changes in the concentration of surfactants can affect the structures and properties of the resulting nanoparticles.Materials and Methods: Magnetite nanoparticles were prepared as cores using the coprecipitation method. Silica shells were formed on the prepared cores using sol-gel through the single-step process. During synthesis, cetrimonium bromide (CTAB) was used as a surfactant at low (0.1 g), medium (1 g), and high concentrations (7 g), and the effects on the properties of the nanoparticles were investigated. The core-shell nanoparticles were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, the surface porosities of the nanoparticles were evaluated using the BET and BJH methods. The vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) was also employed to assess the magnetic characteristics of the synthesized samples. Results: The results of XRD indicated that the nanoparticles were composed of magnetite and silica, while the SEM and TEM images confirmed the presence of uniform spherical particles with a core-shell structure. According to the results of the VSM tests, all nanoparticles showed super-paramagnetic behaviors. Moreover, the increased concentration of CTAB led to an increment in saturation magnetization (Ms), size, and volume of the surface pores, while the specific surface area of the nanoparticles decreased. Conclusion: According to the results, the properties of the silica shell could be adjusted in terms of pore characteristics and magnetic behavior by changing the concentration of the surfactant.","PeriodicalId":18933,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"269-275"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44228810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.22038/NMJ.2019.06.000008
A. Karimi, L. Khajehpour, M. Kesmati
Objective(s): Nanoparticles of iron oxide (nFe2O3) are widely used in medicine and industry and could interfere with the brain processes associated with memory. The involvement of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the process of memory formation has been confirmed. The present study aimed to investigate the possible interference of the cholinergic muscarinic receptors of the dorsal hippocampal CA1 area in the memory impairment induced by nFe2O3 in adult male rats.Materials and Methods: In this study, we examined the possible involvement of the cholinergic muscarinic receptors of the dorsal hippocampal CA1 area in the memory impairment induced by nFe2O3. In total, 70 male rats were divided into 10 groups of saline (1 µl/rat)+saline (1 ml/kg; intraperitoneal [IP]), saline (1 µl/rat)+nFe2O3 (5 and 7.5 mg/kg; IP), pilocarpine (1 and 2 µg/rat)+saline (1 ml/kg), pilocarpine (1 and 2 µg/rat)+nFe2O3 (7.5 mg/kg; IP), scopolamine (1 and 2 µg/rat)+saline (1 ml/kg), and scopolamine (1 µg/rat)+ nFe2O3 (5 mg/kg; IP).Results: Pilocarpine and scopolamine were injected intra-CA1 after training and before the IP administration of nFe2O3. The latency to enter the dark compartment in the step-through apparatus and locomotor activity was performed on the animals in an open field at 24 hours and seven days after training. The results indicated that nFe2O3 (7.5 mg/kg) decreased memory retrieval (P
{"title":"Role of the cholinergic muscarinic receptors of the CA1 area in the memory impairment induced by iron oxide nanoparticle in adult male rats","authors":"A. Karimi, L. Khajehpour, M. Kesmati","doi":"10.22038/NMJ.2019.06.000008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/NMJ.2019.06.000008","url":null,"abstract":"Objective(s): Nanoparticles of iron oxide (nFe2O3) are widely used in medicine and industry and could interfere with the brain processes associated with memory. The involvement of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the process of memory formation has been confirmed. The present study aimed to investigate the possible interference of the cholinergic muscarinic receptors of the dorsal hippocampal CA1 area in the memory impairment induced by nFe2O3 in adult male rats.Materials and Methods: In this study, we examined the possible involvement of the cholinergic muscarinic receptors of the dorsal hippocampal CA1 area in the memory impairment induced by nFe2O3. In total, 70 male rats were divided into 10 groups of saline (1 µl/rat)+saline (1 ml/kg; intraperitoneal [IP]), saline (1 µl/rat)+nFe2O3 (5 and 7.5 mg/kg; IP), pilocarpine (1 and 2 µg/rat)+saline (1 ml/kg), pilocarpine (1 and 2 µg/rat)+nFe2O3 (7.5 mg/kg; IP), scopolamine (1 and 2 µg/rat)+saline (1 ml/kg), and scopolamine (1 µg/rat)+ nFe2O3 (5 mg/kg; IP).Results: Pilocarpine and scopolamine were injected intra-CA1 after training and before the IP administration of nFe2O3. The latency to enter the dark compartment in the step-through apparatus and locomotor activity was performed on the animals in an open field at 24 hours and seven days after training. The results indicated that nFe2O3 (7.5 mg/kg) decreased memory retrieval (P","PeriodicalId":18933,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"301-310"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46588446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.22038/NMJ.2019.06.000002
H. Alqaraghuli, S. Kashanian, R. Rafipour, K. Mansouri
Objective(s): Nanocarriers are drug delivery vehicles, which have attracted the attention of researchers in recent years, particularly in cancer treatment. The encapsulation of anticancer drugs using protein nanocages is considered to be an optimal approach to reducing drug side-effects and increasing the bioavailability of anticancer drugs. Epirubicin (EPR) is an active chemotherapeutic medication used in the treatment of breast cancer. However, the toxicity of this drug against normal cells is a considerable limitation in therapy. EPR toxicity could be reduced using nanocarriers and dual-targeted drug delivery. Dual-targeted drug delivery system was developed by the conjugation of dopamine (DA) with horse spleen apoferritin (HsAFr)-encapsulated EPR to overcome the limitations of chemotherapeutic EPR in breast cancer treatment. HsAFr-EPR-DA complexes could target the scavenger receptors, transferrin receptors 1, and DA receptors, which are overexpressed on breast cancer cells. Materials and Methods: UV-Visible, fluorescence, and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopic techniques and transmission electronic microscope (TEM) have been applied to characterize HsAFr-EPR-DA complexes. In the present study, we utilized human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7), aiming to compare the cytotoxicity of HsAFr-EPR-DA complexes to free EPR. Results: The toxicity was measured using the MTT assay, which demonstrated that the dual-targeted nanocarrier (HsAFr-EPR-DA) enhanced cytotoxicity against MCF-7 more significantly compared to non-targeted nanocarriers.Conclusion: The findings of the current research indicated that the synthesized HsAFr-DA complex was an optimal nanocarrier for the dual-targeted delivery of anticancer drugs.
{"title":"Dopamine-conjugated apoferritin protein nanocage for the dual-targeting delivery of epirubicin","authors":"H. Alqaraghuli, S. Kashanian, R. Rafipour, K. Mansouri","doi":"10.22038/NMJ.2019.06.000002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/NMJ.2019.06.000002","url":null,"abstract":"Objective(s): Nanocarriers are drug delivery vehicles, which have attracted the attention of researchers in recent years, particularly in cancer treatment. The encapsulation of anticancer drugs using protein nanocages is considered to be an optimal approach to reducing drug side-effects and increasing the bioavailability of anticancer drugs. Epirubicin (EPR) is an active chemotherapeutic medication used in the treatment of breast cancer. However, the toxicity of this drug against normal cells is a considerable limitation in therapy. EPR toxicity could be reduced using nanocarriers and dual-targeted drug delivery. Dual-targeted drug delivery system was developed by the conjugation of dopamine (DA) with horse spleen apoferritin (HsAFr)-encapsulated EPR to overcome the limitations of chemotherapeutic EPR in breast cancer treatment. HsAFr-EPR-DA complexes could target the scavenger receptors, transferrin receptors 1, and DA receptors, which are overexpressed on breast cancer cells. Materials and Methods: UV-Visible, fluorescence, and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopic techniques and transmission electronic microscope (TEM) have been applied to characterize HsAFr-EPR-DA complexes. In the present study, we utilized human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7), aiming to compare the cytotoxicity of HsAFr-EPR-DA complexes to free EPR. Results: The toxicity was measured using the MTT assay, which demonstrated that the dual-targeted nanocarrier (HsAFr-EPR-DA) enhanced cytotoxicity against MCF-7 more significantly compared to non-targeted nanocarriers.Conclusion: The findings of the current research indicated that the synthesized HsAFr-DA complex was an optimal nanocarrier for the dual-targeted delivery of anticancer drugs.","PeriodicalId":18933,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"250-257"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42973060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.22038/NMJ.2019.06.000009
Gholamreza Savari Kozehkonan, M. Salehi, Saeed Farzamfar, H. Ghanbari, M. Adabi, A. Amani
Objective(s): The present study aimed to prepare polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds with high porosity and pore interconnectivity, in order to copy the microstructure of natural bones using the thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) technique. Materials and Methods: The scaffolds were coated with chitosan (CH), bioactive glass (BG), and gelatin nanoparticles (GEL NPs) and assessed using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Results: The size of the prepared BG and GEL NPs was estimated to be 400 and 234 nanometers, respectively. The porosity and contact angle of PCL/CH/GEL NPs/BG was 74% and 72°, respectively. Weight loss and electron microscopy evaluations indicated the improved degradation rate of the scaffolds and spreading tendency of the cells on the scaffolds when modified as compared to the scaffolds that were purely obtained from PCL. In addition, the in-vitro studies revealed that the MG-63 cells cultured on the PCL/CH/GEL NPs/BG scaffolds showed improved cell proliferation more significantly compared to the scaffolds obtained from PCL, PCL/CH/GEL NPs, PCL/CH, and PCL/GEL NPs. Mechanical examinations also showed that PCL/CH/GEL/BG scaffolds had the highest mechanical strength compared to other groups (i.e., 4.66 Mpa). Cell viability was estimated to be 96.7%, and the alizarin red test indicated the significant improvement of mineralization in the PCL/CH/GEL NP group. Conclusion: According to the results, the PCL scaffolds that were modified by CH/GEL NPs/BG had the high potency to be used as bone tissue engineering scaffolds.
{"title":"Preparation and characterization of PCL polymeric scaffolds coated with chitosan/ bioactive glass/gelatin nanoparticles using the tips methodology for bone tissue engineering","authors":"Gholamreza Savari Kozehkonan, M. Salehi, Saeed Farzamfar, H. Ghanbari, M. Adabi, A. Amani","doi":"10.22038/NMJ.2019.06.000009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/NMJ.2019.06.000009","url":null,"abstract":"Objective(s): The present study aimed to prepare polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds with high porosity and pore interconnectivity, in order to copy the microstructure of natural bones using the thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) technique. Materials and Methods: The scaffolds were coated with chitosan (CH), bioactive glass (BG), and gelatin nanoparticles (GEL NPs) and assessed using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Results: The size of the prepared BG and GEL NPs was estimated to be 400 and 234 nanometers, respectively. The porosity and contact angle of PCL/CH/GEL NPs/BG was 74% and 72°, respectively. Weight loss and electron microscopy evaluations indicated the improved degradation rate of the scaffolds and spreading tendency of the cells on the scaffolds when modified as compared to the scaffolds that were purely obtained from PCL. In addition, the in-vitro studies revealed that the MG-63 cells cultured on the PCL/CH/GEL NPs/BG scaffolds showed improved cell proliferation more significantly compared to the scaffolds obtained from PCL, PCL/CH/GEL NPs, PCL/CH, and PCL/GEL NPs. Mechanical examinations also showed that PCL/CH/GEL/BG scaffolds had the highest mechanical strength compared to other groups (i.e., 4.66 Mpa). Cell viability was estimated to be 96.7%, and the alizarin red test indicated the significant improvement of mineralization in the PCL/CH/GEL NP group. Conclusion: According to the results, the PCL scaffolds that were modified by CH/GEL NPs/BG had the high potency to be used as bone tissue engineering scaffolds.","PeriodicalId":18933,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"311-320"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44813242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.22038/NMJ.2019.06.000006
M. Zangeneh, H. Nedaei, H. Mozdarani, A. Mahmoudzadeh, S. Kharrazi, M. Salimi
Objective(s): Semiconductor zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have unique properties, such as inherent selectivity and photosensitization effects under ultraviolet (UV) radiation. ZnO NPs serve as promising anticancer agents. However, UV radiation limits their penetration into the body. In most clinical settings, it is essential to use high-energy photons in the treatment of deep-seated tumors. The present study aimed to evaluate the radiosensitization effects of ZnO NPs on human lung cancer cells under megavoltage (MV) X-ray irradiation. Materials and Methods: ZnO NPs with the mean diameter of seven nanometers were synthesized and characterized. The cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of ZnO NPs were evaluated in SKLC-6 lung cancer and MRC-5 normal lung cells using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-yl)-5(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTT) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry assays, respectively. In addition, the radiosensitization effects of ZnO NPs were investigated under MV irradiation using a clonogenic survival assay. Apoptosis induction and DNA damage were also evaluated using flow cytometry and cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay, respectively.Results: ZnO NPs were taken up and reduced the viability of the cancer cells at a higher rate compared to the normal cells. Moreover, ZnO NPs significantly enhanced the radiosensitivity of the cancer cells with the sensitizer enhancement ratios of 1.23 and 1.31 at the concentrations of 10 and 20 μg/ml, respectively. However, they had no significant effect on the radiosensitivity of the normal cells. Apoptosis induction and DNA damage also improved at a higher rate in the cancer cells compared to the normal cells with the combination of ZnO NPs with MV radiation.Conclusion: According to the results, ZnO NPs had the potential to be a selective radiosensitizer for lung cancer radiotherapy under MV X-ray irradiation. Some of the cytotoxic and genotoxic mechanisms in radiosensitization by ZnO NPs were elevated apoptosis induction and DNA damage levels.
{"title":"The role and mechanisms of zinc oxide nanoparticles in the improvement of the radiosensitivity of lung cancer cells in clinically relevant megavoltage radiation energies in-vitro","authors":"M. Zangeneh, H. Nedaei, H. Mozdarani, A. Mahmoudzadeh, S. Kharrazi, M. Salimi","doi":"10.22038/NMJ.2019.06.000006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/NMJ.2019.06.000006","url":null,"abstract":"Objective(s): Semiconductor zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have unique properties, such as inherent selectivity and photosensitization effects under ultraviolet (UV) radiation. ZnO NPs serve as promising anticancer agents. However, UV radiation limits their penetration into the body. In most clinical settings, it is essential to use high-energy photons in the treatment of deep-seated tumors. The present study aimed to evaluate the radiosensitization effects of ZnO NPs on human lung cancer cells under megavoltage (MV) X-ray irradiation. Materials and Methods: ZnO NPs with the mean diameter of seven nanometers were synthesized and characterized. The cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of ZnO NPs were evaluated in SKLC-6 lung cancer and MRC-5 normal lung cells using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-yl)-5(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTT) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry assays, respectively. In addition, the radiosensitization effects of ZnO NPs were investigated under MV irradiation using a clonogenic survival assay. Apoptosis induction and DNA damage were also evaluated using flow cytometry and cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay, respectively.Results: ZnO NPs were taken up and reduced the viability of the cancer cells at a higher rate compared to the normal cells. Moreover, ZnO NPs significantly enhanced the radiosensitivity of the cancer cells with the sensitizer enhancement ratios of 1.23 and 1.31 at the concentrations of 10 and 20 μg/ml, respectively. However, they had no significant effect on the radiosensitivity of the normal cells. Apoptosis induction and DNA damage also improved at a higher rate in the cancer cells compared to the normal cells with the combination of ZnO NPs with MV radiation.Conclusion: According to the results, ZnO NPs had the potential to be a selective radiosensitizer for lung cancer radiotherapy under MV X-ray irradiation. Some of the cytotoxic and genotoxic mechanisms in radiosensitization by ZnO NPs were elevated apoptosis induction and DNA damage levels.","PeriodicalId":18933,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"276-290"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44381066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.22038/NMJ.2019.06.000001
M. Malek, F. Farzaneh, Yasaman Samani, Fatemeh Pachenari, Hamid Pachenari
Nanotechnology has various applications in restorative dentistry in order to achieve reliable treatment outcomes. The present study aimed to comprehensively review the studies focused on the applications of nano-based materials, technologies, and methods used in restorative dentistry. Related articles were retrieved via searching in databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. Afterwards, the appropriate references regarding the research subject were assessed, and findings were collected to achieve a comprehensive review study. According to the obtained results, the utilization of nanotechnology in restorative dentistry could yield beneficial outcomes. The dispersion of nano-sized structures in restorative materials could enhance mechanical properties such as diametral and flexural strength and fracture toughness. However, the improvement of the mentioned mechanical properties depends on the type of the nano-sized materials, their content, and type of the additional materials used along with nano-based restorative materials.
{"title":"The applications of nanotechnology in restorative dentistry: a review study","authors":"M. Malek, F. Farzaneh, Yasaman Samani, Fatemeh Pachenari, Hamid Pachenari","doi":"10.22038/NMJ.2019.06.000001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/NMJ.2019.06.000001","url":null,"abstract":"Nanotechnology has various applications in restorative dentistry in order to achieve reliable treatment outcomes. The present study aimed to comprehensively review the studies focused on the applications of nano-based materials, technologies, and methods used in restorative dentistry. Related articles were retrieved via searching in databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. Afterwards, the appropriate references regarding the research subject were assessed, and findings were collected to achieve a comprehensive review study. According to the obtained results, the utilization of nanotechnology in restorative dentistry could yield beneficial outcomes. The dispersion of nano-sized structures in restorative materials could enhance mechanical properties such as diametral and flexural strength and fracture toughness. However, the improvement of the mentioned mechanical properties depends on the type of the nano-sized materials, their content, and type of the additional materials used along with nano-based restorative materials.","PeriodicalId":18933,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"241-249"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49471139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.22038/NMJ.2019.06.00002
Kohei Nishimoto, S. Nagano, K. Murase
Objective(s): Inhaled aerocontaminants are removed from the lungs by pulmonary mucociliary transport (MCT) as an important defense mechanism. This study was undertaken to investigate the influence of the surface potential of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) on the MCT in murine lungs by use of magnetic particle imaging (MPI).Materials and Methods: Three kinds of MNPs (carboxymethyl dextran magnetite (CM), alkali-treated dextran magnetite (AM), and trimethylammonium dextran magnetite (TM)) with almost the same hydrodynamic diameters (50-55 nm) but different surface (zeta) potentials (−24 mV for CM, −15 mV for AM, and +2 mV for TM) were intratracheally injected to anesthetized ICR male mice at 10 weeks old using a nebulizing microsprayer containing 50 μL of MNPs. MPI images were acquired at 0.5, 6, 24, 72, and 168 hours after the injection of agents for each mouse. The retention value of the MNPs in the lungs was quantified from the average pixel value of the lungs in the MPI image. Results: The retention value of TM in the lungs was significantly greater than that of AM at 6 and 168 hours after the injection of agents, and was significantly greater than that of CM at 72 and 168 hours after injection. The retention value of AM was significantly greater than that of CM at 168 hours after injection.Conclusion: The surface potential of MNPs affects the clearance of MNPs from the lungs due to MCT, suggesting that the retention of MNPs in the lungs can be controlled by manipulating the surface potential of MNPs. MPI will be useful for the visual and quantitative assessment of MCT, because MPI allows for repeated and long-term studies with a single injection of MNPs and with no radiation exposure.
{"title":"Assessment of pulmonary mucociliary transport using magnetic nanoparticles: influence of their surface potential","authors":"Kohei Nishimoto, S. Nagano, K. Murase","doi":"10.22038/NMJ.2019.06.00002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/NMJ.2019.06.00002","url":null,"abstract":"Objective(s): Inhaled aerocontaminants are removed from the lungs by pulmonary mucociliary transport (MCT) as an important defense mechanism. This study was undertaken to investigate the influence of the surface potential of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) on the MCT in murine lungs by use of magnetic particle imaging (MPI).Materials and Methods: Three kinds of MNPs (carboxymethyl dextran magnetite (CM), alkali-treated dextran magnetite (AM), and trimethylammonium dextran magnetite (TM)) with almost the same hydrodynamic diameters (50-55 nm) but different surface (zeta) potentials (−24 mV for CM, −15 mV for AM, and +2 mV for TM) were intratracheally injected to anesthetized ICR male mice at 10 weeks old using a nebulizing microsprayer containing 50 μL of MNPs. MPI images were acquired at 0.5, 6, 24, 72, and 168 hours after the injection of agents for each mouse. The retention value of the MNPs in the lungs was quantified from the average pixel value of the lungs in the MPI image. Results: The retention value of TM in the lungs was significantly greater than that of AM at 6 and 168 hours after the injection of agents, and was significantly greater than that of CM at 72 and 168 hours after injection. The retention value of AM was significantly greater than that of CM at 168 hours after injection.Conclusion: The surface potential of MNPs affects the clearance of MNPs from the lungs due to MCT, suggesting that the retention of MNPs in the lungs can be controlled by manipulating the surface potential of MNPs. MPI will be useful for the visual and quantitative assessment of MCT, because MPI allows for repeated and long-term studies with a single injection of MNPs and with no radiation exposure.","PeriodicalId":18933,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine Journal","volume":"97 1","pages":"161-166"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68369478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.22038/NMJ.2019.06.00005
S. Esmaeili, M. Shahali, Alireza Kordjamshidi, Zahra Torkpoor, Farshad Namdari, S. S. Samandari, M. G. Nejad, A. Khandan
Objective(s): Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality in the elderly. A common medical procedure for the treatment of CVDs is the replacement of the blocked or narrowed arteries, which is currently the optimal vascular transplant associated with autograft transplantation. In general, the saphenous veins and radial arteries in the mammary gland are considered to be the selective vessels for vascular substitution. In many cardiac patients, artificial blood vessels (ABVs) are not used for several reasons, including the age of the patient, small size of the veins, previous impressions, and abnormally. Therefore, the consideration of vascular substitute demands is inevitable, especially regarding vascular transplantation with very small diameters and availability of proper alternatives. The present study aimed to develop a novel artificial bio-composite blood vessel using polymer-reinforced and bioceramic nanoparticles. Materials and Methods: The biomechanics and chemical properties of artificial vessels have been investigated to be used in coronary artery bypassing in atherosclerosis as a soft tissue engineering procedure. In this study, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composed of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (HA) nanopowder was prepared using the extrusion technique to construct the ABVs. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to investigate the optimum specimen. An important feature of the ABVs was the ability to find the elastic modulus, wettability, and porosity of the veins, which were assessed by fused deposition modeling and 3D printing. Results: The sample containing five wt% of HA had superior mechanical and biological features over the pure sample. Conclusion: According to the results, the narrowed arteries composed of TPU composite with nanocrystalline HA nanopowder had proper chemical stability and mechanical characteristics.
{"title":"An artificial blood vessel fabricated by 3D printing for pharmaceutical application","authors":"S. Esmaeili, M. Shahali, Alireza Kordjamshidi, Zahra Torkpoor, Farshad Namdari, S. S. Samandari, M. G. Nejad, A. Khandan","doi":"10.22038/NMJ.2019.06.00005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/NMJ.2019.06.00005","url":null,"abstract":"Objective(s): Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality in the elderly. A common medical procedure for the treatment of CVDs is the replacement of the blocked or narrowed arteries, which is currently the optimal vascular transplant associated with autograft transplantation. In general, the saphenous veins and radial arteries in the mammary gland are considered to be the selective vessels for vascular substitution. In many cardiac patients, artificial blood vessels (ABVs) are not used for several reasons, including the age of the patient, small size of the veins, previous impressions, and abnormally. Therefore, the consideration of vascular substitute demands is inevitable, especially regarding vascular transplantation with very small diameters and availability of proper alternatives. The present study aimed to develop a novel artificial bio-composite blood vessel using polymer-reinforced and bioceramic nanoparticles. Materials and Methods: The biomechanics and chemical properties of artificial vessels have been investigated to be used in coronary artery bypassing in atherosclerosis as a soft tissue engineering procedure. In this study, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composed of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (HA) nanopowder was prepared using the extrusion technique to construct the ABVs. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to investigate the optimum specimen. An important feature of the ABVs was the ability to find the elastic modulus, wettability, and porosity of the veins, which were assessed by fused deposition modeling and 3D printing. Results: The sample containing five wt% of HA had superior mechanical and biological features over the pure sample. Conclusion: According to the results, the narrowed arteries composed of TPU composite with nanocrystalline HA nanopowder had proper chemical stability and mechanical characteristics.","PeriodicalId":18933,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"183-194"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47057152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.22038/NMJ.2019.06.00008
M. Nazarpoor, H. Fattahi
Objective(s): The present study aimed to evaluate the capability of synthesized and modified superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) as the positive contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by investigating the effect of repetition time (TR) on the MRI signal intensity. Materials and Methods: SPIONs were synthesized using the co-precipitation method, and their surface was successfully modified with biocompatible poly (N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP). The effect of TR on the signal intensity (SI) of the PVP-grafted SPIONs was assessed in the spin-echo T1-weighted MRI images. Results: The results indicated the maximum SI at the concentration of 400 µmol Fe/l with the TR of 800-2,200 milliseconds. Moreover, the maximum SI was observed at the concentration of 75 µmol Fe/l, where TR was within the range of 2,900-6,400 milliseconds. Conclusion: According to the results, in addition to their capability as negative MRI contrast agents, PVP-grafted SPIONs could be preferred positive contrast agents with specific imaging parameters and have the potential application for early cancer diagnosis and perfusion measurements.
{"title":"Potential positive MRI contrast agent based on PVP-grafted superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with various repetition times","authors":"M. Nazarpoor, H. Fattahi","doi":"10.22038/NMJ.2019.06.00008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/NMJ.2019.06.00008","url":null,"abstract":"Objective(s): The present study aimed to evaluate the capability of synthesized and modified superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) as the positive contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by investigating the effect of repetition time (TR) on the MRI signal intensity. Materials and Methods: SPIONs were synthesized using the co-precipitation method, and their surface was successfully modified with biocompatible poly (N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP). The effect of TR on the signal intensity (SI) of the PVP-grafted SPIONs was assessed in the spin-echo T1-weighted MRI images. Results: The results indicated the maximum SI at the concentration of 400 µmol Fe/l with the TR of 800-2,200 milliseconds. Moreover, the maximum SI was observed at the concentration of 75 µmol Fe/l, where TR was within the range of 2,900-6,400 milliseconds. Conclusion: According to the results, in addition to their capability as negative MRI contrast agents, PVP-grafted SPIONs could be preferred positive contrast agents with specific imaging parameters and have the potential application for early cancer diagnosis and perfusion measurements.","PeriodicalId":18933,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"214-222"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44767547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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