Pub Date : 2025-01-24DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01631-x
Lu Wang, Junxia Huang, Patricia Sanmartín, Patrick Di Martino, Fasi Wu, Clara Enza Urzì, Ji-Dong Gu, Xiaobo Liu
Biofilms on the surface of outdoor stone heritage contribute to either biodeterioration or bioprotection. We suggest that halting biofilm activity by limiting biologically available water shifts geomicrobiological development towards bioprotection.
{"title":"Water determines geomicrobiological impact on stone heritage","authors":"Lu Wang, Junxia Huang, Patricia Sanmartín, Patrick Di Martino, Fasi Wu, Clara Enza Urzì, Ji-Dong Gu, Xiaobo Liu","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01631-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01631-x","url":null,"abstract":"Biofilms on the surface of outdoor stone heritage contribute to either biodeterioration or bioprotection. We suggest that halting biofilm activity by limiting biologically available water shifts geomicrobiological development towards bioprotection.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 2","pages":"108-111"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143026619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-24DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01638-y
Sam J. Leuthold, Jennifer L. Soong, Rebecca J. Even, M. Francesca Cotrufo
The stabilization of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) from organic inputs in soil organic matter constitutes a critical process in ecosystem biogeochemistry, yet the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Several frameworks have been proposed to explain particulate- and mineral-associated organic matter persistence, but a lack of long-term data has stymied their reconciliation. Here we present the results of an in-field incubation in a grassland in Kansas, USA, that followed 13C- and 15N-labelled plant litter and pyrogenic organic matter through the decomposition process and into soil organic matter fractions over the course of a decade. At the end of the experiment, 7.0% and 24.2% of the initial litter C and N, respectively, remained in the soil, while 60.8% and 54.4% of the initial pyrogenic organic matter C and N, respectively, remained. Litter-derived mineral-associated organic matter formed within the first year of litter decomposition, and 10-year sampling revealed that it had persisted relatively unchanged, in terms of both litter-derived C stocks and C:N ratio. These results provide further evidence that mineral-associated organic matter is stabilized via the sorption of soluble inputs and suggest that stabilization and persistence can occur largely independent of particulate organic matter dynamics.
{"title":"Decadal persistence of grassland soil organic matter derived from litter and pyrogenic inputs","authors":"Sam J. Leuthold, Jennifer L. Soong, Rebecca J. Even, M. Francesca Cotrufo","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01638-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-025-01638-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The stabilization of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) from organic inputs in soil organic matter constitutes a critical process in ecosystem biogeochemistry, yet the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Several frameworks have been proposed to explain particulate- and mineral-associated organic matter persistence, but a lack of long-term data has stymied their reconciliation. Here we present the results of an in-field incubation in a grassland in Kansas, USA, that followed <sup>13</sup>C- and <sup>15</sup>N-labelled plant litter and pyrogenic organic matter through the decomposition process and into soil organic matter fractions over the course of a decade. At the end of the experiment, 7.0% and 24.2% of the initial litter C and N, respectively, remained in the soil, while 60.8% and 54.4% of the initial pyrogenic organic matter C and N, respectively, remained. Litter-derived mineral-associated organic matter formed within the first year of litter decomposition, and 10-year sampling revealed that it had persisted relatively unchanged, in terms of both litter-derived C stocks and C:N ratio. These results provide further evidence that mineral-associated organic matter is stabilized via the sorption of soluble inputs and suggest that stabilization and persistence can occur largely independent of particulate organic matter dynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143026621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-24DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01632-w
S. Caliro, G. Chiodini, R. Avino, A. Carandente, E. Cuoco, M. A. Di Vito, C. Minopoli, F. Rufino, A. Santi, J. Lages, A. Mangiacapra, B. Monteleone, L. Pappalardo, Z. Taracsák, C. Tramati, S. Vizzini, A. Aiuppa
Calderas are depressions formed by some of the largest volcanic eruptions. Their long-lived inter-eruptive periods are occasionally interrupted by phases of unrest, in which escalating seismicity, ground deformation and gas emissions raise concerns of potential volcano reawakening. However, interpretation of such physico-chemical signals is complicated by few examples of monitored unrest that culminated into eruption and by our fragmentary understanding of the drivers and timescales of caldera reactivation. Here we show that multi-decadal gas observations at the restless Campi Flegrei caldera in Italy record an unprecedented increase in isotopically light sulfur release from fumaroles since 2018. We then use hydrothermal gas equilibria and numerical simulations of magmatic degassing to propose that such a change in sulfur emissions results from decompression-driven degassing of mafic magma at ≥6 km depth, along with some extent of sulfur remobilization from hydrothermal minerals. Examination of a global dataset indicates that, despite the diversity in eruptive behaviour and tectonic setting, increasing sulfur output may be a common process during unrest escalation at calderas generally. Hence, our observations and models of sulfur behaviour may inform interpretations of unrest and hazard assessment at reawakening calderas and hydrothermal active volcanoes worldwide. The recent increase in isotopically light sulfur emissions from Campi Flegrei (Italy) is probably the result of degassing magma at ≥6 km depth and could be an indicator of caldera reawakening generally, according to observations and simulations.
{"title":"Escalation of caldera unrest indicated by increasing emission of isotopically light sulfur","authors":"S. Caliro, G. Chiodini, R. Avino, A. Carandente, E. Cuoco, M. A. Di Vito, C. Minopoli, F. Rufino, A. Santi, J. Lages, A. Mangiacapra, B. Monteleone, L. Pappalardo, Z. Taracsák, C. Tramati, S. Vizzini, A. Aiuppa","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01632-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01632-w","url":null,"abstract":"Calderas are depressions formed by some of the largest volcanic eruptions. Their long-lived inter-eruptive periods are occasionally interrupted by phases of unrest, in which escalating seismicity, ground deformation and gas emissions raise concerns of potential volcano reawakening. However, interpretation of such physico-chemical signals is complicated by few examples of monitored unrest that culminated into eruption and by our fragmentary understanding of the drivers and timescales of caldera reactivation. Here we show that multi-decadal gas observations at the restless Campi Flegrei caldera in Italy record an unprecedented increase in isotopically light sulfur release from fumaroles since 2018. We then use hydrothermal gas equilibria and numerical simulations of magmatic degassing to propose that such a change in sulfur emissions results from decompression-driven degassing of mafic magma at ≥6 km depth, along with some extent of sulfur remobilization from hydrothermal minerals. Examination of a global dataset indicates that, despite the diversity in eruptive behaviour and tectonic setting, increasing sulfur output may be a common process during unrest escalation at calderas generally. Hence, our observations and models of sulfur behaviour may inform interpretations of unrest and hazard assessment at reawakening calderas and hydrothermal active volcanoes worldwide. The recent increase in isotopically light sulfur emissions from Campi Flegrei (Italy) is probably the result of degassing magma at ≥6 km depth and could be an indicator of caldera reawakening generally, according to observations and simulations.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 2","pages":"167-174"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-024-01632-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143026620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-23DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01630-y
Guanning Pang, Geoffrey A. Abers, Seth C. Moran, Weston A. Thelen
Quantitative estimates of magma storage are fundamental to evaluating volcanic dynamics and hazards. Yet our understanding of subvolcanic magmatic plumbing systems and their variability remains limited. There is ongoing debate regarding the ephemerality of shallow magma storage and its volume relative to eruptive output, and so whether an upper-crustal magma body could be a sign of imminent eruption. Here we present seismic imaging of subvolcanic magmatic systems along the Cascade Range arc from systematically modelling the three-dimensional scattered wavefield of teleseismic body waves. This reveals compelling evidence of low-seismic-velocity bodies indicative of partial melt between 5 and 15 km depth beneath most Cascade Range volcanoes. The magma reservoirs beneath these volcanoes vary in depth, size and complexity, but upper-crustal magma bodies are widespread, irrespective of the eruptive flux or time since the last eruption of the associated volcano. This indicates that large volumes of melts can persist at shallow depth throughout eruption cycles beneath large volcanoes. Upper-crustal magma bodies are present beneath most Cascade Range volcanoes, indicating that large volumes of melt can persist at shallow depth through eruption cycles, according to systematic seismic imaging.
{"title":"Long-lived partial melt beneath Cascade Range volcanoes","authors":"Guanning Pang, Geoffrey A. Abers, Seth C. Moran, Weston A. Thelen","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01630-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01630-y","url":null,"abstract":"Quantitative estimates of magma storage are fundamental to evaluating volcanic dynamics and hazards. Yet our understanding of subvolcanic magmatic plumbing systems and their variability remains limited. There is ongoing debate regarding the ephemerality of shallow magma storage and its volume relative to eruptive output, and so whether an upper-crustal magma body could be a sign of imminent eruption. Here we present seismic imaging of subvolcanic magmatic systems along the Cascade Range arc from systematically modelling the three-dimensional scattered wavefield of teleseismic body waves. This reveals compelling evidence of low-seismic-velocity bodies indicative of partial melt between 5 and 15 km depth beneath most Cascade Range volcanoes. The magma reservoirs beneath these volcanoes vary in depth, size and complexity, but upper-crustal magma bodies are widespread, irrespective of the eruptive flux or time since the last eruption of the associated volcano. This indicates that large volumes of melts can persist at shallow depth throughout eruption cycles beneath large volcanoes. Upper-crustal magma bodies are present beneath most Cascade Range volcanoes, indicating that large volumes of melt can persist at shallow depth through eruption cycles, according to systematic seismic imaging.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 2","pages":"184-190"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143020453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-23DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01635-7
Robert A. B. Mason, Yves-Marie Bozec, Peter J. Mumby
Influential projections of coral reef futures have used Degree Heating Months—a monthly reformulation of the well-validated Degree Heating Weeks index. Here we show that heat stress predictions using the 2 metrics differ substantially, with 33–1,584% additional bleaching predicted under many climate models when using Degree Heating Months. Coral cover projections for 2030–2050 differ by a factor of 2 between the 2 metrics, reducing the credibility of forecasts that use Degree Heating Months as it is currently applied. Coral bleaching and mortality are substantially overestimated in most model projections that are based on Degree Heating Months instead of Degree Heating Weeks, calling into question results generated using Degree Heating Months.
{"title":"Coral bleaching and mortality overestimated in projections based on Degree Heating Months","authors":"Robert A. B. Mason, Yves-Marie Bozec, Peter J. Mumby","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01635-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01635-7","url":null,"abstract":"Influential projections of coral reef futures have used Degree Heating Months—a monthly reformulation of the well-validated Degree Heating Weeks index. Here we show that heat stress predictions using the 2 metrics differ substantially, with 33–1,584% additional bleaching predicted under many climate models when using Degree Heating Months. Coral cover projections for 2030–2050 differ by a factor of 2 between the 2 metrics, reducing the credibility of forecasts that use Degree Heating Months as it is currently applied. Coral bleaching and mortality are substantially overestimated in most model projections that are based on Degree Heating Months instead of Degree Heating Weeks, calling into question results generated using Degree Heating Months.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 2","pages":"120-123"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-024-01635-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143020451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-20DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01634-8
Joseph D. McNeil, Peter Fawdon, Matthew R. Balme, Angela L. Coe, Javier Cuadros, Stuart M. R. Turner
The Mawrth Vallis region is a plateau situated on the highland side of Mars’ hemispheric dichotomy boundary. It has a >200-m-thick phyllosilicate-bearing stratigraphic succession that indicates extensive aqueous alteration between 4.1 Ga and 3.7 Ga, during the Noachian Period. In addition, thousands of kilometre-scale isolated mounds in the lowlands north and west of Mawrth Vallis have been identified. Here we use geomorphological and spectroscopic analyses to show that the mounds are erosional remnants that formed through retreat of the highland plateau in the Noachian. Consequently, the escarpment that marks the surface expression of the dichotomy must have receded south-southeast by hundreds of kilometres in this area. Lateral and stratigraphic geochemical variation in the mounds show that widespread, multiphase aqueous alteration occurred in situ across this region in surface and subsurface environments. The mound succession is underlain by a pyroxene-rich unit that represents unaltered material below the regional phyllosilicate-bearing sequence and is unconformably overlain by a thin capping unit that marks the end of large-scale regional aqueous activity. Thus, the mounds contain a stratigraphic record of the onset, evolution and cessation of Noachian aqueous conditions in this region, detailing the environment and climate of Mars at its most habitable. The Martian dichotomy boundary receded hundreds of kilometres in the Mawrth Vallis region and left behind mounds that record changing aqueous conditions during the Noachian (4.1–3.7 Ga), according to a geomorphological and spectroscopic study.
{"title":"Dichotomy retreat and aqueous alteration on Noachian Mars recorded in highland remnants","authors":"Joseph D. McNeil, Peter Fawdon, Matthew R. Balme, Angela L. Coe, Javier Cuadros, Stuart M. R. Turner","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01634-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01634-8","url":null,"abstract":"The Mawrth Vallis region is a plateau situated on the highland side of Mars’ hemispheric dichotomy boundary. It has a >200-m-thick phyllosilicate-bearing stratigraphic succession that indicates extensive aqueous alteration between 4.1 Ga and 3.7 Ga, during the Noachian Period. In addition, thousands of kilometre-scale isolated mounds in the lowlands north and west of Mawrth Vallis have been identified. Here we use geomorphological and spectroscopic analyses to show that the mounds are erosional remnants that formed through retreat of the highland plateau in the Noachian. Consequently, the escarpment that marks the surface expression of the dichotomy must have receded south-southeast by hundreds of kilometres in this area. Lateral and stratigraphic geochemical variation in the mounds show that widespread, multiphase aqueous alteration occurred in situ across this region in surface and subsurface environments. The mound succession is underlain by a pyroxene-rich unit that represents unaltered material below the regional phyllosilicate-bearing sequence and is unconformably overlain by a thin capping unit that marks the end of large-scale regional aqueous activity. Thus, the mounds contain a stratigraphic record of the onset, evolution and cessation of Noachian aqueous conditions in this region, detailing the environment and climate of Mars at its most habitable. The Martian dichotomy boundary receded hundreds of kilometres in the Mawrth Vallis region and left behind mounds that record changing aqueous conditions during the Noachian (4.1–3.7 Ga), according to a geomorphological and spectroscopic study.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 2","pages":"124-132"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-024-01634-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142990030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-16DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01643-1
Xu Han, Jin-Gen Dai, Adam G. G. Smith, Shi-Ying Xu, Bo-Rong Liu, Cheng-Shan Wang, Matthew Fox
{"title":"Author Correction: Recent uplift of Chomolungma enhanced by river drainage piracy","authors":"Xu Han, Jin-Gen Dai, Adam G. G. Smith, Shi-Ying Xu, Bo-Rong Liu, Cheng-Shan Wang, Matthew Fox","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01643-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-025-01643-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 2","pages":"197-197"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-025-01643-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142986481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-15DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01641-3
Andrew J. Hesselbrock, David A. Minton
{"title":"Author Correction: An ongoing satellite–ring cycle of Mars and the origins of Phobos and Deimos","authors":"Andrew J. Hesselbrock, David A. Minton","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01641-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-025-01641-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 2","pages":"197-197"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-025-01641-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142981817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-15DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01626-8
Danica Adams, Markus Scheucher, Renyu Hu, Bethany L. Ehlmann, Trent B. Thomas, Robin Wordsworth, Eva Scheller, Rob Lillis, Kayla Smith, Heike Rauer, Yuk L. Yung
Geological records indicate that the surface of ancient Mars harboured substantial volumes of liquid water, a resource gradually diminished by processes such as the chemical alteration of crustal materials by hydration and atmospheric escape. However, how a relatively warm climate existed on early Mars to support liquid water under a fainter young Sun is debated. Greenhouse gases such as H2 in a CO2-rich atmosphere could have contributed to warming through collision-induced absorption, but whether sufficient H2 was available to sustain warming remains unclear. Here we use a combined climate and photochemical model to simulate how atmospheric chemistry on early Mars responded to water–rock reactions and climate variations, as constrained by existing observations. We find that H2 outgassing from crustal hydration and oxidation, supplemented by transient volcanic activity, could have generated sufficient H2 fluxes to transiently foster warm, humid climates. We estimate that Mars experienced episodic warm periods of an integrated duration of ~40 million years, with each event lasting ≥105 years, consistent with the formation timescale of valley networks. Declining atmospheric CO2 via surface oxidant sinks or variations in the planet’s axial tilt could have led to abrupt shifts in the planet’s redox state and transition to a CO-dominated atmosphere and cold climate. Photochemical modelling suggests that H2 outgassing from crustal hydration could have supported transient warming episodes on early Mars in a CO2-rich atmosphere with abrupt transitions to cold climate states in a CO-rich atmosphere.
{"title":"Episodic warm climates on early Mars primed by crustal hydration","authors":"Danica Adams, Markus Scheucher, Renyu Hu, Bethany L. Ehlmann, Trent B. Thomas, Robin Wordsworth, Eva Scheller, Rob Lillis, Kayla Smith, Heike Rauer, Yuk L. Yung","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01626-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01626-8","url":null,"abstract":"Geological records indicate that the surface of ancient Mars harboured substantial volumes of liquid water, a resource gradually diminished by processes such as the chemical alteration of crustal materials by hydration and atmospheric escape. However, how a relatively warm climate existed on early Mars to support liquid water under a fainter young Sun is debated. Greenhouse gases such as H2 in a CO2-rich atmosphere could have contributed to warming through collision-induced absorption, but whether sufficient H2 was available to sustain warming remains unclear. Here we use a combined climate and photochemical model to simulate how atmospheric chemistry on early Mars responded to water–rock reactions and climate variations, as constrained by existing observations. We find that H2 outgassing from crustal hydration and oxidation, supplemented by transient volcanic activity, could have generated sufficient H2 fluxes to transiently foster warm, humid climates. We estimate that Mars experienced episodic warm periods of an integrated duration of ~40 million years, with each event lasting ≥105 years, consistent with the formation timescale of valley networks. Declining atmospheric CO2 via surface oxidant sinks or variations in the planet’s axial tilt could have led to abrupt shifts in the planet’s redox state and transition to a CO-dominated atmosphere and cold climate. Photochemical modelling suggests that H2 outgassing from crustal hydration could have supported transient warming episodes on early Mars in a CO2-rich atmosphere with abrupt transitions to cold climate states in a CO-rich atmosphere.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 2","pages":"133-139"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142981856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-14DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01624-w
Near-daily sampling of volcanic ash during a three-month eruption reveals shifts in mantle-derived liquid magma (melt) composition, highlighting its potential as a monitoring and forecasting tool. These shifts align with the amplitude of volcanic tremor, a persistent seismic signal, suggesting a link between magma viscosity, shallow bubble escape dynamics, and tremor changes.
{"title":"Magma composition drives tremors during a volcanic eruption","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01624-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01624-w","url":null,"abstract":"Near-daily sampling of volcanic ash during a three-month eruption reveals shifts in mantle-derived liquid magma (melt) composition, highlighting its potential as a monitoring and forecasting tool. These shifts align with the amplitude of volcanic tremor, a persistent seismic signal, suggesting a link between magma viscosity, shallow bubble escape dynamics, and tremor changes.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 2","pages":"118-119"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142974869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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