Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.20294/jgbt.2022.18.5.17
Il-hyun Yoon, Yong-min Kim
Purpose - This study aims to investigate how economic growth responds to oil price volatility and key macroeconomic factors, such as interest rate, inflation and unemployment rate in two big oil consumers and importers in the world, the US and Korea. Design/Methodology/Approach - This study used quarterly time-series data of each variable for the period 1990 to 2022, consisting of two sub-periods, to employ ARDL (autoregressive distributed lag) method and the Granger causality test in order to identify the role of the movement of oil prices and key macroeconomic factors in national economic growth in the US and Korea. Findings - The results show that economic growth is correlated with interest rate, CPI, and unemployment rate in the US and Korea, with no significant relationship between economic growth and crude oil price shocks for both the pre- and post-GFC periods in the two countries. For the long-run and short-run effects among variables based upon the ARDL model estimation, there exists a long-run impact of past CPI value on the Korea’s economic growth in the pre-GFC period and, in the post-GFC, various variables affect economic growth in the US and Korea. In the short run, there is no evidence of an oil price shock effect on national economic growth in the US and Korea. Research Implications - The findings confirmed that the impact of oil price shocks on the national economic performance has weakened. This study has significant implications for policymakers attempting to address the effects of oil price shocks in their economies. Policymakers need to focus on the relatively manageable economic variables for sustainable economic growth rather than oil price changes. It is also suggested that oil price as a production cost and policy-manageable macroeconomic variables that have been used as growth strategies have limitations in using them any longer because the expansion of potential growth through reform or innovation is believed to be the source of economic growth.
{"title":"Dynamic Association among Economic Growth, Oil Prices, and Key Macroeconomic Factors: Evidence from the US and Korea","authors":"Il-hyun Yoon, Yong-min Kim","doi":"10.20294/jgbt.2022.18.5.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20294/jgbt.2022.18.5.17","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose - This study aims to investigate how economic growth responds to oil price volatility and key macroeconomic factors, such as interest rate, inflation and unemployment rate in two big oil consumers and importers in the world, the US and Korea. \u0000Design/Methodology/Approach - This study used quarterly time-series data of each variable for the period 1990 to 2022, consisting of two sub-periods, to employ ARDL (autoregressive distributed lag) method and the Granger causality test in order to identify the role of the movement of oil prices and key macroeconomic factors in national economic growth in the US and Korea. \u0000Findings - The results show that economic growth is correlated with interest rate, CPI, and unemployment rate in the US and Korea, with no significant relationship between economic growth and crude oil price shocks for both the pre- and post-GFC periods in the two countries. For the long-run and short-run effects among variables based upon the ARDL model estimation, there exists a long-run impact of past CPI value on the Korea’s economic growth in the pre-GFC period and, in the post-GFC, various variables affect economic growth in the US and Korea. In the short run, there is no evidence of an oil price shock effect on national economic growth in the US and Korea. \u0000Research Implications - The findings confirmed that the impact of oil price shocks on the national economic performance has weakened. This study has significant implications for policymakers attempting to address the effects of oil price shocks in their economies. Policymakers need to focus on the relatively manageable economic variables for sustainable economic growth rather than oil price changes. It is also suggested that oil price as a production cost and policy-manageable macroeconomic variables that have been used as growth strategies have limitations in using them any longer because the expansion of potential growth through reform or innovation is believed to be the source of economic growth.","PeriodicalId":190222,"journal":{"name":"International Academy of Global Business and Trade","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132951905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.20294/jgbt.2022.18.5.59
Su-Yeon Lee, Y. Kim
Purpose - This study examines the effects of Technology-Based Self-Service (TBSS) on passenger satisfaction, behavioral intention, and airport image, and analyzes the moderating effect of self-efficacy on the relationship between TBSS characteristics and passenger satisfaction. Design/Methodology/Approach - The study uses the SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 26.0 statistical packages to analyze a sample of 238 passengers that used TBSS at Incheon International Airport (ICN). Characteristics in the categories of functionality, enjoyment, safety, and speed had positive effects on passenger satisfaction, and passenger satisfaction had a positive effect on airport image and behavioral intention. Findings - No significant difference between the higher and lower self-efficacy groups was found in the relationship between TBSS characteristics and passenger satisfaction. The results suggest that airports employ marketing strategies that emphasize the TBSS characteristics of functionality, enjoyment, safety, and speed, particularly aspects of personal safety, including sanitation and hygiene. Research Implications - The study shows that the industry should emphasize the value of TBSS in ensuring personal safety. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for further research on service quality as it relates to the changing characteristics of TBSS in the post-pandemic era.
{"title":"The Effects of Extended Technology-based Self-service on Passenger Satisfaction, Airport Image, and Behavioral Intention","authors":"Su-Yeon Lee, Y. Kim","doi":"10.20294/jgbt.2022.18.5.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20294/jgbt.2022.18.5.59","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose - This study examines the effects of Technology-Based Self-Service (TBSS) on passenger satisfaction, behavioral intention, and airport image, and analyzes the moderating effect of self-efficacy on the relationship between TBSS characteristics and passenger satisfaction. \u0000Design/Methodology/Approach - The study uses the SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 26.0 statistical packages to analyze a sample of 238 passengers that used TBSS at Incheon International Airport (ICN). Characteristics in the categories of functionality, enjoyment, safety, and speed had positive effects on passenger satisfaction, and passenger satisfaction had a positive effect on airport image and behavioral intention. \u0000Findings - No significant difference between the higher and lower self-efficacy groups was found in the relationship between TBSS characteristics and passenger satisfaction. The results suggest that airports employ marketing strategies that emphasize the TBSS characteristics of functionality, enjoyment, safety, and speed, particularly aspects of personal safety, including sanitation and hygiene. \u0000Research Implications - The study shows that the industry should emphasize the value of TBSS in ensuring personal safety. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for further research on service quality as it relates to the changing characteristics of TBSS in the post-pandemic era.","PeriodicalId":190222,"journal":{"name":"International Academy of Global Business and Trade","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133650995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.20294/jgbt.2022.18.5.117
I. Yang
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate equilibrium pairs of modes of government intervention in an international differentiated duopoly with process R&D investment under uncertainty. Governments in each of the two countries choose direct R&D investment and quantity controls, or R&D subsidies to shift profits towards domestic firms. Design/Methodology/Approach - For the analysis, we extend the model of Haaland and Kind (2008) to that with uncertainty and consider direct R&D investment and quantity controls besides R&D subsidies. Firms in each of the two countries produce differentiated products and governments in each compete via direct R&D investment and quantity controls, or R&D subsidies in a third-country market. In environments with low, high, and intermediate uncertainty, equilibrium pairs of modes of government intervention are examined. Findings - It is shown that (i) in an environment with low uncertainty, direct R&D investment and quantity controls by each government is a unique equilibrium if the goods are substitutes and not too close, and R&D subsidies by each government is a unique equilibrium if the goods are complements and not too close; (ii) in an environment with high uncertainty, R&D subsidies by each government is a unique equilibrium regardless of the nature of the goods, except in the cases of too close substitutes and complements; and (iii) in an environment with intermediate uncertainty, R&D subsidies by each government is a unique equilibrium if the goods are complements and not too close. Moreover, in an environment with intermediate uncertainty, there are two symmetric equilibria if the goods are substitutes and not too close and there are two asymmetric equilibria if the goods are substitutes and very close. Research Implications - By analyzing the effects of direct R&D investment and quantity controls, and R&D subsidies in international markets under uncertainty, we can expect which government intervention appears in equilibrium.
目的:研究不确定条件下具有过程研发投资的国际差异化双寡头垄断中政府干预模式的均衡对。两国政府都选择直接研发投资和数量控制，或者研发补贴来将利润转移给国内企业。设计/方法论/方法——为了进行分析，我们将Haaland and Kind(2008)的模型扩展到不确定性的模型，并考虑了研发补贴之外的直接研发投资和数量控制。两国企业生产差异化产品，两国政府通过直接研发投资、数量控制或研发补贴在第三国市场进行竞争。在具有低、高和中等不确定性的环境中，研究了政府干预模式的平衡对。研究结果表明:(1)在低不确定性环境下，当产品是替代品且不太接近时，各国政府的直接研发投入和数量控制是唯一均衡;当产品是互补且不太接近时，各国政府的研发补贴是唯一均衡;(2)在高不确定性环境下，除了替代品和互补关系过于密切的情况外，无论产品性质如何，各国政府的研发补贴都是唯一均衡;(3)在中等不确定性环境下，如果产品是互补且不太接近，各国政府的研发补贴是唯一均衡。此外，在具有中等不确定性的环境中，如果商品是替代品且不太接近，则存在两个对称均衡;如果商品是替代品且非常接近，则存在两个不对称均衡。研究启示——通过分析不确定条件下国际市场上研发直接投资、数量控制和研发补贴的影响，可以预测哪一种政府干预出现在均衡状态。
{"title":"The Choice of Trade Policy in an International Differentiated Duopoly with Process R&D Investment under Uncertainty","authors":"I. Yang","doi":"10.20294/jgbt.2022.18.5.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20294/jgbt.2022.18.5.117","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate equilibrium pairs of modes of government intervention in an international differentiated duopoly with process R&D investment under uncertainty. Governments in each of the two countries choose direct R&D investment and quantity controls, or R&D subsidies to shift profits towards domestic firms. \u0000Design/Methodology/Approach - For the analysis, we extend the model of Haaland and Kind (2008) to that with uncertainty and consider direct R&D investment and quantity controls besides R&D subsidies. Firms in each of the two countries produce differentiated products and governments in each compete via direct R&D investment and quantity controls, or R&D subsidies in a third-country market. In environments with low, high, and intermediate uncertainty, equilibrium pairs of modes of government intervention are examined. \u0000Findings - It is shown that (i) in an environment with low uncertainty, direct R&D investment and quantity controls by each government is a unique equilibrium if the goods are substitutes and not too close, and R&D subsidies by each government is a unique equilibrium if the goods are complements and not too close; (ii) in an environment with high uncertainty, R&D subsidies by each government is a unique equilibrium regardless of the nature of the goods, except in the cases of too close substitutes and complements; and (iii) in an environment with intermediate uncertainty, R&D subsidies by each government is a unique equilibrium if the goods are complements and not too close. Moreover, in an environment with intermediate uncertainty, there are two symmetric equilibria if the goods are substitutes and not too close and there are two asymmetric equilibria if the goods are substitutes and very close. \u0000Research Implications - By analyzing the effects of direct R&D investment and quantity controls, and R&D subsidies in international markets under uncertainty, we can expect which government intervention appears in equilibrium.","PeriodicalId":190222,"journal":{"name":"International Academy of Global Business and Trade","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129574344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.20294/jgbt.2022.18.5.1
C. Wu, Shanyue Jin
Purpose - A crucial technology of the information society, blockchain technology has been introduced to more and more companies because blockchain technology can improve operation efficiency. This study aims to find how to apply blockchain technology to improve the quality of accounting information, so as to help investors better understand the company. Design/Methodology/Approach - This study conducts a fixed-effect regression analysis on the data of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2010 to 2019 to examine whether blockchain technology impacts the quality of accounting information. Findings - The empirical results show that investment in blockchain technology indeed positively affects the quality of enterprise accounting information. Furthermore, we found that the greater the attention of analysts, the higher the degree to which blockchain technology improves the quality of accounting information. Also, when the company has a stronger innovation ability, there is a higher degree to which blockchain technology improves the quality of accounting information. Research Implications - This study enriches the relevant research of the impact of blockchain technology on enterprise accounting information quality. It suggests that companies devoted to blockchain technology can promote trust between all parties and improve information transparency. Meanwhile, companies should increase R&D investment so that blockchain can effectively improve the quality of accounting information.
{"title":"Does Blockchain Technology Promote the Quality of Enterprise Accounting Information?","authors":"C. Wu, Shanyue Jin","doi":"10.20294/jgbt.2022.18.5.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20294/jgbt.2022.18.5.1","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose - A crucial technology of the information society, blockchain technology has been introduced to more and more companies because blockchain technology can improve operation efficiency. This study aims to find how to apply blockchain technology to improve the quality of accounting information, so as to help investors better understand the company. \u0000Design/Methodology/Approach - This study conducts a fixed-effect regression analysis on the data of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2010 to 2019 to examine whether blockchain technology impacts the quality of accounting information. \u0000Findings - The empirical results show that investment in blockchain technology indeed positively affects the quality of enterprise accounting information. Furthermore, we found that the greater the attention of analysts, the higher the degree to which blockchain technology improves the quality of accounting information. Also, when the company has a stronger innovation ability, there is a higher degree to which blockchain technology improves the quality of accounting information. \u0000Research Implications - This study enriches the relevant research of the impact of blockchain technology on enterprise accounting information quality. It suggests that companies devoted to blockchain technology can promote trust between all parties and improve information transparency. Meanwhile, companies should increase R&D investment so that blockchain can effectively improve the quality of accounting information.","PeriodicalId":190222,"journal":{"name":"International Academy of Global Business and Trade","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126583883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.20294/jgbt.2022.18.5.77
A. Stephens, C. Robb, Minhyoung Kang
Purpose - Supply chain disruptions have plagued firms since the advent of COVID-19 lockdowns. As a result, supply chains remain unstable and dynamic. To better understand supply chain management during periods of disruption, this study compares the impact of relational capital on ambidextrous innovation and firm performance between Korean and U.S firms. Design/Methodology/Approach - This study includes a sample of 200 Korean firms and 227 U.S firms. PLS-SEM is the statistical tool utilized with MICOM multigroup analysis. Findings - Korean and U.S. firms were found to be different on three different pathways indicating that open innovation and investment in supplier relations improve supply chain disruption orientation, exploration innovation, and firm performance Research Implications - Relationship capital can significantly improve supply chain management, innovation, and firm performance. Exploitation innovation is better for enhancing supply chain management in the short-term amid interruptions.
{"title":"A Comparative Study of Korean and U.S. Firms amid COVID-19 Supply Chain Disruptions: The Role of Relational Capital for Improving Ambidextrous Innovation and Firm Performance","authors":"A. Stephens, C. Robb, Minhyoung Kang","doi":"10.20294/jgbt.2022.18.5.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20294/jgbt.2022.18.5.77","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose - Supply chain disruptions have plagued firms since the advent of COVID-19 lockdowns. As a result, supply chains remain unstable and dynamic. To better understand supply chain management during periods of disruption, this study compares the impact of relational capital on ambidextrous innovation and firm performance between Korean and U.S firms. \u0000Design/Methodology/Approach - This study includes a sample of 200 Korean firms and 227 U.S firms. PLS-SEM is the statistical tool utilized with MICOM multigroup analysis. \u0000Findings - Korean and U.S. firms were found to be different on three different pathways indicating that open innovation and investment in supplier relations improve supply chain disruption orientation, exploration innovation, and firm performance \u0000Research Implications - Relationship capital can significantly improve supply chain management, innovation, and firm performance. Exploitation innovation is better for enhancing supply chain management in the short-term amid interruptions.","PeriodicalId":190222,"journal":{"name":"International Academy of Global Business and Trade","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126965461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.20294/jgbt.2022.18.5.101
Seok-Young Lee
Purpose - The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of logistics efficiency in RCEP signatory countries on Korea’s trade. In particular, after analyzing the effects of individual indicators of the logistics performance index (LPI) on trade, policy implications are drawn based on the results. Design/Methodology/Approach - In order to analyze the effect of logistics efficiency in RCEP countries on Korea’s trade, the independent variables of the gravity model included GDP, population, distance, and LPI. For detailed analysis, in addition to the LPI, the individual indicators of LPI are input to the independent variable for analysis. This study adopts varying coefficient models, the random effects model and fixed effects model, in order to more effectively analyze unobservable factors in the panel data. Findings - The empirical evidence using the gravity model showed that the coefficient of LPI was about 1.7 and statistically significant at the 1% level of significance. In other words, if the logistics efficiency of the RCEP signatory country increases by 1%, when other variables are constant, Korea’s trade volume increases by about 1.7%. As a result of analyzing the effect of LPI’s individual indicators on trade, it was found that the five individual indicators of logistics infrastructure, international shipment, logistics service, timeliness, and goods tracking affect trade. On the other hand, the clearance index was not statistically significant at any significance level. Research Implications - It was confirmed that the logistics efficiency of RCEP signatory countries is important for Korea’s trade facilitation. In other words, if not only Korea’s logistics efficiency but also the logistics efficiency of the RCEP signatory countries are improved, the facilitation of trade between the two countries can be achieved. To this end, it is necessary to reduce the logistics cost through the establishment of the logistics infrastructure, and it is also necessary to make efforts to increase logistics efficiency.
{"title":"Analysis on the Effects of Logistics Efficiency on Korea’s Trade Flows in RCEP Signatories","authors":"Seok-Young Lee","doi":"10.20294/jgbt.2022.18.5.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20294/jgbt.2022.18.5.101","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose - The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of logistics efficiency in RCEP signatory countries on Korea’s trade. In particular, after analyzing the effects of individual indicators of the logistics performance index (LPI) on trade, policy implications are drawn based on the results. \u0000Design/Methodology/Approach - In order to analyze the effect of logistics efficiency in RCEP countries on Korea’s trade, the independent variables of the gravity model included GDP, population, distance, and LPI. For detailed analysis, in addition to the LPI, the individual indicators of LPI are input to the independent variable for analysis. This study adopts varying coefficient models, the random effects model and fixed effects model, in order to more effectively analyze unobservable factors in the panel data. \u0000Findings - The empirical evidence using the gravity model showed that the coefficient of LPI was about 1.7 and statistically significant at the 1% level of significance. In other words, if the logistics efficiency of the RCEP signatory country increases by 1%, when other variables are constant, Korea’s trade volume increases by about 1.7%. As a result of analyzing the effect of LPI’s individual indicators on trade, it was found that the five individual indicators of logistics infrastructure, international shipment, logistics service, timeliness, and goods tracking affect trade. On the other hand, the clearance index was not statistically significant at any significance level. \u0000Research Implications - It was confirmed that the logistics efficiency of RCEP signatory countries is important for Korea’s trade facilitation. In other words, if not only Korea’s logistics efficiency but also the logistics efficiency of the RCEP signatory countries are improved, the facilitation of trade between the two countries can be achieved. To this end, it is necessary to reduce the logistics cost through the establishment of the logistics infrastructure, and it is also necessary to make efforts to increase logistics efficiency.","PeriodicalId":190222,"journal":{"name":"International Academy of Global Business and Trade","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125014597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.20294/jgbt.2022.18.4.169
Mana Patchimnan, Banthoon Phankaew, C. Inson
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to gain more understanding of cricket food consumer behaviors and the effects of the marketing communication campaign toward purchasing. Design/Methodology/Approach – This study is based on the relationship among four variables, integrated marketing communication (IMC) exposure, consumer attitude, decision-making process, and purchasing behavior, toward cricket food products in Thailand by applying the Kotler’s Black Box Model. Questionnaires were distributed online via email and the Line chat application, and were completed by 401 Thai people, aged 18 to 65, who had either eaten or not eaten cricket food prior. Findings – This study indicates the relationship between IMC exposure and attitude toward cricket food products., the attitude and decision-making process, decision-making process and purchasing behavior, and IMC exposure and purchasing behavior. Research Implications – In management, this study implies type of consumer and how to plan marketing communication strategies for future food entrepreneurs and marketers.
{"title":"Integrated Marketing Communication Exposure, Attitude, Decision-Making Process and Purchasing Behavior","authors":"Mana Patchimnan, Banthoon Phankaew, C. Inson","doi":"10.20294/jgbt.2022.18.4.169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20294/jgbt.2022.18.4.169","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to gain more understanding of cricket food consumer behaviors and the effects of the marketing communication campaign toward purchasing. \u0000Design/Methodology/Approach – This study is based on the relationship among four variables, integrated marketing communication (IMC) exposure, consumer attitude, decision-making process, and purchasing behavior, toward cricket food products in Thailand by applying the Kotler’s Black Box Model. Questionnaires were distributed online via email and the Line chat application, and were completed by 401 Thai people, aged 18 to 65, who had either eaten or not eaten cricket food prior. \u0000Findings – This study indicates the relationship between IMC exposure and attitude toward cricket food products., the attitude and decision-making process, decision-making process and purchasing behavior, and IMC exposure and purchasing behavior. \u0000Research Implications – In management, this study implies type of consumer and how to plan marketing communication strategies for future food entrepreneurs and marketers.","PeriodicalId":190222,"journal":{"name":"International Academy of Global Business and Trade","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125188091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.20294/jgbt.2022.18.4.33
Junghwan Cho, Seung-Hwan Yoon
Purpose – This study aims to analyze the effect of Korea's Services Trade Restrictiveness Index (STRI) and STRI Heterogeneity Index (HG) on Korea’s services trade. Design/Methodology/Approach – Using the Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML) model, this study analyzes the impact of STRI and STRI HG provided by the OECD for 26 countries on Korea’s services trade (imports). The reason for using PPML is that first, a consistent estimator can be obtained regardless of the error term’s distribution. Second, if there is net-zero services trade in the data, sample selection bias can occur as the zero-trade data is excluded from the analysis when using ordinary least squares (OLS). Findings – After converting the STRI and the STRI HG into a single index through principal component analysis (PCA), results show that the STRI is not statistically significant, but the STRI HG shows a statistically significant negative (-) sign in all analysis models. This means that the greater the STRI HG with Korea's trading partners, the more negative the impact on services trade, which implies that even if the level of services restrictiveness is low, services trade volume will reduce as regulatory coherence with trading partners decreases. Research Implications – Whereas previous studies primarily focused on major advanced countries such as OECD nations or specific service industries, this study analyzes the impact of the services trade restrictiveness on services trade for Korea and each services sector. In addition, existing studies perform cross-sectional analyses due to data availability, whereas this study reflects changes in services restrictiveness levels over time by constructing panel data for 2014–2019.
{"title":"The Regulatory Impact on Services Trade in Korea","authors":"Junghwan Cho, Seung-Hwan Yoon","doi":"10.20294/jgbt.2022.18.4.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20294/jgbt.2022.18.4.33","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – This study aims to analyze the effect of Korea's Services Trade Restrictiveness Index (STRI) and STRI Heterogeneity Index (HG) on Korea’s services trade. \u0000Design/Methodology/Approach – Using the Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML) model, this study analyzes the impact of STRI and STRI HG provided by the OECD for 26 countries on Korea’s services trade (imports). The reason for using PPML is that first, a consistent estimator can be obtained regardless of the error term’s distribution. Second, if there is net-zero services trade in the data, sample selection bias can occur as the zero-trade data is excluded from the analysis when using ordinary least squares (OLS). \u0000Findings – After converting the STRI and the STRI HG into a single index through principal component analysis (PCA), results show that the STRI is not statistically significant, but the STRI HG shows a statistically significant negative (-) sign in all analysis models. This means that the greater the STRI HG with Korea's trading partners, the more negative the impact on services trade, which implies that even if the level of services restrictiveness is low, services trade volume will reduce as regulatory coherence with trading partners decreases. \u0000Research Implications – Whereas previous studies primarily focused on major advanced countries such as OECD nations or specific service industries, this study analyzes the impact of the services trade restrictiveness on services trade for Korea and each services sector. In addition, existing studies perform cross-sectional analyses due to data availability, whereas this study reflects changes in services restrictiveness levels over time by constructing panel data for 2014–2019.","PeriodicalId":190222,"journal":{"name":"International Academy of Global Business and Trade","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128526306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.20294/jgbt.2022.18.4.123
Jong-Wook Kim, Mi-Kyeong Lee, Jong-keon Lee
Purpose – The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of optimism on emotional exhaustion and psychological well-being of entrepreneurs, and the impact of mindfulness on emotional exhaustion and psychological well-being of entrepreneurs and analyzed the mediating effects of emotional exhaustion on relationships between these variables. Design/Methodology/Approach – Data were collected through a questionnaire for 156 CEOs of start-up companies doing business in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do to examine the relationship between research variables. Findings – The findings of this study are as follows. First, mindfulness has been shown to have positive effects on emotional exhaustion, autonomy, environmental mastery, and purpose in life. Second, optimism has been shown to have a partly positive effect on psychological well-being. Third, mindfulness has been shown to have positive effects on psychological well-being. Fourth, emotional exhaustion has been shown to have negative effects on autonomy, environmental mastery, and purpose in life. Fifth, emotional exhaustion has been shown to meditate the relationship between mindfulness and psychological well-being. Research Implications – Results of this study suggested theoretical implications as follows. First, this study has theoretical significance in that empirical analysis found that optimism raises the level of environmental mastery and purpose in life. Second, the findings are theoretical in that empirical analysis revealed that the emotional exhaustion of entrepreneurs had a negative impact on autonomy, environmental mastery, and purpose in life. Finally, the findings are theoretical in that they suggest that emotional exhaustion is an important variable that mediates the relationship between mindfulness and psychological well-being. Results of this study suggested practical implications as follows. First, the results of this study suggest practical implications that it is important to devise a plan to increase the level of mindfulness of entrepreneurs. Second, the results of this study suggest practical implications that it is important for entrepreneurs to make efforts to increase the level of optimism. Finally, the results of this study suggest practical implications that various interests should be paid to prevent entrepreneurs from burning out emotionally.
{"title":"The Effects of Entrepreneurs’ Optimism and Mindfulness on Psychological Well-Being","authors":"Jong-Wook Kim, Mi-Kyeong Lee, Jong-keon Lee","doi":"10.20294/jgbt.2022.18.4.123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20294/jgbt.2022.18.4.123","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of optimism on emotional exhaustion and psychological well-being of entrepreneurs, and the impact of mindfulness on emotional exhaustion and psychological well-being of entrepreneurs and analyzed the mediating effects of emotional exhaustion on relationships between these variables. \u0000Design/Methodology/Approach – Data were collected through a questionnaire for 156 CEOs of start-up companies doing business in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do to examine the relationship between research variables. \u0000Findings – The findings of this study are as follows. First, mindfulness has been shown to have positive effects on emotional exhaustion, autonomy, environmental mastery, and purpose in life. Second, optimism has been shown to have a partly positive effect on psychological well-being. Third, mindfulness has been shown to have positive effects on psychological well-being. Fourth, emotional exhaustion has been shown to have negative effects on autonomy, environmental mastery, and purpose in life. Fifth, emotional exhaustion has been shown to meditate the relationship between mindfulness and psychological well-being. \u0000Research Implications – Results of this study suggested theoretical implications as follows. First, this study has theoretical significance in that empirical analysis found that optimism raises the level of environmental mastery and purpose in life. Second, the findings are theoretical in that empirical analysis revealed that the emotional exhaustion of entrepreneurs had a negative impact on autonomy, environmental mastery, and purpose in life. Finally, the findings are theoretical in that they suggest that emotional exhaustion is an important variable that mediates the relationship between mindfulness and psychological well-being. \u0000Results of this study suggested practical implications as follows. First, the results of this study suggest practical implications that it is important to devise a plan to increase the level of mindfulness of entrepreneurs. Second, the results of this study suggest practical implications that it is important for entrepreneurs to make efforts to increase the level of optimism. Finally, the results of this study suggest practical implications that various interests should be paid to prevent entrepreneurs from burning out emotionally.","PeriodicalId":190222,"journal":{"name":"International Academy of Global Business and Trade","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129023142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.20294/jgbt.2022.18.4.1
Eunkyung Ko, Sokchea Kim
Purpose – The purpose of this study is to analyze how the behavioral characteristics of Korean individual investors affect investment performance. Design/Methodology/Approach – Through the survey method, we tried to examine the behavioral bias characteristics and behavioral bias investment decisions on performance during the COVID-19 period. Multiple regression and SPSS PROCESS were used to find the effect of the behavioral characteristics and behavioral decisions on performance with financial literacy as the moderator. Findings – As a result of multiple regression analysis, it was found that among the biased investment characteristics, overconfidence and mental accounting statistically affect investment results. In the analysis through the SPSS PROCESS model, the level of financial literacy was found to be significant as a moderating variable, and it was also found that biased investment decision plays a role as a mediating parameter in investment performance. Research Implications – This study is meaningful in providing insight into the behavioral investment characteristics of individual investors by presenting an empirical analysis of the behaviorally biased characteristics and behaviorally biased investment decisions of individual investors on investment performance in Korea.
{"title":"The Effect of the Behavioral Biases of Korean Invertors on Performance with Financial Literacy as a Moderator","authors":"Eunkyung Ko, Sokchea Kim","doi":"10.20294/jgbt.2022.18.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20294/jgbt.2022.18.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – The purpose of this study is to analyze how the behavioral characteristics of Korean individual investors affect investment performance. \u0000Design/Methodology/Approach – Through the survey method, we tried to examine the behavioral bias characteristics and behavioral bias investment decisions on performance during the COVID-19 period. Multiple regression and SPSS PROCESS were used to find the effect of the behavioral characteristics and behavioral decisions on performance with financial literacy as the moderator. \u0000Findings – As a result of multiple regression analysis, it was found that among the biased investment characteristics, overconfidence and mental accounting statistically affect investment results. In the analysis through the SPSS PROCESS model, the level of financial literacy was found to be significant as a moderating variable, and it was also found that biased investment decision plays a role as a mediating parameter in investment performance. \u0000Research Implications – This study is meaningful in providing insight into the behavioral investment characteristics of individual investors by presenting an empirical analysis of the behaviorally biased characteristics and behaviorally biased investment decisions of individual investors on investment performance in Korea.","PeriodicalId":190222,"journal":{"name":"International Academy of Global Business and Trade","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132695219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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