Pub Date : 2025-01-03DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01597-w
Peter Pfleiderer, Thomas L. Frölicher, Chahan M. Kropf, Robin D. Lamboll, Quentin Lejeune, Tiago Capela Lourenço, Fabien Maussion, Jamie W. McCaughey, Yann Quilcaille, Joeri Rogelj, Benjamin Sanderson, Lilian Schuster, Jana Sillmann, Chris Smith, Emily Theokritoff, Carl-Friedrich Schleussner
Escalating impacts of climate change underscore the risks posed by crossing potentially irreversible Earth and socioecological system thresholds and adaptation limits. However, limitations in the provision of actionable climate information may hinder an anticipatory response. Here we suggest a reversal of the traditional impact chain methodology as an end-user focused approach linking specific climate risk thresholds, including at the local level, to emissions pathways. We outline the socioeconomic and value judgement dimensions that can inform the identification of such risk thresholds. The applicability of the approach is highlighted by three examples that estimate the required CO2 emissions constraints to avoid critical levels of health-related heat risks in Berlin, fire weather in Portugal and glacier mass loss in High Mountain Asia. We argue that linking risk threshold exceedance directly to global emissions benchmarks can aid the understanding of the benefits of stringent emissions reductions for societies and local decision-makers. Providing actionable climate information requires an end-user focused approach that links specific local climate risk thresholds with global emissions pathways.
{"title":"Reversal of the impact chain for actionable climate information","authors":"Peter Pfleiderer, Thomas L. Frölicher, Chahan M. Kropf, Robin D. Lamboll, Quentin Lejeune, Tiago Capela Lourenço, Fabien Maussion, Jamie W. McCaughey, Yann Quilcaille, Joeri Rogelj, Benjamin Sanderson, Lilian Schuster, Jana Sillmann, Chris Smith, Emily Theokritoff, Carl-Friedrich Schleussner","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01597-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01597-w","url":null,"abstract":"Escalating impacts of climate change underscore the risks posed by crossing potentially irreversible Earth and socioecological system thresholds and adaptation limits. However, limitations in the provision of actionable climate information may hinder an anticipatory response. Here we suggest a reversal of the traditional impact chain methodology as an end-user focused approach linking specific climate risk thresholds, including at the local level, to emissions pathways. We outline the socioeconomic and value judgement dimensions that can inform the identification of such risk thresholds. The applicability of the approach is highlighted by three examples that estimate the required CO2 emissions constraints to avoid critical levels of health-related heat risks in Berlin, fire weather in Portugal and glacier mass loss in High Mountain Asia. We argue that linking risk threshold exceedance directly to global emissions benchmarks can aid the understanding of the benefits of stringent emissions reductions for societies and local decision-makers. Providing actionable climate information requires an end-user focused approach that links specific local climate risk thresholds with global emissions pathways.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 1","pages":"10-19"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142916834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-03DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01606-y
Peyman Babakhani, Andrew W. Dale, Clare Woulds, Oliver W. Moore, Ke-Qing Xiao, Lisa Curti, Caroline L. Peacock
Controls on organic carbon preservation in marine sediments remain controversial but crucial for understanding past and future climate dynamics. Here we develop a conceptual-mathematical model to determine the key processes for the preservation of organic carbon. The model considers the major processes involved in the breakdown of organic carbon, including dissolved organic carbon hydrolysis, mixing, remineralization, mineral sorption and molecular transformation. This allows redefining of burial efficiency as preservation efficiency, which considers both particulate organic carbon and mineral-phase organic carbon. We show that preservation efficiency is almost three times higher than the conventionally defined burial efficiency and reconciles predictions with global field data. Kinetic sorption and transformation are the dominant controls on organic carbon preservation. We conclude that a synergistic effect between kinetic sorption and molecular transformation (geopolymerization) creates a mineral shuttle in which mineral-phase organic carbon is protected from remineralization in the surface sediment and released at depth. The results explain why transformed organic carbon persists over long timescales and increases with depth. Kinetic sorption and transformation are primary controls on organic carbon preservation in marine sediments, according to reactive transport model simulations of the cycling and breakdown of particulate and mineral-phase organic carbon.
{"title":"Preservation of organic carbon in marine sediments sustained by sorption and transformation processes","authors":"Peyman Babakhani, Andrew W. Dale, Clare Woulds, Oliver W. Moore, Ke-Qing Xiao, Lisa Curti, Caroline L. Peacock","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01606-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01606-y","url":null,"abstract":"Controls on organic carbon preservation in marine sediments remain controversial but crucial for understanding past and future climate dynamics. Here we develop a conceptual-mathematical model to determine the key processes for the preservation of organic carbon. The model considers the major processes involved in the breakdown of organic carbon, including dissolved organic carbon hydrolysis, mixing, remineralization, mineral sorption and molecular transformation. This allows redefining of burial efficiency as preservation efficiency, which considers both particulate organic carbon and mineral-phase organic carbon. We show that preservation efficiency is almost three times higher than the conventionally defined burial efficiency and reconciles predictions with global field data. Kinetic sorption and transformation are the dominant controls on organic carbon preservation. We conclude that a synergistic effect between kinetic sorption and molecular transformation (geopolymerization) creates a mineral shuttle in which mineral-phase organic carbon is protected from remineralization in the surface sediment and released at depth. The results explain why transformed organic carbon persists over long timescales and increases with depth. Kinetic sorption and transformation are primary controls on organic carbon preservation in marine sediments, according to reactive transport model simulations of the cycling and breakdown of particulate and mineral-phase organic carbon.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 1","pages":"78-83"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-024-01606-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142916833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-03DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01619-7
Hubertus Fischer, Andrea Burke, James Rae, Patrick J. Sugden, Tobias Erhardt, Birthe Twarloh, Maria Hörhold, Johannes Freitag, Bradley Markle, Mirko Severi, Margareta Hansson, Joel Savarino, Helena Pryer, Emily Doyle, Eric Wolff
Productivity in the Pleistocene glacial Southern Ocean was probably enhanced owing to iron fertilization by aeolian dust. Marine sediments indicate such an increase north of the modern Antarctic Polar Front but reduced biogenic activity south of it. However, quantitative estimates for the integrated net effect are difficult to obtain. Here we use the SO42− isotopic composition and other geochemical ice core records from the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean to reconstruct net changes in integrated biogenic sulfur productivity in the surface ocean over the penultimate glacial termination. We show that biogenic SO42− aerosol contributes 58% and 85% to the sulfate budget in Dronning Maud Land during glacial and interglacial times, respectively, and that biogenic sulfate is derived predominately from the seasonal sea ice zone. Using our quantitative reconstruction of biogenic aerosol production in the Southern Ocean source region, we show that the average biogenic sulfate production integrated over the Atlantic sector was 16% higher in the penultimate glacial 137,000–153,000 years ago compared with the later Last Interglacial 120,000–125,000 years ago. An intermittent decrease in productivity observed during early peak interglacial warming suggests that a reduction in the seasonal sea ice zone may disrupt Southern Ocean ecosystems.
{"title":"Limited decrease of Southern Ocean sulfur productivity across the penultimate termination","authors":"Hubertus Fischer, Andrea Burke, James Rae, Patrick J. Sugden, Tobias Erhardt, Birthe Twarloh, Maria Hörhold, Johannes Freitag, Bradley Markle, Mirko Severi, Margareta Hansson, Joel Savarino, Helena Pryer, Emily Doyle, Eric Wolff","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01619-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-024-01619-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Productivity in the Pleistocene glacial Southern Ocean was probably enhanced owing to iron fertilization by aeolian dust. Marine sediments indicate such an increase north of the modern Antarctic Polar Front but reduced biogenic activity south of it. However, quantitative estimates for the integrated net effect are difficult to obtain. Here we use the SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> isotopic composition and other geochemical ice core records from the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean to reconstruct net changes in integrated biogenic sulfur productivity in the surface ocean over the penultimate glacial termination. We show that biogenic SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> aerosol contributes 58% and 85% to the sulfate budget in Dronning Maud Land during glacial and interglacial times, respectively, and that biogenic sulfate is derived predominately from the seasonal sea ice zone. Using our quantitative reconstruction of biogenic aerosol production in the Southern Ocean source region, we show that the average biogenic sulfate production integrated over the Atlantic sector was 16% higher in the penultimate glacial 137,000–153,000 years ago compared with the later Last Interglacial 120,000–125,000 years ago. An intermittent decrease in productivity observed during early peak interglacial warming suggests that a reduction in the seasonal sea ice zone may disrupt Southern Ocean ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142916835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-03DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01614-y
Nancy L. Freitas, Katey Walter Anthony, Josefine Lenz, Rachel C. Porras, Margaret S. Torn
Thermokarst lakes cause abrupt and sustained permafrost degradation and have the potential to release large quantities of ancient carbon to the atmosphere. Despite concerns about how lakes will affect the permafrost carbon feedback, the magnitude of carbon dioxide and methane emissions from deep permafrost soils remains poorly understood. Here we incubated a very deep sediment core (20 m) to constrain the potential productivity of thawed Yedoma and underlying Quaternary sand and gravel deposits. Through radiocarbon dating, sediment incubations and sediment facies classifications, we show that extensive permafrost thaw can occur beneath lakes on timescales of decades to centuries. Although it has been assumed that shallow, aerobic carbon dioxide production will dominate the climate impact of permafrost thaw, we found that anaerobic carbon dioxide and methane production from deep sediments was commensurate with aerobic production on a per gram carbon basis, and had double the global warming potential at warmer temperatures. Carbon release from deep Arctic sediments may thus have a more substantial impact on a changing climate than currently anticipated. These environments are presently overlooked in estimates of the permafrost carbon feedback. Deep permafrost soils produce comparable amounts of greenhouse gases as shallow soils in response to warming, according to incubation experiments of deep Arctic lake sediments.
{"title":"Substantial and overlooked greenhouse gas emissions from deep Arctic lake sediment","authors":"Nancy L. Freitas, Katey Walter Anthony, Josefine Lenz, Rachel C. Porras, Margaret S. Torn","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01614-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01614-y","url":null,"abstract":"Thermokarst lakes cause abrupt and sustained permafrost degradation and have the potential to release large quantities of ancient carbon to the atmosphere. Despite concerns about how lakes will affect the permafrost carbon feedback, the magnitude of carbon dioxide and methane emissions from deep permafrost soils remains poorly understood. Here we incubated a very deep sediment core (20 m) to constrain the potential productivity of thawed Yedoma and underlying Quaternary sand and gravel deposits. Through radiocarbon dating, sediment incubations and sediment facies classifications, we show that extensive permafrost thaw can occur beneath lakes on timescales of decades to centuries. Although it has been assumed that shallow, aerobic carbon dioxide production will dominate the climate impact of permafrost thaw, we found that anaerobic carbon dioxide and methane production from deep sediments was commensurate with aerobic production on a per gram carbon basis, and had double the global warming potential at warmer temperatures. Carbon release from deep Arctic sediments may thus have a more substantial impact on a changing climate than currently anticipated. These environments are presently overlooked in estimates of the permafrost carbon feedback. Deep permafrost soils produce comparable amounts of greenhouse gases as shallow soils in response to warming, according to incubation experiments of deep Arctic lake sediments.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 1","pages":"65-71"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-024-01614-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142916871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-02DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01608-w
Momei Qin, Yongliang She, Ming Wang, Hongli Wang, Yunhua Chang, Zhaofeng Tan, Jingyu An, Jian Huang, Zibing Yuan, Jun Lu, Qian Wang, Cong Liu, Zhenxin Liu, Xiaodong Xie, Jingyi Li, Hong Liao, Havala O. T. Pye, Cheng Huang, Song Guo, Min Hu, Yuanhang Zhang, Daniel J. Jacob, Jianlin Hu
Urban ozone (O3) pollution correlates with temperature, and higher O3 often occurs during heatwaves, threatening public health. However, limited data on how anthropogenic volatile organic compound (AVOC) precursor emissions vary with temperature hinders understanding their impact on O3. Here we show that the increase in non-combustion AVOC emissions (for example, from volatile chemical products) during a heatwave in Shanghai contributes significantly to increased O3, on the basis of ambient measurements, emissions testing and air quality modelling. AVOC concentrations increase ~twofold when the temperature increases from 25 °C to 35 °C due to air stagnation and increased emissions. During the heatwave, higher concentrations result in an 82% increase in VOC OH reactivity. Air quality simulations reveal that temperature-driven AVOC emissions increases account for 8% (1.6 s–1) of this reactivity increase and enhance O3 by 4.6 ppb. Moreover, we predict a more profound (twofold) increase in OH reactivity of oxygenated VOCs, facilitating radical production and O3 formation. Enhanced AVOC emissions trigger O3 enhancements in large cities in East China during a heatwave, and similar effects may also happen in other AVOC-sensitive megacities globally. Reducing AVOC emissions, particularly non-combustion sources, which are currently less understood and regulated, could mitigate potential O3 pollution in urban environments during heatwaves. Ozone pollution is enhanced by increased non-combustion anthropogenic volatile organic compound emissions during heatwaves, according to atmospheric measurements and modelling of ozone concentrations in a heatwave in Shanghai.
{"title":"Increased urban ozone in heatwaves due to temperature-induced emissions of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds","authors":"Momei Qin, Yongliang She, Ming Wang, Hongli Wang, Yunhua Chang, Zhaofeng Tan, Jingyu An, Jian Huang, Zibing Yuan, Jun Lu, Qian Wang, Cong Liu, Zhenxin Liu, Xiaodong Xie, Jingyi Li, Hong Liao, Havala O. T. Pye, Cheng Huang, Song Guo, Min Hu, Yuanhang Zhang, Daniel J. Jacob, Jianlin Hu","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01608-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01608-w","url":null,"abstract":"Urban ozone (O3) pollution correlates with temperature, and higher O3 often occurs during heatwaves, threatening public health. However, limited data on how anthropogenic volatile organic compound (AVOC) precursor emissions vary with temperature hinders understanding their impact on O3. Here we show that the increase in non-combustion AVOC emissions (for example, from volatile chemical products) during a heatwave in Shanghai contributes significantly to increased O3, on the basis of ambient measurements, emissions testing and air quality modelling. AVOC concentrations increase ~twofold when the temperature increases from 25 °C to 35 °C due to air stagnation and increased emissions. During the heatwave, higher concentrations result in an 82% increase in VOC OH reactivity. Air quality simulations reveal that temperature-driven AVOC emissions increases account for 8% (1.6 s–1) of this reactivity increase and enhance O3 by 4.6 ppb. Moreover, we predict a more profound (twofold) increase in OH reactivity of oxygenated VOCs, facilitating radical production and O3 formation. Enhanced AVOC emissions trigger O3 enhancements in large cities in East China during a heatwave, and similar effects may also happen in other AVOC-sensitive megacities globally. Reducing AVOC emissions, particularly non-combustion sources, which are currently less understood and regulated, could mitigate potential O3 pollution in urban environments during heatwaves. Ozone pollution is enhanced by increased non-combustion anthropogenic volatile organic compound emissions during heatwaves, according to atmospheric measurements and modelling of ozone concentrations in a heatwave in Shanghai.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 1","pages":"50-56"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142911921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-27DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01622-y
Rebecca A. Lybrand
Chemical, physical and biological forces all act to weather minerals. Rebecca Lybrand explores how mineral transformations are ubiquitous in the environment and in our daily lives.
{"title":"Stories of mineral transformation","authors":"Rebecca A. Lybrand","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01622-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01622-y","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical, physical and biological forces all act to weather minerals. Rebecca Lybrand explores how mineral transformations are ubiquitous in the environment and in our daily lives.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 1","pages":"7-7"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142888403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-19DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01615-x
Danita S. Brandt
{"title":"A case for pronunciation guides for place names in scientific publications","authors":"Danita S. Brandt","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01615-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01615-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 1","pages":"2-2"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142849633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-18DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01625-9
Rachel E. Bernard, Emily H. G. Cooperdock
{"title":"Author Correction: No progress on diversity in 40 years","authors":"Rachel E. Bernard, Emily H. G. Cooperdock","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01625-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01625-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 1","pages":"106-106"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-024-01625-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142840866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-18DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01620-0
Natalia Llopis Monferrer
The intense, efficient transfer of organic carbon from the surface to the deep Southern Ocean make it a key component of the global carbon cycle. Observations show that this process isn’t always driven by sinking diatom skeletons, which often don’t make it past the mid-depth twilight zone, challenging the understanding of how climate change may impact the region.
{"title":"Polar diatoms fade in the twilight zone","authors":"Natalia Llopis Monferrer","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01620-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01620-0","url":null,"abstract":"The intense, efficient transfer of organic carbon from the surface to the deep Southern Ocean make it a key component of the global carbon cycle. Observations show that this process isn’t always driven by sinking diatom skeletons, which often don’t make it past the mid-depth twilight zone, challenging the understanding of how climate change may impact the region.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 1","pages":"5-6"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142841004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-16DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01601-3
Stefan Farsang, Zoltán Zajacz
The sulfur species present in magmatic fluids affect the global redox cycle, the Earth’s climate and the formation of some of the largest and most economic ore deposits of critical metals. However, the speciation of sulfur under conditions that are relevant for upper crustal magma reservoirs is unclear. Here we combine a prototype pressure vessel apparatus and Raman spectroscopy to determine sulfur speciation in arc magmatic fluid analogues in situ over a range of geologically relevant pressure–temperature–redox conditions. We find that HS−, H2S and SO2 are the main sulfur species in the experimental fluids, while the concentrations of S6+ species and S2− and S3− sulfur radical ions are negligible, in contrast to previous experimental work. The measured gold solubilities in the experimental fluids are highest when sulfur is dominantly present as HS− and H2S species and greatly exceed thermodynamic predictions. Our results imply that HS−, rather than sulfur radicals, accounts for the high solubilities of gold in magmatic–hydrothermal fluids. We also find that magmatic sulfur degassing is a redox process under oxidizing conditions and may lead to additional magma oxidation beyond that imparted by slab-derived fluxes and crystallization. There are three dominant sulfur species present in arc magmatic fluids: HS−, H2S and SO2. HS− controls the mobilization and transport of gold in arc magmatic–hydrothermal systems, according to in situ experiments on arc magmatic fluid analogues.
{"title":"Sulfur species and gold transport in arc magmatic fluids","authors":"Stefan Farsang, Zoltán Zajacz","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01601-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01601-3","url":null,"abstract":"The sulfur species present in magmatic fluids affect the global redox cycle, the Earth’s climate and the formation of some of the largest and most economic ore deposits of critical metals. However, the speciation of sulfur under conditions that are relevant for upper crustal magma reservoirs is unclear. Here we combine a prototype pressure vessel apparatus and Raman spectroscopy to determine sulfur speciation in arc magmatic fluid analogues in situ over a range of geologically relevant pressure–temperature–redox conditions. We find that HS−, H2S and SO2 are the main sulfur species in the experimental fluids, while the concentrations of S6+ species and S2− and S3− sulfur radical ions are negligible, in contrast to previous experimental work. The measured gold solubilities in the experimental fluids are highest when sulfur is dominantly present as HS− and H2S species and greatly exceed thermodynamic predictions. Our results imply that HS−, rather than sulfur radicals, accounts for the high solubilities of gold in magmatic–hydrothermal fluids. We also find that magmatic sulfur degassing is a redox process under oxidizing conditions and may lead to additional magma oxidation beyond that imparted by slab-derived fluxes and crystallization. There are three dominant sulfur species present in arc magmatic fluids: HS−, H2S and SO2. HS− controls the mobilization and transport of gold in arc magmatic–hydrothermal systems, according to in situ experiments on arc magmatic fluid analogues.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 1","pages":"98-104"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-024-01601-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142825112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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