Morphologiai es igazsagugyi orvosi szemle最新文献

Interaction of monocytes and endothelial cells were examined by acridine orange reaction in arteries of normotensive and hypertonic rats. The method is suitable for electron microscope study of DNA template activity. Activity of gen was compared in surface bound and subendothelial and in nonadhesive endothelial cells bound to monocyte. Acridine orange positivity, indicative of genic activity, was not found in few monocytes adhered in arteries of normotensive animals, while 62% of adhesive monocytes of hypertonic and 86% of ones accessed to endothelial space contained the products of acridine-orange-chromatin reaction in its nuclear, showing with it the gene derepression quickly ensuing in acute hypertensive vascular lesions. Only 2% of endothelial cells of pseudo-operated normotensive animals showed acridine orange positivity, while 17% of endothelial cells of hypertonic animals were positive. In the latter animals, 57% of endothelial cells showed acridine orange positivity, if monocytes adhered to their surface. In 84% of monocyte-endothelial pairs connected to each other, the nuclei have activity of same sign. Results show intensive activation of genes of monocytes in relation with adhesion and migration to vascular wall. Presumably, both hypertonia and monocyte adhesion have contributed to the increase of template activity of endothelial cells.

Author evaluates cardiac and pulmonary changes developed by environmental pollution, from the point of view of forensic expert. The myocardium and parenchyma are the target organs of multicasual damages. Attention is called to the role of forensic expert in prevention of environmental damages and in the evaluation of the effects.

Authors elaborated 35 surgically removed tumors of liver by morphological and biochemical methods. From tumors 5 proved to be hepatocellular adenoma (HCA), 12 to focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) and 18 to hepatocellular cancer (HCC). On the basis of enzyme histochemical and biochemical examinations, HCA is characterised by "normal" enzyme pattern. By the above method, FNH can be divided into two groups, characterized with "normal" and "abnormal" (tumor-like) enzyme change, while HCC proved to be very heterogeneous. Majority of HCA and FNH cases, according to data gained by flow cytometer, were of diploid DNA content. In majority of HCC cases, DNA diploid was aneuploid, but in three cases normal DNA content was observed. The above mentioned examination revealed several different characteristics of human hepatic tumors, compared to experimentally created tumors of liver.

Authors have studied 153 heart biopsies of 120 patients and results of 133 endomyocardial biopsies studied by light and electron microscopy are described. In addition to typical morphological picture of myocarditis, in majority of cases non-specific changes appearing also in idiopathic cardiomyopathy were observed and their ultrastructure is fully stated. Results are compared to relevant data of literature. Indications, informative value, practical and scientific research significance of myocardial biopsies are briefly overviewed.

Authors studied with immunohistochemical methods the immunoglobulin content of plasma cells during the rejection of renal grafts, in different rejections, in Cyclosporin-A nephro-toxicity and in chronic interstitial nephritis, as a comparison. By far the most plasma cells occurred in chronic rejection, containing more than 80% IgG. Whereas great majority of plasma cells were IgG positive in chronic interstitial nephritis. Probably, in chronic rejection a special, secondary type humoral immune reaction has a significant role in addition to cellular immune mechanisms.

Heart development, its morphological and functional development prior the start of blood circulation were compared in chicken and mouse embryos. At beginning of neurula stage, when also somites appear, the cardiogenic mesoderm forms into tissue of epithelial type and cardiac plate is developed in wall of pleuroperitoneal cavity. In conjugated cardiac plate, primordial cardiac cavity fundaments appear in the about 30-hour old chicken embryo with 6-7 somites. First myoblasts (and spontaneous action potentials) can be observed in the ventricular part of embryos with 7 somites. Hence, muscular differentiation is expanded to atrial section. In embryo with 9-10 somites straight cardiac tube is developed, its ventricular section pulsates feebly, but it is unable for blood circulation yet. Pacemaker tissue of cardiac tube is in the atrium. At the end of second day the first curvature of heart appears and myocytes of venous sinus become pacemaker. At the end of neurula stage the blood circulation starts in two-day old embryo with 16 somites. Development of heart of mammalian embryos differs in several aspects from cardiac development of avian ambryos. In mammals transformation and differentiation of cells in cardiac plate and primordial cardiac fundaments have a cranio-caudal trend and in nearly same developmental stage as in chicken. In mouse circulation is started by curved cardiac tube of embryo with 10-12 somites (eight and half day old) at the end of neurala stage.

Authors studied the dispersion of immunoreactive HSPG with monoclonal antibody specific to protein nucleus of HSPG in renal diseases associated with nephrosis syndrome. Their results showed that the dispersion of HSPG in GBM does not fully agree with dispersion of anion linkage places known in literature. In membrane and diffuse proliferative lupus glomerulonephritis immunoreactive HSPG cannot be demonstrated in the place of immune deposits, concurrent with dispersion of anion places, while it appears in GBM newly developed round the deposits. Inconsistent with this, in glomerulonephritis having minimal changes, the anion loss of GBM is not associated with absence of nuclear protein, the immunoreactive HSPG remains intact. These observations reflected in literature indicate that--similarly to proteinuria--presumably, deficiency of anion linkage places of GBM is caused by different pathomechanisms.

Imprints of haematoxilin-eosin and Giemsa-stained, 33 surgically removed different intracranial tumors were examined. In case of sufficient number of cells and adequate clinical data, the cytological examination was suitable to quick intraoperative diagnosis in majority of cases. Its demonstration on GFAP smear facilitates the diagnosing of gliomas.

Diagnosis of glomerulonephritis (GN) is rare among diabetics and few data relevant to this issue can be found in literature. In Institute of Pathology of "Szent-Györgyi Albert" University of Medicine the presence of GN was found in cases during the examination of renal biopsy material of 36 diabetics. All patients have suffered from diabetes mellitus of 2nd type and of less than 10 year existence, requiring no insulin treatment. In 2 cases diffuse diabetic glomerulosclerosis associated with GN. It is emphasized that kidney biopsy and its complex--light and electronmicroscopic and immunhistological--examination are essential to the diagnosis of GN of diabetics.

In non-tumorous adenohypophysis and in adenomas of adenohypophysis of rats the GN and PRL producing bihormonal mammosomatotroph cells were demonstrated by double marked immune-gold immuno-electronmicroscopic examinations. Cytogenesis and regulation of these cells are known, their clearing up is expected. Further examinations are needed to elicit, whether mammosototroph cells may occur also in nontumorous human adenohypophysises.