Pub Date : 2025-11-05DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2025-0481
Ju Won Choi, Kenny Y.K. Ong, Masaki Kato, Gemma Y.N. Chee, Benjamin J. Eggleton, Radhakrishnan Nagarajan, Dawn T.H. Tan
Optical pulses are essential as information carriers, for driving nonlinear light sources, imaging, the study of attosecond science and 3D printing. In many applications, short pulses are needed. For example, the resolution of imaging methods which utilize short pulses is limited by the temporal width of the pulses, as is the capacity of time division multiplexed data. The temporal compression of optical pulses is an important approach to achieving ultrashort pulses. With the widespread proliferation of silicon photonics and their use in a multitude of applications, an integrated, CMOS-compatible approach for pulse compression would allow its seamless integration with other photonic integrated circuits. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate silicon-based pulse compression fabricated in a CMOS foundry. The first technique utilizes two stages, one for generating self-phase modulation through the Kerr nonlinearity in silicon, and the second for temporal synchronization of the new wavelengths. The second technique leverages Bragg soliton-effect temporal compression. We experimentally demonstrate temporal compression of up to 3.6× and good agreement with numerical calculations. This work represents efficient silicon-on-insulator devices for temporal compression realized using a wafer-scale CMOS foundry process and may therefore be mass manufactured and integrated seamlessly with other photonic and electronic circuits.
{"title":"Wafer-scale CMOS foundry silicon-on-insulator devices for integrated temporal pulse compression","authors":"Ju Won Choi, Kenny Y.K. Ong, Masaki Kato, Gemma Y.N. Chee, Benjamin J. Eggleton, Radhakrishnan Nagarajan, Dawn T.H. Tan","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2025-0481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2025-0481","url":null,"abstract":"Optical pulses are essential as information carriers, for driving nonlinear light sources, imaging, the study of attosecond science and 3D printing. In many applications, short pulses are needed. For example, the resolution of imaging methods which utilize short pulses is limited by the temporal width of the pulses, as is the capacity of time division multiplexed data. The temporal compression of optical pulses is an important approach to achieving ultrashort pulses. With the widespread proliferation of silicon photonics and their use in a multitude of applications, an integrated, CMOS-compatible approach for pulse compression would allow its seamless integration with other photonic integrated circuits. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate silicon-based pulse compression fabricated in a CMOS foundry. The first technique utilizes two stages, one for generating self-phase modulation through the Kerr nonlinearity in silicon, and the second for temporal synchronization of the new wavelengths. The second technique leverages Bragg soliton-effect temporal compression. We experimentally demonstrate temporal compression of up to 3.6× and good agreement with numerical calculations. This work represents efficient silicon-on-insulator devices for temporal compression realized using a wafer-scale CMOS foundry process and may therefore be mass manufactured and integrated seamlessly with other photonic and electronic circuits.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145441267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-04DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2025-0492
Jiho Noh, Julian Schulz, Wladimir Benalcazar, Christina Jörg
Photonic platforms have emerged as versatile and powerful classical simulators of quantum dynamics, providing clean, controllable optical analogs of extended structured (i.e., crystalline) electronic systems. While most realizations to date have used only the fundamental mode at each site, recent advances in structured light – particularly the use of higher-order spatial modes, including those with orbital angular momentum – are enabling richer dynamics and new functionalities. These additional degrees of freedom facilitate the emulation of phenomena ranging from topological band structures and synthetic gauge fields to orbitronics. In this perspective, we discuss how exploiting the internal structure of higher-order modes is reshaping the scope and capabilities of photonic platforms for simulating quantum phenomena.
{"title":"Orbital frontiers: harnessing higher modes in photonic simulators","authors":"Jiho Noh, Julian Schulz, Wladimir Benalcazar, Christina Jörg","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2025-0492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2025-0492","url":null,"abstract":"Photonic platforms have emerged as versatile and powerful classical simulators of quantum dynamics, providing clean, controllable optical analogs of extended structured (i.e., crystalline) electronic systems. While most realizations to date have used only the fundamental mode at each site, recent advances in structured light – particularly the use of higher-order spatial modes, including those with orbital angular momentum – are enabling richer dynamics and new functionalities. These additional degrees of freedom facilitate the emulation of phenomena ranging from topological band structures and synthetic gauge fields to orbitronics. In this perspective, we discuss how exploiting the internal structure of higher-order modes is reshaping the scope and capabilities of photonic platforms for simulating quantum phenomena.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145441269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-03DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2025-0385
Chia-Chien Huang
Metasurfaces composed of van der Waals materials exhibit extreme anisotropy and strong subwavelength confinement, enabling precise control of mid-infrared and terahertz waves for advanced photonic and optoelectronic applications. Among their intriguing phenomena, canalization – characterized by nearly diffraction-free propagation – offers significant potential for nanoscale light manipulation and enhanced light–matter interactions. Recently, gratings were demonstrated to induce synthetic transverse optical (STO) resonances, facilitating canalization perpendicular to the ribbon axis. In this study, we introduce a novel canalization mechanism by sandwiching a grating of hBN ribbons between graphene layers. The hybrid structure achieves orthogonal redirection of STO-induced canalization through the coupling plasmon polaritons in graphene and phonon polaritons in the hBN ribbons, achieving beam widths of approximately 300 nm (∼ λ0 /20, where λ0 is the free-space wavelength) across the spectral range of 1,470–1,510 cm −1 . Detailed analyses were conducted by varying graphene’s Fermi energy and geometric parameters, elucidating key field characteristics and spatial evolution of the canalization. Moreover, practical feasibility is demonstrated through simulated experimental antenna-launched excitation. Our finding holds promise for the development of polariton canalizations in diverse vdW material systems and facilitating on-chip photonic applications.
{"title":"Orthogonal canalized polaritons via coupling graphene plasmon and phonon polaritons of hBN metasurface","authors":"Chia-Chien Huang","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2025-0385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2025-0385","url":null,"abstract":"Metasurfaces composed of van der Waals materials exhibit extreme anisotropy and strong subwavelength confinement, enabling precise control of mid-infrared and terahertz waves for advanced photonic and optoelectronic applications. Among their intriguing phenomena, canalization – characterized by nearly diffraction-free propagation – offers significant potential for nanoscale light manipulation and enhanced light–matter interactions. Recently, gratings were demonstrated to induce synthetic transverse optical (STO) resonances, facilitating canalization perpendicular to the ribbon axis. In this study, we introduce a novel canalization mechanism by sandwiching a grating of hBN ribbons between graphene layers. The hybrid structure achieves orthogonal redirection of STO-induced canalization through the coupling plasmon polaritons in graphene and phonon polaritons in the hBN ribbons, achieving beam widths of approximately 300 nm (∼ <jats:italic>λ</jats:italic> <jats:sub>0</jats:sub> /20, where <jats:italic>λ</jats:italic> <jats:sub>0</jats:sub> is the free-space wavelength) across the spectral range of 1,470–1,510 cm <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> . Detailed analyses were conducted by varying graphene’s Fermi energy and geometric parameters, elucidating key field characteristics and spatial evolution of the canalization. Moreover, practical feasibility is demonstrated through simulated experimental antenna-launched excitation. Our finding holds promise for the development of polariton canalizations in diverse vdW material systems and facilitating on-chip photonic applications.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145427509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2025-0355
Yu Ma, Mengqi Li, Jianping Yu, Zhiwei Fang, Min Wang, Jintian Lin, Haisu Zhang, Ya Cheng
Erbium-doped waveguide lasers have attracted great interests in recent years due to their compact footprint, high scalability and low phase noise. In this work, by using a high-external-gain erbium-doped thin-film lithium niobate waveguide as the gain medium, a fiber-Bragg-grating based Fabry–Perot-type laser is demonstrated with the low pump threshold of few-milliwatts, narrow bandwidth of 0.1 nm, high external output power above 2 mW and maximum optical signal-to-noise ratios above 50 dB. Laser linewidth measurements by self-delayed homodyne and heterodyne detections reveal the underlying multi-longitudinal-mode laser structure and the average intrinsic linewidth as low as ∼50 kHz for the individual longitudinal-modes. Theoretical modeling of the waveguide laser is also conducted with high consistence with the experimental measurements. The demonstrated high-power erbium-doped waveguide laser on thin-film lithium niobate can find diverse applications in optical communication and laser sensing.
{"title":"High external power narrow bandwidth erbium doped waveguide laser on thin film lithium niobate","authors":"Yu Ma, Mengqi Li, Jianping Yu, Zhiwei Fang, Min Wang, Jintian Lin, Haisu Zhang, Ya Cheng","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2025-0355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2025-0355","url":null,"abstract":"Erbium-doped waveguide lasers have attracted great interests in recent years due to their compact footprint, high scalability and low phase noise. In this work, by using a high-external-gain erbium-doped thin-film lithium niobate waveguide as the gain medium, a fiber-Bragg-grating based Fabry–Perot-type laser is demonstrated with the low pump threshold of few-milliwatts, narrow bandwidth of 0.1 nm, high external output power above 2 mW and maximum optical signal-to-noise ratios above 50 dB. Laser linewidth measurements by self-delayed homodyne and heterodyne detections reveal the underlying multi-longitudinal-mode laser structure and the average intrinsic linewidth as low as ∼50 kHz for the individual longitudinal-modes. Theoretical modeling of the waveguide laser is also conducted with high consistence with the experimental measurements. The demonstrated high-power erbium-doped waveguide laser on thin-film lithium niobate can find diverse applications in optical communication and laser sensing.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"167 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145412031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-31DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2025-0433
Yiqi Ye, Hang Su, Yuetian Jia, Baoli Li, Min Gu, Xinyuan Fang
Three-dimensional (3D) displays reconstruct spatial light fields, providing immersive stereoscopic experiences with depth perception. Multiview 3D displays are particularly attractive, delivering multiple perspective images to different spatial positions for glasses-free multi-user observation and continuous motion parallax. However, achieving both high-capacity information encoding and a large field-of-view (FOV) remains challenging. Here, we propose a high-capacity, large-FOV holographic multiview 3D display by integrating orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexing with forked nanograting arrays fabricated via two-photon lithography (TPL). A 3 × 3 hologram array is loaded onto a spatial light modulator (SLM), with each sub-hologram encodes four orthogonal OAM modes, enabling parallel high-capacity information storage. Each OAM channel is diffracted by the corresponding forked nanograting array into multiple discrete directions (experimentally verified up to nine), effectively expanding the accessible viewing range. A dual dynamic control mechanism allows real-time hologram refresh on the SLM and selective switching of different OAM-encoded image sets without computational latency. Experiments under 532 nm illumination successfully reconstruct eight independent 3D scenes with nine viewpoints across a 30° field of view, achieving an average structural similarity index (SSIM) of ∼0.81 with negligible crosstalk. This work establishes a reconfigurable, high-throughput, large-FOV multiview 3D display framework, with potential for portable AR/VR devices, holographic communication and medical surgical navigation.
{"title":"High-capacity multiview display with large viewing angle via orbital angular momentum-encoded nanograting arrays","authors":"Yiqi Ye, Hang Su, Yuetian Jia, Baoli Li, Min Gu, Xinyuan Fang","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2025-0433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2025-0433","url":null,"abstract":"Three-dimensional (3D) displays reconstruct spatial light fields, providing immersive stereoscopic experiences with depth perception. Multiview 3D displays are particularly attractive, delivering multiple perspective images to different spatial positions for glasses-free multi-user observation and continuous motion parallax. However, achieving both high-capacity information encoding and a large field-of-view (FOV) remains challenging. Here, we propose a high-capacity, large-FOV holographic multiview 3D display by integrating orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexing with forked nanograting arrays fabricated via two-photon lithography (TPL). A 3 × 3 hologram array is loaded onto a spatial light modulator (SLM), with each sub-hologram encodes four orthogonal OAM modes, enabling parallel high-capacity information storage. Each OAM channel is diffracted by the corresponding forked nanograting array into multiple discrete directions (experimentally verified up to nine), effectively expanding the accessible viewing range. A dual dynamic control mechanism allows real-time hologram refresh on the SLM and selective switching of different OAM-encoded image sets without computational latency. Experiments under 532 nm illumination successfully reconstruct eight independent 3D scenes with nine viewpoints across a 30° field of view, achieving an average structural similarity index (SSIM) of ∼0.81 with negligible crosstalk. This work establishes a reconfigurable, high-throughput, large-FOV multiview 3D display framework, with potential for portable AR/VR devices, holographic communication and medical surgical navigation.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145412032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Magnetic-optical Kerr or Faraday effects have been widely used to measure magnetic domain structures by analyzing far-field polarization properties, with resolution limited by the wavelength scale of light. Here, we propose a methodology to measure the magnetic domain at a deep-subwavelength scale by investigating the interactions between a magnetic film and a topological meron spin lattice on the surface of hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs), which support high- k modes. By introducing a grating structure on the HMM surface to excite volume plasmon polaritons, optical meron spin lattices are formed on the outer surface of the HMM. Subsequently, utilizing the spin–orbit couplings of the topological lattices in the presence of magnetization, a 0.158 λ resolution and 100 % high-precision detection of the magnetic domain structures with random polar orientations was achieved by altering the incident polarizations from right-handed to left-handed circular polarizations and summing the out-of-plane spin distributions. The findings offer opportunities for the visualization of magnetic domain structure with polar orientation of magnetization and in turn for the development of novel photonic spin topologies using complex magnetization patterns.
{"title":"Deep-subwavelength resolution detection of polar magnetization by optical spin meron lattices on hyperbolic metamaterials","authors":"Jingya Wu, Weiyu Wei, Kefeng Guo, Xiangyang Xie, Aiping Yang, Xinrui Lei, Peng Shi, Qiwen Zhan, Xiaocong Yuan","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2025-0424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2025-0424","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic-optical Kerr or Faraday effects have been widely used to measure magnetic domain structures by analyzing far-field polarization properties, with resolution limited by the wavelength scale of light. Here, we propose a methodology to measure the magnetic domain at a deep-subwavelength scale by investigating the interactions between a magnetic film and a topological meron spin lattice on the surface of hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs), which support high- k modes. By introducing a grating structure on the HMM surface to excite volume plasmon polaritons, optical meron spin lattices are formed on the outer surface of the HMM. Subsequently, utilizing the spin–orbit couplings of the topological lattices in the presence of magnetization, a 0.158 <jats:italic>λ</jats:italic> resolution and 100 % high-precision detection of the magnetic domain structures with random polar orientations was achieved by altering the incident polarizations from right-handed to left-handed circular polarizations and summing the out-of-plane spin distributions. The findings offer opportunities for the visualization of magnetic domain structure with polar orientation of magnetization and in turn for the development of novel photonic spin topologies using complex magnetization patterns.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145405136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-30DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2025-0377
Xiaodong Shi, Angela Anna Baiju, Xu Chen, Sakthi Sanjeev Mohanraj, Sihao Wang, Veerendra Dhyani, Biveen Shajilal, Mengyao Zhao, Ran Yang, Yue Li, Guangxing Wu, Hao Hao, Victor Leong, Ping Koy Lam, Di Zhu
Squeezed states of light play a key role in quantum-enhanced sensing and continuous-variable quantum information processing. Realizing integrated squeezed light sources is crucial for developing compact and scalable photonic quantum systems. In this work, we demonstrate on-chip broadband vacuum squeezing at telecommunication wavelengths on the thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) platform. Our device integrates periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) nanophotonic waveguides with low-loss edge couplers, comprising bilayer inverse tapers and an SU-8 polymer waveguide. This configuration achieves a fiber-to-chip coupling loss of 1.4 dB and a total homodyne detection loss of 4.0 dB, enabling a measured squeezing level of 1.4 dB. Additional measurements in a more efficient PPLN waveguide (without low-loss couplers) infer an on-chip squeezing level of approximately 10 dB at a pump power of 62 mW. These results underscore the potential of TFLN platform for efficient and scalable squeezed light generation.
{"title":"Squeezed light generation in periodically poled thin-film lithium niobate waveguides","authors":"Xiaodong Shi, Angela Anna Baiju, Xu Chen, Sakthi Sanjeev Mohanraj, Sihao Wang, Veerendra Dhyani, Biveen Shajilal, Mengyao Zhao, Ran Yang, Yue Li, Guangxing Wu, Hao Hao, Victor Leong, Ping Koy Lam, Di Zhu","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2025-0377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2025-0377","url":null,"abstract":"Squeezed states of light play a key role in quantum-enhanced sensing and continuous-variable quantum information processing. Realizing integrated squeezed light sources is crucial for developing compact and scalable photonic quantum systems. In this work, we demonstrate on-chip broadband vacuum squeezing at telecommunication wavelengths on the thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) platform. Our device integrates periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) nanophotonic waveguides with low-loss edge couplers, comprising bilayer inverse tapers and an SU-8 polymer waveguide. This configuration achieves a fiber-to-chip coupling loss of 1.4 dB and a total homodyne detection loss of 4.0 dB, enabling a measured squeezing level of 1.4 dB. Additional measurements in a more efficient PPLN waveguide (without low-loss couplers) infer an on-chip squeezing level of approximately 10 dB at a pump power of 62 mW. These results underscore the potential of TFLN platform for efficient and scalable squeezed light generation.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145405137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-29DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2025-0358
Xiaoyong He, Wenhan Cao, Fangting Lin
Proposed by von Neuman and Wigner in 1929, bound states in the continuum (BIC) exhibit the merits of ultrahigh Q–factor and strongly confined modes, solving the inherent high dissipation of metamaterials (MMs) and plasmonic devices. Dirac semimetal (DSM) possesses the advantages of high carrier mobility and outstanding tunable properties, which provides avenues for the design of performance functional devices. This review focuses on recent progresses of the DSM (graphene and 3D Dirac semimetals, e.g. Cd 3 As 2 ) and other novel materials ( e.g. MoS 2 , borophene, GaSe) based BIC MMs, including the effects of Fermi levels, resonators types, and operation frequency ranges. Some related interesting phenomena, such as tunable Fano resonance, strong epsilon-nearly-zero and nonlinear harmonic effects, together with a brief prospect on the future development trends of DSM MMs, have been given and discussed. This work also provides a useful guideline to understand the tunable mechanism of the DSM devices and develop high performance functional devices applied in the fields of wireless communications, security detection, and sub-millimeter astronomical observations, e.g. filters, modulators and polarizers.
{"title":"Tunable BIC metamaterials with Dirac semimetals","authors":"Xiaoyong He, Wenhan Cao, Fangting Lin","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2025-0358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2025-0358","url":null,"abstract":"Proposed by von Neuman and Wigner in 1929, bound states in the continuum (BIC) exhibit the merits of ultrahigh <jats:italic>Q–factor</jats:italic> and strongly confined modes, solving the inherent high dissipation of metamaterials (MMs) and plasmonic devices. Dirac semimetal (DSM) possesses the advantages of high carrier mobility and outstanding tunable properties, which provides avenues for the design of performance functional devices. This review focuses on recent progresses of the DSM (graphene and 3D Dirac semimetals, <jats:italic>e.g.</jats:italic> Cd <jats:sub>3</jats:sub> As <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> ) and other novel materials ( <jats:italic>e.g.</jats:italic> MoS <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> , borophene, GaSe) based BIC MMs, including the effects of Fermi levels, resonators types, and operation frequency ranges. Some related interesting phenomena, such as tunable Fano resonance, strong epsilon-nearly-zero and nonlinear harmonic effects, together with a brief prospect on the future development trends of DSM MMs, have been given and discussed. This work also provides a useful guideline to understand the tunable mechanism of the DSM devices and develop high performance functional devices applied in the fields of wireless communications, security detection, and sub-millimeter astronomical observations, <jats:italic>e.g.</jats:italic> filters, modulators and polarizers.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145397113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Photonic quasicrystals, generated through the interference of multiple vortex beams, exhibit rich and complex topological landscapes. However, unlike their periodic counterparts, they have far lacked the same level of controllability and reconfigurability. In this work, we develop a theoretical model to characterize the spin topology of photonic quasicrystals and uncover the intrinsic substructure underlying their quasi-periodic spin textures. By analyzing the formation mechanisms, we demonstrate the controlled decomposition and topological annihilation of individual sublattices within a quasicrystalline configuration. Based on this, we propose a phase-modulation method to reconfigure these topological states. We demonstrate that a quasicrystal with octagonal symmetry can be decomposed into two square meron lattices with a relative twist. This method is further extended to create more complex quasicrystals, where selective sublattice activation leads to meron bags. These findings provide new insights into both the static design and active manipulation of topological quasicrystals of light, paving the way for programmable topological photonic platforms with high spatial complexity and functional versatility.
{"title":"Topological decomposition and transformation of photonic quasicrystals","authors":"Hao Wang, Houan Teng, Jinzhan Zhong, Xinrui Lei, Qiwen Zhan","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2025-0384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2025-0384","url":null,"abstract":"Photonic quasicrystals, generated through the interference of multiple vortex beams, exhibit rich and complex topological landscapes. However, unlike their periodic counterparts, they have far lacked the same level of controllability and reconfigurability. In this work, we develop a theoretical model to characterize the spin topology of photonic quasicrystals and uncover the intrinsic substructure underlying their quasi-periodic spin textures. By analyzing the formation mechanisms, we demonstrate the controlled decomposition and topological annihilation of individual sublattices within a quasicrystalline configuration. Based on this, we propose a phase-modulation method to reconfigure these topological states. We demonstrate that a quasicrystal with octagonal symmetry can be decomposed into two square meron lattices with a relative twist. This method is further extended to create more complex quasicrystals, where selective sublattice activation leads to meron bags. These findings provide new insights into both the static design and active manipulation of topological quasicrystals of light, paving the way for programmable topological photonic platforms with high spatial complexity and functional versatility.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145397114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Achieving high electromagnetic (EM) wave transmission with excellent angular stability is crucial for communication, detection, and guidance but remains challenging, especially when integrating other functions like out-of-band radar cross-section (RCS) reduction, which often degrades transmission. In this work, we propose to solve this problem by utilizing the longitudinal design freedom of metasurface. To this end, a typical longitudinally-coupled structure is proposed as the meta-atom for designing metasurfaces, which is composed of one layer of metallic meshes and one layer of metallic patch. By leveraging the synergistic effect of the plasma oscillation of the metallic mesh and the Lorentz resonance effect of the metal patch within meta-atom, we obtain a dual-polarization angle stable EM window (0°–80°) within the operating band. On this basis, without altering the structural parameters of the meta-atom, we utilize the longitudinal dimension to encode the reflection phases of out-of-band EM waves by flipping the meta-atom structure longitudinally, which can integrate out-of-band radar cross-section (RCS) reduction function without affecting the in-band transmission performance. To demonstrate this idea, prototypes were designed, fabricated and measured. Fabricated prototypes show good agreement between measurements and simulations, validating the method. This opens new paths for multifunctional EM windows in next-gen communication and radar systems.
{"title":"Dual-polarization electromagnetic window simultaneously with extreme in-band angle-stability and out-of-band RCS reduction empowered by flip-coding metasurface","authors":"Heng-Yang Luo, Tie-Fu Li, Jia-Fu Wang, Yu-Xiang Jia, Rui-Chao Zhu, Xiao-Long Liang, Zhi-Hui Zhang, Min Zhou, Shao-Bo Qu","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2025-0386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2025-0386","url":null,"abstract":"Achieving high electromagnetic (EM) wave transmission with excellent angular stability is crucial for communication, detection, and guidance but remains challenging, especially when integrating other functions like out-of-band radar cross-section (RCS) reduction, which often degrades transmission. In this work, we propose to solve this problem by utilizing the longitudinal design freedom of metasurface. To this end, a typical longitudinally-coupled structure is proposed as the meta-atom for designing metasurfaces, which is composed of one layer of metallic meshes and one layer of metallic patch. By leveraging the synergistic effect of the plasma oscillation of the metallic mesh and the Lorentz resonance effect of the metal patch within meta-atom, we obtain a dual-polarization angle stable EM window (0°–80°) within the operating band. On this basis, without altering the structural parameters of the meta-atom, we utilize the longitudinal dimension to encode the reflection phases of out-of-band EM waves by flipping the meta-atom structure longitudinally, which can integrate out-of-band radar cross-section (RCS) reduction function without affecting the in-band transmission performance. To demonstrate this idea, prototypes were designed, fabricated and measured. Fabricated prototypes show good agreement between measurements and simulations, validating the method. This opens new paths for multifunctional EM windows in next-gen communication and radar systems.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145397117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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