Pub Date : 2025-02-14DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0665
Hyoung-Taek Lee, Hoyeol Lee, Jeonghoon Kim, Miju Park, Changhee Sohn, Hyeong-Ryeol Park
Terahertz magneto-plasmonics plays a crucial role in platforms for isolation and sensing applications, operating at terahertz frequencies. In spite of recent efforts to enhance magneto-optic effects using metasurfaces, the mechanism for optimizing these effects remains unclear in the terahertz regime. Here we investigate terahertz magneto-optic effects using 100 nm-thick iron slot antennas with varying widths, ranging from 20 µm to 300 nm. Interestingly, as the width of slot antenna decreases, this enhancement peaks around 1 µm, after which the effect diminishes for smaller widths. Based on the effective medium theory, the slot antennas exhibit a maximum Faraday rotation angle near the epsilon-near-zero region. Although the field enhancements in the slot become stronger with the sub-micron widths, the magneto-optic effect may decrease with increasing effective dielectric constant due to gap plasmon effects in the sub-micron region. Our findings provide essential criteria for designing ferromagnetic metasurfaces with enhanced Faraday rotations at terahertz frequencies.
{"title":"Enhanced terahertz magneto-plasmonic effect enabled by epsilon-near-zero iron slot antennas","authors":"Hyoung-Taek Lee, Hoyeol Lee, Jeonghoon Kim, Miju Park, Changhee Sohn, Hyeong-Ryeol Park","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0665","url":null,"abstract":"Terahertz magneto-plasmonics plays a crucial role in platforms for isolation and sensing applications, operating at terahertz frequencies. In spite of recent efforts to enhance magneto-optic effects using metasurfaces, the mechanism for optimizing these effects remains unclear in the terahertz regime. Here we investigate terahertz magneto-optic effects using 100 nm-thick iron slot antennas with varying widths, ranging from 20 µm to 300 nm. Interestingly, as the width of slot antenna decreases, this enhancement peaks around 1 µm, after which the effect diminishes for smaller widths. Based on the effective medium theory, the slot antennas exhibit a maximum Faraday rotation angle near the epsilon-near-zero region. Although the field enhancements in the slot become stronger with the sub-micron widths, the magneto-optic effect may decrease with increasing effective dielectric constant due to gap plasmon effects in the sub-micron region. Our findings provide essential criteria for designing ferromagnetic metasurfaces with enhanced Faraday rotations at terahertz frequencies.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143417734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-14DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0649
Animesh Datta
I present my perspective on sensing with quantum light. I summarise the motivations and methodology for identifying quantum enhancements in sensing over a classical sensor. In the real world, this enhancement will be a constant factor and not increase with the size of the quantum probe as is often advertised. I use a limited survey of interferometry, microscopy and spectroscopy to extract the vital challenges that must be faced to realise tangible enhancements in sensing with quantum light.
{"title":"Sensing with quantum light: a perspective","authors":"Animesh Datta","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0649","url":null,"abstract":"I present my perspective on sensing with quantum light. I summarise the motivations and methodology for identifying quantum enhancements in sensing over a classical sensor. In the real world, this enhancement will be a constant factor and not increase with the size of the quantum probe as is often advertised. I use a limited survey of interferometry, microscopy and spectroscopy to extract the vital challenges that must be faced to realise tangible enhancements in sensing with quantum light.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"1 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143417735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-14DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0635
Leonardo V. S. França, Shaan Doshi, Haitao Zhang, Tian Zhong
Charge-trapping defects in crystalline solids play important roles in applications ranging from microelectronics, optical storage, sensing and quantum technologies. On one hand, depleting trapped charges in the host matrix reduces charge noise and enhances coherence of solid-state quantum emitters. On the other hand, stable charge traps can enable high-density optical storage systems. Here we report all-optical control of charge-trapping defects via optical charge trapping (OCT) spectroscopy of a rare-earth ion doped oxide (Y2O3). Charge trapping is realized by low intensity optical excitation in the 200–375 nm range. Charge detrapping or depletion is carried out by optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) under 532 nm stimulation. Using a Pr-doped Y2O3 polycrystalline ceramic host matrix, we observe charging pathways via the inter-band optical absorption of Y2O3 and via the 4f-5d transitions of Pr3+. We demonstrate effective control of the density of trapped charges within the Y2O3 matrix at ambient environment. These results point to a viable method for controlling the local charge environment in rare-earth doped crystals via all-optical means, and pave the way for further development of efficient optical storage technologies with ultrahigh storage capacity, as well as for the localized control of quantum coherence in rare-earth doped solids.
{"title":"All-optical control of charge-trapping defects in rare-earth doped oxides","authors":"Leonardo V. S. França, Shaan Doshi, Haitao Zhang, Tian Zhong","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0635","url":null,"abstract":"Charge-trapping defects in crystalline solids play important roles in applications ranging from microelectronics, optical storage, sensing and quantum technologies. On one hand, depleting trapped charges in the host matrix reduces charge noise and enhances coherence of solid-state quantum emitters. On the other hand, stable charge traps can enable high-density optical storage systems. Here we report all-optical control of charge-trapping defects <jats:italic>via</jats:italic> optical charge trapping (OCT) spectroscopy of a rare-earth ion doped oxide (Y<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>). Charge trapping is realized by low intensity optical excitation in the 200–375 nm range. Charge detrapping or depletion is carried out by optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) under 532 nm stimulation. Using a Pr-doped Y<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> polycrystalline ceramic host matrix, we observe charging pathways <jats:italic>via</jats:italic> the inter-band optical absorption of Y<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> and <jats:italic>via</jats:italic> the 4f-5d transitions of Pr<jats:sup>3+</jats:sup>. We demonstrate effective control of the density of trapped charges within the Y<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> matrix at ambient environment. These results point to a viable method for controlling the local charge environment in rare-earth doped crystals <jats:italic>via</jats:italic> all-optical means, and pave the way for further development of efficient optical storage technologies with ultrahigh storage capacity, as well as for the localized control of quantum coherence in rare-earth doped solids.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"80 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143417736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-13DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0516
Hanzhe Wu, Danni Chen, Yihong Ji, Gan Xiang, Yanxiang Ni, Heng Li, Bin Yu, Junle Qu
Among the approaches in three-dimensional (3D) single molecule localization microscopy, there are several point spread function (PSF) engineering approaches, in which depth information of molecules is encoded in 2D images. Usually, the molecules are excited sparsely in each raw image. The consequence is that the temporal resolution has to be sacrificed. In order to improve temporal resolution and ensure localization accuracy, we propose a method, SH-CS, based on light needle excitation, detection system with single helix-point spread function (SH-PSF), and compressed sensing (CS). Although the SH-CS method still has a limitation about the molecule density, it is suited for relatively dense molecules. For each light needle scanning position, an SH image of excited molecules is processed with CS algorithm to decode their axial information. Simulations demonstrated, for random distributed 1–15 molecules in depth range of 4 μm, the axial localization accuracy is 12.1–73.5 nm. The feasibility of this method is validated with a designed 3D sample composed of fluorescent beads.
{"title":"Localizing axial dense emitters based on single-helix point spread function and compressed sensing","authors":"Hanzhe Wu, Danni Chen, Yihong Ji, Gan Xiang, Yanxiang Ni, Heng Li, Bin Yu, Junle Qu","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0516","url":null,"abstract":"Among the approaches in three-dimensional (3D) single molecule localization microscopy, there are several point spread function (PSF) engineering approaches, in which depth information of molecules is encoded in 2D images. Usually, the molecules are excited sparsely in each raw image. The consequence is that the temporal resolution has to be sacrificed. In order to improve temporal resolution and ensure localization accuracy, we propose a method, SH-CS, based on light needle excitation, detection system with single helix-point spread function (SH-PSF), and compressed sensing (CS). Although the SH-CS method still has a limitation about the molecule density, it is suited for relatively dense molecules. For each light needle scanning position, an SH image of excited molecules is processed with CS algorithm to decode their axial information. Simulations demonstrated, for random distributed 1–15 molecules in depth range of 4 μm, the axial localization accuracy is 12.1–73.5 nm. The feasibility of this method is validated with a designed 3D sample composed of fluorescent beads.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143417692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Empowering nanophotonic devices via artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized both scientific research methodologies and engineering practices, addressing critical challenges in the design and optimization of complex systems. Traditional methods for developing nanophotonic devices are often constrained by the high dimensionality of design spaces and computational inefficiencies. This review highlights how AI-driven techniques provide transformative solutions by enabling the efficient exploration of vast design spaces, optimizing intricate parameter systems, and predicting the performance of advanced nanophotonic materials and devices with high accuracy. By bridging the gap between computational complexity and practical implementation, AI accelerates the discovery of novel nanophotonic functionalities. Furthermore, we delve into emerging domains, such as diffractive neural networks and quantum machine learning, emphasizing their potential to exploit photonic properties for innovative strategies. The review also examines AI’s applications in advanced engineering areas, e.g., optical image recognition, showcasing its role in addressing complex challenges in device integration. By facilitating the development of highly efficient, compact optical devices, these AI-powered methodologies are paving the way for next-generation nanophotonic systems with enhanced functionalities and broader applications.
{"title":"Empowering nanophotonic applications via artificial intelligence: pathways, progress, and prospects","authors":"Wei Chen, Shuya Yang, Yiming Yan, Yuan Gao, Jinfeng Zhu, Zhaogang Dong","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0723","url":null,"abstract":"Empowering nanophotonic devices via artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized both scientific research methodologies and engineering practices, addressing critical challenges in the design and optimization of complex systems. Traditional methods for developing nanophotonic devices are often constrained by the high dimensionality of design spaces and computational inefficiencies. This review highlights how AI-driven techniques provide transformative solutions by enabling the efficient exploration of vast design spaces, optimizing intricate parameter systems, and predicting the performance of advanced nanophotonic materials and devices with high accuracy. By bridging the gap between computational complexity and practical implementation, AI accelerates the discovery of novel nanophotonic functionalities. Furthermore, we delve into emerging domains, such as diffractive neural networks and quantum machine learning, emphasizing their potential to exploit photonic properties for innovative strategies. The review also examines AI’s applications in advanced engineering areas, e.g., optical image recognition, showcasing its role in addressing complex challenges in device integration. By facilitating the development of highly efficient, compact optical devices, these AI-powered methodologies are paving the way for next-generation nanophotonic systems with enhanced functionalities and broader applications.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143401455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mid-infrared (Mid-IR) photodetection and imaging are pivotal across diverse applications, including remote sensing, communication, and spectral analysis. Among these, single-pixel imaging technology is distinguished by its exceptional sensitivity, high resolution attainable through the sampling system, and economic efficiency. The quality of single-pixel imaging primarily depends on the performance of the photodetector and the sampling system. Photodetectors based on black phosphorus (BP) exhibit low dark current, high specific detectivity (D*), and room-temperature operability. Artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted sampling systems feature efficient and intelligent data reconstruction capabilities. In this work, we demonstrate an AI-driven black phosphorus (BP)/molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)/hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) heterojunction for Mid-IR photodetection and imaging. By optimizing the thickness of the heterojunction, the quality of the interface, and the AI algorithm, we achieved high-performance Mid-IR photodetection and imaging. Specifically, the photodetector has a responsivity of 0.25 A/W at a wavelength of 3,390 nm, an extremely high D* of 3.7 × 109 Jones, a response speed as low as 7 ms, and after AI optimization, the image contrast ratio has been improved from 0.227 to 0.890. At the same time, the sampling rate requirement can be reduced to 25 %. Our research indicates that the efficient combination of BP heterojunction photodetectors and AI technology is expected to accelerate the development of Mid-IR photodetectors and imaging systems.
{"title":"Artificial intelligence driven Mid-IR photoimaging device based on van der Waals heterojunctions of black phosphorus","authors":"Ziqian Wang, Huide Wang, Chen Wang, Yushuo Bao, Weiying Zheng, Xiaoliang Weng, Yihan Zhu, Yi Liu, Yule Zhang, Xilin Tian, Shuo Sun, Rui Cao, Zhe Shi, Xing Chen, Meng Qiu, Hao Wang, Jun Liu, Shuqing Chen, Yu-Jia Zeng, Wugang Liao, Zhangcheng Huang, Haiou Li, Lingfeng Gao, Jianqing Li, Dianyuan Fan, Han Zhang","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0613","url":null,"abstract":"Mid-infrared (Mid-IR) photodetection and imaging are pivotal across diverse applications, including remote sensing, communication, and spectral analysis. Among these, single-pixel imaging technology is distinguished by its exceptional sensitivity, high resolution attainable through the sampling system, and economic efficiency. The quality of single-pixel imaging primarily depends on the performance of the photodetector and the sampling system. Photodetectors based on black phosphorus (BP) exhibit low dark current, high specific detectivity (<jats:italic>D</jats:italic> <jats:sup>*</jats:sup>), and room-temperature operability. Artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted sampling systems feature efficient and intelligent data reconstruction capabilities. In this work, we demonstrate an AI-driven black phosphorus (BP)/molybdenum disulfide (MoS<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>)/hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) heterojunction for Mid-IR photodetection and imaging. By optimizing the thickness of the heterojunction, the quality of the interface, and the AI algorithm, we achieved high-performance Mid-IR photodetection and imaging. Specifically, the photodetector has a responsivity of 0.25 A/W at a wavelength of 3,390 nm, an extremely high <jats:italic>D</jats:italic> <jats:sup>*</jats:sup> of 3.7 × 10<jats:sup>9</jats:sup> Jones, a response speed as low as 7 ms, and after AI optimization, the image contrast ratio has been improved from 0.227 to 0.890. At the same time, the sampling rate requirement can be reduced to 25 %. Our research indicates that the efficient combination of BP heterojunction photodetectors and AI technology is expected to accelerate the development of Mid-IR photodetectors and imaging systems.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143401454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-13DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0760
Myeongeun Kim, Ye-Seong Song, Lakjong Jeong, Tae-Yun Lee, Hyo Seok Choi, In Kim, Myungjae Lee, Heonsu Jeon
Photonic crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs) are promising light sources with numerous advantages, including vertical emission, single-mode operation, and high output power. However, the fabrication of PCSEL devices requires advanced techniques, such as wafer bonding or epitaxial regrowth, to form a photonic crystal (PhC) structure close to the central waveguide layer. This process is not only complicated but also necessitates multiple semiconductor epitaxies, which reduces fabrication yield and increases manufacturing costs. In this study, we introduce a simpler method for fabricating PCSELs that requires only a single dry-etch run on any standard edge-emitting laser diode epistructure. The key challenge of creating an array of PhC air holes deep enough to reach the waveguide layer is addressed through high-temperature, high-plasma-density dry etching. PCSEL devices fabricated using this method lased in single mode at a threshold current density as low as ∼0.8 kA/cm2, which is comparable to or better than previously demonstrated devices. Our results offer a cost-effective, high-yield approach to PCSEL fabrication.
{"title":"1,550-nm photonic crystal surface-emitting laser diode fabricated by single deep air-hole etch","authors":"Myeongeun Kim, Ye-Seong Song, Lakjong Jeong, Tae-Yun Lee, Hyo Seok Choi, In Kim, Myungjae Lee, Heonsu Jeon","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0760","url":null,"abstract":"Photonic crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs) are promising light sources with numerous advantages, including vertical emission, single-mode operation, and high output power. However, the fabrication of PCSEL devices requires advanced techniques, such as wafer bonding or epitaxial regrowth, to form a photonic crystal (PhC) structure close to the central waveguide layer. This process is not only complicated but also necessitates multiple semiconductor epitaxies, which reduces fabrication yield and increases manufacturing costs. In this study, we introduce a simpler method for fabricating PCSELs that requires only a single dry-etch run on any standard edge-emitting laser diode epistructure. The key challenge of creating an array of PhC air holes deep enough to reach the waveguide layer is addressed through high-temperature, high-plasma-density dry etching. PCSEL devices fabricated using this method lased in single mode at a threshold current density as low as ∼0.8 kA/cm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>, which is comparable to or better than previously demonstrated devices. Our results offer a cost-effective, high-yield approach to PCSEL fabrication.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143417717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-13DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0602
Kyuho Kim, Kunwoo Park, Hyungchul Park, Sunkyu Yu, Namkyoo Park, Xianji Piao
Unitarity serves as a fundamental concept for characterizing linear and conservative wave phenomena in both classical and quantum systems. Developing platforms that perform unitary operations on light waves in a universal and programmable manner enables the emulation of complex light–matter interactions and the execution of general-purpose functionalities for wave manipulations, photonic computing, and quantum circuits. Recently, numerous approaches to implementing programmable photonic unitary circuits have been proposed and demonstrated, each employing different design strategies that distinctly impact overall device performance. Here, we review foundational design principles and recent achievements in the implementation of programmable photonic unitary circuits, with a particular focus on integrated photonic platforms. We classify the design strategies based on the dimensionality of nontrivial unit operations in their building blocks: lower-dimensional unitary units, such as SU(2) operations, and higher-dimensional ones, such as Fourier transforms. In each category, recent efforts to leverage alternative physical axes, such as the temporal and frequency domains, to address scalability challenges are also reviewed. We discuss the underlying concepts, design procedures, and trade-offs of each design strategy, especially in relation to light-based computing.
{"title":"Programmable photonic unitary circuits for light computing","authors":"Kyuho Kim, Kunwoo Park, Hyungchul Park, Sunkyu Yu, Namkyoo Park, Xianji Piao","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0602","url":null,"abstract":"Unitarity serves as a fundamental concept for characterizing linear and conservative wave phenomena in both classical and quantum systems. Developing platforms that perform unitary operations on light waves in a universal and programmable manner enables the emulation of complex light–matter interactions and the execution of general-purpose functionalities for wave manipulations, photonic computing, and quantum circuits. Recently, numerous approaches to implementing programmable photonic unitary circuits have been proposed and demonstrated, each employing different design strategies that distinctly impact overall device performance. Here, we review foundational design principles and recent achievements in the implementation of programmable photonic unitary circuits, with a particular focus on integrated photonic platforms. We classify the design strategies based on the dimensionality of nontrivial unit operations in their building blocks: lower-dimensional unitary units, such as SU(2) operations, and higher-dimensional ones, such as Fourier transforms. In each category, recent efforts to leverage alternative physical axes, such as the temporal and frequency domains, to address scalability challenges are also reviewed. We discuss the underlying concepts, design procedures, and trade-offs of each design strategy, especially in relation to light-based computing.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143417690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-13DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0694
Seung Han Shin, Yu Sung Choi, Yae Jun Kim, Jae Woong Yoon
Non-Hermitian photonic wave modulators utilizing exceptional points (EPs) was previously proposed as a potential approach to realize high-performance and compact optical modulators. However, their practical implementation has been restricted by their substantial footprint size limit due to stringent adiabatic conditions near EPs. Here, we demonstrate a principle for efficient wave modulation through optimized parametric trajectories around an EP. By employing rapid encirclement or parametric jump over the EP, we achieve an extinction ratio of 43 dB within a total device length of 15 coupling-length unit. Importantly, we show that adiabatic processes around the EP in the initial stage of the entire evolution can be replaced by an instantaneous parametric jump without compromising the switching performance in stark contrast to the conventional wisdom from the standard adiabaticity.
利用例外点（EP）的非赫米特光子波调制器是实现高性能和紧凑型光调制器的一种潜在方法。然而，由于特殊点附近严格的绝热条件，它们的实际应用受到了巨大的占地面积限制。在这里，我们展示了通过围绕 EP 的优化参数轨迹实现高效波调制的原理。通过在 EP 上采用快速包围或参数跃迁，我们在 15 个耦合长度单位的器件总长度内实现了 43 dB 的消光比。重要的是，我们表明，在整个演化的初始阶段，EP 周围的绝热过程可以被瞬时参数跃迁所取代，而不会影响开关性能，这与标准绝热的传统智慧形成了鲜明对比。
{"title":"Efficient non-Hermitian wave-modulation protocol with a rapid parametric jump","authors":"Seung Han Shin, Yu Sung Choi, Yae Jun Kim, Jae Woong Yoon","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0694","url":null,"abstract":"Non-Hermitian photonic wave modulators utilizing exceptional points (EPs) was previously proposed as a potential approach to realize high-performance and compact optical modulators. However, their practical implementation has been restricted by their substantial footprint size limit due to stringent adiabatic conditions near EPs. Here, we demonstrate a principle for efficient wave modulation through optimized parametric trajectories around an EP. By employing rapid encirclement or parametric jump over the EP, we achieve an extinction ratio of 43 dB within a total device length of 15 coupling-length unit. Importantly, we show that adiabatic processes around the EP in the initial stage of the entire evolution can be replaced by an instantaneous parametric jump without compromising the switching performance in stark contrast to the conventional wisdom from the standard adiabaticity.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143417725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-13DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0773
Gayeon Park, Minseok Kim, Kanghee Won, Seok Ho Song
Advanced optical technologies, such as next-generation displays and holographic systems, demand high efficiency, lightweight designs, compact dimensions, and compatibility with curved and thin substrates. However, current optical devices for virtual and augmented reality displays, such as surface relief and holographic gratings, face challenges like light scattering, low optical efficiency, and limited scalability. Here, we present a geometric phase optical element (GPOE) fabricated using geometric-phase modulation. A pixelated nano grating system was employed, and reactive mesogens were aligned and transferred via a top-down imprinting process. The resulting GPOE exhibits a thin profile, compatibility with curved surfaces, and scalability for mass production. Integrating additional optical components, we realized a multi-focal GPOE and validated its optical performance. This innovation highlights the potential of GPOEs as compact, next-generation optical components for advanced curved-surface systems.
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