Pub Date : 2025-02-19DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0677
Changhong Dai, Tong Liu, Dongyi Wang, Lei Zhou
Holography is a highly desired technology in modern photonics, yet setups for traditional generating methods suffer from complexity and bulky sizes. While metasurface-based holography exhibits advantages of compactness and easy-fabrication, most meta-holograms realized so far exhibit only single functionality, with a few multifunctional ones suffering from imbalances of efficiency and device-thickness. Here, we propose a generic approach to design ultra-thin metasurfaces for realization of multiple holographic images with high efficiencies, and experimentally verify the concept in the telecom regime. We first design a series of high-efficiency reflective meta-atoms exhibiting incident-spin-delinked reflection phases governed by geometric and resonant mechanisms, and experimentally characterize their optical properties at wavelengths around 1,064 nm. We next experimentally demonstrate a single-functional meta-hologram as a benchmark test. Finally, we employ the designed meta-atoms to construct a metasurface with the thickness ∼1/4λ, and experimentally demonstrate its capability of generating two distinct holographic images under illuminations of circularly polarized light beams with different helicities, possessing generation efficiencies ∼48.08 %. Our work provides a highly-efficient and ultra-compact platform to generate multifunctional holographic images, which may inspire numerous applications in integration optics.
{"title":"High-efficiency generation of bi-functional holography with metasurfaces","authors":"Changhong Dai, Tong Liu, Dongyi Wang, Lei Zhou","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0677","url":null,"abstract":"Holography is a highly desired technology in modern photonics, yet setups for traditional generating methods suffer from complexity and bulky sizes. While metasurface-based holography exhibits advantages of compactness and easy-fabrication, most meta-holograms realized so far exhibit only single functionality, with a few multifunctional ones suffering from imbalances of efficiency and device-thickness. Here, we propose a generic approach to design <jats:italic>ultra-thin</jats:italic> metasurfaces for realization of multiple holographic images with <jats:italic>high efficiencies</jats:italic>, and experimentally verify the concept in the telecom regime. We first design a series of high-efficiency reflective meta-atoms exhibiting incident-spin-delinked reflection phases governed by geometric and resonant mechanisms, and experimentally characterize their optical properties at wavelengths around 1,064 nm. We next experimentally demonstrate a single-functional meta-hologram as a benchmark test. Finally, we employ the designed meta-atoms to construct a metasurface with the thickness ∼1/4<jats:italic>λ</jats:italic>, and experimentally demonstrate its capability of generating two distinct holographic images under illuminations of circularly polarized light beams with different helicities, possessing generation efficiencies ∼48.08 %. Our work provides a highly-efficient and ultra-compact platform to generate multifunctional holographic images, which may inspire numerous applications in integration optics.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143451510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-19DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0640
Alberto Muñoz de las Heras, Diego Porras, Alejandro González-Tudela
Photonic quantum metrology enables the measurement of physical parameters with precision surpassing classical limits by using quantum states of light. However, generating states providing a large metrological advantage is hard because standard probabilistic methods suffer from low generation rates. Deterministic protocols using non-linear interactions offer a path to overcome this problem, but they are currently limited by the errors introduced during the interaction time. Thus, finding strategies to minimize the interaction time of these non-linearities is still a relevant question. In this work, we introduce and compare different deterministic strategies based on continuous and programmable Jaynes–Cummings and Kerr-type interactions, aiming to maximize the metrological advantage while minimizing the interaction time. We find that programmable interactions provide a larger metrological advantage than continuous operations at the expense of slightly larger interaction times. We show that while for Jaynes–Cummings non-linearities the interaction time grows with the photon number, for Kerr-type ones it decreases, favoring the scalability to big photon numbers. Finally, we also optimize different measurement strategies for the deterministically generated states based on photon-counting and homodyne detection.
{"title":"Improving quantum metrology protocols with programmable photonic circuits","authors":"Alberto Muñoz de las Heras, Diego Porras, Alejandro González-Tudela","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0640","url":null,"abstract":"Photonic quantum metrology enables the measurement of physical parameters with precision surpassing classical limits by using quantum states of light. However, generating states providing a large metrological advantage is hard because standard probabilistic methods suffer from low generation rates. Deterministic protocols using non-linear interactions offer a path to overcome this problem, but they are currently limited by the errors introduced during the interaction time. Thus, finding strategies to minimize the interaction time of these non-linearities is still a relevant question. In this work, we introduce and compare different deterministic strategies based on continuous and programmable Jaynes–Cummings and Kerr-type interactions, aiming to maximize the metrological advantage while minimizing the interaction time. We find that programmable interactions provide a larger metrological advantage than continuous operations at the expense of slightly larger interaction times. We show that while for Jaynes–Cummings non-linearities the interaction time grows with the photon number, for Kerr-type ones it decreases, favoring the scalability to big photon numbers. Finally, we also optimize different measurement strategies for the deterministically generated states based on photon-counting and homodyne detection.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"205 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143451511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-18DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0678
Kilian Sandholzer, Stephan Rinner, Justus Edelmann, Andreas Reiserer
The reliable measurement and accurate control of the temperature within nanophotonic devices is a key prerequisite for their application in both classical and quantum technologies. Established approaches use sensors that are attached in proximity to the components, which only offers a limited spatial resolution and thus impedes the measurement of local heating effects. Here, we, therefore, study an alternative temperature sensing technique that is based on measuring the luminescence of erbium emitters directly integrated into nanophotonic silicon waveguides. To cover the entire temperature range from 295 K to 2 K, we investigate two different approaches: The thermal activation of nonradiative decay channels for temperatures above 200 K and the thermal depopulation of spin and crystal field levels at lower temperatures. The achieved sensitivity is 0.22(4) %/K at room temperature and increases up to 420(50) %/K at approximately 2 K. Within a few-minute measurement interval, we thus achieve a measurement precision that ranges from 0.04(1) K at the lowest studied temperature to 6(1) K at ambient conditions. In the future, the measurement time can be further reduced by optimizing the excitation pulse sequence and the fiber-to-chip coupling efficiency. Combining this with spatially selective implantation promises precise thermometry from ambient to cryogenic temperatures with a spatial resolution down to a few nanometers.
可靠测量和精确控制纳米光子器件内的温度是将其应用于经典和量子技术的关键先决条件。既有方法使用的传感器紧贴元件，只能提供有限的空间分辨率，因此妨碍了对局部加热效应的测量。因此，我们在此研究了另一种温度传感技术，该技术基于测量直接集成到纳米光子硅波导中的铒发射器的发光。为了覆盖从 295 K 到 2 K 的整个温度范围，我们研究了两种不同的方法：在 200 K 以上的温度下，对非辐射衰变通道进行热激活；在较低温度下，对自旋和晶体场水平进行热消除。在几分钟的测量间隔内，我们实现了从最低研究温度下的 0.04(1) K 到环境条件下的 6(1) K 的测量精度。未来，通过优化激发脉冲序列和光纤到芯片的耦合效率，测量时间还可以进一步缩短。结合空间选择性植入技术，有望实现从环境温度到低温温度的精确测温，空间分辨率可低至几纳米。
{"title":"Luminescence thermometry based on photon emitters in nanophotonic silicon waveguides","authors":"Kilian Sandholzer, Stephan Rinner, Justus Edelmann, Andreas Reiserer","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0678","url":null,"abstract":"The reliable measurement and accurate control of the temperature within nanophotonic devices is a key prerequisite for their application in both classical and quantum technologies. Established approaches use sensors that are attached in proximity to the components, which only offers a limited spatial resolution and thus impedes the measurement of local heating effects. Here, we, therefore, study an alternative temperature sensing technique that is based on measuring the luminescence of erbium emitters directly integrated into nanophotonic silicon waveguides. To cover the entire temperature range from 295 K to 2 K, we investigate two different approaches: The thermal activation of nonradiative decay channels for temperatures above 200 K and the thermal depopulation of spin and crystal field levels at lower temperatures. The achieved sensitivity is 0.22(4) %/K at room temperature and increases up to 420(50) %/K at approximately 2 K. Within a few-minute measurement interval, we thus achieve a measurement precision that ranges from 0.04(1) K at the lowest studied temperature to 6(1) K at ambient conditions. In the future, the measurement time can be further reduced by optimizing the excitation pulse sequence and the fiber-to-chip coupling efficiency. Combining this with spatially selective implantation promises precise thermometry from ambient to cryogenic temperatures with a spatial resolution down to a few nanometers.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143434992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-15DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0623
DongJun Kang, Eun Su Jeon, SeokJae Yoo
Complex power, also known as alternating current (AC) power, is a well-established concept in an electric circuit composed of resistive and reactive elements. On the other hand, the role of complex power in optics has been elusive. In this work, we reveal that the complex energy and momentum determine the resonance frequency and the decay rate of open cavity resonance, the so-called quasinormal modes (QNMs), respectively. We also demonstrate the role of the complex energy and momentum in typical open cavities analytically and numerically: the Fabry–Perot cavity, the surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), the plasmonic nanorod, the nanosphere, and the dielectric supercavity.
{"title":"Role of complex energy and momentum in open cavity resonances","authors":"DongJun Kang, Eun Su Jeon, SeokJae Yoo","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0623","url":null,"abstract":"Complex power, also known as alternating current (AC) power, is a well-established concept in an electric circuit composed of resistive and reactive elements. On the other hand, the role of complex power in optics has been elusive. In this work, we reveal that the complex energy and momentum determine the resonance frequency and the decay rate of open cavity resonance, the so-called quasinormal modes (QNMs), respectively. We also demonstrate the role of the complex energy and momentum in typical open cavities analytically and numerically: the Fabry–Perot cavity, the surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), the plasmonic nanorod, the nanosphere, and the dielectric supercavity.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143417732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-15DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0643
Sehyeon Kim, San Kim, Jae-Young Kim, Tae-In Jeong, Munki Song, Seungchul Kim
Photodetectors are crucial for modern technologies such as optical communications, imaging, autonomous vehicles, and machine vision. However, conventional semiconductor-based photodetectors require additional filtering systems due to their broad spectral response, leading to increased costs and complexity. Here, we present a narrow spectral response photodetector using hexagonally arranged plasmonic Au nanohole structures, eliminating the need for optical filters. The device achieves a full-width at half maximum (FWHM) bandwidth of ∼40 nm with a response peak at 760 nm and a linear photocurrent responsivity of 0.95 μA/W. The photothermoelectric effect, induced by the nonradiative decay of plasmonic resonance, converts optical radiation into an electric potential on the Au surface. The hexagonal nanohole design generates polarization-independent photocurrents and allows spectral tuning beyond the cutoff region of silicon photodetectors. This versatile approach enables customizable response characteristics across a broad wavelength range through geometric design, enhancing its potential for diverse applications.
{"title":"Polarization-independent narrowband photodetection with plasmon-induced thermoelectric effect in a hexagonal array of Au nanoholes","authors":"Sehyeon Kim, San Kim, Jae-Young Kim, Tae-In Jeong, Munki Song, Seungchul Kim","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0643","url":null,"abstract":"Photodetectors are crucial for modern technologies such as optical communications, imaging, autonomous vehicles, and machine vision. However, conventional semiconductor-based photodetectors require additional filtering systems due to their broad spectral response, leading to increased costs and complexity. Here, we present a narrow spectral response photodetector using hexagonally arranged plasmonic Au nanohole structures, eliminating the need for optical filters. The device achieves a full-width at half maximum (FWHM) bandwidth of ∼40 nm with a response peak at 760 nm and a linear photocurrent responsivity of 0.95 μA/W. The photothermoelectric effect, induced by the nonradiative decay of plasmonic resonance, converts optical radiation into an electric potential on the Au surface. The hexagonal nanohole design generates polarization-independent photocurrents and allows spectral tuning beyond the cutoff region of silicon photodetectors. This versatile approach enables customizable response characteristics across a broad wavelength range through geometric design, enhancing its potential for diverse applications.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143417731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-15DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0734
Akeshi Aththanayake, Andrew Lininger, Cataldo Strangi, Mark A. Griswold, Giuseppe Strangi
Augmented and virtual reality (AR/VR) is transforming how humans interact with technology in a wide range of fields and industries, from healthcare and education to entertainment. However, current device limitations have impeded wider integration. Tunable holographic metasurfaces represent a promising platform for revolutionizing AR/VR devices by precisely controlling light at the subwavelength scale. This article examines current challenges and opportunities from both the AR/VR and holographic metamaterial perspectives and explores how improvements to state-of-the-art approaches can address these challenges. In particular, we propose a focus on easily manufacturable and broadly electrically tunable metasurface technologies including liquid crystal integration and excitonic tuning in 2D materials. Advanced metasurface optimization techniques including machine learning will also be crucial for exploring the large design space.
{"title":"Tunable holographic metasurfaces for augmented and virtual reality","authors":"Akeshi Aththanayake, Andrew Lininger, Cataldo Strangi, Mark A. Griswold, Giuseppe Strangi","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0734","url":null,"abstract":"Augmented and virtual reality (AR/VR) is transforming how humans interact with technology in a wide range of fields and industries, from healthcare and education to entertainment. However, current device limitations have impeded wider integration. Tunable holographic metasurfaces represent a promising platform for revolutionizing AR/VR devices by precisely controlling light at the subwavelength scale. This article examines current challenges and opportunities from both the AR/VR and holographic metamaterial perspectives and explores how improvements to state-of-the-art approaches can address these challenges. In particular, we propose a focus on easily manufacturable and broadly electrically tunable metasurface technologies including liquid crystal integration and excitonic tuning in 2D materials. Advanced metasurface optimization techniques including machine learning will also be crucial for exploring the large design space.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143417727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plasmonic nanocavities with highly localized fields in their nanogaps significantly enhance light–matter interactions at the nanoscale, surpassing the diffraction limit. Strong coupling between a plasmonic nanocavity and a molecule forms hybrid upper and lower branch states, resulting in Rabi splitting (RS) in optical spectra. However, scattering and absorption spectra often fail to unambiguously distinguish whether the double peaks arise from energy transparency or RS. In contrast, photoluminescence (PL) clearly reveals the quantum state of a molecule coupled with a plasmon by filtering out background fields. This paper presents a theoretical framework based on nonlocal response theory to calculate the PL of a single molecule coupled with arbitrary metallic nanostructures. Our theory provides an analytical approach to design the spatial arrangement of metallic nanostructures and molecular orbitals and to calculate the PL in strongly coupled systems, addressing limitations in previous studies. Using this framework, we investigated a coupled system comprising a gold nanoplate dimer and a planar porphyrin tape. By modifying porphyrin units to modulate coupling strength, we explored the molecular quantum state coupled with the nanocavity through PL analysis. We elucidated the spectral features of absorption, excitation, and PL in weak and strong coupling regimes and evaluated the dependence of coupling strength on the molecular position and orientation within the nanogap. Our results demonstrate that the quantum state of a molecule in an optically forbidden transition can be excited by the highly localized field in the nanogap. This work advances the fundamental understanding of light–matter interactions at the nanoscale and provides a foundation for the development of future nanophotonic devices.
{"title":"Enhanced photoluminescence of strongly coupled single molecule-plasmonic nanocavity: analysis of spectral modifications using nonlocal response theory","authors":"Yoshitsugu Tomoshige, Mamoru Tamura, Tomohiro Yokoyama, Hajime Ishihara","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0580","url":null,"abstract":"Plasmonic nanocavities with highly localized fields in their nanogaps significantly enhance light–matter interactions at the nanoscale, surpassing the diffraction limit. Strong coupling between a plasmonic nanocavity and a molecule forms hybrid upper and lower branch states, resulting in Rabi splitting (RS) in optical spectra. However, scattering and absorption spectra often fail to unambiguously distinguish whether the double peaks arise from energy transparency or RS. In contrast, photoluminescence (PL) clearly reveals the quantum state of a molecule coupled with a plasmon by filtering out background fields. This paper presents a theoretical framework based on nonlocal response theory to calculate the PL of a single molecule coupled with arbitrary metallic nanostructures. Our theory provides an analytical approach to design the spatial arrangement of metallic nanostructures and molecular orbitals and to calculate the PL in strongly coupled systems, addressing limitations in previous studies. Using this framework, we investigated a coupled system comprising a gold nanoplate dimer and a planar porphyrin tape. By modifying porphyrin units to modulate coupling strength, we explored the molecular quantum state coupled with the nanocavity through PL analysis. We elucidated the spectral features of absorption, excitation, and PL in weak and strong coupling regimes and evaluated the dependence of coupling strength on the molecular position and orientation within the nanogap. Our results demonstrate that the quantum state of a molecule in an optically forbidden transition can be excited by the highly localized field in the nanogap. This work advances the fundamental understanding of light–matter interactions at the nanoscale and provides a foundation for the development of future nanophotonic devices.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143417728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-14DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0649
Animesh Datta
I present my perspective on sensing with quantum light. I summarise the motivations and methodology for identifying quantum enhancements in sensing over a classical sensor. In the real world, this enhancement will be a constant factor and not increase with the size of the quantum probe as is often advertised. I use a limited survey of interferometry, microscopy and spectroscopy to extract the vital challenges that must be faced to realise tangible enhancements in sensing with quantum light.
{"title":"Sensing with quantum light: a perspective","authors":"Animesh Datta","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0649","url":null,"abstract":"I present my perspective on sensing with quantum light. I summarise the motivations and methodology for identifying quantum enhancements in sensing over a classical sensor. In the real world, this enhancement will be a constant factor and not increase with the size of the quantum probe as is often advertised. I use a limited survey of interferometry, microscopy and spectroscopy to extract the vital challenges that must be faced to realise tangible enhancements in sensing with quantum light.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"1 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143417735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-14DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0635
Leonardo V. S. França, Shaan Doshi, Haitao Zhang, Tian Zhong
Charge-trapping defects in crystalline solids play important roles in applications ranging from microelectronics, optical storage, sensing and quantum technologies. On one hand, depleting trapped charges in the host matrix reduces charge noise and enhances coherence of solid-state quantum emitters. On the other hand, stable charge traps can enable high-density optical storage systems. Here we report all-optical control of charge-trapping defects via optical charge trapping (OCT) spectroscopy of a rare-earth ion doped oxide (Y2O3). Charge trapping is realized by low intensity optical excitation in the 200–375 nm range. Charge detrapping or depletion is carried out by optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) under 532 nm stimulation. Using a Pr-doped Y2O3 polycrystalline ceramic host matrix, we observe charging pathways via the inter-band optical absorption of Y2O3 and via the 4f-5d transitions of Pr3+. We demonstrate effective control of the density of trapped charges within the Y2O3 matrix at ambient environment. These results point to a viable method for controlling the local charge environment in rare-earth doped crystals via all-optical means, and pave the way for further development of efficient optical storage technologies with ultrahigh storage capacity, as well as for the localized control of quantum coherence in rare-earth doped solids.
{"title":"All-optical control of charge-trapping defects in rare-earth doped oxides","authors":"Leonardo V. S. França, Shaan Doshi, Haitao Zhang, Tian Zhong","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0635","url":null,"abstract":"Charge-trapping defects in crystalline solids play important roles in applications ranging from microelectronics, optical storage, sensing and quantum technologies. On one hand, depleting trapped charges in the host matrix reduces charge noise and enhances coherence of solid-state quantum emitters. On the other hand, stable charge traps can enable high-density optical storage systems. Here we report all-optical control of charge-trapping defects <jats:italic>via</jats:italic> optical charge trapping (OCT) spectroscopy of a rare-earth ion doped oxide (Y<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>). Charge trapping is realized by low intensity optical excitation in the 200–375 nm range. Charge detrapping or depletion is carried out by optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) under 532 nm stimulation. Using a Pr-doped Y<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> polycrystalline ceramic host matrix, we observe charging pathways <jats:italic>via</jats:italic> the inter-band optical absorption of Y<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> and <jats:italic>via</jats:italic> the 4f-5d transitions of Pr<jats:sup>3+</jats:sup>. We demonstrate effective control of the density of trapped charges within the Y<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> matrix at ambient environment. These results point to a viable method for controlling the local charge environment in rare-earth doped crystals <jats:italic>via</jats:italic> all-optical means, and pave the way for further development of efficient optical storage technologies with ultrahigh storage capacity, as well as for the localized control of quantum coherence in rare-earth doped solids.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"80 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143417736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-13DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0516
Hanzhe Wu, Danni Chen, Yihong Ji, Gan Xiang, Yanxiang Ni, Heng Li, Bin Yu, Junle Qu
Among the approaches in three-dimensional (3D) single molecule localization microscopy, there are several point spread function (PSF) engineering approaches, in which depth information of molecules is encoded in 2D images. Usually, the molecules are excited sparsely in each raw image. The consequence is that the temporal resolution has to be sacrificed. In order to improve temporal resolution and ensure localization accuracy, we propose a method, SH-CS, based on light needle excitation, detection system with single helix-point spread function (SH-PSF), and compressed sensing (CS). Although the SH-CS method still has a limitation about the molecule density, it is suited for relatively dense molecules. For each light needle scanning position, an SH image of excited molecules is processed with CS algorithm to decode their axial information. Simulations demonstrated, for random distributed 1–15 molecules in depth range of 4 μm, the axial localization accuracy is 12.1–73.5 nm. The feasibility of this method is validated with a designed 3D sample composed of fluorescent beads.
{"title":"Localizing axial dense emitters based on single-helix point spread function and compressed sensing","authors":"Hanzhe Wu, Danni Chen, Yihong Ji, Gan Xiang, Yanxiang Ni, Heng Li, Bin Yu, Junle Qu","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0516","url":null,"abstract":"Among the approaches in three-dimensional (3D) single molecule localization microscopy, there are several point spread function (PSF) engineering approaches, in which depth information of molecules is encoded in 2D images. Usually, the molecules are excited sparsely in each raw image. The consequence is that the temporal resolution has to be sacrificed. In order to improve temporal resolution and ensure localization accuracy, we propose a method, SH-CS, based on light needle excitation, detection system with single helix-point spread function (SH-PSF), and compressed sensing (CS). Although the SH-CS method still has a limitation about the molecule density, it is suited for relatively dense molecules. For each light needle scanning position, an SH image of excited molecules is processed with CS algorithm to decode their axial information. Simulations demonstrated, for random distributed 1–15 molecules in depth range of 4 μm, the axial localization accuracy is 12.1–73.5 nm. The feasibility of this method is validated with a designed 3D sample composed of fluorescent beads.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143417692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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