Pub Date : 2024-08-28DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0285
Elena N. Gerasimova, Landysh I. Fatkhutdinova, Ivan I. Vazhenin, Egor I. Uvarov, Elizaveta Vysotina, Lidia Mikhailova, Polina A. Lazareva, Dmitry Kostyushev, Maxim Abakumov, Alessandro Parodi, Vitaly V. Yaroshenko, Dmitry A. Zuev, Mikhail V. Zyuzin
Hyperthermia plays a significant role in cancer treatment by inducing cell damage through temperature elevation, often used alongside other treatment modalities. During hyperthermia therapy, temperature control is crucial. Here, we report on a simple synthesis route of hybrid plasmonic nanodiamonds either completely wrapped with an Au shell (NV@Au) or densely covered with Au NPs (NV@SiO 2 @Au). Such integration of nanodiamonds with Au NPs is advantageous both for heating and precise thermometry at nanoscale. After structural and optical investigations, heating abilities of the obtained plasmonic nanodiamonds were thoroughly inspected on glass, in association with living cells, and in tissue slices ex vivo, revealing their effective heat generation under excitation with light using a single excitation source. The developed hybrid plasmonic nanodiamonds were finally applied for local photothermal therapy of melanoma in vivo, demonstrating their efficacy in eradicating cancer cells and monitoring temperature during the process.
{"title":"Hybrid plasmonic nanodiamonds for thermometry and local photothermal therapy of melanoma: a comparative study","authors":"Elena N. Gerasimova, Landysh I. Fatkhutdinova, Ivan I. Vazhenin, Egor I. Uvarov, Elizaveta Vysotina, Lidia Mikhailova, Polina A. Lazareva, Dmitry Kostyushev, Maxim Abakumov, Alessandro Parodi, Vitaly V. Yaroshenko, Dmitry A. Zuev, Mikhail V. Zyuzin","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0285","url":null,"abstract":"Hyperthermia plays a significant role in cancer treatment by inducing cell damage through temperature elevation, often used alongside other treatment modalities. During hyperthermia therapy, temperature control is crucial. Here, we report on a simple synthesis route of hybrid plasmonic nanodiamonds either completely wrapped with an Au shell (NV@Au) or densely covered with Au NPs (NV@SiO <jats:sub> 2 </jats:sub> @Au). Such integration of nanodiamonds with Au NPs is advantageous both for heating and precise thermometry at nanoscale. After structural and optical investigations, heating abilities of the obtained plasmonic nanodiamonds were thoroughly inspected on glass, in association with living cells, and in tissue slices <jats:italic>ex vivo</jats:italic>, revealing their effective heat generation under excitation with light using a single excitation source. The developed hybrid plasmonic nanodiamonds were finally applied for local photothermal therapy of melanoma <jats:italic>in vivo</jats:italic>, demonstrating their efficacy in eradicating cancer cells and monitoring temperature during the process.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"146 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142089915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Achieving independent multitasked wavefront control by using an ultrathin plate is a challenge to increase information capacity in integration optics and radar applications. Transmission-reflection-integrated metasurface provides an efficient recipe primarily for multifunctional meta-device, however it is challenging to synergize both linear polarization (LP) and circular polarization (CP) using a single meta-plate. Here, a multichannel full-space coding metasurface composed of interleaved shared-aperture meta-atom is proposed to achieve large information capacity by capsulating judiciously engineered high efficiency triple sub-elements (modes) in four-layer scheme. By rotating dual-gap split ring resonator and varying size of “L” type structure insulating by a metallic ring with electrostatic-analogue shielding effect, both Pancharatnam–Berry (PB) and dynamic phases are independently realized under CP and LP waves, respectively. Such an extraordinary insulating strategy completely suppresses crosstalk among three modes and unprecedentedly increases the capability in yielding kaleidoscopic wavefront control. To verify the significance, a proof-of-concept metadevice is devised and experimentally demonstrated with tri-channel wavefront manipulations, exhibiting reflective dual-vortex beam and Bessel beam for forward and backward CP wave, respectively at high frequency, while transmissive polarization beam splitting for 45°-LP wave at low frequency. Our finding in polarization-direction multiplexing is expected to generate great interest in electromagnetic integration with emerging degree of freedoms.
{"title":"Multichannel full-space coding metasurface with linearly-circularly-polarized wavefront manipulation","authors":"Huiling Luo, Huanhuan Gao, Yanzhao Wang, Chaohui Wang, Fan Zhang, Yanzhang Shao, Tong Liu, Zhengjie Wang, He-Xiu Xu","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0331","url":null,"abstract":"Achieving independent multitasked wavefront control by using an ultrathin plate is a challenge to increase information capacity in integration optics and radar applications. Transmission-reflection-integrated metasurface provides an efficient recipe primarily for multifunctional meta-device, however it is challenging to synergize both linear polarization (LP) and circular polarization (CP) using a single meta-plate. Here, a multichannel full-space coding metasurface composed of interleaved shared-aperture meta-atom is proposed to achieve large information capacity by capsulating judiciously engineered high efficiency triple sub-elements (modes) in four-layer scheme. By rotating dual-gap split ring resonator and varying size of “L” type structure insulating by a metallic ring with electrostatic-analogue shielding effect, both Pancharatnam–Berry (PB) and dynamic phases are independently realized under CP and LP waves, respectively. Such an extraordinary insulating strategy completely suppresses crosstalk among three modes and unprecedentedly increases the capability in yielding kaleidoscopic wavefront control. To verify the significance, a proof-of-concept metadevice is devised and experimentally demonstrated with tri-channel wavefront manipulations, exhibiting reflective dual-vortex beam and Bessel beam for forward and backward CP wave, respectively at high frequency, while transmissive polarization beam splitting for 45°-LP wave at low frequency. Our finding in polarization-direction multiplexing is expected to generate great interest in electromagnetic integration with emerging degree of freedoms.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142089956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optoelectronic synaptic devices have been regarded as the key component in constructing neuromorphic computing systems. However, the optoelectronic synapses based on conventional 2D transistor are still suffering low photosensitivity and volatile retention behavior, which can affect the recognition accuracy and long-term memory. Here, a novel optoelectronic synaptic device based on surface-state-rich CdSe nanobelt photosensitized 2D MoS2 transistor is demonstrated. Benefiting from the excellent light absorption of CdSe and effective charge trapping at the hetero-interface, the device exhibits not only high photosensitivity but also long retention time (>1,500 s). In addition, typical synaptic functions including the excitatory postsynaptic current, paired-pulse facilitation, the transformation from short-term to long-term plasticity, the transformation from short-term to long-term plasticity, spike-amplitude-dependent plasticity, and learning-forgetting-relearning process are successfully simulated and modulated by light stimulation. Most importantly, an artificial neural network is simulated based on the optical potentiation and electrical habituation characteristics of the synaptic devices, with recognition accuracy rates of 89.2, 93.8, and 91.9 % for file type datasets, small digits, and large digits are achieved. This study demonstrates a simple and efficient way to fabricate highly photosensitive optoelectronic synapse for artificial neural networks by combining the merits of specific materials and device architecture.
{"title":"Artificial optoelectronic synapse based on CdSe nanobelt photosensitized MoS2 transistor with long retention time for neuromorphic application","authors":"Xiaohui Song, Xiaojing Lv, Mengjie He, Fei Mao, Jie Bai, Xuan Qin, Yanjie Hu, Zinan Ma, Zhen Liu, Xueping Li, Chenhai Shen, Yurong Jiang, Xu Zhao, Congxin Xia","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0368","url":null,"abstract":"Optoelectronic synaptic devices have been regarded as the key component in constructing neuromorphic computing systems. However, the optoelectronic synapses based on conventional 2D transistor are still suffering low photosensitivity and volatile retention behavior, which can affect the recognition accuracy and long-term memory. Here, a novel optoelectronic synaptic device based on surface-state-rich CdSe nanobelt photosensitized 2D MoS<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> transistor is demonstrated. Benefiting from the excellent light absorption of CdSe and effective charge trapping at the hetero-interface, the device exhibits not only high photosensitivity but also long retention time (>1,500 s). In addition, typical synaptic functions including the excitatory postsynaptic current, paired-pulse facilitation, the transformation from short-term to long-term plasticity, the transformation from short-term to long-term plasticity, spike-amplitude-dependent plasticity, and learning-forgetting-relearning process are successfully simulated and modulated by light stimulation. Most importantly, an artificial neural network is simulated based on the optical potentiation and electrical habituation characteristics of the synaptic devices, with recognition accuracy rates of 89.2, 93.8, and 91.9 % for file type datasets, small digits, and large digits are achieved. This study demonstrates a simple and efficient way to fabricate highly photosensitive optoelectronic synapse for artificial neural networks by combining the merits of specific materials and device architecture.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142089947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-28DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0328
Haomin Zhang, Quan Li, Huijuan Zhao, Bowen Wang, Jiaxing Gong, Li Gao
Spectroscopy is a technique that analyzes the interaction between matter and light as a function of wavelength. It is the most convenient method for obtaining qualitative and quantitative information about an unknown sample with reasonable accuracy. However, traditional spectroscopy is reliant on bulky and expensive spectrometers, while emerging applications of portable, low-cost and lightweight sensing and imaging necessitate the development of miniaturized spectrometers. In this study, we have developed a computational spectroscopy method that can provide single-shot operation, sub-nanometer spectral resolution, and direct materials characterization. This method is enabled by a metasurface integrated computational spectrometer and deep learning algorithms. The identification of critical parameters of optical cavities and chemical solutions is demonstrated through the application of the method, with an average spectral reconstruction accuracy of 0.4 nm and an actual measurement error of 0.32 nm. The mean square errors for the characterization of cavity length and solution concentration are 0.53 % and 1.21 %, respectively. Consequently, computational spectroscopy can achieve the same level of spectral accuracy as traditional spectroscopy while providing convenient, rapid material characterization in a variety of scenarios.
{"title":"Snapshot computational spectroscopy enabled by deep learning","authors":"Haomin Zhang, Quan Li, Huijuan Zhao, Bowen Wang, Jiaxing Gong, Li Gao","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0328","url":null,"abstract":"Spectroscopy is a technique that analyzes the interaction between matter and light as a function of wavelength. It is the most convenient method for obtaining qualitative and quantitative information about an unknown sample with reasonable accuracy. However, traditional spectroscopy is reliant on bulky and expensive spectrometers, while emerging applications of portable, low-cost and lightweight sensing and imaging necessitate the development of miniaturized spectrometers. In this study, we have developed a computational spectroscopy method that can provide single-shot operation, sub-nanometer spectral resolution, and direct materials characterization. This method is enabled by a metasurface integrated computational spectrometer and deep learning algorithms. The identification of critical parameters of optical cavities and chemical solutions is demonstrated through the application of the method, with an average spectral reconstruction accuracy of 0.4 nm and an actual measurement error of 0.32 nm. The mean square errors for the characterization of cavity length and solution concentration are 0.53 % and 1.21 %, respectively. Consequently, computational spectroscopy can achieve the same level of spectral accuracy as traditional spectroscopy while providing convenient, rapid material characterization in a variety of scenarios.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142089946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-28DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0222
Eleonora Cara, Philipp Hönicke, Yves Kayser, Burkhard Beckhoff, Andrea M. Giovannozzi, Petr Klapetek, Alberto Zoccante, Maurizio Cossi, Li-Lin Tay, Luca Boarino, Federico Ferrarese Lupi
Non-destructive reference-free grazing incidence X-ray fluorescence (RF-GIXRF) is proposed as a highly effective analytical technique for extracting molecular arrangement density in self-assembled monolayers. The establishment of surface density standards through RF-GIXRF impacts various applications, from calibrating laboratory XRF setups to expanding its applicability in materials science, particularly in surface coating scenarios with molecular assemblies. Accurate determination of coverage density is crucial for proper functionalization and interaction, such as in assessing the surface concentration of probes on plasmonic nanostructures. However, limited synchrotron radiation access hinders widespread use, prompting the need for molecular surface density standards, especially for benchmarking substrates for surface-enhanced Raman and infrared absorption spectroscopies (SERS and SEIRA) as well as associated surface-enhanced techniques. Using reproducible densities on gold ensures a solid evaluation of the number of molecules contributing to enhanced signals, facilitating comparability across substrates. The research discusses the importance of employing molecular surface density standards for advancing the field of surface-enhanced spectroscopies, encouraging collaborative efforts in protocol development and benchmarking in surface science.
无损无参照掠入射 X 射线荧光（RF-GIXRF）是一种提取自组装单层分子排列密度的高效分析技术。通过 RF-GIXRF 建立表面密度标准会对各种应用产生影响，从校准实验室 XRF 设置到扩大其在材料科学中的适用性，特别是在分子组装的表面涂层场景中。覆盖密度的精确测定对于适当的功能化和相互作用至关重要，例如在评估等离子纳米结构上探针的表面浓度时。然而，有限的同步辐射条件阻碍了分子表面密度标准的广泛应用，尤其是在表面增强拉曼和红外吸收光谱（SERS 和 SEIRA）以及相关表面增强技术的基底基准方面。在金上使用可重现的密度可确保对有助于增强信号的分子数量进行可靠的评估，从而促进基底之间的可比性。该研究讨论了采用分子表面密度标准对推动表面增强光谱学领域发展的重要性，鼓励在表面科学的协议开发和基准设定方面开展合作。
{"title":"Molecular surface coverage standards by reference-free GIXRF supporting SERS and SEIRA substrate benchmarking","authors":"Eleonora Cara, Philipp Hönicke, Yves Kayser, Burkhard Beckhoff, Andrea M. Giovannozzi, Petr Klapetek, Alberto Zoccante, Maurizio Cossi, Li-Lin Tay, Luca Boarino, Federico Ferrarese Lupi","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0222","url":null,"abstract":"Non-destructive reference-free grazing incidence X-ray fluorescence (RF-GIXRF) is proposed as a highly effective analytical technique for extracting molecular arrangement density in self-assembled monolayers. The establishment of surface density standards through RF-GIXRF impacts various applications, from calibrating laboratory XRF setups to expanding its applicability in materials science, particularly in surface coating scenarios with molecular assemblies. Accurate determination of coverage density is crucial for proper functionalization and interaction, such as in assessing the surface concentration of probes on plasmonic nanostructures. However, limited synchrotron radiation access hinders widespread use, prompting the need for molecular surface density standards, especially for benchmarking substrates for surface-enhanced Raman and infrared absorption spectroscopies (SERS and SEIRA) as well as associated surface-enhanced techniques. Using reproducible densities on gold ensures a solid evaluation of the number of molecules contributing to enhanced signals, facilitating comparability across substrates. The research discusses the importance of employing molecular surface density standards for advancing the field of surface-enhanced spectroscopies, encouraging collaborative efforts in protocol development and benchmarking in surface science.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142090033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-27DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0343
Jeetendra Gour, Sebastian Beer, Pallabi Paul, Alessandro Alberucci, Michael Steinert, Adriana Szeghalmi, Thomas Siefke, Ulf Peschel, Stefan Nolte, Uwe Detlef Zeitner
In the rapidly evolving field of plasmonic metasurfaces, achieving homogeneous, reliable, and reproducible fabrication of sub-5 nm dielectric nanogaps is a significant challenge. This article presents an advanced fabrication technology that addresses this issue, capable of realizing uniform and reliable vertical nanogap metasurfaces on a whole wafer of 100 mm diameter. By leveraging fast patterning techniques, such as variable-shaped and character projection electron beam lithography (EBL), along with atomic layer deposition (ALD) for defining a few nanometer gaps with sub-nanometer precision, we have developed a flexible nanofabrication technology to achieve gaps as narrow as 2 nm in plasmonic nanoantennas. The quality of our structures is experimentally demonstrated by the observation of resonant localized and collective modes corresponding to the lattice, with Q-factors reaching up to 165. Our technological process opens up new and exciting opportunities to fabricate macroscopic devices harnessing the strong enhancement of light–matter interaction at the single nanometer scale.
{"title":"Wafer-scale nanofabrication of sub-5 nm gaps in plasmonic metasurfaces","authors":"Jeetendra Gour, Sebastian Beer, Pallabi Paul, Alessandro Alberucci, Michael Steinert, Adriana Szeghalmi, Thomas Siefke, Ulf Peschel, Stefan Nolte, Uwe Detlef Zeitner","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0343","url":null,"abstract":"In the rapidly evolving field of plasmonic metasurfaces, achieving homogeneous, reliable, and reproducible fabrication of sub-5 nm dielectric nanogaps is a significant challenge. This article presents an advanced fabrication technology that addresses this issue, capable of realizing uniform and reliable vertical nanogap metasurfaces on a whole wafer of 100 mm diameter. By leveraging fast patterning techniques, such as variable-shaped and character projection electron beam lithography (EBL), along with atomic layer deposition (ALD) for defining a few nanometer gaps with sub-nanometer precision, we have developed a flexible nanofabrication technology to achieve gaps as narrow as 2 nm in plasmonic nanoantennas. The quality of our structures is experimentally demonstrated by the observation of resonant localized and collective modes corresponding to the lattice, with Q-factors reaching up to 165. Our technological process opens up new and exciting opportunities to fabricate macroscopic devices harnessing the strong enhancement of light–matter interaction at the single nanometer scale.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142084782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-27DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0360
Jae-Seon Yu, Serang Jung, Jin-Woo Cho, Geon-Tae Park, Mikhail Kats, Sun-Kyung Kim, Eungkyu Lee
Achieving long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) cameras with high sensitivity and shorter exposure times faces challenges due to series reflections from high-refractive index lenses within compact optical systems. However, designing effective antireflective coatings to maximize light throughput in these systems is complicated by the limited range of transparent materials available for the LWIR. This scarcity narrows the degrees of freedom in design, complicating the optimization process for a system that aims to minimize the number of physical layers and address the inherent large refractive mismatch from high-index lenses. In this study, we use discrete-to-continuous optimization to design a subwavelength-thick antireflective multilayer coating on high-refractive index Si substrate for LWIR cameras, where the coating consists of few (e.g., five) alternating stacks of high- and low-refractive-index thin films (e.g., Ge-YF3, Ge-ZnS, or ZnS-YF3). Discrete optimization efficiently reveals the configuration of physical layers through binary optimization supported by a machine learning model. Continuous optimization identifies the optimal thickness of each coating layer using the conventional gradient method. As a result, considering the responsivity of a LWIR camera, the discrete-to-continuous strategy finds the optimal design of a 2.3-μm-thick antireflective coating on Si substrate consisting of five physical layers based on the Ge-YF3 high-low index pair, showing an average reflectance of 0.54 % within the wavelength range of 8–13 μm. Moreover, conventional thin-film deposition (e.g., electron-beam evaporator) techniques successfully realize the designed structure, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermography confirm the high performance of the antireflective function.
{"title":"Ultrathin Ge-YF3 antireflective coating with 0.5 % reflectivity on high-index substrate for long-wavelength infrared cameras","authors":"Jae-Seon Yu, Serang Jung, Jin-Woo Cho, Geon-Tae Park, Mikhail Kats, Sun-Kyung Kim, Eungkyu Lee","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0360","url":null,"abstract":"Achieving long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) cameras with high sensitivity and shorter exposure times faces challenges due to series reflections from high-refractive index lenses within compact optical systems. However, designing effective antireflective coatings to maximize light throughput in these systems is complicated by the limited range of transparent materials available for the LWIR. This scarcity narrows the degrees of freedom in design, complicating the optimization process for a system that aims to minimize the number of physical layers and address the inherent large refractive mismatch from high-index lenses. In this study, we use discrete-to-continuous optimization to design a subwavelength-thick antireflective multilayer coating on high-refractive index Si substrate for LWIR cameras, where the coating consists of few (e.g., five) alternating stacks of high- and low-refractive-index thin films (e.g., Ge-YF<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>, Ge-ZnS, or ZnS-YF<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>). Discrete optimization efficiently reveals the configuration of physical layers through binary optimization supported by a machine learning model. Continuous optimization identifies the optimal thickness of each coating layer using the conventional gradient method. As a result, considering the responsivity of a LWIR camera, the discrete-to-continuous strategy finds the optimal design of a 2.3-μm-thick antireflective coating on Si substrate consisting of five physical layers based on the Ge-YF<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> high-low index pair, showing an average reflectance of 0.54 % within the wavelength range of 8–13 μm. Moreover, conventional thin-film deposition (e.g., electron-beam evaporator) techniques successfully realize the designed structure, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermography confirm the high performance of the antireflective function.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142084784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fused silica with surface structures has potential applications in microfluidic, aerospace and other fields. To fabricate structures with high dimensional accuracy and surface quality is of paramount importance. However, it is indeed a challenge to strike a balance between accuracy and efficiency at the same time. Here, a temporally shaped femtosecond laser Bessel-beam-assisted etching method with dual-control of incubation effect is proposed to achieve this balance. Instead of layer-by-layer ablation continuously with Gaussian pulses, silica is modified discretely by double pulse Bessel beam with one single layer. During the modification process, incubation effect is dual-controlled in single shot process and spatial scanning process to generate even modified region efficiently. Then, the modified region is etched to form designed structures such as microholes, grooves, etc. The proposed method exhibits high efficiency for fabrication of surface structures in fused silica.
{"title":"Dual-control of incubation effect for efficiently fabricating surface structures in fused silica","authors":"Zhi Wang, Zhikun Xiang, Xiaowei Li, Mengnan Wu, Peng Yi, Chao Zhang, Yihao Yan, Xibiao Li, Xiangyu Zhang, Andong Wang, Lingling Huang","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0324","url":null,"abstract":"Fused silica with surface structures has potential applications in microfluidic, aerospace and other fields. To fabricate structures with high dimensional accuracy and surface quality is of paramount importance. However, it is indeed a challenge to strike a balance between accuracy and efficiency at the same time. Here, a temporally shaped femtosecond laser Bessel-beam-assisted etching method with dual-control of incubation effect is proposed to achieve this balance. Instead of layer-by-layer ablation continuously with Gaussian pulses, silica is modified discretely by double pulse Bessel beam with one single layer. During the modification process, incubation effect is dual-controlled in single shot process and spatial scanning process to generate even modified region efficiently. Then, the modified region is etched to form designed structures such as microholes, grooves, etc. The proposed method exhibits high efficiency for fabrication of surface structures in fused silica.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142084781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-27DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0259
Justina Anulytė, Vytautas Žičkus, Ernesta Bužavaitė-Vertelienė, Daniele Faccio, Zigmas Balevičius
Strong light–matter interactions have received a lot of attention, for example in the pursuit of plasmonic-excitonic structures as coherent light sources with low-power threshold. In this study, we investigate the influence of room temperature strong coupling between surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) and excitons on fluorescence lifetimes and photobleaching effects. Our plasmonic-photonic structure, comprising of thin silver (Ag) and gold (Au) layers with a Rhodamine 6G (R6G) dye layer, shows a clear shift in the plasmon resonance and R6G absorption lines with varying incident angles, indicative of strong coupling, with a measured Rabi splitting of approximately 90 meV. Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) was then employed to assess photobleaching, revealing a significant reduction in photobleaching effect for in strongly coupled plasmonic-excitonic structures compared to single Rhodamine R6G layers. Our findings indicate the pivotal role of strong light–matter interactions in reducing photobleaching effects and stabilizing fluorescence intensities, offering promising avenues for developing quantum multiparticle nanophotonic devices with enhanced stability and performance.
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Pub Date : 2024-08-27DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0170
Felix Binkowski, Sven Burger, Günter Kewes
We add a missing element to the set of directly computable scenarios of light-matter-interaction within classical numerical Maxwell solvers, i.e., light scattering from hybrid systems of resonators and individual Fourier-limited emitters. In particular, individual emitters are incorporated as tiny polarizable and resonant spherical scatterers. This emitter model is based on well-known extremal properties of Mie modes. The spherical emitter is made from an artificial Drude metal with ϵ(ω)=ϵb−ωp2/(ω2+iΓω)${epsilon}(omega )={{epsilon}}_{b}-{omega }_{p}^{2}/({omega }^{2}+i{Gamma }omega )$. By tuning ϵb and ωp we adjust the resonance frequency and the Fourier-limited linewidth and by adjusting Γ we may add non-radiative damping or dephasing. This approach automatically reproduces the ideal text book coherent scattering cross-section of Fourier-limited two level quantum systems of σ0 = 3λ2/(2πϵout) which is not possible with typically used Lorentz permittivities which only mimic optical resonances. Further, the emitter’s linewidth adopts to the surrounding optical local density of states (LDOS). To demonstrate this we successfully benchmark our approach with prominent examples from the literature.
我们为经典数值麦克斯韦求解器中可直接计算的光-物质-相互作用场景添加了一个缺失元素，即来自谐振器和单个傅立叶限制发射器混合系统的光散射。特别是，单个发射器被整合为微小的可偏振共振球形散射体。这种发射器模型基于众所周知的米氏模式极值特性。球形发射器由人造德鲁德金属制成，其 ϵ ( ω ) = ϵ b - ω p 2 / ( ω 2 + i Γ ω ) ${epsilon}(omega )={{epsilon}}_{b}-{omega }_{p}^{2}/({omega }^{2}+i{Gamma }omega )$ 。通过调整 ϵ b 和 ω p，我们可以调整共振频率和傅里叶限制线宽，通过调整 Γ，我们可以增加非辐射阻尼或去相消。这种方法可以自动再现傅里叶限制的两级量子系统的理想相干散射截面 σ 0 = 3λ 2/(2πϵ out)，而通常使用的洛伦兹介电常数只能模拟光学共振。此外，发射器的线宽采用了周围的光学局部态密度（LDOS）。为了证明这一点，我们成功地用文献中的著名例子对我们的方法进行了基准测试。
{"title":"A tiny Drude scatterer can accurately model a coherent emitter in nanophotonics","authors":"Felix Binkowski, Sven Burger, Günter Kewes","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0170","url":null,"abstract":"We add a missing element to the set of <jats:italic>directly</jats:italic> computable scenarios of light-matter-interaction within classical numerical Maxwell solvers, i.e., light scattering from hybrid systems of resonators and individual Fourier-limited emitters. In particular, individual emitters are incorporated as tiny polarizable and resonant spherical scatterers. This emitter model is based on well-known extremal properties of Mie modes. The spherical emitter is made from an artificial Drude metal with <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\"> <m:mi>ϵ</m:mi> <m:mrow> <m:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</m:mo> <m:mrow> <m:mi>ω</m:mi> </m:mrow> <m:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</m:mo> </m:mrow> <m:mo>=</m:mo> <m:msub> <m:mrow> <m:mi>ϵ</m:mi> </m:mrow> <m:mrow> <m:mi>b</m:mi> </m:mrow> </m:msub> <m:mo>−</m:mo> <m:msubsup> <m:mrow> <m:mi>ω</m:mi> </m:mrow> <m:mrow> <m:mi>p</m:mi> </m:mrow> <m:mrow> <m:mn>2</m:mn> </m:mrow> </m:msubsup> <m:mo>/</m:mo> <m:mrow> <m:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</m:mo> <m:mrow> <m:msup> <m:mrow> <m:mi>ω</m:mi> </m:mrow> <m:mrow> <m:mn>2</m:mn> </m:mrow> </m:msup> <m:mo>+</m:mo> <m:mi>i</m:mi> <m:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">Γ</m:mi> <m:mi>ω</m:mi> </m:mrow> <m:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</m:mo> </m:mrow> </m:math> <jats:tex-math>${epsilon}(omega )={{epsilon}}_{b}-{omega }_{p}^{2}/({omega }^{2}+i{Gamma }omega )$</jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic/j_nanoph-2024-0170_ineq_001.png\"/> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula>. By tuning <jats:italic>ϵ</jats:italic> <jats:sub> <jats:italic>b</jats:italic> </jats:sub> and <jats:italic>ω</jats:italic> <jats:sub> <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> </jats:sub> we adjust the resonance frequency and the Fourier-limited linewidth and by adjusting Γ we may add non-radiative damping or dephasing. This approach automatically reproduces the ideal text book coherent scattering cross-section of Fourier-limited two level quantum systems of <jats:italic>σ</jats:italic> <jats:sub>0</jats:sub> = 3<jats:italic>λ</jats:italic> <jats:sup>2</jats:sup>/(2<jats:italic>πϵ</jats:italic> <jats:sub>out</jats:sub>) which is not possible with typically used Lorentz permittivities which only mimic optical resonances. Further, the emitter’s linewidth adopts to the surrounding optical local density of states (LDOS). To demonstrate this we successfully benchmark our approach with prominent examples from the literature.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142084779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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